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C508

Peter R. Scheffer, Jr. Title X Assistant Professor

Dept. of Joint, Interagency, & Multinational Operations (DJIMO)

Operational Planning Application

Step 1: Initiation

Step 2: Mission Analysis

Step 3: Course of Action (COA) Development

Step 4: COA Analysis and Wargaming

Step 5: COA Comparison

Step 6: COA Approval

Step 7: Plan or Order Development

THE JOINT OPERATION PLANNING PROCESS

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EUCOM + 18TH AIRBORNE CORPS JPG ---

CJTF “Caspian Guard”


C507



Modified COA Dev.

“Command Directed” COA

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Focus Areas for COA Development

• Situation Overview – Key Events in Theater • Restated Mission • COCOM Commander’s Guidance • Higher (CJCS) Intent • CJTF Commander’s CCIR • Military OBJs & End State (Enemy & Friendly) • Organization of the JOA • Command Relationships • CoG Analysis (Operational) – (Enemy & Friendly) • Sequencing & Phasing (LOOs) – (Enemy & Friendly) • Array of Forces (Component & Operational Tasks) • Possible Points of Failure – (Enemy & Friendly) • Commander’s Critical Decisions – Sequencing of Ops • Future Plans Working Groups – (Phases IV & V) C508



“Situation Overview”

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“JTF Caspian”



Baku Ganca

Yerevan

Tblisi

Azerbaijan

Ahurastan

Turkey

Armenia

Russia

Black Sea

Caspian Sea

BTC

Poti

Batumi

Georgia

Nargorno Karabakh

Oil Fields

I I S Baku

I I

I I

S Sadval

OSC W

58

XX

I I

11

Barda

I I

S Bilasuvar

I I

S Naxcivan

OSC E

84

XX

88

XX 18

XX

407

X

I I

12

X

I I

S Mugan

16th Az

X

15h Az X

14th Az X

12th Az

X

2nd Az

X

7th Az X

1st Az XX

11th Az

X

6th Az

X 1st Az

III

1st Az

X

10th Az X

5th Az X

• AH posturing forces for possible attack on AZ

• Insurgent activity in AZ supported by AH

• AH goal appears to be seizure of AZ key economic POL infrastructure and resources

• AZ forces unable to defend without assistance

• EUCOM directs COA development for military support of AZ

Situation Overview

8th Az X

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Restated Mission

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“JTF Caspian”



Initial Mission Statement

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JTF CASPIAN executes Flexible Deterrent Options to deter Ahurastan attack against Azerbaijan. On order, JTF CASPIAN deploys additional forces to the area of operations and takes actions to deter and defend Azerbaijan territory against an Auhurastan attack; and as required, conducts offensive operations to restore the preconflict international borders of Ahurastan and Azerbaijan. ICW the Government of Azerbaijan, conducts stability operations, and transitions operations back to Azerbaijan Security Forces or other designated authority when directed.



CJCS Intent

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Higher (CJCS) Mission & Intent

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Mission: CDR US EUCOM establishes a CJTF to conduct military operations in support of the GOAZ to protect and defend AZ Sovereignty.

Courses of Action (Key Tasks): US assistance may include but not be limited to the following tasks:

-Conduct Show of Force

-Protect & Defend AZ Territory, Infrastructure & LOCs

-Conduct other Military Ops as Required



CJTF “Caspian Guard” Initial Criteria

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COCOM’s Initial Criteria

1. Risk of Triggering Deployment of AH Forces

2. Risk of Coalition Casualties in Event of Attack

3. Time to Emplace FDOs

4. Time for Coalition to Seize Initiative

5. Amount of Destruction to AZ Military & Infrastructure

6. Amount of Destruction to B-T-C Pipeline

7. Risk of AH use of WMD & SCUDS

8. Risk that IDP Issues Affect Operations (IO, Sanctuary, Interference)

9. Risk of Diminishing International Support

10. Ability of SAPA to Disrupt Coalition Operations

11. Risk of Russian Intervention (in Ossetia/Abkhazia/Armenia)

12. Risk of Escalation of Hostilities in N-K



COCOM Commander's Additional Planning Guidance

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Additional Planning Assumptions

• UN Security Council will adopt Resolution supporting military action if required

