Lesson Essential Question:Could WWII have been

prevented?

Origins of the WW II

Remember… One More Lollypop and

Then You All Go Home!”

The effects of the Depression are felt around the world

What happens when economic times are bad? Increase in racism (scapegoats)

Increase in radicalism

The Great Depression to WWII

Do we remember what this is?

When was it signed?What was the effects of this Treaty?

The Treaty of Versailles

A “peace” treaty signed by Allied powers and Germany on June 18, 1919

It assigned Germany responsibility for the war.

Required Germany to pay reparations to Allied countries

Reduced Germany’s territoryDidn’t allow for Germany to have an army

The Treaty of Versailles

Germans do not like the treaty – the assume the guiltpaying war reparationsNot being able to have a military

Do you think this treaty is going to keep the world peace so many hoped for?

The Treaty of Versailles

What is Appeasement?Yielding to an enemy’s demands in order to maintain peace

Does it work?Ah what are we studying right now… you be the judge

Policy of Appeasement

At the end of WWI the Treaty of Versailles was signed to end of all wars

Problem – it blamed Germany and put the war debts

End of WWI

France and Great Britain still recovering from WWI – will go to great costs to avoid another war

France and GB distrust Hitler – but decided on appeasement

Why?

Hitler and appeasement

Chamberlin (the British leader) said didn’t make sense to go to war over such a small territory…. Let Germany have it… not worth war

What do you think?

Appeasement and Sudeten Land

Munich Pact - 1938

France, Great Britain, Italy, and Germany signed

Basically said Hitler would not expand beyond the Sudetenland of German speaking Czechoslovakia

Munich Pact - 1938

What is the point of this cartoon?

Is Appeasement a good idea?What do you think?

StalinMussoliniHitlerTojoPrime Minister ChurchillFDR

Let’s meet the players

Soviet Union: Joseph Stalin

Stalin’s Soviet Union Lenin’s worldwide

Communist revolution never occurred.

Stalin takes over after Lenin’s death in 1924.

Stalin’s Economic Plans Modernize agriculture He wanted farmers to combine family

farms into farms run by the state (country). –collective farms.

State takeover of land took several years– resistance was met with confiscation of food—also sent to labor camps

Collectivization led to loss of human lives and shortage of food—rationing.

Stalin’s Reign of Terror Purges- elimination of enemies. Great Purge began in 1934 w/ local

party officials and farmers By 1939 more than 7 million

arrested at all levels of society. A million were executed and

millions more were sent to labor camps.

Purges did eliminate threats to Stalin– real or imagined.

Communist party as the only authority

State planning of the economyBrutal purges to maintain political control

Complete control of a persons life – every aspect

Totalitarianism Government - Stalin

Italy: Benito Mussolini

Inflation (extreme) and labor strikes hurt the economy

Communists threatened to take over

Mad at Versailles because failed to give Italians the land they thought they deserved.

Italy after WWI

Mussolini – Italy Mussolini took advantage of

these condition to become a leader and ultimately a dictator

Benito Mussolini had fought and been wounded in WWI.

Great speaker, he began to attract followers.

1919 formed the Fascist Party

Extreme nationalism in which the state comes first and the individual liberties is secondary

Strongly oppose communism and democracy

They favor military values, violence, and ruthless leadership

Fascism and Italy

Mussolini continued…. Called himself Il Duce (the

leader) His tone was often emotional

and dramatic.

Mussolini continued…. Used gangs of thugs known as

Black shirts to terrorize those who opposed him.

Vowed to end economic poverty—outlawed political parties, ended elections, became dictatorship.

At first Mussolini received praise from European countries, they soon regret this praise.

Had plans to form a new Roman Empire.

October 1935—invades Ethiopia, by 1936 Ethiopia was under Italian control.

Extreme nationalismIndividual liberties CRUSHED

State is paramountBring back the glory of ancient Rome through military conquest

Characteristics of Fascism in Italy

Adolf Hitler

Rise to Power

Something to ponder…

how does this little boy on the left became the man on the right who

was ultimately responsible for the death of about 50

million people all over the world!!

signature

Hitler’s Art

Military ServiceAdolf left Austria at the age of 24 to avoid

mandatory military service that was required of all men.

But he did sign up for military service at the start of WW

I. He joined a Bavarian unit of the German Army. This

is a picture of Hitler listening to

an enlistment speech.

World War IExcited to fight for

Germany.Found a home

fighting for the Fatherland.

Highest rank held was corporal.

Was a regimental messenger, not an easy job at all.

Military RecordWas awarded the Iron

Cross twice. (5 medals overall)

Highest military honor in German Army.

Single handedly captured 4 French soldiers.

Blinded by gas attack towards end of war.

