Organic Rankine Cycle Technology

Heat Recovery Applications

Biomass Applications

Geothermal Applications

Solar Thermal Applications

Aftermarket Services

About Us

Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) Technology & Applications

ORC Main Components

Available ORC Models

Heat Recovery Applications

Biomass Applications

Geothermal Applications

Solar Thermal Applications

Aftermarket Services

Performance Data

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About UsMitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd.Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. (MHI), a diversified Fortune “Global 150”company with more than $30 billion in annual revenues and 40,000 employees worldwide. MHI is an international leader in the design and supplyof energy, aerospace, machinery, transportation, and environmental systemsand equipment.

PW Power SystemsPW Power Systems, Inc. (PWPS) formerly Pratt & Whitney® Power Systems, now a subsidiary of Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. is committed to providingclean, efficient, and reliable power within the renewable energy market. PWPShas a vast array of product lines and services, including industrial gas turbineengines, aftermarket services and repairs, and Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC)technology. Its ORC product line harnesses heat from a variety of sources,including biomass, geothermal, solar thermal, and industrial waste heat, togenerate electricity.

PW Power Systems is a world leader in developing and manufacturing energysolutions for power generation, transportation, and mechanical-driveapplications. We are committed to providing high-quality solutions for thedistributed energy market that increase energy productivity, energy reliability,and operational savings for our customers.

Turboden®, a PWPS subsidiary, is a leading ORC manufacturer based in Italywith more than 30 years of experience. Turboden® was founded in 1980 inMilan by Mario Gaia, former professor of energy at the Polytechnic of Milan.Today, Turboden® focuses its activity on the design and the production of ORCsystems for distributed generation in renewable energy applications andindustrial heat recovery.

PW Power Systems™ expertise in Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) technology is proven in the design,manufacture, installation, and maintenance of more than 300 ORC units around the world. OurORC turbogenerators utilize heat from several sources, including biomass, industrial processes,reciprocating engines, gas turbines, geothermal, and solar thermal plants. Electric power outputranges between 1 MW and 10 MW.

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Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) Technology & Applications

Heat RecoveryORC units produce electricity by recovering heat from sources

such as industrial processes, reciprocating engines, and gas turbines.

BiomassORC units allow simple and efficient generation of electric

power and heat from biomass.

GeothermalORC units can produce electricity from geothermal resources

with medium-to-low-temperatures, generally rangingbetween 195° F - 355° F (90° C - 180° C).

Solar Thermal PowerConcentrating solar power systems with Turboden®

ORC units allow conversion of heat harnessed by solar collectors into electricity through an efficient

thermodynamic cycle.

Electric Power

Heat

Applications:

Advantage of Turboden®

ORC Turbogenerators

Technical Advantages• High cycle efficiency

• Very high turbine efficiency

• Low turbine mechanical stress due to low peripheral speed

• Low turbine rpm, allowing the direct drive of the electric generator without gear reduction in many applications

• No erosion of blades, thanks to the absence of moisture in the vapor nozzles

• No water consumed

Operational Advantages• Simple start-stop procedures

• Automatic and continuous operation

• No operator attendance needed

• Quiet operation

• High availability (typically 98%)

• Partial load operation down to 10% of nominal power

• High efficiency at partial load

• Lower maintenance cost

• Long life

Thermodynamic Principle behind the Organic Rankine CycleORC technology is similar to a traditional steam turbine, but with asingle, important difference. Instead of using water vapor, the ORCsystem vaporizes a high-molecular-mass organic fluid, resulting inexcellent electric performance and several key advantages: slowerturbine rotation, lower pressure, and no erosion of metallic partsand blades. The ORC unit is preassembled onto one or more skidsand can be easily transported.

The ORC turbogenerator uses medium-to-high-temperaturethermal oil to preheat and vaporize a suitable organic working fluidin the evaporator (8,3,4). The organic fluid vapor rotates the turbine(4,5), which is directly coupled to the electric generator, resulting inclean, reliable electric power.

The exhaust vapor flows through the regenerator (5-9), where itheats the organic liquid (2,8) and is then condensed in thecondenser and cooled by the cooling circuit (9,6,1). The organicworking fluid is then pumped (1,2) into the regenerator andevaporator, thus completing the closed-cycle operation.

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High-Molecular-Mass Organic Fluid

Very large flow rate

Larger-diameterturbine

No wear of bladesand metal parts

Small, fast-movingmolecules

Erosion of blades and metal parts

Multistage turbine andhigh mechanical stress

Water

Why a High-Molecular-Mass Working Fluid Instead of Water?

