oregon department of transportation emergency response training class gary bowling, oregon dot...

Oregon Department of Transportation

Emergency Response Emergency Response Training ClassTraining Class

Gary Bowling, Oregon DOTGary Bowling, Oregon DOT

Bridge Engineering SectionBridge Engineering Section


PresentationPresentation

PurposePurpose

Bridge ComponentsBridge Components

Preparation for the InspectionPreparation for the Inspection

Performing the inspectionPerforming the inspection

Reporting the resultsReporting the results


PurposePurpose

Make some ordered sense of the chaos and Make some ordered sense of the chaos and provide you with a clear understanding of how provide you with a clear understanding of how you fit into the big picture.you fit into the big picture.

Maximize the use of available personnel.Maximize the use of available personnel.

Minimize duplication of effort.Minimize duplication of effort.


PurposePurpose

Minimize Confusing and Conflicting Reports.Minimize Confusing and Conflicting Reports.

Provide an accurate accounting of the condition of Provide an accurate accounting of the condition of the bridges under your jurisdiction.the bridges under your jurisdiction.

Bottom line: Insure the safety of the driving Bottom line: Insure the safety of the driving public.public.


Major Bridge ComponentsMajor Bridge Components


Major Bridge ComponentsMajor Bridge Components

DeckDeck

SuperstructureSuperstructure

SubstructureSubstructure

FoundationFoundation

UtilitiesUtilities


Bridge ComponentsBridge Components

Deck

Superstructure

Substructure

Railing

Girders

Cap

Columns

Foundation


DeckDeck

The deck carries the roadway / sidewalk.The deck carries the roadway / sidewalk.

The deck is supported by the superstructure.The deck is supported by the superstructure.

Transfers vehicular loads to the superstructure.Transfers vehicular loads to the superstructure.


DeckDeck



Superstructure members transfer traffic Superstructure members transfer traffic loads from the deck to the substructure.loads from the deck to the substructure.

Superstructure members can be exposed Superstructure members can be exposed to tension, compression, and bending to tension, compression, and bending forces.forces.



Superstructure


SubstructureSubstructure The substructure transfers loads from The substructure transfers loads from

the superstructure to the foundation the superstructure to the foundation material.material.

The substructure is generally exposed to The substructure is generally exposed to axial compressive forces.axial compressive forces.

Can be supported by spread footings or Can be supported by spread footings or piling.piling.


SubstructureSubstructure

Substructure


FoundationFoundation

Foundation


Major Bridge ComponentsMajor Bridge Components(Utilities - APWA Color Code)(Utilities - APWA Color Code)

ElectricalElectrical GasGas CommunicationCommunication Potable WaterPotable Water IrrigationIrrigation SewerSewer

Company & Phone No.

Company & Phone No.

Company & Phone No.

Company & Phone No.

Company & Phone No.

Company & Phone No.

Red

Yellow

Orange

Blue

Purple

Green


UtilitiesUtilities

Sewer Line


Bridge NomenclatureBridge Nomenclature

Describing where the problem is?


Rules of Orientation and Rules of Orientation and member numberingmember numbering

Look ahead at increasing milepost or city Look ahead at increasing milepost or city street addresses.street addresses.

All bridge items are numbered in All bridge items are numbered in consecutive order from the leading end of consecutive order from the leading end of the bridge and left to right.the bridge and left to right.



BentBent - a substructure unit that supports the - a substructure unit that supports the superstructure of a bridge and is supported superstructure of a bridge and is supported by the foundation. by the foundation.

BentsBents are numbered consecutively in the are numbered consecutively in the same direction as increasing highway same direction as increasing highway mileposts, or city street addresses.mileposts, or city street addresses.


Bent 3

Bent 4


Bridge NomenclatureBridge Nomenclature SpanSpan - portion of the bridge superstructure - portion of the bridge superstructure

that is located between two bents.that is located between two bents.

SpansSpans are numbered numerically, in are numbered numerically, in consecutive order, in the same direction consecutive order, in the same direction as increasing highway mileposts, or city as increasing highway mileposts, or city street addresses.street addresses.



Increasing Mileposts

Span 9Span 11


Bridge NomenclatureBridge Nomenclature Superstructure MembersSuperstructure Members can be timber, can be timber,

steel or concrete.steel or concrete.

