orogenic gold deposits in the superior province of …...lake winnipeg northern superior english r....

Manitoba Mining and Minerals Convention 2008:Orogenic Gold Short Course

Manitoba Mining and Minerals Convention 2008:Orogenic Gold Short Course

Orogenic gold depositsin the Superior Provinceof Manitoba

Orogenic gold depositsin the Superior Provinceof Manitoba

Scott D. AndersonMineral Deposits GeologistManitoba Geological Survey

Scott D. AndersonMineral Deposits GeologistManitoba Geological Survey

Main vein, High Rock Island depositMain vein, High Rock Island deposit

Headframe, Rice Lake mineHeadframe, Rice Lake mine

500

Kilometres

North Caribou Lake

Pickle Lake

Red Lake

Rice Lake

Timmins

HemloCasa Berardi

Kirkland Lake

Chibougamau

Monument Bay

EleonoreBeardmore- Geraldton

Val d’Or

500

Kilometres

North Caribou Lake

Pickle Lake

Red Lake

Rice Lake

Timmins

HemloCasa Berardi

Kirkland Lake

Chibougamau

Monument Bay

EleonoreBeardmore- Geraldton

Val d’Or

• greenstone-granitoiddomains

• domain margins• linear distribution

(crustal-scale faults)

• greenstone-granitoiddomains

• domain margins• linear distribution

(crustal-scale faults)

Regional setting:Superior Province

Regional setting:Superior Province

Manito

baOntar

io

Wabigoon

Uchi

Winnipeg R.

Berens River

Oxford-Stull

LakeWinnipeg

Northern Superior

English R.

Quetico

WawaLake

pSu erior

Island L.

Munro

200 km

metavolcanic rocks of mainlyoceanic affinity

metavolcanic rocks of mainlycontinental affinity

and isotopic influence> 2.8 Ga continental terranes

Greenstone belts

3.9- 2.81 Ga Northern Superior superterrane 3.0 - 2.87 Ga North Caribou terrane3.4 - 2.8 Ga Winnipeg River terrane

metasedimentary and assoc.granitic rocks

granitoid rocksMan

itoba

Ontario

Wabigoon

Uchi

Winnipeg R.

Berens River

Oxford-Stull

LakeWinnipeg

Northern Superior

English R.

Quetico

WawaLake

pSu erior

Island L.

Munro

200 km




Greenstone belts



granitoid rocks

Regional setting:Western Superior Province

Regional setting:Western Superior Province

• collage of continental andoceanic terranes(ca. 3.9-2.7 Ga)

• amalgamated via platetectonic processes

• terminal collisionca. 2.69-2.67 Ga

• collage of continental andoceanic terranes(ca. 3.9-2.7 Ga)

• amalgamated via platetectonic processes

• terminal collisionca. 2.69-2.67 Ga

North Caribou Terrane


Manito

baOntar

io

Wabigoon

Uchi

Winnipeg R.

Berens River

Oxford-Stull

LakeWinnipeg

Northern Superior

English R.

Quetico

WawaLake

pSu erior

Island L.

Munro

Manito

baOntar

io

Wabigoon

Uchi

Winnipeg R.

Berens River

Oxford-Stull

LakeWinnipeg

Northern Superior

English R.

Quetico

WawaLake

pSu erior

Island L.

Munro

North margin of NCT:tectonomagmatic evolution

North margin of NCT:tectonomagmatic evolution

2600 2650 2700 2750 2800 2850 2900 2950 3000 3050

Freq

uenc

y

Age (Ma)

Igneous crystallization ages (north margin NCT)N=113

2600 2650 2700 2750 2800 2850 2900 2950 3000 3050

Freq

uenc

y

Age (Ma)

Igneous crystallization ages (north margin NCT)N=113

• magmatic history spans ~380 my• major additions of crust at ~2.86

and 2.74-2.73 Ga• subduction-accretion complex

• magmatic history spans ~380 my• major additions of crust at ~2.86

and 2.74-2.73 Ga• subduction-accretion complex

riftin

grif

ting

ocean

ic

volca

nism

ocean

ic

volca

nismarc-

volca

nismarc-

volca

nism

MGS, GSC and OGS data,various authors


terminal

collis

ion

terminal

collis

ion

~2.69-2.67 Gagranulite

(PGD)


(PGD)

Manito

baOntar

io

Wabigoon

Uchi

Winnipeg R.

