otf302103 optix rtn 900 v100r003 hardware description issue 1.10

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

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Contents

OptiX RTN 900 Product Overview................................................................ Page3

OptiX RTN 900 Product Structure.................................................................Page25

OptiX RTN 900 Hardware Description


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After the course, trainees should summarize the main characteristics of OptiX RTN 900,

describe the general structure of the system and functions of every part. Depending on the

protection schemes introduced in the course, trainees should also explain the protection

modes application in the OptiX RTN 900 system, also the trainees should be clear the

function of AM (Adaptive Modulation) and Hybrid Microwave.

The Hybrid Microwave indicates the hybrid transmission of E1 services and Ethernet

services.

"AM" stands for adaptive modulation. The AM function can automatically adjust the

modulation scheme according to the channel quality. The QPSK, 16QAM, 32QAM,

64QAM, 128QAM, and 256QAM can be used as the modulation scheme. The AM is used

only in the hybrid microwave.



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The OptiX RTN 910/950/980 is a new generation split microwave transmission system

developed by Huawei. It can provide a seamless microwave transmission solution for a

mobile communication network or private network.

The OptiX RTN 900 provides several types of service interfaces and facilitates installation

and flexible configuration. It can provide a solution that is integrated with the TDM

microwave, hybrid microwave, and packet microwave according to the network

requirements. It supports the smooth upgrade from the TDM microwave to the hybrid

microwave, and from the hybrid microwave to the packet microwave. The solution can

evolve based on the service changes that may occur due to radio mobile network

evolution. Thus, this solution can meet the transmission requirements of not only 2G and

3G networks, but also LTE and 4G networks.



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From the lower to the upper, the OptiX RTN 900 equipment consists of in-door unit (IDU),

intermediate frequency (IF) cable, out-door unit (ODU), hybrid coupler, pole, and antenna.

The hybrid coupler is optional, only necessary when two ODUs need to be connected to

one antenna.



P-5

The IDU 900 is the indoor unit of an OptiX RTN 900 system. It accesses services, performs

services processing and IF processing, and provides system control and communication

function.

N+0 non-protection configuration

IDU910,the maximum value of N is 2



N+1 protection configuration






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The IF cable provides -48V power for ODU and transmits the IF signal and ODU

management signal between IDU and ODU.

According to the distance between IDU and ODU, there are 3 types IF cables can be

chosen:

5D IF cable is used for distance less than 120 meter

RG-8U cable is used for the distance between 120m and 180m

1/2 inch cable is used for the distance between 180m and 300m



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The ODU is installed behind the antenna. It enables the conversion between the IF analog

signal and radio frequency (RF) signal, and amplifying the RF signal. The ODU is irrelevant

to the microwave transmission capacity.

When one ODU is configured for an antenna, install the ODU behind the antenna directly

or separately connected to the antenna through a flexible waveguide . If two ODUs are

configured for an antenna, the two ODUs are connected to the antenna through a hybrid

coupler.



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There are two methods of mounting the ODU and the antenna: direct mounting and

separate mounting.

The typical RTN 600 ODU is 260 mm long, 260 mm wide, and 92 mm high. Its weight is

not more than 5 kg and its power consumption is not more than 40 W. The following

introduces the ODU interfaces. At the bottom of the ODU, there is a round interface –

antenna port. The OptiX RTN 900 equipments are installed through direct covering. Thus,

through the antenna interface, the ODU is directly connected to the antenna back or the

hybrid coupler. The ODU has the grounding double-screw bolt, RSSI test interface, and an

IF interface. The RSSI test interface connects to the multi-meter for testing and receiving

the signal intensity. The IF interface connects to the IF cable, exchanges the IF signal and

ODU management signal at on the IDU IF board, and receives the DC feed current.

RSSI is the receive signal strength interface used for testing the ODU receiving power.

There is a polarization mark on the back of the ODU. If the polarization arrow point

upwards, it indicates that the ODU is vertically polarized. If the polarization arrow point

turns right, it indicates that the ODU is horizontally polarized.



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Appearance description of the XMC ODU:

Hook: The hook is used together with the hook trough to facilitate the installation

of the ODU.