Superstructure MembersSuperstructure Members are numbered are numbered numerically, in consecutive order, from left numerically, in consecutive order, from left to right, while looking ahead, on line, at to right, while looking ahead, on line, at increasing mileposts, or city street increasing mileposts, or city street addresses.addresses.


Span 3Girder 1

Span 3Girder 2

Span 3Girder 3


Bridge NomenclatureBridge Nomenclature Substructure MembersSubstructure Members can be steel, can be steel,

concrete or timber.concrete or timber.

Substructure MembersSubstructure Members are number are number numerically, in consecutive order, from left numerically, in consecutive order, from left to right, when looking ahead, on line, at to right, when looking ahead, on line, at increasing mileposts or city streets.increasing mileposts or city streets.


Bent 3, Column 4

Bent 3, Column 5


Bridge NomenclatureBridge Nomenclature When the structure has Intermediate When the structure has Intermediate

Spans or Columns that are founded on Spans or Columns that are founded on larger spans.larger spans.

The columns/spans are numbered The columns/spans are numbered consecutively, with the bent/span consecutively, with the bent/span number along with an alphabetical number along with an alphabetical letter.letter.

Commonly occurs on an arch span.Commonly occurs on an arch span.


Span 5

Span 5A Span 5B

Bent 5AColumn 4

Bent 5BColumn 4


Bridge NomenclatureBridge Nomenclature A TrussA Truss is a structure that is made up of is a structure that is made up of

individual members that are arranged and individual members that are arranged and connected, in triangular patterns, to create a connected, in triangular patterns, to create a long span.long span.

A Truss is made up of at least two chords, an A Truss is made up of at least two chords, an upper chordupper chord and a and a lower chordlower chord..

Truss Panel PointsTruss Panel Points - are located on the chords - are located on the chords where two or more truss members are where two or more truss members are connected.connected.


Upper Chord

Lower ChordPanel PointL0


Bridge NomenclatureBridge Nomenclature Panel pointsPanel points are numbered consecutively, in are numbered consecutively, in

the same direction as the designated bent or the same direction as the designated bent or span, starting with “0”, along with an span, starting with “0”, along with an identifier to show whether the panel point is identifier to show whether the panel point is on the upper chord, lower chord, an on the upper chord, lower chord, an intermediate point, intermediate point, andand whether it is on the whether it is on the left or right truss.left or right truss.

Truss Members are identified by using two Truss Members are identified by using two panel point designations.panel point designations.


L5R

U6R

U8RL9R

L12RU13R

Increasing Mileposts

Bridge MechanicsBridge Mechanics



Load PathsLoad Paths

Bending, Tension, and CompressionBending, Tension, and Compression


Load Paths



Compression Tension (Tension)

(Compression)

Bending


Deck is in bending

Girders are in bending

Cap is in bending

Columns are in compression



Visualize a rope

hanging from two

panel points.

Members in Tension will

be much thinner in

section.

Members in compression will be much

thicker members.


Properties of Bridge Properties of Bridge MaterialsMaterials

Design CriteriaDesign Criteria - Seismic forces that develop - Seismic forces that develop during the vibratory response of a structure to during the vibratory response of a structure to earthquake ground shaking at its foundation earthquake ground shaking at its foundation are inertia forces whose intensity depends on are inertia forces whose intensity depends on the product of the mass and acceleration.the product of the mass and acceleration.

(Force = Mass of the bridge X Ground (Force = Mass of the bridge X Ground Acceleration)Acceleration)


Properties of Bridge Properties of Bridge MaterialsMaterials(Timber)(Timber)

If the structure is provided with proper lateral If the structure is provided with proper lateral bracing and all of the components are adequately bracing and all of the components are adequately tied together, timber is one of the more efficient tied together, timber is one of the more efficient earthquake resistant materials for low-rise earthquake resistant materials for low-rise structures.structures.

Timber is a very resilient material.Timber is a very resilient material.



(Reinforced Concrete)(Reinforced Concrete) Even though Reinforced Concrete tends to be Even though Reinforced Concrete tends to be

very massive, it can be used effectively if it is very massive, it can be used effectively if it is properly reinforced.properly reinforced.

The proper amount of steel reinforcement and The proper amount of steel reinforcement and correct detailing plays a very important role in correct detailing plays a very important role in the seismic response of the structure.the seismic response of the structure.