Electric Power

Turbine

Generator

Regenerator

Condenser

Pump

Water

Thermal Oil

Evaporator

Thermal Oil

Water

Tem

pera

ture

Entropy

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Electric CubiclesFeed Pump

ORC TurbineCondenser-Regenerator

Evaporator

Electric Generator

Preheater

ORC HeatInput

(Thermal Oil)

ORC HeatOutput

(Hot Water)

“The power plant modules are preassembledand prequalified to facilitate ease ofinstallation and startup. Each containsstandardized components designed andintegrated according to proven processes to ensure high quality.”

ORC Main Components

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100% Thermal Powerfrom Thermal Oil

HRS HR CHP

ORC Unit

Available ORC Models

26%

24%

22%

20%

18%

16%

14%

12%

15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65

Design Point

Water Outlet Temperature from Condenser (°C)

Gros

s El

ectri

c Ef

ficie

ncy100%

90%

80%

70%

60%

50%

40%

30%0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1

ORC

Actu

al E

ffici

ency

/ OR

C No

min

al E

ffici

ency

Actual Load / Nominal Load

ORC Partial Load EfficiencyPartial load operation down to 10% of nominal load. Maintains 90% of the cycle efficiency down to 50% loading.

Cooling Water Temperature Effect on Cycle Efficiency

24%

2%

20%

2%

78%

20%

2%

78%74%Heat Output

Electric Output

Thermal Losses

HRS: Electric-Only, High-Efficiency Units

HR: Electric-Only, Standard-Efficiency Units

CHP: Combined Heat & Power Units

ORC products are configured for either electricity-onlyapplications where heat sources are captured to produceelectric power or combined heat and power (CHP)applications that produce both electricity and hot waterfor use as space or industrial process heating.

“Even with variable flow rates or slightfluctuations in temperature, the ORCcontinues to operate down to 10% ofnominal power. This is a significantadvantage over steam turbines.”

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Heat Recovery ApplicationsTurboden® ORC units can produce electricity by recovering heat fromindustrial processes, reciprocating engines, and gas turbines. The electricpower range in heat recovery applications is generally from 1 MW to 10 MW.

Capable of utilizing a wide range of temperatures, an ORC power plantproduces reliable electricity from a variety of heat sources. The electricity isoften available 24/7 and without the need for additional fuel expense.

Example of ORC Waste Heat to Power Applications

Electric Power Output

Sources of Waste Heat

(Reciprocating Engine and GasTurbine Exhaust, Cement, Steel,

Glass Industries, Etc.) Heat Carrying Loop

External HeatExchanger

Air Cooler orCooling Towers

Typical ApplicationsGas Liquid Steam/Vapor

Cement •

Glass •

Oil & Gas • • •

Chemicals • • •

Steel / Nonferrous • • •

Pulp & Paper •

Food • •

Waste Treatment • • •

Thermal Oxidizers •

Power Generation • • •

“PW Power Systems™/Turboden® ORC units can recoverenergy from relatively low-to-moderate-temperatureheat sources with excellent efficiency. HR units offer upto 20% efficiency and HRS units up to 25% efficiency. In gas turbine/engine heat recovery applications, theoverall efficiency of the combined system can besignificantly increased.”

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Electric PowerOutput

Biomass Power Boiler

(Sawdust, Wood Chips, Bark, Rice Husks,Dried Sewage, Sludge, Straw, Etc.)

Thermal Oil Loop

District Heating

Drying

Refrigeration

Heat Sink

Biomass ApplicationsApplications• District heating networks

• Timber drying in sawmills

• Sawdust drying in wood pellet factories

• Air preheating in MDF factories

• Greenhouses, swimming pools, hot springs

• Refrigeration

Fuels• Wood biomass: sawdust, wood chips, bark, treated wood

• Other biomass: dried sewage sludge, straw, green cuttings, rice husks, etc.

• Waste material

Biomass is an extremely important renewable energy source, available nearly everywhere.It can be stored for a long time and is often economically viable. Biomass is best utilizedin combined heat and power plants, particularly when the power system is built near theheat consumer.

CHP Units for Cogeneration from Biomass

Cogeneration plants with Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) products produce both heat andelectrical power from biomass efficiently and in a user-friendly manner. The generatedpower ranges between 1 MW and 3 MW. ORC split systems allow maximization ofelectric power production for a given biomass consumption due to a more efficientutilization of thermal power from the boiler, while nonsplit systems maximize electricalefficiency. ORC units can be fed by thermal oil, saturated vapor, or superheated water.