Polarization direction identifier: H: Horizontal polarization, V: Vertical polarization

Cooling fins: The 45°slant angle of the cooling fins ensures the ventilation of the

ODU in horizontal-polarized and vertical-polarized conditions to facilitate heat

dissipation.

Handle: The handle is used to facilitate the holding and installation of the ODU.

Pressure vent: Ensures that the pressure inside the ODU and that outside the ODU

are the same, thus preventing explosion. In addition, the pressure vent valve can

prevent moisture.

RSSI interface: The received signal strength of the ODU can be calculated based on

the voltage of the interface that is measured through a multimeter.

IF interface: The IF interface is connected to the IDU through an IF cable.

Grounding screw: The grounding screw is connected to the PGND cable.

Cut corner: In horizontal and vertical conditions, cables are inclined from the cut

corner to enhance waterproof reliability.



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Frequency band: Indicates the operating frequency band (GHz) of the ODU,which can be

06/07/08/10/11/13/15/18/23/26/28/32/38.

Type of ODU

SP: SP ODU

SPA: SPA ODU

HP: HP ODU

LP: LP ODU

LPA: LPA ODU

Type of equipment

S: SDH/PDH ODU

P: PDH ODU

T/R spacing: Indicates the T/R spacing (MHz) of the ODU.

Tx high/low station

P/Hi: Tx high station

N/Lo: Tx low station

Level of the output power

S: standard power

H: high power



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When two ODUs share one antenna, the ODUs must be connected to a hybrid coupler

whose full name is RF signal coupler/splitter.

The hybrid coupler is a part of an irregular shape with three interfaces. Two of them are

ODU interfaces and one is the antenna interface.

The main function of the hybrid coupler is to couple and split the RF signal.



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In the OptiX RTN 900, the hybrid coupler combines and splits the RF signals, that is,

combines two ODU RF signals into one RF signal in the transmission direction, and sends

the signal to the antenna. In the receiving direction, the hybrid coupler splits the RF signal

received by the antenna into two RF signals, and then sends the signals to the ODU. As

shown in this figure, the waveguide cavity of the hybrid coupler provides three ports:

antenna port (also called common port), primary tributary port and secondary tributary

port. The RF signals received by the primary tributary port and secondary tributary port are

integrated into one RF signal at the waveguide cavity, and the signal is output from the

antenna port. The RF signal received by the antenna port is split into two FR signals at the

waveguide, and then the signals are output from the two tributary ports.



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XMC serial hybrid coupler matches XMC ODU.



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The hybrid couplers is available in two series: 3 dB balanced hybrid coupler and 6 dB

unbalanced hybrid coupler.

The 3 dB balanced hybrid coupler divides one route of RF signals into two routes of

RF signals of the similar power. Compared with the original signal, the power

attenuation of each tributary signal is about 3 dB.

The 6 dB unbalanced hybrid coupler divides one route of RF signals into two routes

of RF signals of different power. Compared with the original signal, the power

attenuation of the lower tributary signal is about 6 dB, and the power of the

higher tributary signal decreases about 2 dB.

Loss is the loss between primary branch to the antenna interface.

Coupling is the loss between secondary branch to the antenna interface.

VSWR stands for the voltage standing wave ratio.



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There are two methods of mounting the ODU and the antenna: direct mounting and

separate mounting.

The direct mounting method is normally adopted when a small-diameter and

single-polarized antenna is used. In this situation, if one ODU is configured for one

antenna, the ODU is directly mounted at the back of the antenna. If two ODUs are

configured for one antenna, an RF signal combiner/splitter (hereinafter referred to

as a hybrid coupler) must be mounted to connect the ODUs to the antenna.

The separate mounting method is adopted when a dual-polarized antenna or big-

diameter and single-polarized antenna is used. In this situation, a hybrid coupler

can be mounted. That is, two ODUs share one feed boom.

The single-polarized antenna radiates or receives the electromagnetic waves in a specific

polarization direction. The single-polarized antenna provides a feed boom interface.

The dual-polarized antenna radiates and receives vertically polarized electromagnetic

waves and horizontally polarized electromagnetic waves at the same time. The dual-

polarized antenna provides two feed boom interfaces, which are vertically and horizontally

polarized.