Berens River

Oxford-Stull

LakeWinnipeg

Northern Superior

English R.

Quetico

WawaLake

pSu erior

Island L.

Munro

Manito

baOntar

io

Wabigoon

Uchi

Winnipeg R.

Berens River

Oxford-Stull

LakeWinnipeg

Northern Superior

English R.

Quetico

WawaLake

pSu erior

Island L.

Munro

2600 2650 2700 2750 2800 2850 2900 2950 3000 3050

Freq

uenc

y

Age (Ma)

Igneous crystallization ages (south margin NCT)N=104

2600 2650 2700 2750 2800 2850 2900 2950 3000 3050

Freq

uenc

y

Age (Ma)

Igneous crystallization ages (south margin NCT)N=104

• magmatic history spans ~350 my• major addition of crust at

~2.71-2.75 Ga• subduction-accretion complex

• magmatic history spans ~350 my• major addition of crust at

~2.71-2.75 Ga• subduction-accretion complex

riftin

grif

ting

arc-

volca

nismarc-

volca

nism



terminal

collis

ion

terminal

collis

ion

ocean

ic

volca

nism

ocean

ic

volca

nism


(ERB)


(ERB)

South margin of NCT:tectonomagmatic evolution

South margin of NCT:tectonomagmatic evolution

South margin of NCT:tectonic evolution

and regional correlation

South margin of NCT:tectonic evolution

and regional correlationPercival et al., 2006;CJES, v. 43, p. 1085-1117Percival et al., 2006;CJES, v. 43, p. 1085-1117

Continental rifting, plume-magmatismContinental rifting, plume-magmatism

Oceanic and continental-arcmagmatismOceanic and continental-arcmagmatism

Oceanic and continental-arcmagmatismOceanic and continental-arcmagmatism

Orogenic sedimentationOrogenic sedimentationCollisional orogenesisCollisional orogenesis

Western Superior Province:lithospheric structure

Western Superior Province:lithospheric structure

Seismic reflection data and seismic refraction velocity model (Musacchio et al., 2004)

Tectonic interpretation of the seismic data (White et al., 2003)

Percival et al., 2006; CJES, v. 43, p. 1085-1117Percival et al., 2006; CJES, v. 43, p. 1085-1117• Western Superior Lithoprobe transect• Western Superior Lithoprobe transect

• Accretionary orogens on NCT margins• Crustal-scale structures• Favourable geodynamic settings for OGD

• Accretionary orogens on NCT margins• Crustal-scale structures• Favourable geodynamic settings for OGD

Manito

baOntar

ioWabigoon

Uchi

Winnipeg R.

Berens River

Oxford-Stull

LakeWinnipeg

Northern Superior

English R.

Quetico

WawaLake

pSu erior

Island L.

Munro

200 km




Greenstone belts



granitoid rocks

Western Superior Province:gold deposits

(>50k ounces Au)

Western Superior Province:gold deposits

(>50k ounces Au)

34 deposits>47.6 million ounces Au

34 deposits>47.6 million ounces Au

Gold deposits:>50k oz. Au>1M oz. Au

Gold deposits:>50k oz. Au>1M oz. Au



Western Superior Province gold deposits:tonnage vs. grade

Western Superior Province gold deposits:tonnage vs. grade

• relatively high-grade• median grade: 10.0 g Au/T• median tonnage: 836,000 T• two ‘world-class’ deposits

(>100 tonnes Au)

• relatively high-grade• median grade: 10.0 g Au/T• median tonnage: 836,000 T• two ‘world-class’ deposits

(>100 tonnes Au)

Canadian quartz-carbonatevein gold deposits (Robert, 1995)Canadian quartz-carbonatevein gold deposits (Robert, 1995)

