Optima’s 1078 House CONSTRUCTION MANUAL

Jessica FarrSierra FarberFernando Castillo

1

Mar

ch 1

0, 2

011

CEE

211

Fina

l Pre

sent

ation

1. VDC Proposal Outline

1.1 Cover Letter1.2 Case Example1.3 Value Proposition1.4 Background1.5 Sponsor and Team Objectives1.6 Specific Aims1.7 Product, Organization, Process2.0 Breakdown Structures3.0 Coordination and Rework7.0 Compressing Schedule8.0 PIP Process and Assumptions9.0 and 10.0 MACDADI Analysis11.0 Business Recommendations to Client12.0 VDC Modeling Recommendations

2

Mar

ch 1

0, 2

011

CEE

211

Fina

l Pre

sent

ation

Business Decision

3

Paper Virtual

Cost Low initial.High long term.

High initial.Low long term.

Goodness 145 230 Mar

ch 1

0, 2

011

CEE

211

Fina

l Pre

sent

ation

• Assumed Engineering Problem: Mr. David Hovey Jr. desires to produce an effective visual, paper-based construction manual for his 1078 ft2 House project.

• Team qualifications to Solve this Engineering Problem: • (Product) 3D BIM modeling and analyses skills• (Product/Process) 4D modeling skills• (Organization/Process) SimVision modeling and analyses skills• (Product/Organization/Process) POP & MACDADI modeling and analyses skills

4

1.1 Cover Letter

Mar

ch 1

0, 2

011

CEE

211

Fina

l Pre

sent

ation

Architect, David Hovey Jr. sponsored our CEE211 Team to produce a paper construction manual for his 1078 ft2 house project, which will inevitably aid the GC, the superintendent, and crews to achieve schedule conformance during the construction of the 1078 ft2 house.

Our team took a VDC approach to this task by using POP, SimVision, BIM (3D) *provided by the sponsor*, 4D, models in order to provide the sponsor with two visual construction manual design options: one paper and the other virtual.

These modeling tools allowed our team to analyze the potential effects to schedule conformance given the use of a paper or a virtual manual during construction.

We looked to differences in overall process risk, rentable area, schedule, hidden work, and actor backlog in order to see which design option would better increase schedule conformance and cost conformance.

Finally, our team used a MACDADI analysis, which compiles and synthesizes all predicted process behavior and outcome performance metrics, in order to determine the overall “goodness” of the paper construction manual versus the virtual construction manual.

5

4D ModelMACDADI Model SimVision Model

1.1 Cover Letter, Executive Summary

Mar

ch 1

0, 2

011

CEE

211

Fina

l Pre

sent

ation

1.5 Sponsor & Team Objectives

6

Sponsor Team’s Design ResponseObjectives *Produce a visual, paper-based

construction manual*Schedule conformance is key (13-day Schedule)*No analysis of product, organization, or process.

*Create a visual, paper construction manual. *Provide an alternative design option: a virtual construction manual.*Compare (through modeling & analysis) the “goodness” of paper vs. virtual. Design Response Assessment: We are giving our sponsor exactly what he wants, but are also providing him with a more VDC-like design alternative.

Model Deliverables *3D Snapshots*4D Snapshots*Checklists (Gantt Chart, Bill of Materials

*Interactive 3D (Area)*Playable 4D (Constructability)*Database of historic performance based on online checklist reporting and conformance to objectives.

Additional Model Analysis

None *Rentable Area (3D Model)*POP/MACDADI to compare design options.*SimVision will model/predict the benefits or disadvantages of an interactive virtual manual.

- Less/More Process Risk?- Less/More Actor Backlog?- Less/More Hidden Work?- Less/More Schedule Conformance?

Explanation of Design Response: The baseline design option (the paper manual) conforms exactly to sponsor objectives. However, the alternative design option (the virtual manual) does not conform at all to sponsor objectives as the sponsor directly stated that all he wanted was the paper construction manual.

Mar

ch 1

0, 2

011

CEE

211

Fina

l Pre

sent

ation

Paper vs. Virtual Manual – ScenarioTask: Install Slab on Grade Using: Paper Construction Manual• 6:00 am: Superintendent shows up to the 1078

site in the morning that the slab on grade is to be installed.