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SNCP:Sub-network Connection Protection

XPIC: Cross-polarization interference cancellation

ATPC:Automatic Transmit Power Control

LMSP: Linear Multiplex Section Protection

ERPS:Ethernet Ring Protection Switching

LAG: Link Aggregation

MSTP:Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol



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Adaptive modulation (AM) is a technology wherein the modulation mode can be adjusted automatically according to the channel quality.

In the case of the same channel spacing, the microwave service bandwidth varies according to the modulation mode. The higher the modulation efficiency, the higher the bandwidth of the transmitted services. When the channel quality is favorable (such as on days when the weather is favorable), the equipment adopts a higher modulation mode to try to transmit more user services. In this manner, the transmission efficiency and the spectrum utilization of the system are improved. When the channel quality is degraded (such as on days when the weather is stormy and foggy), the equipment adopts a lower modulation mode to transmit only the services with a higher priority within the available bandwidth and to discard the services with a lower priority. In this manner, the anti-interference capability of a link is improved and the link availability of the services with a higher priority is ensured.

When the hybrid microwave equipment adopts the AM technology, it controls service transmission based on the service bandwidth and QoS policy corresponding to the current modulation mode. The E1 services have the highest priority. By adopting the CoS technology, the equipment schedules Ethernet services of different types to the queues with different priorities. The services in the queues of different priorities are transmitted to the microwave port. When the queues of certain priorities are congested because of insufficient microwave bandwidth, the queues of these priorities discard certain or all services. When the hybrid microwave works in the lowest modulation mode, the equipment transmits only the E1 services and the Ethernet services of the high priority on the available bandwidth. When the Hybrid microwave works in any other modulation mode, all the additional bandwidth is used to transmit the Ethernet services. In this manner, the availability of the links that carry the E1 services and the Ethernet services of the high priority is ensured and the Ethernet service capacity is increased, thus providing the dynamic bandwidth.

Slide shows the service change caused by the AM. The orange part indicates the E1 services. The blue part indicates the Ethernet services. The closer to the edge of the blue part, the lower the priority of the Ethernet service. Under all channel conditions, the E1 services occupy the specific bandwidth that is permanently available. Thus, the availability of the E1 services is ensured. The bandwidth for the Ethernet services varies according to the channel conditions. When the channel is in bad conditions, the Ethernet services of the low priority are discarded.



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The Rx path of the opposite end receives the IF signal and then checks the quality of the

received signal based on the received signal to noise ratio (SNR). In the current modulation

mode, the quality of the received signal is considered degraded if the value of the received

SNR is lower than the preset threshold; the quality of the receive signal is considered good

if the value of the received SNR is higher than the preset threshold.



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What are the components of the OptiX RTN 900?

Six parts, IDU, IF cable, ODU, hybrid coupler, antenna and pole

What are the functions of them?

IDU process the service signal (baseband signal) and converting it between

intermediate frequency signal.

IF cable transmitting and receiving the IF signal, ODU management signal and -48V

DC power of ODU between ODU and IDU.

ODU process the conversion between IF signal and RF signal.

Hybrid couple is used to combined or split the RF signal between ODUs and

antenna.

The pole is just used to support the antenna in the hardware installation.

What are the connection relations between the components?

IDUIF cable ODU Hybrid coupler antenna



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The IDU 910 is the indoor unit of the OptiX RTN 910.

The IDU 910 adopts the card plug-in design. It can implement different functions by

configuring different types of boards.

All the service boards support hot-swapping.

The EXT represents an extended slot, which can be inserted with various IF boards and

interface boards



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There are 3 groups of the paired slots, slot 1 and slot 2, slot 3 and slot5, slot 4 and slot 6.

The paired slots are used in the 1+1 FD or 1+1 SD configuration.



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An RTN 980 has 19 slots numbered from left to right and up to down. As in the figure:

There are 3 groups of the paired slots 1 and 2, slots 3 and 5, slots 4 and 6, slots 7 and 9,

slots 8 and 10, slots 11 and 13, and slots 12 and 14. The paired slots are used in the 1+1

FD or 1+1 SD configuration.