German Loss in WW IHitler was devastated when he heard the

news of the German surrender.He was appalled at the anti-war sentiment

among the German civilians.Believed there was an anti-war conspiracy

that involved the Jews and Marxists.Also, felt that the German military did not

lose the war, but that the politicians (mostly Jews) at home were responsible for the defeat.

NAZI Party is FormedHitler began to think

big for the German Worker’s Party

Began placing ads for meetings in anti-Semitic newspapers

Hitler changed the name to National Socialist German Worker’s Party or the NAZIS

Party PlatformHitler drafted a

platform of 25 points

Revoke Versailles Treaty

Revoke civil rights of Jews

Confiscate any war profits

Besides changing the party name, the red flag with the

SWASTIKA was adopted as the party symbol

Beer Hall PutschOctober 30, 1923Hitler held a rally in

Munich beer hall and declared revolution

Led 2000 men in take over of Bavarian Government

It failed and Hitler was imprisoned

Trial and Jail•At his trial (Hitler was charged with treason), he used the opportunity to speak about the NAZI platform and spread his popularity.•The whole nation suddenly knew who Adolf Hitler was and what he stood for•He was sentenced to five years, but actually only served about 9 months•When he left prison, he was ready to go into action again.

Mein KampfHitler’s book “My

Struggle” - wrote while in jail

Sold 5 million copies, made him rich

Topics included: Jews were evil, Germans were superior race, Fuhrer principal, dislike of Communism and Democracy and need to conquer Russia

Appeal of HitlerGermany was in the midst of an

economic depression with hyper-inflation

Hitler was a WW I hero who talked about bringing glory back to the “Fatherland”

He promised the rich industrialists that he would end any communist threat in Germany

Constantly blamed Jews for Germany’s problems, not the German people.

Hitler was an excellent public speaker.

Strong Arm TacticsThe “Brownshirts” or

SA (Stormtroopers)SA was used to put

down opposition parties

Threatened and beat up Jews and ant-Nazi voters

Wore brownshirts, pants and boots

Numbered almost 400,000 by 1932

Absolute PowerGerman economy was

improving, people were happy

Hilter had not political opposition

1st concentration camp opened in 1933

Began rearming German Army for expansion of the Reich

Extreme nationalismTerritorial expansion to create “living space”

Civil Liberties abolishedForce used to eliminate opposition

Things to know – on Hitler / Nazism

Did you know:

The U.S. Navy will spend as much as $600,000 to modify the appearance of a barracks complex that resembles a swastika from the air .(Google Earth) http://abcnews.go.com/US/story?id=3654325

Jot down what you think might have been some of the reasons Hitler was able to come to power

Why were the people willing to believe what he had to offer?

Wow that was a lot

JapanWho is Next… Why Mr. TOJO

Japan: Emperor Hirohito1926-1989

Prime Minister Tōjō Hideki1941-1944

Japan Builds an Empire Early 20th century- Japan to

increases its sphere of influence.

a military dictatorship soon takes control of government.

With a booming population and Japan required more resources.

Manchurian Incident

Japan staged Chinese attack. Created a “puppet state”.Led to an invasion of China and a stalemate that lasted until 1939.

Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere– Japan’s plan to liberate Asia from Western Colonizers.

Extreme nationalismMilitary control of civilian government

Territorial expansion to obtain raw materials

Militarism under Tojo

Great Britain: Neville Chamberlain (1937-40)

•The Great Appeaser•Doesn’t want to go to war… gives in at every turn

Great Britain: Winston Churchill 1940-1945, 1951-1955

                                    

•Does not back down•Eventually leads Great Britain to Victory

United States: Franklin D. Roosevelt

Do we know this guy?•Yep Good Ole FDR•More on him later

Now for the events that eventually

lead to World War II

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The Treaty seemed to satisfy the "Big Three" overall.

• It made sure that Germany was too weak to start another European War, yet strong

enough to help stop the spread of Communism.

It kept the French border with Germany safe from future German attacks.

It created the League of Nations. This would help promote peace and trade throughout the

world.

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Germans hated the treaty, especially Article 231 which blamed them for starting the war.

Many Germans also thought the financial penalties that the treaty imposed upon their country and her people to be

immoral and unjust.

The German Government that had agreed to the treaty became known as the "November Criminals“.

Many German citizens felt that they were now being punished for the mistakes of the Kaiser and German government of

August 1914 who had started the war as well as the government of 1919 that had signed the treaty that brought

peace.

Great Britain and France were not in the financial security to provide more aid to the countries where the dictators rose… Remember…

Great DepressionNo resources to help the countries

Where is the Aid?

Early 1930s, Americans favored isolationism.