Typical Reinforced Concrete Typical Reinforced Concrete GirderGirder

Primary Steel Reinforcement

Rebar Stirrups


Reinforced Concrete SectionReinforced Concrete Section


Typical Pre-stress Concrete Girder

Prestressing Strands or Post-tensioning

ConduitsPrestress Strand

Jacking Load+ 160,000 psi



(Steel)(Steel) Because of its high strength per unit weight, Because of its high strength per unit weight,

Structural Steel members are usually very Structural Steel members are usually very slender. Thus buckling becomes a serious slender. Thus buckling becomes a serious problem.problem.

Member Connections can also be a problem for Member Connections can also be a problem for steel structures.steel structures.


Typical Structural Steel Typical Structural Steel SectionsSections

Web

Flange


Structural Steel MembersStructural Steel Members


Preparing for the InspectionPreparing for the Inspection


Employee Safety and Employee Safety and EquipmentEquipment

ODOT is committed to a safe and healthy ODOT is committed to a safe and healthy workplace through prevention, equipment workplace through prevention, equipment maintenance, education, training and maintenance, education, training and compliance with all state and federal compliance with all state and federal regulations.regulations.


Job Safety Analysis (JSA)Job Safety Analysis (JSA)

Dissect the job into sequential steps.Dissect the job into sequential steps.

Identify the potential hazards of each step.Identify the potential hazards of each step.

Specify how each hazard will be mitigated.Specify how each hazard will be mitigated.

Follow the game plan.Follow the game plan.


Job Safety Analysis (JSA)Job Safety Analysis (JSA)Sequence of Job

Steps Potential Hazards Recommended

Procedures

Step 1: WorkingAlone (not in directcontact with others)

Struck by vehicle,Tripping, Slipping,Falling, Caught on orin Hazard, ConfinedSpace, Exposure totoxic Elements,Exposure to extremetemperatures, andtransients.

Don’t work alone.Follow ODOTWorking AlongGuideline: establish

communication net establish check-in

time acknowledge

completion




Procedures

Step 2: TrafficControl

Struck by vehicle,Creating trafficcongestion,Presenting hazard totraffic, tripping,slipping, falling.

Match traffic planwith site conditions &work: Lane closure with

signs & flaggers. Warning signs &

establish escaperoutes. Traffic spotter to

accompany inspector Walk against

traffic.




Procedures

Step 3: DoningEquipment.

Not clearly visible totraffic, head injuries,slipping, falling, handinjuries, eye injuries,cuts & skinabrasions, exposureto toxic materials.

Match equipmentneeds to the workbeing performed.Review with co-worker and follow“ODOT PersonalProtective EquipmentPolicy”.




Procedures

Step 4: Planning &Implementing Access

Injuries caused bythings in motion, hightemperatures,chemical exposure,harmfulatmospheres, lightradiation (welding),Falling Objects,Sharp Objects,Rolling or Pinching,Electricity, layout ofworkplace andlocation of co-workers.

Pre-assess the worksite using the ODOTHazard AssessmentWorksheet anddiscuss with teammembers beforeleaving the vehicle. Devise plan to

mitigate knownhazards. Assure that all

team members fullyunderstands thegame plan.


Performing the Bridge Performing the Bridge InspectionInspection

Remember: The ground could be shaking and/or Remember: The ground could be shaking and/or changed dramatically.changed dramatically.

The terrain could be very unfamiliar.The terrain could be very unfamiliar.

There will be an urgency to get the assessments There will be an urgency to get the assessments completed so the bridge can be cleared or completed so the bridge can be cleared or actions can be implemented to get the structure actions can be implemented to get the structure back into service.back into service.


Unstable GroundUnstable Ground




Procedures

Step 5: Working inConfined Space.

No air to breath,Breathing PoorQuality Air, HeadInjuries, No lights,tripping, being lockedin the confined space,transients.

Review and follow the“ODOT ConfinedSpace Policy &Procedures”: Establish

Communication net.(check-in / out) Establish rescue

plan. Lock-out / tag-out Use appropriate

equipment forconditions. Notify Completion.




Procedures

Step 6: Meet withInspection Team,discuss findings,document and re-access bridge ifnecessary.

Struck by traffic,Creating a trafficdistraction, falling,slipping, tripping, offbalance while takingphotos and/or takingmeasurements,public image.

Follow the originalinspection plan andmake sure trafficcontrol measures arestill in place.