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When the OptiX RTN 900 houses the CSH board, the system architecture is TDM/Packet

dual-plane.

In the TDM/Packet dual-plane system architecture, the OptiX RTN 900 consists of a series

of functional units, including the service interface unit, timeslot cross-connect unit, packet

switching unit, IF unit, control unit, clock unit, auxiliary interface unit, fan unit, power unit,

and ODU.



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The IF board receives and transmits 1x IF signal. It realizes the conversion between

baseband digital signal and IF signal, it also provides -48V DC power supply and

management signal to the ODU.

The ODU is not inserted in a physical slot but has a logical slot on the NMS. The logical slot

number of the ODU is the logical slot number of the IF board that is connected to the ODU

plus 20(OptiX RTN 910/950), plus 50(OptiX RTN 980).

Conventional IP microwave is divided into two different types: Hybrid microwave and

Packet microwave.

IFX2/ISX2 dependency and limitation

One XPIC workgroup cannot form a 1+1 HSB/FD/SD protection group.

Members in an XPIC workgroup cannot be configured as members in an N+1

protection group.



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The ODU-PWR switch is equipped with a lockup device. To turn on or turn off the switch,

you need to first pull the switch lever outwards slightly. When the switch is set to "O", it

indicates that the circuit is open. When the switch is set to "I", it indicates that the circuit

is closed.



P-32 OptiX RTN 900 Hardware Description

There is an indicator XPIC in IFX2 and ISX2 board.




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The channel spacings 13.75 MHz, 27.5 MHz, and 55 MHz are applied to the 18 GHz

frequency band.

The channel spacings listed in the table are the minimum channel spacings supported by

the product. The channel spacings larger than the values are also supported.

The SDH/PDH radio link of the OptiX RTN 950 supports all microwave modulation mode. If

the SDH/PDH radio link supports the 4E1/16QAM microwave modulation mode, it cannot

use the high power ODU.

The OptiX RTN 910 whose equipment is in the form of PDH microwave equipment

supports the first six microwave modulation mode.

The OptiX RTN 910 whose equipment is in the form of SDH microwave equipment

supports all microwave modulation mode. If the OptiX RTN 910 supports the 4E1/16QAM

microwave modulation mode, it cannot use the high power ODU.

As shown in the above table, only list the partial specifications of IF board. Please check

out the particular contents by product manual.



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E1 services need to occupy the corresponding bandwidth of the service capacity. The

bandwidth remaining after the E1 service capacity is subtracted from the service capacity

can be provided for Ethernet services.

The OptiX RTN 910/950/980 whose equipment is in the form of hybrid microwave

equipment supports all microwave modulation mode. If the OptiX RTN 910 supports the

56 MHz microwave modulation mode, it must use the high power ODU.

As shown in the above table, only list the partial specifications of IF board. Please check

out the particular contents by product manual.



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Optical interfaces description:

TX1 Transmit port of the first STM-1 optical interface

RX1 Receive port of the first STM-1 optical interface

TX2 Transmit port of the second STM-1 optical interface

RX2 Receive port of the second STM-1 optical interface



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Bit rate: The streaming speed of digital content on a network. Bit rate is usually measured

in kilobits per second (Kbps).

Mean launched power: The average power of a pseudo-random data sequence coupled

into the fiber by the transmitter.

Sensitivity: The minimum power required to achieve a specified quality of performance.

Overload: The maximum power required to achieve a specified quality of performance.

Extinction ratio: Extinction ratio is the ratio of two optical power levels, of a digital signal

generated by an optical source.



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ML1/MD1 support 75Ω E1 coaxial wire pair and 120Ω E1 symmetrical wire pair.



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In the case of the OptiX RTN 910/950/980, only the ports 1-16 and 22-37 of the SP3D

interface are used. Ports 1-16correspond to E1 signals 1-16 and ports 22-37 correspond to

E1 signals 17-32.



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The Ethernet interface board can realize the following functions when working with the

packet switching board:

Supports port-based, port+VLAN-based, and port+QinQ E-Line services.

Supports 802.1d bridge-based, 802.1q bridge-based, and 802.1ad bridge-based E-

LAN services.