WHY???? Depression and bitter memories of WWI

Military Aggression Meets a Weak Response

No state has the right to intervene in the internal or external affairs of another

21 Nations signedUS encouraged Japan, Germany, and Italy to abide, but did not back words with actions

Good Neighbor policy - FDR

Example of blatant aggression 1931Japan seized ManchuriaThis gave Japan resources, isolated them from other countries

1932 – League of Nations said stop and Japan refused

Japan left the league

Militarists Expand Japan’s Empire

1937 – Japanese and Chinese forces clash outside Beijing (China’s capital)

Full-fledged wareJapan captured the city6 week rampage know as Rape of Nanjing

More aggression from Japan

Massacred 300,000 civiliansBrutally raped about 20,000 Chinese women

To Japanese – Chinese were not human they were subhuman

We will see that theme a lot

Rape of Nanjing

When the league does nothing to stop the Japanese, others take that as a sign to go

1933 – Germany pulls out of the league of nations

Violation of Treaty of Versailles

Dictators see this as a go…

1933 – begins rebuilding the military

1935 – formed an air force and the start of compulsory military service

Openly challenges France by sending troops into the Rhineland

Still the league did NOTHING

Germany ignores and moves forward

Who is going to win this fight?

Mussolini begins his quest to build a New Roman Empire

October 1935 invades Ethiopia – easy win

League puts mild sanctions on Italy… What happens if you don’t stop inappropriate behavior right away?

Think about you?

What about Italy?

Mussolini and Hitler joined a treaty of friendship known as the Rome-Berlin axis

Fascism begins to spread – Spanish Civil War Franco (militarist rebels) sought to overthrow the government – supported by Germany and Italy

1936

½ million people die in the 3 year war

Nationalist Franco wins and establish a right wing dictatorship…

What is happening people… quickly sum up your notes

Results of Spanish American war

What do you call when you give-in to keep the peace?

Great Britain and France

We call it…. APPEASEMENT

Encouraged by events in Italy and Spain and his own success in Rhineland, Hitler began his expansion plan

France and Great Britain do little to stop him

Does appeasing Hitler work?

Austria – unstable government – Germans march in and take over

Sudetenland of Czechoslovakia 1938.

France and Great Britain now stand up

Hitler sets sights on ….

Munich Pact

Chamberlain claims he achieved “peace with honor” and stated “I believe it is peace in our time.”

Churchill (the so to be British leader) disagreed “By this time next year we shall know whether the policy of appeasement has appeased, or whether it has only stimulated a more ferocious appetite.”

Munich Pact

Do we see the writing on the wall?

NOPE – we sign the neutrality acts – designed to keep us out of the war.

FDR devotes a lot energy to promote peace urging countries to get along… does this work?

What about America?

So the Munich Pact fails within the first 6 months…

Hitler breaks the pact by invading all of Czechoslovakia and seizing control of Prague

So France and Great Britain finally draw a line in the sand… any further attacks and WAR… oh boy

Hitler Plunges Europe into War

They sign a non-aggression pactThey hate each other – so how long do you think this pact will last?

The German-Soviet Nonaggression Pact, signed in August 1939

Helped protect both for now… however, Hitler planned to attack… he needed the land

Hitler and Stalin

Germany attacks Poland September 1, 1939

2 days later, France and Great Britain – the Allied Powers- declared war

War begins

Germany and USSR forces meet and by October they have control over the country

Poland Collapses

Lightening fast warBomb railroads, airfields, communication networks, military bases, and other strategic sites.

First Poland, then Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg

Blitzkrieg

Denmark, Norway… then Hitler aims for France

Happens very fast

Next to fall

Remember him – well now he declared war on France and Britain

Italy and Germany become the Axis powers

June 22nd – France surrendered to Germany

Mussolini

Britain, now lead by Churchill, stood alone against the AXIS powers.

Hitler wanted Britain… Britain proved to a tough advocate

Britain alone in the fight

From September 1940 to the Spring of 1941 – Germany tried. They bombed cities, airports and other such things, but the British successfully defended their homeland… suddenly there was a new hope… wait is hope powerful?

Germany attacked

Isolated from the war… however FDR knew differently. Hitler was evil

Hitler sought alliance with US – but that was a no go

Americans still want to be….

September 1940 – Japan enters the Axis powers… now if the US joined the war they would have to fight a two front war

From west and eastHitler hopped this would keep US out the war.

The Tripartite Pact

Lend- Lease ActBasically give supplies to Allies lend them arms to Britain and to the Soviets…

I am going to give you something you are going to use in war… do you think I would get it back? Nope

Roosevelt had other plans

December 7, 1941 – Japan attacks Pearl Harbor

The US was a united front going into war – better watch out

All that changes

SOAPS!!!