• 6:30 am: Half of the concrete crew with the cement trucks show up on time, the concrete sub is late

• Crew has no study of the site prior to arrival• 6:45 am: Superintendent has one set of a paper

construction manual that he uses and there may be another copy lying around

• 6:50 am: Superintendent goes to look for the other paper construction manual in the on-site office

• 6:50-8:30 am: Superintendent gets caught up in the office with a call from another subcontractor

• 8:30 am: Superintendent begins looking for the other paper manual 7

Task: Install Slab on GradeUsing: Virtual Construction Manual• 6:00 am: Superintendent shows up to the

1078 site in the morning that the slab on grade is to be installed

• 6:30 am: Half of the concrete crew shows up on time, the concrete sub is late

• Crew has no study of the site prior to arrival

• 6:45 am: Superintendent tells the concrete crew to download the 1078 construction manual application so that they can begin work

• 7:00 am: Concrete crew views the virtual construction manual on their phones

• 7:20 am: Concrete crew begins their work

Virtual Manual allows Superintendent to conduct other business and allows the on-time half of the concrete crew to start the job on time.

Mar

ch 1

0, 2

011

CEE

211

Fina

l Pre

sent

ation

Paper Manual

8

Functional Requirement

Introduction/OverviewGantt Chart

Materials List

Tools/Equiptment List

Day by Day ScheduleDay by Day Task

BreakdownMaterials, Actors,Tools

List per TaskBIM Images

Corresponding to Day by Day Tasks

Task Quality Check Lists

4D Images Corresponding to Day

by Day Tasks

Mar

ch 1

0, 2

011

CEE

211

Fina

l Pre

sent

ation

1.7 Alternative Design Option POP Model

9

3 Product Changes in the Alternative Design Option POP Model will allow for a virtually interactive construction manual—unlike the Baseline Model

2 Additional Actors will allow for a useful, usable, and accessible design of an web/app construction manual

@ Additional Tasks will be performed by the Web/App developer: Final Design & Production of the Web/App Construction Manual

Mar

ch 1

0, 2

011

CEE

211

Fina

l Pre

sent

ation

Virtual Manual (The Webpage)

10

POP

3D 4D

SimVision

Checklists ScheduleConstruction Manual

Combine and conquer!

www.1078house.com

Mar

ch 1

0, 2

011

CEE

211

Fina

l Pre

sent

ation

Checklist, Report, and Support

11

Mar

ch 1

0, 2

011

CEE

211

Fina

l Pre

sent

ation

Virtual Manual – Data Collection

• Collect actual duration data from virtual field reports.

12

Mar

ch 1

0, 2

011

CEE

211

Fina

l Pre

sent

ation

Virtual Manual – Data Visualization

• Analyze actual duration data from virtual field reports.

13

= Expected Duration = Acceptable Duration

Mar

ch 1

0, 2

011

CEE

211

Fina

l Pre

sent

ation

Virtual Manual – Data Analysis

• Analyze actual duration data from virtual field reports.

14

= Expected Duration = Acceptable Duration

Mar

ch 1

0, 2

011

CEE

211

Fina

l Pre

sent

ation

Virtual Manual – React to Data

• React to actual duration data from virtual field reports.

15Learn from

Learn from

Update manual

Improve Process1

1 2

3

Mar

ch 1

0, 2

011

CEE

211

Fina

l Pre

sent

ation

SimVision Model - Assumptions

16

Paper Manual Risk: 5%

Virtual Manual Risk: 1%

Mar

ch 1

0, 2

011

CEE

211

Fina

l Pre

sent

ation

Virtual Manual - Assumptions

• Considering the following benefits from the virtual manual:• Data collection and analysis.• Highly updatable.• High quality of information (actual 3D and 4D models)• Ease of access to the manual (assuming builders have iPhones or

iPads or that one is provided to them for the job)• The benefits listed above lead us to the following assumption:

• Functional probability risk in the SimVision model will be reduced by the use of the virtual manual.

• Functional Error Probability with paper manual: 5%• Functional Error Probability with virtual manual: 1%

• The following slides compare the results of 5 different analyses based on the assumption above.

17

Mar

ch 1

0, 2

011

CEE

211

Fina

l Pre

sent

ation

1.5cont.) 1st Predicted Behavior: Process Risk

18

Decision Dashboard in SimVision models the Functional Error Probability: The likelihood that a task will fail and will require rework

We made an assumption that using the virtual manual will result in less rework (1% functional error probability) because the virtual manual historic checklist database will allow the GC & superintendent to avoid potential problems and will, possibly, offer guidance to solve them if they cannot be avoided.

We made an assumption that using the paper manual will result in more rework (5% functional error probability) because the paper manual does not have a historic checklist database which would allow the GC & the superintendent to avoid potential problems and would, possibly, offer guidance to solve them if they cannot be avoided.