• Russia will allow over flight rights to US friendly nations but not ground transit or basing of troops

• Armenia will not allow use of territory or airspace for operations in support of Azerbaijan

• UN N-K operations area will not allow use of its AO for operations in support of Azerbaijan

• Azerbaijan, Georgia, and Turkey will provide HN support • Sufficient airlift and sealift is available to execute this plan • Egypt will ensure Suez Canal remains open and available for use • Turkey and UK will contribute forces for defensive and offensive

operations • UK and Turkey will provide at least a brigade of ground forces • AZ will have at least one division of ground forces • International force (UN or NATO) will accept PKO/PEO at conclusion of

major ground combat operations C508



Additional Planning Considerations

• Constraints: – Defend against Ahurastan attack

• Restraints: – Stay out of N-K – Stay out of Armenia

• Other Factors: – Russian force presence in Georgia – Infrastructure:

• Limited PODs – SPOD – Poti in Georgia and far away from fight – Few APODs (see list in Scenario Ref. Books)

• GLOCs – Small rail and 1xMSR

• Anticipate Main Battle Area “land-locked” far from SPOD C508



Joint Ops Area (JOA) “Command Directed”

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JTF-JOA

JOA C508

CJTF CASPIAN JOA • Georgia – • Armenia - • Turkey – • Azerbaijan and Caspian - • Ahurastan and Caspian - • Eastern Black Sea – • Eastern Mediterranean minus Cyprus –

COCOM Commander's Guidance for COA Dev

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COCOM’s Guidance for COA Development

General Guidance for “Command Directed COA”: – I want our “Deter” Phase I to mirror our CONPLAN (4567-018) – I want an ad hoc Working Group to shape Phase II (“Seize Initiative”) of

the CONPLAN such that we initiate a “pre-emptive” strike against AH/SAPA before they have a chance to attack into AZ.

– I want an ad hoc Working Group to shape Phase III (“Dominate”) of the CONPLAN to attack into AH (limited) IOT destroy and disrupt AH (OSC-E & OSC-W march columns) and establish an LOA that could later be used for eventual Exclusion Zones (Land & No-Fly).

– These modifications to Phase II and Phase III should set conditions for AZ to protect and maintain their own Border, defend against insurgents and restore AZ Infrastructure.

– Once AZ is capable we will transition operations to AZ Government and re-deploy our forces.

– I want an ad hoc Working Group to design a concept for Phase IV (Stabilize) and Phase V (Enable Civil Authority) focusing on “Governance” and “Rule of Law”. C508



Force Recommendation (Approved/Apportioned)

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Proposed Command Relationship

CJTF

JFACC JFLCC JFSOCC JFMCC MARFOR

UK TU

AZ MOD

Coordination TACON OPCON COCOM

AZ Forces

UK TU UK TU UK

• “Consider an Integrated Command Structure. UK & TU Forces will probably agree to a TACON relationship to the respective CJTF Components. Take a good look at the AZ Defense Concept.”

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GA MOD

GA Forces

CMOC CMOC



Command Relationships (Approved)

“Command Directed” C508

“JTF Caspian”



USAFE USAREUR SOCEUR NAVEUR MARFOREUR

X

XXX

X

CSS

X

X

X

X

XCBTE

A

UK Air Force

ESG

CSG

SAG

MPS

PATRON

SAG

I SF

X SF

NSWTG

PSYOPS

JSOAC

AETF

AEF

ASOG

Forces Available – (COA)

UK Navy

UK Army

UK Commando

X

A

TU Air Force

SAG

TU Navy

TU Army

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CJTF

JFACC JFLCC JFSOCC JFMCC MARFOR

UK TU

AZ MOD

AZ

Coordination TACON OPCON COCOM

UK UK UK TU TU

AZ AZ

Command Relationship – (COA)

AETF

AEF

ASOG

A

A

A

X

XXX

X

CSS

X

XCBTE

X

X

X

XX

X

III

ESG

CSG

SAG

MPS

PATRON

SAG SAG

Patrol Boats

X X SF

NSWTG

PSYOPS

JSOAC

I SF

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GA MOD



Tasks to the Joint Planning Group

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Operational Planning Application “JTF Caspian Guard COA Development”

Working Groups (Current Plans & Ops)