Note: Twin Lake resourceexpanded to 1.2M ounces Au

Note: Twin Lake resourceexpanded to 1.2M ounces Au

Western Superior Province gold deposits:contained gold

Western Superior Province gold deposits:contained gold

* From published sources, notnecessarily NI 43-101 compliant • Production +

reserves and resources• Manitoba deposits in red• Large deposits rare, but

account for most of thegold endowment

• Production +reserves and resources

• Manitoba deposits in red• Large deposits rare, but

account for most of thegold endowment

Western Superior Province gold deposits:style of mineralization

Western Superior Province gold deposits:style of mineralization

• 23 quartz-carbonate vein• 6 iron formation-hosted• 2 crustiform vein/sulphidic

replacement• 1 disseminated/stockwork

sulphide• 1 sheeted quartz veins• 1 breccia pipe

• 23 quartz-carbonate vein• 6 iron formation-hosted• 2 crustiform vein/sulphidic

replacement• 1 disseminated/stockwork

sulphide• 1 sheeted quartz veins• 1 breccia pipe

• significant diversity of styles.particularly for larger deposits

• significant diversity of styles.particularly for larger deposits

• nature, setting and style ofmineralization indicatedominantly ‘orogenic’ gold

• nature, setting and style ofmineralization indicatedominantly ‘orogenic’ gold

Lake Winnipeg

Thompson

Winnipeg

200 km

Superior Province of Manitoba:gold deposits


• 17 significant deposits(>5000 ounces Au)

• >5.3 million ounces discoveredto date

• four main gold ‘trends’:Oxford-StullIsland LakeRice LakeLake of the Woods

• common affiliations:greenstone terranescrustal-scale faults

• 17 significant deposits(>5000 ounces Au)

• >5.3 million ounces discoveredto date

• four main gold ‘trends’:Oxford-StullIsland LakeRice LakeLake of the Woods

• common affiliations:greenstone terranescrustal-scale faults

Oxford-StullOxford-Stull

IslandLake

IslandLake

Rice LakeRice Lake

Lake of theWoods

Lake of theWoods

South marginSouth margin

North marginNorth margin

North margin NCT:gold deposits


• six significant deposits

• >1.9M oz. contained Au

• two past-producers

• six significant deposits

• >1.9M oz. contained Au

• two past-producers



Stull-Wunnummin Fault• Oxford-Stull terrane (north)

(juvenile oceanic)• Munro Lake domain (south)

(evolved cratonic)Savage Island Fault• Island Lake domain (north)• N.Caribou terrane (south)

(continental arc?)


(juvenile oceanic)• Munro Lake domain (south)

(evolved cratonic)Savage Island Fault• Island Lake domain (north)• N.Caribou terrane (south)

(continental arc?)

1) Spatially associated with two crustal-scale faults1) Spatially associated with two crustal-scale faults

Two orogen-scale metallotectsTwo orogen-scale metallotects

SWFSWF

SIFSIF




(juvenile oceanic)• Molson domain (south)

(evolved cratonic)Savage Island Fault• Molson domain (north)• Island Lake

(intracratonic rift?)


(juvenile oceanic)• Molson domain (south)

(evolved cratonic)Savage Island Fault• Molson domain (north)• Island Lake

(intracratonic rift?)

1) Spatially associated with two crustal-scale faults1) Spatially associated with two crustal-scale faults

• two major metallotectsidentified to date

• two major metallotectsidentified to date100 km100 km

SIFSIF

SWFSWF

2) At least two distinct styles of mineralization2) At least two distinct styles of mineralization

Main-stage orogenic:(‘Twin Lakes type’)

• hosted by majorshear zones or first-order splays










‘Before’‘Before’

‘After’‘After’

‘Feldspar-phyric flow’‘Feldspar-phyric flow’

Twin Lakes shear zoneTwin Lakes shear zone



Twin Lakes deposit:mineralization

Twin Lakes deposit:mineralization

Synkinematic crackle-brecciaand stockwork-breccia veinsSynkinematic crackle-brecciaand stockwork-breccia veins



• evidence of synkinematicemplacement…



• evidence of synkinematicemplacement…

Twin Lakes deposit:timing of mineralization

Twin Lakes deposit:timing of mineralization



• evidence of synkinematicemplacement……with significantstructural overprint




Twin Lakes deposit:timing of mineralizationTwin Lakes deposit:timing of mineralization




• complex geometry




• complex geometry

Twin Lakes C-veinTwin Lakes C-vein

Twin Lakes deposit: block model

C-vein long. section(grade x width)


Late-stage orogenic:(‘High Rock Island type’)• peripheral to major

shear zones or first-order splays


shear zones or first-order splaysSISZ

SISZ

Gabbro

High Rock Island

High Rock Island Gold Deposit

72

70

80

85

80

75

60

80

70

80

0

Foliation (inclined)

Gold deposit

Tonalite and granodioriteMafic volcanic rocksFelsic to intermediate volcanic rocks

94°29'

94°3

4'

53°45'

53°47'

1 km

85

Gabbro

High Rock Island

High Rock Island Gold Deposit

72

70

80

85

80

75

60

80

70

80

0

Foliation (inclined)

Gold deposit

Tonalite and granodioriteMafic volcanic rocksFelsic to intermediate volcanic rocks

94°29'

94°3

4'

53°45'

53°47'

1 km

85

Lin and Corfu, 2002; Econ. Geol., v. 97, p. 43-57.Lin and Corfu, 2002; Econ. Geol., v. 97, p. 43-57.