Procedures

Step 7: Pickup TrafficControl.

Step 8: Notify Others

Same as Step 2.

Same as Step 1.

Same as Step 2.

Same as Step 1.


EquipmentEquipment Personal ClothingPersonal Clothing

Personal SuppliesPersonal Supplies

Inspection EquipmentInspection Equipment

ODOT Identification CardsODOT Identification Cards


Personal ClothingPersonal Clothing Hard Hat w/

chin strap Safety Vest Soft Cap Stocking Cap

Work Boots Rubber Boots Work Gloves Extra Socks Rubber Gloves

Extra Sweatshirt Safety Glasses Rain Gear Coveralls


Personal SuppliesPersonal Supplies First Aid Kit Food / Munchies

Fresh Water Drinking Cup

Toilet Paper Sleeping Bag or

Blanket


Inspection EquipmentInspection Equipment Clipboard Notepad Pens & Pencils Safety Harness Binoculars Flagging Tape Duct Tape

Portable Ladder 25’ Pocket Tape Hammer 2 Lanyards Cell Phone 50’ of ½” rope Flashlight

Red Paint Marker Green Paint Marker Keel / Crayon Life Vest Safety Rope Slide Camera w/film Color Coded Bags Permanent Marker


Identification CardIdentification Card DMV Id Card Photo Working Title


Preparing for an Emergency Preparing for an Emergency ResponseResponse


Emergency Response Emergency Response PreparationPreparation

► Response Threshold.Response Threshold.

► Define the different inspection levels.Define the different inspection levels.

► Zero-in on the First Response Level 1 Zero-in on the First Response Level 1 InspectionsInspections


When Should You When Should You Respond?Respond?

Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale (Earthquake Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale (Earthquake Training Handout, pg 4.)Training Handout, pg 4.)

I. Not felt by most people, only I. Not felt by most people, only instruments detect the earthquake.instruments detect the earthquake.

II. People lying down might feel the II. People lying down might feel the earthquake.earthquake.


Determining Response Determining Response TriggerTrigger

III. People on upper floors of buildings will feel III. People on upper floors of buildings will feel it, but may not know it is an earthquake. it, but may not know it is an earthquake. Hanging objects swing.Hanging objects swing.

IV. People indoors will probably feel it, but IV. People indoors will probably feel it, but those outside may not. Houses may crack.those outside may not. Houses may crack.



V. Nearly everyone feels it. Sleepers are V. Nearly everyone feels it. Sleepers are awakened. Doors swing, pictures move, awakened. Doors swing, pictures move, things tip over.things tip over.

VI. Everyone feels the earthquake. It’s hard VI. Everyone feels the earthquake. It’s hard to walk. Windows and dishes broken. Books to walk. Windows and dishes broken. Books fall from shelf.fall from shelf.



VII. It’s hard to stand. Plaster, bricks, and VII. It’s hard to stand. Plaster, bricks, and tiles fall from buildings. Small land slides.tiles fall from buildings. Small land slides.

VIII. People will not be able to drive cars. VIII. People will not be able to drive cars. Poorly built buildings may collapse, Poorly built buildings may collapse, chimneys may fall.chimneys may fall.



IX. Most foundations are damaged. Masonry IX. Most foundations are damaged. Masonry heavily damaged. Pipes are broken. The heavily damaged. Pipes are broken. The ground cracks.ground cracks.

X. Most buildings are destroyed. Water is X. Most buildings are destroyed. Water is thrown out of rivers and lakes. Large thrown out of rivers and lakes. Large landslides.landslides.


Determine Response TriggerDetermine Response Trigger

XI. Rails are bent. Bridges and underground XI. Rails are bent. Bridges and underground pipelines unusable.pipelines unusable.

XII. Most things are leveled. Large objects XII. Most things are leveled. Large objects may be thrown into the air. Large rocks may be thrown into the air. Large rocks masses displaced.masses displaced.


Determine Response TriggerDetermine Response Trigger

► Where are you when the shaking starts: Where are you when the shaking starts: Home, Work, Somewhere in between.Home, Work, Somewhere in between.

► Lines of Communication vs ExpectationsLines of Communication vs Expectations

► Work Assignments: Traffic Control, Work Assignments: Traffic Control, Highway patrol, Highway patrol, Inspecting BridgesInspecting Bridges, , Manning the ICC, Gearing-up for repairs.Manning the ICC, Gearing-up for repairs.