Working Group #1 MAJ Marcus Perez

MAJ Todd Stevenson MAJ Sean Kaubisch

Mr. Jeremy Sims

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Expand CCIR - FFIR & PIR Categorize & Link to DPs

Determine Military OBJs & End State Enemy & Friendly

Draw (JTF-Level) CoG Analysis Enemy & Friendly



Commander’s CCIR (PIR - Approved)


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CCIR - FFIR

Operational Planning Application “JTF Caspian”

C412A

1. What is the host nation and nongovernmental organizations (NGO)/private voluntary organizations (PVO) capacity to handle internally displaced persons (IDP) in the potential combat zone?

2. Are there any infrastructure limitations affecting force access?

3. Will the security conditions in Georgia deteriorate/disrupt our line of communications?

4. Has there been a loss of an APOD/SPOD?

5. Have there been any attacks on Coalition Forces (to include AZDF)?

6. Has a negative IO event occurred?

7. Has there been any delay of TPFDD forces and equipment?

8. Is there any loss of Coalition Support?

9. Where have AZ Forces been in contact?

10. Has there been a formal UNSCR Request?


CCIR - PIR


1. Will AH actually attack or fuel the South Azeri Peoples’ Army insurgency and destabilize the Azerbaijan government over a longer period of time?

2. Will any regional countries assist AH?

3. What action, if any, will Turkey take in a US/AH conflict?

4. What action, if any, will Armenia take in a US/AH conflict?

5. What action, if any, will Russia take in a US/AH conflict?

6. Where is SAPA deliberate targeting civilians?

7. Where are enemy C2 nodes located?

8. Has there been any use of WMD (If so…where)?

9. Have there been any violations of internationally recognized borders in JOA?

10. What is the location of OSC- East?

11. What is the location of any SAPA camps?

12. SAPA Leadership?

13. Where are the enemy reserves?

14. Where are AH/SAPA massing their forces?

15. Are AH/SAPA forces in retrograde?


Military OBJs &

End State


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Coalition (CJTF) Objective(s): &

Coalition Military (Operational) Objectives:


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“JTF Caspian”


AH/SAPA “MLCOA” (Operational) Objective(s): &

AH/SAPA “MLCOA” Military (Operational) Objectives:


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“JTF Caspian”


AH/SAPA “MDCOA” (Operational) Objective(s): &

AH/SAPA “MDCOA” Military (Operational) Objectives:


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“JTF Caspian”


CoG Analysis


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CC

CV

CR

CoG

END STATE

AH/SAPA

Coalition

JTF-Level CoG Analysis: CoG/CC/CR/CV Linkages


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“JTF Caspian”


Working Group # 2 MAJ Brandon Hathorne

MAJ Chris Nohle MAJ Nick Netherly

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Draw the Operational Approaches LOO Diagrams: Enemy (OSC-E) Friendly (CJTF Caspian)

Synch Work with WG#1



Phasing +

Lines of Operation +

Decisive Points


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“JTF Caspian”


1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

CoG

DPs

Coalition LOO w/DPs + Phases/Sequencing of Ops

Campaign Phases

Ph

ysic

al/

Log

ica

l LO

Os


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“JTF Caspian”


1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

CoG

DPs

AH/SAPA LOO w/DPs + Phases/Sequencing of Ops

Campaign Phases

Ph

ysic

al/

Log

ica

l LO

Os


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Working Group #3 Maj Deej Wyrick MAJ Theo Sager

MAJ Jesse Iglesias

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Draw COA Concept Sketches: Phases II & III

End States Risk Array Forces Component OBJs & Effects UJTL Tasks (TBD)



Array of Forces Component OBJs & Effects Operational (UJTL) Tasks

“Command Directed”


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“JTF Caspian”


Phase I – Deter Set Conditions – When Directed

End State: Coalition freedom of maneuver is established with APODs/SPODs/LOCs open and secure. A credible deterrent force is in place. AH is deterred with a legitimate Azerbaijan government in place, postured to support JRSOI / follow-on operations. Risk: Aggression by internal belligerents and AH, aided by insurgent and criminal elements in Georgia and Azerbaijan, resulting in denied access to key LOCs