• post-date main-phasestructures in wall-rock



• post-date main-phasestructures in wall-rock



High Rock Island:absolute age of mineralization

High Rock Island:absolute age of mineralization

.

206 Pb

/238 U

207Pb/235U

monazite: ±2687 2 Ma

2630

2650

26702690titanite: ±2658 5 Ma

12.3 12.7 12.9

0.50

0.52

.

206 Pb

/238 U

207Pb/235U

monazite: ±2687 2 Ma

2630

2650

26702690titanite: ±2658 5 Ma

12.3 12.7 12.9

0.50

0.52

• U-Pb geochronology on titanite and monazitefrom vein quartz

• ca. 2687 Ma monazite:emplacement of the ‘main vein’ (± Au)

• ca. 2658 Ma titanite:reactivation, Au mineralization

• U-Pb geochronology on titanite and monazitefrom vein quartz

• ca. 2687 Ma monazite:emplacement of the ‘main vein’ (± Au)

• ca. 2658 Ma titanite:reactivation, Au mineralization

Crack-seal quartz veinCrack-seal quartz vein

3) Recurring stratigraphic affiliation3) Recurring stratigraphic affiliation

Hayes RiverGroup

Oxford LakeGroup

Cross LakeGroup

• significant gold deposits occur at interfacebetween pillowed basalt and orogenicsedimentary rocks

• contact traditionally mapped as contactbetween ca. 2.83 Ga ‘Hayes River Group’and <2.707 Ga ‘Cross Lake Group’

• contact zone occupied by distinctivelithostratigraphic association:

felsic volcanic-volcaniclastic rocks;syn-volcanic felsic dikes;intermediate porphyry flows;iron formation

• locally dated at ca. 2.72 Ga – ‘Oxford LakeGroup’








3) Recurring stratigraphic affiliation3) Recurring stratigraphic affiliation

HRG

OLG

HRG

OLG













Possibly reflects strain localization in response topronounced competency contrasts andstrength anisotropy in OLG

Possibly reflects strain localization in response topronounced competency contrasts andstrength anisotropy in OLG

Lake Winnipeg

Thompson

Winnipeg

200 km



Four main gold ‘trends’:Oxford-StullIsland LakeRice LakeLake of the Woods

Four main gold ‘trends’:Oxford-StullIsland LakeRice LakeLake of the Woods


IslandLake

IslandLake

Rice LakeRice Lake

Lake of theWoods

Lake of theWoods


North marginNorth margin

Oxford-Stull and Island LakeSummary:1) Association with SWF and SIF2) Syn- and late-kinematic Au3) Recurring affiliation with OLG

at HRG- CLG interface



Gold deposits:Rice Lake belt

Gold deposits:Rice Lake belt

123456789

10

123456789

10

11

33

5577

99

22

4466

88

1010

• 10 deposits• >3.4M ounces

contained Au• two producers:

Rice Lake and SG#1• seven past-producers• uniform characteristics

• 10 deposits• >3.4M ounces

contained Au• two producers:

Rice Lake and SG#1• seven past-producers• uniform characteristics

RLB gold mineralization:general characteristics

RLB gold mineralization:general characteristics

• quartz-carbonate veins• shear zone or fracture control • quartz, subordinate carbonate (ank>cal),

albite, chlorite, sericite• low sulphide content (<5%)• pyrite; other sulphides negligible• free gold, assoc. with pyrite• high Au:Ag (>5:1)• low base metals and pathfinder

elements (e.g., As, Bi, B, Sb, W)• narrow, zoned wall-rock alteration

proximal: ankerite-albite-sericite-pyritedistal: chlorite-calcite

• evidence of wall-rock sulphidation• considerable depth extent (>2 km),

yet negligible variation (RLM)

• quartz-carbonate veins• shear zone or fracture control • quartz, subordinate carbonate (ank>cal),

albite, chlorite, sericite• low sulphide content (<5%)• pyrite; other sulphides negligible• free gold, assoc. with pyrite• high Au:Ag (>5:1)• low base metals and pathfinder

elements (e.g., As, Bi, B, Sb, W)• narrow, zoned wall-rock alteration

proximal: ankerite-albite-sericite-pyritedistal: chlorite-calcite

• evidence of wall-rock sulphidation• considerable depth extent (>2 km),

yet negligible variation (RLM)