Higher Functional Error Probability =Higher Process Risk

Mar

ch 1

0, 2

011

CEE

211

Fina

l Pre

sent

ation

1.5cont.) 2nd Predicted Behavior: Schedule Conformance

19

Paper Based Manual

Virtual Manual

Gantt Chart shows a 4 day shorter schedule (30% shorter) for the virtual manual.

Mar

ch 1

0, 2

011

CEE

211

Fina

l Pre

sent

ation

1.5cont.) 3rd Predicted Behavior: Hidden Work

20

Decision Wait

Coordination

Rework

Virtual Manual

Paper Manual

Hidden Work is greatly reduced by using the virtual manual over the paper manual

Mar

ch 1

0, 2

011

CEE

211

Fina

l Pre

sent

ation

1.5 cont.) 4th Predicted Behavior: Actor Backlog Latency

21

Backlog with Paper Manual

Backlog with the Virtual Manual

Max Backlog is the same (0.4days) in the use of the paper manual or the virtual manual M

arch

10,

201

1CE

E 21

1 Fi

nal P

rese

ntati

on

1.5 Five Predicted Project Behaviors 5th Predicted Behavior: Rentable Area

22

Rentable Area (same for paper & virtual manual) – Modeled in Revit

Carport square footage is not included in the 1078 ft2 count

Square footage modeled in Revit is about equal to 1078ft2.

Mar

ch 1

0, 2

011

CEE

211

Fina

l Pre

sent

ation

9. MACDADI - (Goodness)

23

Based on the MACDADI, the Design Alternative is a better

option. As the baseline design fails in two of the most weighted

objectives

Baseline Alternative Required

Mar

ch 1

0, 2

011

CEE

211

Fina

l Pre

sent

ation

BaselineAlternative

1.3 Value Proposition

• Our proposed virtual manual provides the owner with multiple benefits over the paper based manual, including:• No paper!• Accessible on mobile devices and big screens during meetings.• Access to fully operable 3D and 4D models (not just snapshots.)• Reviews from the one day building course.• Online checklist field reporting and data base creation.• Highly adaptable and updatable without major costs.

• In sum, our VDC approach allows us to make very EXPLICIT ASSUMPTIONS and model-based PREDICTIONS that can help the client to visualize, analyze, interpret, and evaluate the differences between the paper and the virtual manual. All this to allow the client to make a better informed decision about the future of the construction manual.

24

Mar

ch 1

0, 2

011

CEE

211

Fina

l Pre

sent

ation

8. PIP – Process and Assumptions

25

Area, Cost

Backlog, Risk, Conformance

Assumptions• The analyses will be useful to Optima, though not requested• Predictions based directly from models provided by Optima are

highly accurate• Predictions from SimVision are useable for course-level analyses,

though based off of higher level of detail models

Mar

ch 1

0, 2

011

CEE

211

Fina

l Pre

sent

ation

12. VDC Modeling Recommendations

26

POP •Define scope and determine 10 most important product, organization, process elements.•Define POP behavior objectives

Breakdown Structures •Break down your product, organization, and process.

•Keep structures at the appropriate level of detail (match detail in POP model)

3D •Generate a 3D model that conforms to the product to be built using the virtual construction manual (1078 house.)

Schedule •Generate a detailed schedule comprising of tasks, durations, and dependencies for the product to be built using the virtual construction manual (1078 house.)

4D •Generate a 4D model using the 3D model and schedule.

SimVision •Model organization and process based on the requirements for the product to be built using the virtual construction manual. Assign responsible actors, rework and coordination links, and risk level.

Virtual Manual •Incorporate POP, breakdown structures, 3D, schedule, 4D, and SimVision information into online manual.

Generate checklists to check conformance to objectives. Build data base and improve process.

Mar

ch 1

0, 2

011

CEE

211

Fina

l Pre

sent

ation

1.2 Case Example

27

Product Cost (K$)

Evaluated goodness

V1 157948 145

V2 157948 230

Required 160,000 200Functional RequirementIntroduction/

OverviewGantt Chart

Materials ListTools/Equiptment

ListDay by Day Schedule

Day by Day Task Breakdown

Materials,Actors,Tools List per Task

BIM Images Corresponding to Day by Day TasksTask Quality Check

Lists 4D Images

Corresponding to Day by Day Tasks

Functional Requirement

Organization Form (Actor)

Optima OptimaGeneral Contractor General Contractor

Advisor J. KunzAdvisor Henning

CEE 211 Team CEE 211 Team

Responsible Actor Process Form (Task

Action: Object)CEE 211

Team/Advisors Conceptual DesignOptima Approval

CEE 211 Team Final DesignOptima ApprovalOptima ProductionOptima Distribution

GC Use in Field

Product elements for paper construction

manual requested by Optima

Process and organization necessary for development of baseline paper manual

Goodness of baseline paper model (V1) determined by model based analyses and provided information (cost and rentable space).

