organic salt anylysis

7/26/2019 Organic Salt Anylysis

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Test or Organic

ompoun s

TEST FOR UNSATURATION

1.BROMINE WATER

TEST

OC/OS + bromine water[drop

by drop] gives decolourisation

2.BAYERS TEST

OS + potassium

permanganate + sodiumcarbonate gives

decolourisarion

NOTE

Both of the above test need to be

confirmed for presence of

unsaturation

TEST FOR CARBONYL GROUP

1.NaHSO3 TEST

OS + NaHSO3 gives

effervences of CO2

2.2,4-DNP TEST

OS + 2,4-DNP gives orange

red colour

TEST FOR R OH [ALCOHOLS]

1.CERIC AMMONIUM

NITRATE TEST

OS + ceric ammonium nitrate

[limited amount] gives red

colour

2.IODOFORM TEST

OS + aq.KI + freshly

prepared NaOCl on heating

gives yello crystals

3.LUCAS TEST

OS + zinc chloride +

concentrated HCl if turbidity

formed

1-

immediately then 3 degree

alcohol

2- on 1 to 5 minutes then 2

degree alcohol

3-

on heating then 1 degree

alcohol

TEST FOR Ar OH

1.

FERRIC CHLORIDE

TEST

OS + ferric chloride solution

[drop by drop] gives blue,

green, violet or red colour

2.PHTHALEIN DYE TEST

OC + phthalic anhydride +

conc. H2SO4 [2 to 3 drops].

Heat the mixture in oil bath.let it cool then add it to dil

sodium hydroxide solution

gives pink, blue, green or red

colour.


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TEST FOR R HO [ALDEHYDES]

1.SCHIFFS TEST

OS + schiffs reagent [2 to 3

drops] gives pink colour2.FEHLINGS TEST

fehlings reagent = fehlings A

+ fehlings B

= aq.CuSO4

+ sodium pottasium tartarate

OC + fehlings reagent on

heating gives reddish brown

ppt3.TOLLENS TEST

preperation of tollens

reagent

first add few drops of sodium

hydroxide to freshly prepared

silver nitrate solution. black

coloured solution will form of

silver oxide.then add

ammonium hydroxide

dropwise till black colour

dissolves.

OS + tollens reagent on

heating in water bath gives

silver mirror.

4.BENEDICTS TEST

OS + benedicts reagent on

heating in water bath gives

orange red ppt.

TEST FOR FOR R COOH

[CAROXYLIC ACID]

1.LITMUS TEST

OS + wet blue litmus paper

gives red colour

2.SODIUM

HYDROGENCARBONA

TE TEST

Aq.NaHCO3 sol + OS gives

brisk efferevences of CO2

3.ESTER TEST

OC + metahnol or ethanol +

2-3 drops of con. sulphuric

acid and heat it in water bath

and let it cool. Sweet smell

indicates presence ofCOOH

TEST FOR FOR

NH2 [ AMINO

GROUP]

1.CARBYLAMINE TEST

both AR- and R- gives this

test

OC + chloroform on heating

with base gives foul smell

2.

SOLUBILITY TEST

OC + dil.HCl if compund

dissolves test is confirmed

3.AZO DYE TEST

OC + dil.HCl + sodium

nitrate and keep it in ice

in other test tube tahe napthol

+ dil.NaOH

mix both testube scarlet red

dye confirms presence.

OTH R T STS


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1.IODOFORM TEST

only methyl ketone and

aldehydes having atleast one

methyl group linked to

carbonyl group give positive

results

OC + dil.NaOH + iodine

forms pale yello ppt

PURIFICATION OF MIXTURE

OF ALDEHYDS OR KETONES

WITH NON CARBONYL

GROUP COMPUNDS

On adding NaHSO3 to the

mixture if white solid is formed

then indicates presence of aldehyde

or ketone and filter solid

constituent and add conc.HCl to it

to gain back original compound


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organic salt anylysis

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