Dube et al., 2007Dube et al., 2007

Rice Lake belt• first discovery of gold in Manitoba (1911)• several significant deposits• Rice Lake and SG-1 mines (San Gold Corp.)• Rice Lake deposit >2.3 million ounces Au

(production + reserves, resources)

Rice Lake belt• first discovery of gold in Manitoba (1911)• several significant deposits• Rice Lake and SG-1 mines (San Gold Corp.)• Rice Lake deposit >2.3 million ounces Au

(production + reserves, resources)

‘Mesothermal’‘Shear-hosted’‘Mother-lode’‘Orogenic’

‘Mesothermal’‘Shear-hosted’‘Mother-lode’‘Orogenic’

AKA:AKA:

South margin NCT:Uchi Subprovince


TerraneTerrane

NorthCaribou

1) Largest deposits associated with crustal-scaleWanipigow Fault

1) Largest deposits associated with crustal-scaleWanipigow Fault

Gold deposits (>5000 oz. Au)



2) Largest deposits (Red Lake, Madsen, Rice Lake)exhibit significant diversity….

….a cautionary tale for model-driven exploration

2) Largest deposits (Red Lake, Madsen, Rice Lake)exhibit significant diversity….

….a cautionary tale for model-driven exploration

NORTH CARIBOUNORTH CARIBOU

UCHIUCHI

ENGLISH RIVERENGLISH RIVER



3) Rice Lake belt deposits cluster around marginsof the Ross River Pluton…

…but proximity does not indicate genesis

3) Rice Lake belt deposits cluster around marginsof the Ross River Pluton…

…but proximity does not indicate genesis

Several authors haveproposed geneticlink between RRPand Au

(e.g., Cooke, 1922; Reid, 1931; Wright,1932; Stockwell, 1940)

Several authors haveproposed geneticlink between RRPand Au

(e.g., Cooke, 1922; Reid, 1931; Wright,1932; Stockwell, 1940)

At odds with fieldrelationships, style ofmineralization, andstructural timing

At odds with fieldrelationships, style ofmineralization, andstructural timing

But…But…

• brittle-ductile shear zones• shear and tensile fracture arrays• competent rock types, with

strength anisotropies• shear-hosted veins – massive,

laminated and brecciated• evidence of ‘fault-valve’ (Sibson et al.,

1988) behaviour• extension-vein stockworks –

intensify into hydraulic breccia• subhorizontal extension veins

• brittle-ductile shear zones• shear and tensile fracture arrays• competent rock types, with

strength anisotropies• shear-hosted veins – massive,

laminated and brecciated• evidence of ‘fault-valve’ (Sibson et al.,

1988) behaviour• extension-vein stockworks –

intensify into hydraulic breccia• subhorizontal extension veins

• high degree of structural control• synkinematic vein emplacement• brittle-ductile (mid-crustal) conditions• high fluid pressure

(transiently supralithostatic)

• high degree of structural control• synkinematic vein emplacement• brittle-ductile (mid-crustal) conditions• high fluid pressure

(transiently supralithostatic)

RLB gold mineralization:style

RLB gold mineralization:style

RLM; 3096ERLM; 3096E

SG-1; L6ESG-1; L6ERLM; 4670 (A-vein)RLM; 4670 (A-vein)

RLM; 3096ERLM; 3096ERLM; 2998WRLM; 2998W


Rice Lake mine:styles of mineralization

Rice Lake mine:styles of mineralization

• Gold mineralization hosted by two distincttypes of vein within the differentiated ‘SAM’ sill

• High degree of structural control• Brittle-ductile conditions, with high-fluid pressures• Alteration overprints regional g.schist assemblage

(Ames, 1988; Ames et al., 1991)

• Gold mineralization hosted by two distincttypes of vein within the differentiated ‘SAM’ sill

• High degree of structural control• Brittle-ductile conditions, with high-fluid pressures• Alteration overprints regional g.schist assemblage

(Ames, 1988; Ames et al., 1991)