Bridge Inspection LevelsBridge Inspection Levels

► First LookFirst Look

► Level 1 InspectionsLevel 1 Inspections




First LookFirst Look► First LookFirst Look - Information source is from - Information source is from

untrained, non-transportation personnel.untrained, non-transportation personnel.

► Taken at face value - whether a bridge has Taken at face value - whether a bridge has collapsed or not.collapsed or not.

► Provides the first estimate as to the size of Provides the first estimate as to the size of the affected area and level of the response the affected area and level of the response effort that’s required.effort that’s required.


Level 1 InspectionLevel 1 Inspection► Who determines whether a Level 1 Who determines whether a Level 1

Inspection effort will be deployed?Inspection effort will be deployed? Crew Supervisor?Crew Supervisor? District Manager?District Manager? Region Bridge Inspector?Region Bridge Inspector? Bridge Engineer?Bridge Engineer? Local Agency (Director of Public Works)?Local Agency (Director of Public Works)?


Level 1 Bridge InspectionsLevel 1 Bridge Inspections► Level 1 InspectionLevel 1 Inspection - Source of Information is - Source of Information is

from trained, transportation personnel (You).from trained, transportation personnel (You).

► Provides the first reliable information on which Provides the first reliable information on which decisions can be made: Is the bridge damaged? decisions can be made: Is the bridge damaged? If so, how badly? Is it useable? What’s needed to If so, how badly? Is it useable? What’s needed to get the bridge back into service?get the bridge back into service?


Level 1 Bridge InspectionsLevel 1 Bridge Inspections

► The guideline used by the personnel The guideline used by the personnel performing these inspections is: “Would performing these inspections is: “Would you feel comfortable, driving over the you feel comfortable, driving over the bridge, in a loaded truck”.bridge, in a loaded truck”.

► Partial bridge closure decisions should Partial bridge closure decisions should only be made by a Licensed Engineer.only be made by a Licensed Engineer.



► Expectation - A Level 1 inspection will be Expectation - A Level 1 inspection will be performed on all bridges in the affected area performed on all bridges in the affected area within the first 24 hours.within the first 24 hours.

► Urgency - The sooner the agency Urgency - The sooner the agency determines the condition of the determines the condition of the infrastructure, the sooner emergency infrastructure, the sooner emergency actions can be implemented.actions can be implemented.


Level 1 Bridge Inspection Level 1 Bridge Inspection ExpectationsExpectations

► If the magnitude of the event is If the magnitude of the event is from 4.0 to 5.0from 4.0 to 5.0 with an epicenter within the State of Oregon, or with an epicenter within the State of Oregon, or within 50 miles of the Oregon Coast, or State within 50 miles of the Oregon Coast, or State border –border –

► The district will log observations and The district will log observations and information from the police, public, and media.information from the police, public, and media.

► Primary task – make sure the notification, Primary task – make sure the notification, communication, and response plans are communication, and response plans are working. Structural damage – unlikely.working. Structural damage – unlikely.



► If the magnitude of the event is If the magnitude of the event is from 5.0 to from 5.0 to 6.06.0 with an epicenter within the State of with an epicenter within the State of Oregon, or within 50 miles of the Oregon Oregon, or within 50 miles of the Oregon Coast, or State border –Coast, or State border –

► Bridge maintenance crews will perform a Bridge maintenance crews will perform a condition assessment on all structures condition assessment on all structures within 50 miles of the epicenter within the within 50 miles of the epicenter within the first 24 hours.first 24 hours.



► If the magnitude of the event is If the magnitude of the event is from 6.0 to 8.0from 6.0 to 8.0 with an epicenter within the State of Oregon, or with an epicenter within the State of Oregon, or within 100 miles of the Oregon Coast, or State within 100 miles of the Oregon Coast, or State border –border –

► Bridge maintenance crews will perform a condition Bridge maintenance crews will perform a condition assessment on all structures within 100 miles of assessment on all structures within 100 miles of the epicenter within the first 24 hours. the epicenter within the first 24 hours.

► All damaged structures will receive a follow-up All damaged structures will receive a follow-up condition assessment by engineering personnel condition assessment by engineering personnel within the first 72 hours.within the first 72 hours.