HRS Units for Electricity Generation from Biomass

Turboden® has developed new models of HRS ORC units capable of high electricalefficiency. HRS models can operate both in dis si pa tive condition, maximizing theelectrical output, and in cogeneration mode, with the ability to provide heat with watertemperature up to 140° F (60° C) while adjusting for se a so nal thermal load andmaximizing the utilization of the biomass. The ORC units can be fed by thermal oil orsaturated vapor. Sizes range from 1 MW to 7 MW for a single unit.

Example of a CHP ORC in Biomass Applications

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Geothermal ApplicationsORC Turbogenerators for Geothermal Heat Sources

Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) turbogenerators are designed togenerate electric power efficiently from low-medium-enthalpygeothermal sources with water temperatures ranging between 195° F - 355° F (91° C -180° C).

PWPS™/Turboden® ORC units offer an excellent solution for newlydiscovered geothermal resources or bottoming of existing flashsteam facilities.

“Due to the relatively low vapor point andnoncorrosive properties of the organic working fluid,the turbine operates under lower pressures, lowerperipheral speeds, and no erosion of turbine blades.”

Key Features and Benefits• Hot water resource between 195° F - 355° F (91° C - 180° C)

• Size from 3 MW to 10 MW

• Scalable for larger plants

• High cycle efficiency

• Enhanced cycle efficiency with two-level cycles

• Low O&M requirements

• Wide range of working fluids can be used

• Simple and unattended operation

• EPC capability

• Brine and steam bottoming cycles to flash steam plants

Example of ORC Plant in Geothermal Applications

Geothermal Heat Source

ElectricPower

Thermal User (If Required)

Cooling

Water Condenser Cooling Tower Air Cooler

Air Condenser-EvaporativeCondenser

Low-Temperature- Heat User

River/Sea Water

* Multiple cooling sources can be used.

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Solar Thermal ApplicationsORC Units for Electric Power Generation from Solar Energy

ORC units convert the heat collected by solar concentrators into electricitythrough an efficient thermodynamic cycle. Concentrating solar power (CSP)systems along with our Organic Rankine Cycle units improve cost-effectivenessof power-generation systems in the range between 1 MW and 10 MW.

“ORC power plants can produce electricity withoutany fossil-fuel consumption, hence, without theproduction of any greenhouse gas, NOx, SOx, carbonmonoxide, or any other undesirable pollutant.”

Key Features and Benefits• High flexibility

• Lower operating temperatures

• Lower solar collector costs

• Higher solar collector performance

• Scalable for larger plants

• Use of low-cost, nonhazardous heat carrier fluid both in the collector field and in energy storage systems

• Simple and unattended operation

• Reduced investment costs

• Simplified permit and authorization process

Example of ORC Solar Thermal Power Applications

Electric Power

Cooling System

Thermal User

Collector Field *Thermal Storage

*Optional

*Additional Source

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Maintenance PlansRMS Standard Premium

Automated remote monitoring 24/7/365 • • •

Real-time data views • • •

Alarm notification • • •

Standard business hours CSM • • •

Extended business hours CSM • •

Annual PM • •

Software upgrades • •

Dedicated CSM •

Unplanned maintenance •

Troubleshooting assistance •

Emergency advisory support •

Notes:RMS – Remote monitoring serviceCSM – Customer service managerPM – Preventive maintenance

Aftermarket ServicesA Service Plan to Meet Your NeedsMitsubishi Heavy Industries, ltd. is a name the industry knows andtrusts. PW Power Systems™ Aftermarket Services offers a completeportfolio of services that can be tailored to meet your needs,anywhere in the world. From simple preventative maintenance to comprehensive service agreements, PWPS gives you reliable, on-time services.

Our integrated, flexible network can respond with part repair, site maintenance services, spare-part sales, and remote monitoringservices to reduce operating risk, maximize equipment availability,and minimize overall lifecycle costs. Our goal is to maximizecustomer asset value through peak power plant reliability and availability.

PW Power Systems provides around-the-clock monitoring via ourremote monitoring service. Our customized system providescapabilities for data trending and reporting, alerting the operatorabout power plant issues, and performing advanced diagnosticsand troubleshooting. With our strong technical team, this all leadsto rapid identification and resolution of issues to keep the powerplant running at its best.