BPT JRSOI and force flow into AZ and to secure APOD

Secure SPOD/APOD/GLOC into AZ

Conduct Air/Sea Patrols; FID operations

SOF SE

(-) CJFACC MAIN

EFFORT

CJFLCC SE

JFMCC SE


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Supported CJFACC Objective: Deploy forces into theater Effect: Secure ALOCs, conduct electronic surveillance, and conduct defensive counter-air operations Supporting CJFMCC Objective: Open and secure SLOCs, secure SPODs Effect: Maintain coalition FOM CJFLCC Objective: Deploy forces, conduct JRSOI, and conduct link-up with AZDF Effect: Build a cohesive defense capability within AZ CJFSOC Objective: Conduct FID operations within AZ Effect: Support development of AZ internal defense forces Command and Control (OP-5): Movement and Maneuver (OP-1): Fires/IO (OP-3): Sustainment (OP-4): Intelligence (OP-2): Protection/IO (OP-6):

OSC-W

OSC-E

SAPA

AZ

AZ

AZ

GA

Phase II – Seize the Initiative/ Assure Friendly Freedom of Action

End State Risk:

INITIAL CONDITIONS: • Forces deployed; APODs/SPODs secured • Deterrence measures failed • CJTF conducts pre-emptive strike • POTUS authorizes use of force

SOF SE

(-) JFACC MAIN

EFFORT

OSC-W

CFLCC SE

JFMCC SE


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Supported CJFACC Objective: Effect: Supporting CJFMCC Objective: Effect: CJFLCC Objective: Effect: CJFSOCC Objective Effect: Command and Control (OP-5): Movement and Maneuver (OP-1): Fires/IO (OP-3): Sustainment (OP-4): Intelligence (OP-2): Protection/IO (OP-6):

OSC-E

AZ

AZ

AZ

SAPA

GA

Phase III – Dominate

End State: Risk:

C/JFLCC initiates counter offensive to fix and destroy AH forces in order to restore pre-conflict boarder.

SOF SE

(-) JFACC

SE

CFLCC ME

JFMCC SE

Secures SLOCs to maintain operational mobility.

Initial Conditions: • JFLCC forces are closed in TAA • AH’s OSC-E is attritted by 30%


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Supported CJFLCC Objective: Effect: Supporting CJFMCC Objective: Effect: CJFACC Objective: Effect: CJSOTF Objective: Effect: Command and Control (OP-5): Movement and Maneuver (OP-1): Fires/IO (OP-3): Sustainment (OP-4): Intelligence (OP-2): Protection/IO (OP-6):

OSC-W

OSC-E

AZ

AZ

AZ

SAPA

GA

Phase IV – Stability Starting Conditions: Termination

of Major Combat Operations

End State: USEUCOM by the end of this phase transitions stability operations to the United Nations or other International Organizations. This is accomplished through restoring Azerbaijan's territorial integrity and sovereignty which provides a stable environment for the government to effectively function as independent government. Finally, US forces will begin preparations for redeployment and return to security cooperation activities in Azerbaijan. Risk: Buffer Zone has to be monitored and will cause an impact in stability forces committed. Civil Military Operations in Azerbaijan will increase insurgent operations.

SE: Conduct operations to protect and Secure SLOCs

ME: Conduct reconstruction and stability operations

SE: Maintain air superiority in the Joint Operations Area

SE: Integrate Host-Nation Security Forces and means

SOF SE

(-) JFACC

SE

CFLCC ME

JFMCC SE


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Supported CJFLCC Objective: Conduct reconstruction and stability operations Effect IOT re-establish security and promote GOA legitimacy Objective: Establish IPD Camps Effect: To assist host nation or IO/PVO/NGO camps which are exceeding capacity Supporting CJFMCC Objective: Conduct operations to protect and Secure SLOCs Effect: IOT Provide freedom of maneuver Objective: Conduct Water Space Management Effect: IOT to provide logistical support to ground forces CJFACC Objective: Maintain air superiority in the Joint Operations Area Effect: Ensure freedom of movement Objective: Provide close air support for ground forces Effect: Deter threat to ground forces from enemy activity CJSOTF Objective: Integrate Host-Nation Security Forces and means Effect: IOT Transition to a peacetime environment and enhance internal security Objective: Provide Counter- Psychological Operations Effect: IOT counter any enemy propaganda in the AO Command and Control (OP-5): Movement and Maneuver (OP-1): Fires/IO (OP-3): Sustainment (OP-4): Intelligence (OP-2): Protection/IO (OP-6):

OSC-W OSC-E

AZ

AZ

AZ

SAPA IPK

IPK

IPK IPK

NGO

PVO

GA

End State: JFC completes redeployment and trans operations to alliance led or IPK operations Risk: Legitimacy of HN Gov, alienation of people, must maintain the respect of population in both GO and AZ.