Mar

ch 1

0, 2

011

CEE

211

Fina

l Pre

sent

ation

1.4 Background

• Project Objectives: Provide a construction manual to help achieve the strict schedule goals set for the 1078 house.

• Proposed VDC Approach: Provide a virtual construction manual to aid in the construction process.

• Site Plan: The house should be buildable anywhere in the US.• Alternative Solution: As discussed before, the virtual manual

provides many advantages over a paper-based manual.• Current State of the Art: Usually there are no construction

manuals, and those that exist are paper based.• Scope of the Problem: The reductions in risk resulting from

the benefits of the virtual manual are modeled in SimVision.• Constraints on Solutions: Contractors must have access to

mobile devices with internet access and commit to submit their field reports.

28

Mar

ch 1

0, 2

011

CEE

211

Fina

l Pre

sent

ation

1.6 Specific Aims

• Deliverables: SimVision model and analysis, virtual manual (website), POP model, 3D and 4D models, paper manual

• Content: the POP model contains the breakdowns of the most important items (each about 10% of the project) for the Product, Organization, and Process.

• Predicted Behaviors: the Virtual Manual will provide the client the tools necessary to achieve the project quality and schedule goals.

• Required Hardware and Software: Computer, internet domain and hosting, internet access, SimVision, Revit, Navisworks, MS Project

• Exclusions and non-aims: It was not our intent to deliver a complete and highly detailed paper construction manual.

• Next steps: finalize details on virtual manual and implement it in the construction of many 1078 houses.

29

Mar

ch 1

0, 2

011

CEE

211

Fina

l Pre

sent

ation

1.7 Process and Organization (Baseline)

30

Responsible Actor Process Form (Task

Action: Object)CEE 211

Team/Advisors Conceptual DesignOptima Approval

CEE 211 Team Final DesignOptima ApprovalOptima ProductionOptima Distribution

GC Use in Field

Mar

ch 1

0, 2

011

CEE

211

Fina

l Pre

sent

ation

Due to the product not being a building, POP field use is not useful to Optima. Instead the model is useful in the design of the construction manual, as it allows for Optima to set important product elements and choose the process and organization for the manual design.

2. PBS Analysis

31

Product Break Down Structure of Alternative Design Option (supports detailed scheduling analysis)PL1: 1078 House PL2: Web/App Construction Manual PL3: Introduction/Overview PL3: Gantt Chart PL3: Materials List PL3: Tools/Equipment List PL3: Day by Day Schedule PL3: Day by Day Task Breakdown PL3: Materials, Actors, Tools List Per Task PL3: Interactive 3D Images PL3: Database of Historic Performance Based off Checklists PL3: Playable 4D Model

Product Break Down Structure of Baseline Design Option (supports detailed scheduling analysis)PL1: 1078 House PL2: Paper Construction Manual PL3: Introduction/Overview PL3: Gantt Chart PL3: Materials List PL3: Tools/Equipment List PL3: Day by Day Schedule PL3: Day by Day Task Breakdown PL3: Materials, Actors, Tools List Per Task PL3: 3D BIM Images Corresponding to Day by Day Tasks PL3: Task Quality Checklists PL3: 4D Images Corresponding to Day by Day Tasks

Pro

duct

P

rodu

ctPOP Model Correlation

Differences between the Baseline and Alternative Design Option Product Breakdown Structures

Mar

ch 1

0, 2

011

CEE

211

Fina

l Pre

sent

ation

2. OBS Analysis

32

Org

aniz

atio

n O

rgan

izat

ion

Organization Breakdown Structure of Alternative Design Option (supports organizational analysis)OL1: Sponsor, Optima OL2: Advisor, J. Kunz OL2: Advisor, Henning OL3: CEE 211 Team OL4: Web/App Developer

OL5: General Contractor OL5: Superintendent

Organization Breakdown Structure of Baseline Design Option (supports organizational analysis)OL1: Sponsor, Optima OL2: Advisor, J. Kunz OL2: Advisor, Henning OL3: CEE 211 Team OL4: General Contractor