► If the magnitude of the event is If the magnitude of the event is greater than 8.0greater than 8.0 with an epicenter within the State of Oregon, or with an epicenter within the State of Oregon, or within 300 miles of the Oregon Coast, or State within 300 miles of the Oregon Coast, or State border –border –

► Bridge maintenance crews will perform a condition Bridge maintenance crews will perform a condition assessment on all structures within 300 miles of assessment on all structures within 300 miles of the epicenter. the epicenter.

► A timeframe can not be established due to the A timeframe can not be established due to the magnitude of the damage and the uncertainty of magnitude of the damage and the uncertainty of being able to navigate the terrain.being able to navigate the terrain.



► Inspection Priorities:Inspection Priorities: Priority 1: Lifeline RoutesPriority 1: Lifeline Routes Priority 2: Lifeline Alternate RoutesPriority 2: Lifeline Alternate Routes Priority 3: Interstate RoutesPriority 3: Interstate Routes Priority 4: Major Arterial RoutesPriority 4: Major Arterial Routes Priority 5: Secondary HighwaysPriority 5: Secondary Highways


Level 1 InspectionsLevel 1 Inspections

► Definition of a Lifeline Route:Definition of a Lifeline Route: Routes that are Routes that are essential for emergency services during the essential for emergency services during the first 72 hours after an event.first 72 hours after an event.

► Determine Route Itinerary:Determine Route Itinerary:Inspect bridges as you come to them, or Inspect bridges as you come to them, or Drive to the end of the route and inspect bridges Drive to the end of the route and inspect bridges

back to back to place of origin.place of origin.

► Determine Route ConfigurationDetermine Route Configuration


Level 2 InspectionsLevel 2 Inspections► Who determines whether a Level 2 Who determines whether a Level 2

Inspection effort will be deployed?Inspection effort will be deployed? Crew Supervisor?Crew Supervisor? District Manager?District Manager? Region Bridge Inspector?Region Bridge Inspector? Bridge Engineer?Bridge Engineer? Local Agency (Director of Public Works)?Local Agency (Director of Public Works)?



► Level 2 InspectionsLevel 2 Inspections - are performed by - are performed by Certified Bridge Inspection Team Certified Bridge Inspection Team Leaders or Licensed Engineers.Leaders or Licensed Engineers.

► Obtain information so that repairs can Obtain information so that repairs can be designed and a detailed scope of be designed and a detailed scope of repair work can be identified.repair work can be identified.


Level 2 Bridge InspectionsLevel 2 Bridge Inspections► Anticipate that these inspectors will be teamed Anticipate that these inspectors will be teamed

and deployed with district personnel in order to and deployed with district personnel in order to maximize their expertise.maximize their expertise.

► District personnel are much more familiar with the District personnel are much more familiar with the affected area and potential detour routes.affected area and potential detour routes.

► Districts have delegated bridge closure authority.Districts have delegated bridge closure authority.



► Expectation - A level 2 inspection will be Expectation - A level 2 inspection will be performed on all bridges in the affected performed on all bridges in the affected area within the first 72 hours.area within the first 72 hours.


Level 3 Bridge InspectionsLevel 3 Bridge Inspections► A A Level 3 InspectionLevel 3 Inspection is an in-depth is an in-depth

assessment and a structural analysis of assessment and a structural analysis of the damaged portions of a structure.the damaged portions of a structure.

► Purpose is to obtain detailed information Purpose is to obtain detailed information for load posting, future design criteria, for load posting, future design criteria, and/or initiate the first steps for a full and/or initiate the first steps for a full restoration project.restoration project.


Level 3 Bridge InspectionsLevel 3 Bridge Inspections► Expectation - A Level 3 Inspection will Expectation - A Level 3 Inspection will

only be performed on a structure that only be performed on a structure that has been closed.has been closed.

► The level 3 inspection could result in:The level 3 inspection could result in: Opening a bridge with a load posting.Opening a bridge with a load posting. Opening a bridge after temporary shoring.Opening a bridge after temporary shoring. Opening a bridge after repaired.Opening a bridge after repaired.