Fault-fill vein3096EFault-fill vein3096E

Stockwork-breccia vein3098WStockwork-breccia vein3098W

Local geology:Rice Lake area

Local geology:Rice Lake area

Au depositAu deposit

Rice Lake deposit

Emplacement2724±2Ma

Age of detritus2724 Ma

RRPRRP

Deposit genesisconstrained by fieldrelationships and U-Pbzircon geochronology

Deposit genesisconstrained by fieldrelationships and U-Pbzircon geochronology

Erosional contact

Rice Lake belt:summary of deformation

Rice Lake belt:summary of deformation

D4D4

D5D5

• structures indicatecomplex sequenceof deformation

• belt geometry mainlyreflects regionalD4 and D5

• structures indicatecomplex sequenceof deformation

• belt geometry mainlyreflects regionalD4 and D5

4) Orogenic model provides best explanation for Au deposition in the Rice Lake belt


D4 deformationsinistral transpression

(ca. 2.69-2.68 Ga?)

D4 deformationsinistral transpression

(ca. 2.69-2.68 Ga?)

S0-S2S0-S2

S3S3

L3L3

CC

SS

C’C’

Crustal thickeningCrustal thickening

• first ‘regional’ deformation• greenschist-facies regional

metamorphism • NE-SW shortening strongly

partitioned in three distinctmacroscopic domains

• first ‘regional’ deformation• greenschist-facies regional

metamorphism • NE-SW shortening strongly

partitioned in three distinctmacroscopic domains

Sinistral-reversenon-coaxial shearSinistral-reversenon-coaxial shear

Bulk flattening and stretchingBulk flattening and stretchingUpright subhorizontal foldingUpright subhorizontal folding

WingoldWingold


Big FourBig Four

RLM; 3096WRLM; 3096W

• subhorizontal σ1• subvertical σ3• supralithostatic Pf

• subhorizontal σ1• subvertical σ3• supralithostatic Pf

• far-field NE-SW, subhorizontal shortening(see also Davies, 1953; Lau, 1988; Lau and

Brisbin, 1996; Brommecker, 1991)

• far-field NE-SW, subhorizontal shortening(see also Davies, 1953; Lau, 1988; Lau and

Brisbin, 1996; Brommecker, 1991)

RLB gold mineralization:kinematic framework

RLB gold mineralization:kinematic framework

Section view (looking east)Section view (looking east)

Plan viewPlan view

Pencils point northPencils point north

• near-field σ1 roughlyNNE-SSW

• near-field σ1 roughlyNNE-SSW

RLB gold mineralization:late D4 structural timing

RLB gold mineralization:late D4 structural timing

S3-L3S3-L3

S3S3

S3S3

• post-dates at least initialincrements of regional D4

• post dates arc magmatism by>10 million years

• precludes syngenetic Au

• post-dates at least initialincrements of regional D4

• post dates arc magmatism by>10 million years

• precludes syngenetic Au

S3S3

3096E; 1st sublevel3096E; 1st sublevel

South margin of NCT:metallogenic model

South margin of NCT:metallogenic model

• ca. 2.69-2.67 Ga collisional orogenesis• crustal thickening• prograde metamorphism• dehydration reactions at depth• high fluid pressures• regional NE-SW compression• structural anisotropy (RRP)• domains of low mean stress• shear and hydraulic fracturing of

competent rock-types• enhanced permeability• channeling of auriferous

metamorphic fluids• decompression-induced Au precipitation

• ca. 2.69-2.67 Ga collisional orogenesis• crustal thickening• prograde metamorphism• dehydration reactions at depth• high fluid pressures• regional NE-SW compression• structural anisotropy (RRP)• domains of low mean stress• shear and hydraulic fracturing of

competent rock-types• enhanced permeability• channeling of auriferous

metamorphic fluids• decompression-induced Au precipitation



Lake Winnipeg

Thompson

Winnipeg

200 km




IslandLake

IslandLake

Rice LakeRice Lake

Lake of theWoods

Lake of theWoods


North marginNorth marginOxford-Stull and Island LakeSummary:1) Association with SWF and SIF2) Syn- and late-kinematic Au3) Recurring affiliation with OLG




Rice LakeSummary:1) Association with WF and MF2) Regional diversity of styles 3) Syn-kinematic Au (not syngenetic!)4) Regional NE-SW compression

Rice LakeSummary:1) Association with WF and MF2) Regional diversity of styles 3) Syn-kinematic Au (not syngenetic!)4) Regional NE-SW compression

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orogenic gold deposits in the superior province of …...lake winnipeg northern superior english r....

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