Differences between the Baseline and Alternative Design Option Product Breakdown Structures

POP Model Correlation

Mar

ch 1

0, 2

011

CEE

211

Fina

l Pre

sent

ation

2. WBS Analysis

33

Work Breakdown StructureWL1: Create Web/App Construction Manual WL2: Conceptual Design of Web/App Construction Manual WL3: Approval of Conceptual Design WL2: Final Design of Web/App Construction Manual WL1: Production of Web/App Construction Manual WL2: Use of Construction Manual in Field WL3: Interact with Web/App Construction Manual

Work Breakdown StructureWL1: Create Paper Construction Manual WL2: Conceptual Design of Paper Construction Manual WL3: Approval of Conceptual Design WL2: Final Design of Paper Construction Manual WL1: Production of Paper Construction Manual WL2: Distribution of Construction Manual WL2: Use of Construction Manual in Field

Pro

cess

POP Model Correlation

Differences between the Baseline and Alternative Design Option Product Breakdown Structures

Pro

cess

Mar

ch 1

0, 2

011

CEE

211

Fina

l Pre

sent

ation

3. Coordination and Rework

• Rework links were added to the SimVision model where task dependencies where evident to us. An example is shown below.

34

Potential time-space interference between the curing of the slab and the erection of the steel columns (since the construction method/order will be no different with a paper or web/app construction manual this applies to both the baseline and the alternative model).

Coordination and Rework Links

Mar

ch 1

0, 2

011

CEE

211

Fina

l Pre

sent

ation

7. Compressing Schedule

• Given that the construction method is already optimized we decided to analyze how hidden work resulting from project risks delay the schedule. We assumed that the use of the virtual manual can reduce the functional risk to 0.01 as compared to 0.05 in the paper-based manual model. The results of the assumption are shown below.

35

Paper Based Manual

Virtual Manual

Gantt Chart shows a 4day delay using the

paper-based manual. This is a 30%

delay on schedule!

Mar

ch 1

0, 2

011

CEE

211

Fina

l Pre

sent

ation

10. MACDADI - (Predictions and Believability)

36

Predicted Behaviors Paper Web/App

Rentable Area 1078 sq ft 1078 sq ft

Actor Backlog 0.4 days 0.4 days

Product Risk 34% 12%

Process Risk 77% 33%

Hidden Work 13 days 2 days

Schedule Conformance 69% 92%

Cost Conformance 85% 95%

Product Conformance 66% 88%

Believability of Predicted Behaviors• Rentable Area and Cost are based off of the BIM model, which

were detailed and provided by Optima• Backlog and Hidden Work values come from SimVision and

are based directly off of Optima’s detailed schedule provided to us

• Product Risk and Process Risk for the baseline are based directly off of provided information from Optima and for the Alternative, assumptions were made to determine the change in risk factor

• All Conformance behaviors are based off of SimVision analyses

Mar

ch 1

0, 2

011

CEE

211

Fina

l Pre

sent

ation

Business Decision

37

Paper Virtual

Cost Low initial.High long term.

High initial.Low long term.

Goodness 145 230

0

50

100

150

200

250Relative Goodness

Baseline Alternative Required

Mar

ch 1

0, 2

011

CEE

211

Fina

l Pre

sent

ation

11. Business Recommendations to Client

38

Consider using a Virtual Construction Manual M

arch

10,

201

1CE

E 21

1 Fi

nal P

rese

ntati

on

14. ORID

• O:• David Hovey Jr. wants a paper construction manual for the 1078

house.• We will provide David with a virtual construction manual.

• R(+):• The virtual manual is live and fun to use.

• R(-):• Communication with sponsor was difficult because the sponsor’s

and the class’s objective were very different.• I:

• Virtual manual uses VDC methods to provide an opportunity to help achieve the sponsor’s business objectives.

• D:• Propose David to at least consider the use of a virtual manual.

39

Mar

ch 1

0, 2

011

CEE

211

Fina

l Pre

sent

ation

14. Comments

• Time:• A lot, we did not measure the time we spent in the project. A

guess is that at least 50 hours.• Lesson:

• It is very important to align the objectives between the sponsor and the class. Given that we were unsuccessful at doing this it was very important for us to make some assumptions and made the best out of it.

• Confusing:• Why a construction manual?• It would have been really nice if the sponsor’s objectives were

more aligned with the class from the onset.

40

Mar

ch 1

0, 2

011

CEE

211

Fina

l Pre

sent

ation