The Ethernet boards can process 1518 bytes to 9600 bytes frame length.

Supports the link aggregation group (LAG) function.

Supports the Ethernet ring protection switching (ERPS).



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The EM6T provides two GE electrical interfaces whereas the EM6F uses the SFP optical

modules to provide two GE optical or electrical interfaces. The GE electrical interfaces are

compatible with the FE electrical interfaces.

Description of the interfaces

FE1/2/3/4, FE interface, RJ-45

GE1/2 ,GE electrical interface (EM6T),RJ-45

GE1/2 ,GE optical interface (EM6F) ,LC (SFP optical module)



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The LINK1 and LINK2 indicators are available only on the EM6F and indicate the states of

the corresponding GE optical interfaces



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Functions of CSHA/B/C/D:

Provide full timeslot cross-connections for VC-12/VC-3/VC-4 services equivalent to

8x8 VC-4s.

Perform system communication and control.

Provide the clock signal processing function, with one external clock input/output

port.

Provide 75-ohm or 120-ohm E1 interfaces.

Provide one Ethernet NM interface, one NM serial interface, and one NE cascading

interface.

Provide one orderwire phone interface, one asynchronous data interface, and

three-input and one-output external alarm interfaces.

Functions of CSHA/B/C/D:

Provides the clock signal processing function, with one external clock input/output

port and two external time input/output ports for synchronous Ethernet, IEEE

1588v2, IEEE 1588 ACR, and CES ACR solutions.

Provides 4xFE and 2xGE SFP ports for synchronous Ethernet, IEEE 1588v2, and IEEE

1588 ACR.

Provides 16xE1 ports for Native E1, CES E1, IMA E1, and Fractional E1.



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The CSHA/B/C/D is the integrated Hybrid system control and communication, switching,

and clock board. The differences between the CSHA, CSHB,CSHC and CSHD are with

regard to the types and number of service interfaces.

Auxiliary Interfaces and Management Interfaces



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All the auxiliary Interfaces (orderwire, clock inputting, external alarm interfaces etc.) are

integrated on the system control, switching and timing board in IDU 910.But there is a

independent AUX board that provides auxiliary Interfaces in IDU 950.

The function of CST/H

Performs system communication and control

Provides the clock processing function and supports one external clock

input/output function

Provides one Ethernet NM interface, one NM serial interface, and one NE

cascading interface



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Description of the auxiliary interfaces and management interfaces on the CST/CSH



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CSHN boards are a must for an OptiX RTN 980. If an OptiX RTN 980 needs one CSHN

board, install the board in slot 15; if an OptiX RTN 980 needs two CSHN boards, install the

boards in slots 15 and 20.

The two STM-1/STM-4 SFP ports on a board need be manually set to the STM-1 or STM-4

mode.

The two GE ports on a board need be manually set to SFP or RJ45 mode.



P-56

The AUX provides the system with one orderwire phone port, one synchronous data port,

one asynchronous data port, and one four-input/two-output external alarm port.



P-58

The PIU consists of the protection and detection unit, power detection unit, DC/DC unit,

EMI filtering unit, and communication control unit.



P-59

Do not remove or install a PIU while the equipment is powered on. That is, turn off all the

power supplies of the PIU before removing or installing it.



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The FAN adjusts the fan rotating speed, and detects and reports the fan status.



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The ESD wrist strap needs to be connected to the ESD wrist strap jack to realize the proper

grounding of the human body.

The front panel of the FAN has the following labels

ESD protection label: indicates that the equipment is static-sensitive.

Fan warning label: warns you not to touch fan leaves when a fan is rotating.



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This topic considers the transmission of the E1 services that the CSTA accesses directly by

the IF1 board as an example to describe the service signal processing flow of the SDH/PDH

microwave.



P-64

This topic considers the transmission of the E1 services and the FE services that the CSH

accesses directly by the IFU2 as an example to describe the service signal processing flow

of the Hybrid microwave.



P-65

This section considers using the ISU2 board to transmit the TDM E1 services and FE

services that are directly received by the CSHN board as an example to describe the

processing flow for Packet microwave service signals.



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otf302103 optix rtn 900 v100r003 hardware description issue 1.10

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