“An ORC power plant is automaticallycontrolled and does not require continuousoperator presence. Typically, three to five hours of weekly operation and maintenance are required, primarily to validate operationalparameters. The plant can be remotely monitoredand does not divert significant manpower awayfrom the mission of the enterprise.”

Additional Aftermarket Services• Customer training

• Spare part sales

• Technical support and administration

• Contracted maintenance service

Performance Data

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Standard Sizes and Typical Performance

Combined Heat & Power Units

TD 10 CHP TD 14 CHP TD 18 CHP TD 22 CHP TD 30 CHP

Input –Thermal Oil

Nominal temperature “HT” loop (in/out) °C 300/240 300/240 300/240 300/240 310/231

Overall thermal power input kW 5140 6715 9790 12020 17571

Nominal temperature “HT” loop (in/out) °F 572/464 572/464 572/464 572/464 590/448

Overall thermal power input MMBtu/hr 17.54 22.91 33.40 41.01 59.95

Output – Hot Water

Hot water temperature (in/out) °C 60/80 60/80 60/90 60/90 65/95

Thermal power to hot water circuit kW 4081 5313 7834 9601 14499

Hot water temperature (in/out) °F 140/176 140/176 140/194 140/194 149/203

Thermal power to hot water circuit MMBtu/hr 13.92 18.13 26.73 32.76 49.47

Performance

Gross active electric power kW 1016 1339 1863 2304 3143

Gross electric efficiency** 19.8% 19.9% 19.0% 19.2% 17.9%

Captive power consumption 48 58 79 97 197

Net active electric power** kW 968 1281 1784 2207 2946

Net electric efficiency 18.8% 19.1% 18.2% 18.4% 16.8%

Electric generator* 50Hz, 400V 50Hz, 400V 50Hz, 660V 50Hz, 660V 50Hz, 6kV

60Hz, 480V 60Hz, 480V 60Hz, 4160V 60Hz, 4160V 60Hz, 4160V

Note: Performance data is indicative only. Actual performance is dependent upon and can be optimized for specific project conditions.

* Induction or synchronous, higher voltage available upon request. If reduction gear is required, efficiency is reduced about 1.5%.

** Ratio between electric power output and thermal power input. Electric efficiency depends on several factors, primarily heating and cooling source temperatures and thermal media.

Our sales specialists will support you to develop optimized solutions, evaluating specific heat source features (thermal oil, steam,pressurized water, exhaust gas) and cooling devices (dry/wet water loops, CHP, air condensing).

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Standard Sizes and Typical Performance

High-Efficiency Units

Note: Performance data is indicative only. Actual performance is dependent upon and can be optimized for specific project conditions.

* Induction or synchronous, high voltage available upon request. If reduction gear is required, efficiency is reduced about 1.5%.

** Ratio between electric power output and thermal power input. Electric efficiency depends on several factors, primarily heating and cooling source temperatures and thermal media.

Our sales specialists will support you to develop optimized solutions, evaluating specific heat source features (thermal oil, steam, pressurized water,exhaust gas) and cooling devices (dry/wet water loops, CHP, air condensing).

TD 12 HRS TD 24 HRS TD 32 HRS TD 55 HRS TD 65 HRS

Input – Thermal Oil

Nominal temperature (in/out) °C 305/206 310/212 310/214 300/184 315/190

Thermal power input kW 4817 9634 13075 22500 25376

Nominal temperature (in/out) °F 581/403 590/414 590/417 572/363 600/375

Thermal power input MMBtu/hr 16.44 32.87 44.61 76.84 86.67

Output – Hot Water

Cooling water temperature (in/out) °C 25/35 24/37 25/40 32/42 24/34

Thermal power to cooling water circuit kW 3632 7310 9897 16900 18968

Cooling water temperature (in/out) °F 77/95 75/99 77/104 90/108 75/93

Thermal power to cooling water circuit MMBtu/hr 12.39 24.94 33.77 57.71 64.78

Performance

Gross electric power kW 1188 2336 3193 5700 6348

Gross electric efficiency** 24.7% 24.2% 24.4% 25.3% 25.0%

Captive power consumption kW 49 92 125 250 348

Net active electric power output kW 1139 2244 3067 5450 6000

Net electric efficiency** 23.6% 23.3% 23.5% 24.2% 23.6%

Electric generator* 50Hz, 400V 50Hz, 6kV 50Hz, 6kV 50Hz, 6kV 50Hz, 6kV

60Hz, 480V 60Hz, 4160V 60Hz, 4160V 60Hz, 4160V 60Hz, 4160V

Performance Data

Typical Range of Operation and Performances

Heat Recovery Units

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Note: Performance data is indicative only. Actual performance is dependent upon and can be optimized for specific project conditions.