Emergency Response KitsEmergency Response Kits(Contents of Notebooks)(Contents of Notebooks)

► Specified RouteSpecified Route► Possible Alternate RoutesPossible Alternate Routes► MapMap► Bridge Inventory for both routesBridge Inventory for both routes► Damage Assessment FormsDamage Assessment Forms► Bridge Tagging Instructions & Bridge Tagging Instructions &

MarkersMarkers


Suggested Additional Suggested Additional TrainingTraining

► Bridge Inspector TrainingBridge Inspector Training► ODOT Working Alone GuidelineODOT Working Alone Guideline► Personal Protective EquipmentPersonal Protective Equipment► Work Zone Traffic ControlWork Zone Traffic Control► Environmental Health Hazard Environmental Health Hazard

AwarenessAwareness


Suggested Additional Suggested Additional TrainingTraining

► Defensive DrivingDefensive Driving► First Aid with CPRFirst Aid with CPR► Confined Space TrainingConfined Space Training► Fall Protection / Self RescueFall Protection / Self Rescue► Lead Exposure AwarenessLead Exposure Awareness► Lock-out / Tag-outLock-out / Tag-out► Performing a Job Safety AnalysisPerforming a Job Safety Analysis


Performing the InspectionPerforming the Inspection


Performing the InspectionPerforming the Inspection

When should you start inspecting bridges?When should you start inspecting bridges?

Clearly understand the response trigger Clearly understand the response trigger expectations.expectations.


Responsibilities of the 1st Responsibilities of the 1st ResponderResponder

Safely access the structure.Safely access the structure. Evaluate the structural condition of Evaluate the structural condition of

a damaged structure.a damaged structure. Report your Condition Assessment.Report your Condition Assessment. Tag the Bridge accordingly.Tag the Bridge accordingly. Continue on assigned route.Continue on assigned route.


Safely Access the BridgeSafely Access the Bridge Park Vehicle in a safe location.Park Vehicle in a safe location.

Walk against traffic.Walk against traffic.

Walk beside bridge footprint, not under Walk beside bridge footprint, not under the bridge.the bridge.

Use binoculars and flashlights. Climb Use binoculars and flashlights. Climb only when absolutely necessary.only when absolutely necessary.


Condition Assessment Report Condition Assessment Report FormForm

Report Form HeaderReport Form Header Fill it out ahead of time.Fill it out ahead of time.

Condition Assessment:Condition Assessment: 1- (Closed Bridge, rebuild to open)1- (Closed Bridge, rebuild to open) 2- (Closed Bridge, shore to open)2- (Closed Bridge, shore to open) 3- (Bridge is Open)3- (Bridge is Open)


What to Look ForWhat to Look For

Condition Assessment Form SketchesCondition Assessment Form Sketches

Bridge Closure ThresholdsBridge Closure Thresholds


Vertical Movement of BridgeVertical Movement of Bridge

Vertical Movement > 2”

Abutment or Pile Cap

Sketch 1


Vertical MovementVertical Movement


Horizontal MovementHorizontal Movement

HorizontalMovement

> 6”

Bridge RailSidewalk

Deck Joint

Bridge

Deck

Sketch 2Sketch 2


Horizontal MovementHorizontal Movement

HorizontalMovement > 6”


Concrete ColumnsConcrete Columns

Bent Vertical Rebar

Broken Column Ties

Concrete turned to

rubble

Sketch 3



Adequacy of the ColumnsAdequacy of the Columns

Column Offset

Bent Vertical Rebar

Broken Column

Ties

Sketch 4


Concrete ColumnConcrete Column



Critical Position

0.1 X “H” or 6 inches Max.

“H”

Superstructure

Concrete Column

Expect to see cracks and spalling outside of the

column ties near the top and bottom of the column. Sketch 5


Steel ColumnsSteel Columns

Buckled Flange

Steel Column

Flange and web cracked

Sketch 6


Timber Cap / Pile ConnectionsTimber Cap / Pile Connections

Timber Post or

Pile

Timber Cap

Bolts Severe Splitting

Diagonal Bracing Sketch 7


Steel Crossbeams or CapsSteel Crossbeams or Caps

Buckled Flange

Steel Crossbeam

Buckled Web & Broken Web

Stiffener

Buckled Web

> 25% Bolts or Rivets in a

connection are broken

Sketch 8


Rocker BearingsRocker Bearings

> 1/3 X “H” Max

Plumb Line

Superstructure

Deck

Rocker“H”