SOF SE

(-) CFACC

SE

CFLCC ME

CFMCC SE

Phase V: Civil Authority & Redeployment


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Initial Conditions: •CFLCC trans to alliance led or INTL PK force and return responsibility of defensive positions to AZ DF Supported Command: CFLCC Objective: Transition/redeploy, and support TSC activities ICW ODC Effect: Promote long tem stability in region IOT transition security to Gov AZ. Supporting Command: CFACC Objective: Transition ZOS/EZ, maintain air/space superiority for PC and redeployment ops Effect: Transition to alliance led/IPK force to redeploy JFMCC Objective: Establish/enforce EZ (Black Sea) and secure SLOCs for redeployment Effect: Protect SLOCs IOT maintain FOM and unfettered REDEP CFSOCC Objective: Continue FID w GEO/AZ military and monitor AH military Effect: Assist GO/AZ forces to trans to peacetime environment and enhance internal security Command and Control (OP-5): Movement and Maneuver (OP-1): Fires/IO (OP-3): Sustainment (OP-4): Intelligence (OP-2): Protection/IO (OP-6):

OSC-W OSC-E

AZ

AZ

AZ

SAPA IPK

IPK

IPK IPK

NGO

PVO

GA

Working Group #4 MAJ Suzanna Hutin

MAJ Glenda Simasiku

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Determine Culmination/Points of Failure Enemy Campaign Friendly Campaign

Synch Efforts with WGs #1 & #2 Support WGs 1-3 as necessary…



Points of Failure Culmination


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“JTF Caspian”


Coalition Points of Failure

Cause(s) of Failure?

DP

(@ which DP?)

LOO

(Along what LOO?)

Phase

(During which Phase?)


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“JTF Caspian”


AH/SAPA Points of Failure

Cause(s) of Failure?

DP

(@ which DP?)

LOO

(Along what LOO?)

Phase

(During which Phase?)


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“JTF Caspian”


Tasks to the Joint Planning Group

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Working Groups (Future Plans & Ops)


Working Group #5 MAJ Rich Donaldson

Maj Cat Sumruld

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Develop a Design Sketch for Ph IV/V: “Rule of Law” Incorporate: Current State/Condition – End State Lines of Effort MOPs & MOEs



Working Group #6 MAJ David Bustamante

MAJ Steve Sevigny

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Develop a Design Sketch for Ph IV/V: “Governance” Incorporate: Current State/Condition – End State Lines of Effort MOPs & MOEs




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“JTF Caspian”


Working Group #7 JPG Leader – CJTF J5

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Develop a Sequencing of Ops Matrix Generate an Initial DST/DSM



Guidance for COA Dev “Critical Decisions”


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“JTF Caspian”


Guidance for COA Dev (Critical Decisions)


1. Deployment of Coalition Forces.

2. Coalition Forces initiate a pre-emptive strike against AH/SAPA forces.

3. Coalition Forces continue Offensive Ops into AH IOT defeat AH Forces & neutralize SAPA and disrupt OSC-E/OSC-W march columns.

4. Transition to CMO and facilitate deployment of NGOs, PVOs, and IPK Forces.

5. DoS takes lead in nation-building.

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Sequencing of Ops DST/DSM


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“JTF Caspian”


LCC

MCC

ACC

SOF

Military

End State

Deter Seize Initiative Dominate Stabilize Enable Civil Authority Transition/Redeploy

3 4 5

1

Supporting Effort

Main Effort

C+DP1 C+DP2 C+DP3 C+DP 4

DPs Decision Criteria CCIRs

1

2

3

4

5

?

Branch

Legend

Sequencing of Operations – (COA)

2

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Questions?


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Begin COA Development

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