* Turboden® units up to TD 40 HR can be equipped with the “Split System,” a heat exchanger allowing additional low-temperature heat recovery to increase the power production. The “Split System” heat exchanger may use thermal oil / pressurized water as heat transfer fluid.

** Cooling water temperatures are selected taking into account specific site requirements; e.g., average air temperature, water availability (to use either dry or wet heat dissipation system), possibility of CHP mode (in specific cases water up to 90° C can be generated by the ORC).

*** Ratio between electric power output and thermal power input. Electric efficiency depends on several factors, primarily heating and cooling source temperatures and thermal media.

**** Induction or synchronous, high voltage available upon request. If reduction gear is required, efficiency is reduced about 1.5%.

Our sales specialists will support you to develop optimized solutions, evaluating specific heat source features (thermal oil, steam, pressurized water, exhaust gas) and cooling devices (dry/wet water loops, CHP, air condensing).

TD 10 to 14 HR TD 18 to 24 HR TD 27 to 40 HR TD 50 to 100 HRRange of Reference Case Range of Reference Case Range of Reference Case Range of Reference Case Operation TD 10 HR Operation TD 22 HR Split Operation TD 40 HR Split Operation TD 100 HR

Input* – Thermal Oil

Thermal oil inlet temperature °C 240-310 290 240-310 285 250-315 315 240-310 280

Thermal oil outlet temperature °C 170-120 145 170-120 120 170-120 130 150-110 140

Thermal power input MW 5.0-7.0 5.54 8.0-12.0 11.21 13.0-22.0 21.4 24.0-50.0 49.8

Thermal oil inlet temperature °F 464-590 554 464-590 545 482-599 599 464-590 536

Thermal oil outlet temperature °F 338-248 293 338-248 248 338-248 266 302-230 284

Thermal power input MMBtu/hr 17.06-23.88 18.90 27.30-40.95 38.25 44.36-75.07 73.02 81.89-170.61 169.92

Output** – Cooling Water

Typical cooling water

temperature (in/out) °C 25/35 26/38 25/40 22/40 20/45 22/54 25/40 32/47

Thermal power to condenser MW 4.0-5.0 4.4 6.0-9.5 9.0 10.0-17.5 17.2 19.2-40.0 39.4

Typical cooling water

temperature (in/out) °F 77/95 79/100 77/104 72/104 68/113 72/129 77/104 90/117

Thermal power to condenser MMBtu/hr 13.65-17.06 15.01 20.47-32.42 30.71 34.12-59.71 58.69 65.51-136.49 134.4

Performance

Gross electric power kW 900-1600 1108 1700-2500 2120 2600-4500 4000 4800-10500 10400

Gross electric efficiency*** 17-20% 20% 17-22% 19% 17-21% 19% 17-22% 21%

Captive power consumption kW 36-70 46 60-100 80 100-200 200 200-800 780

Net active electric power output kW 850-1550 1062 1650-2400 2040 2500-4000 3800 4500-9800

9620

Net electric efficiency*** 16-21% 19% 16-21% 18% 16-20% 18% 16-21% 19%

Electric generator**** 50Hz, 400V 50Hz, 400V 50Hz, 660V 50Hz, 660V 50Hz, 6kV 50Hz, 6kV 50Hz, 6kV 50Hz, 6kV

60Hz, 480V 60Hz, 480V 60Hz, 4160V 60Hz, 4160V 60Hz, 4160V 60Hz, 4160V 60Hz, 4160V 60Hz, 4160V

Cooling systems Closed-loop water cooling or wet tower Closed-loop water cooling or wet tower Closed-loop water cooling or wet tower Wet tower or air condenser

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Copyright © 2013 PW Power Systems, Inc.

PW is a trademark of United Technologies Corporation. Used with permission. Pratt & Whitney is a trademark of United Technologies Corporation. Used with permission.

PW Power Systems, Inc.628 Hebron Avenue, Suite 400Glastonbury, CT 06033

1-866-PowerAll (1-866-769-3725)

www.pwps.com PS-S00375/2013

Turbodenvia Cernaia, 1025124 Brescia, Italy

+39.030.3552.001Fax: +39.030.3552.011

www.turboden.com