Sketch 9


Sketch 9

BearingsBearings

“S”Original

Beam Seat

< 0.5 X “S” or 4” Min. Remaining


Movement

Sketch 10


Loss of BearingLoss of Bearing


Pre-stressed Concrete Pre-stressed Concrete SuperstructureSuperstructure

Deck

Pre-stressed Concrete

Superstructure


Severe Diagonal Shear Cracks at 1/4 points in

concrete girder

Sketch 11



Side angle or channel

buckled

Lattice bars stretched or

broken

Sketch 12


Steel SuperstructureSteel Superstructure


Steel SuperstructureSteel Superstructure

> 25% of Connection Rivets or Bolts are broken



Rebar

Concrete Cap or

Crossbeam

Pile

Concrete Girder

Deck

Stirrups

Shear Offset

Sheared Concrete Girder

Sketch 13


Concrete GirderConcrete Girder



“S”

Sag in Concrete Girder

Sag @ center > 1% of span length

Sketch 14


FootingsFootings

“W”

“L”

Undermined Footing

Shear Cracks > 3/8” near column Footing Undermined

> 20% of bearing area (L x W)

Sketch 15


ConcreteConcrete FootingsFootings


FootingsFootings

Piling Punching thru Footing

Concrete Column

Concrete Footing on Steel Piling

Sketch 16


ApproachesApproaches

Superstructure

Deck

Approach Slab / AC Settlement > 3”

Abutment or End Bent

AsphaltApproach Slab

Sketch 17



Deck

Superstructure

Approach Embankment / Slab

Abutment / Back wall / End Bent

Plumb Line

“H”

Ground line or top of footing

0.1 X “H” or 6 inch Max.

Sketch 18


UtilitiesUtilities


Miscellaneous StructuresMiscellaneous Structures


Using the Condition Assessment Using the Condition Assessment FormForm

ThresholdsThresholds that warrant closing the bridge. that warrant closing the bridge.

Communication toolCommunication tool - report all damage - report all damage information to your ICC. Refer to sketches with information to your ICC. Refer to sketches with measurements.measurements.

Damage DocumentationDamage Documentation - send completed - send completed condition assessment form to ODOT Bridge condition assessment form to ODOT Bridge Operations.Operations.


Standard Bridge Tagging Standard Bridge Tagging ProcedureProcedure

ColorColorGreen - Bridge Open / Safe to useGreen - Bridge Open / Safe to useRed - Bridge is Closed / UnsafeRed - Bridge is Closed / Unsafe

WhereWhereVisible Vertical Surface, Right Side, Visible Vertical Surface, Right Side, Both Ends.Both Ends.

How - Paint Sticks, Keel, or Bags How - Paint Sticks, Keel, or Bags


Standard Bridge Tagging Standard Bridge Tagging ProcedureProcedure

Agency

Level of Inspection

Initials of the Inspector

Date Time


Standard Bridge Tagging Standard Bridge Tagging Procedure (Example)Procedure (Example)

ODOT

1GLB

2/28/01 10:58 AM


Standard Bridge Tagging Standard Bridge Tagging Procedure (Example)Procedure (Example)

ODOT1

GLB

2/28/01 10:58 AM

ODOT

2/28/01

2IS

3:15 PM


Acceptable Methods for Acceptable Methods for Closing a BridgeClosing a Bridge

► Flagging TapeFlagging Tape

► Flag PersonFlag Person

► VehicleVehicle

► BarricadesBarricades


Reporting Your Condition Reporting Your Condition AssessmentAssessment

► Your NameYour Name► Bridge Name, Hwy, MP, Bridge No.Bridge Name, Hwy, MP, Bridge No.► Where on the bridge is the damage located.Where on the bridge is the damage located.► Report the amount of damage - refer to the Report the amount of damage - refer to the

inspection form sketch, give measurements.inspection form sketch, give measurements.► What actions you have initiated.What actions you have initiated.► Turn in your completed inspection forms.Turn in your completed inspection forms.


For Additional InformationFor Additional Information

► Bruce Johnson : State Bridge Engineer : 503-986-3344

► Gary Bowling : Bridge Operations Engineer : 503-986-3402

► Jeff Swanstrom : Senior Bridge Inspector : 503-986-3337

► Bert Hartman : Bridge Program Manager : 503-986-3395

oregon department of transportation emergency response training class gary bowling, oregon dot...

Documents

bridge superstructure

bridge items

substructure transfers

substructure unit

foundation material

city street addresses

traffic loads

transfers vehicular