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A REVIEW COURSE FORB1 LEVEL

Nguyn Vn Tun, MA.

Hue College of Foreign Languages


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1.1 I love meeting people

Vocabulary:- Interests: acting, books, listening to

dance music, playing the guitar, pop

music, fashion, shopping- Sport: athletics, football, the gym, ice

hockey, mountain biking, tennis

- Computer: chatting online, chat rooms,online computer games

- Social activities: chatting with friends,

making new friends


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7. Whats my hobby?1. I dont mind being on my own or staying at

home. I like computer and indoor activities

which are quiet and relaxing.2. I like doing things outdoors and love

animals, but I am also artistic. I also like

doing things on my own.3. I cant stand staying at home. I prefer being

outside and doing sports, but I dont really

like animals


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9. Write an online profileHi, Im______ and Imfrom_____ .I like______

and________ . I hate ______and I cant stand_____ . I

want to ________and________.

1.


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1.2 Keeping in touch2. Give reasons for your answers.

1. I think text is the best because itwould be very noisy and difficult tohear a telephone conversation

2. I think email is best because youcan send a link to the website.

3. I think mobile phone is the bestbecause you can explain why youare going to be late and how longyou will be.


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1.2 Keeping in touch

2. Give reasons for your answers.4. I think a postcard is best because

you can send a picture of the place

where you are staying.5. I think landline is best because you

might want to talk for a long time


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1.2 Keeping in touch8. Writing extra

Discuss the questions in pairs.

1. How much time do you spend on

the computer?2. Do you use chat rooms? Why/whynot/

3. What games do you play on thecomputer?

4. What is your favourite website?

5. Do you think the internet is safe?


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1.2 Keeping in touch10. Write an email

Hi Alex,

Would you like to come over to my

house tomorrow? Ive just bought anew computer. Its great, so muchquicker than my old one. We canplay this new game that Ivediscovered.

Hope you an come.

From_________


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2.1 Hes the youngest brotherVocabulary

A: cheerful, confident, kind, lazy, shyB: elderly, in his/her thirtiesC: bald, a beard, curly hair, fair hair, glasses,

handsome, a moustache, pretty, slim,

tallD: a grandparent, a twin2. To be:bald, cheerful, confident, elderly, a

grandparent, handsome, in his thirties,kind, lazy, pretty, shy, slim, tall, a twinTo have:a beard, curly hair, fair hair,

glasses, a moustache


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2.1 Hes the youngest brother6. Write sentences

1. I think teenagers are friendlierthan elderly people becausethey need to have more friends.

2. Men are more hard working thanwomen because women wastehours every day chatting.

3. Shy people are not as attractiveas confident people because abig smile makes everyone looks

better.


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2.2 Such a messy room

1.armchair 3 blinds 1 carpet 1,3

ceiling 1,2,3,4 cupboard 4 curtains 2

cushion 1,2,4 desk 3 drawers 1

duvet 1,2,3 fan 1 mirror 3,4

pillow 1,2,4 photos 2 posters 2

rubbish bin 3 shelf 2,3


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2.2 Such a messy room

1.armchair 3 blinds 1 carpet 1,3

ceiling 1,2,3,4 cupboard 4 curtains 2

cushion 1,2,4 desk 3 drawers 1

duvet 1,2,3 fan 1 mirror 3,4

pillow 1,2,4 photos 2 posters 2

rubbish bin 3 shelf 2,3


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3.1 It used to be different

1. Speaking

1.

1. The people are singing around the piano.2. The boy is writing a letter.

3. The man is making a phone call.

4. The women are getting dressed.

5. The woman is washing clothes.

2.

1. Today people watch TV for entertainment.

2. Today people phone or use email.

3. Today people have mobile phones.

4. Today people wear jeans or T-shirts.

5. Today people have washing machines.


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6.

1. got up 2. used to wash 3. took

4. had to 5. used to wear 6. looked

7. used to watch 8. used to play


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7.

Photo 1: This family is watching television

together. They are eating something in thebowl. They are all laughing. Three of them

are sitting in the sofa. Three of the people arewearing jeans. There is a lamp next to the

sofa. The man is saying something to the

woman. The children are talking about thecartoon film on the TV. They look about 10

and 12. The boy is playing with a cat and the

girl is eating an ice-cream.


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7.

Photo 2: This family is playing football on the

beach. It is a sunny day and the sky is blue.The man is standing in the goal. The woman

is holding a ball in her arms, They are allwearing shorts and have bare feet. The

woman is wearing a sun hat. The girl is

shouting to the boy. The boy is runningtoward the goal. The man is waiting for the

boy to come. The man is wearing sunglasses.


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7.


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8.

Dimitri eats meals, plays sport and watches

sport. He used to do homework, dohousework and go on holiday. Elena eats

meals. She used to do housework and go onholiday.

9. Dimitri asks Elena a question to star the

conversation. They both talk for about thesame length of time. The involve each other

by asking questions and using phases such

as What about you?


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3.2 The street is lined with trees


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1.

- Photo 1 shows New Jersey port in New

York. This is the largest port in the eastcoast of North America, and is at the centre

of the busiest consumer market in theworld.

- Photo 2 is the Red Square in Moscow. The

photo shows Basils Cathedral, at the southeast end of Red Square. It is one of the most

famous squares in the world.


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1.

- Photo 3 shows Carnaby Street in

Central London. This is a famous

pedestrianised shopping area nearOxford Street.

- Photo 4 shows a metro station outside

one of the most famous departmentstores in Paris, Galeries La fayettes.


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1.

- Photo 3 shows Carnaby Street in

Central London. This is a famous

pedestrianised shopping area nearOxford Street.

- Photo 4 shows a metro/an

underground station outside one of themost famous department stores in

Paris, Galeries La fayettes.


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1.

A. What can you do in the cities? Do

you visit the museums? go shopping?

Go to the cinema? Take photographs?etc.

B. Whats your favourite city? Why?


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2.

1. port 2. tower 3. square

4. pedestrian 5. underground

6. statue


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3.2 The street is lined with trees4.

1. A 2. A 3. B 4. A 5.B6. A 7. A 8. B 9. B 10. A

- In pairs, plan a day out in Montreal.

-Language for making suggestion:Why dont we..........? We could ........

Lets ..................

-Time sequences:

First,........, after that........., next.........,finally...........


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6.

1. In 1852 much of the city was destroyed by a large

fire.

2. In the 1960s and 70s many old buildings were

repaired.3. Old Montreal was declared a historic district in

1964.

4. In 1988 an ice storm caused $1 billion worth of

damage to the city.

5. Many famous films were made in Montreal.

6. 66% of Montrealers speak French as their first

language.


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EXAM GUIDEDear Mark,

Yes, I had a job in a shop last summer and Iloved it. It was a shoe shop in the town centre. I

had to work long hours but I met some really

nice people and I made a lot of money. I will use

it to buy a car when I go to college next year. You

are lucky that your uncle has a shop. I you do,

you will save money too. If you do not work, you

will get bored because the summer holidays arequite long. Let me know your decision.

Best wishes,

Jack


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EXAM GUIDEDear Hayley,

Thank you for your letter. How are you? You areright. I worked in a clothes shop last summer,

but I did not like it. I had to work from 8 a.m.

until 6 p.m. and it was hard. I do not know about

working in a book shop. I have never worked in a

book shop. I do not think you should work all the

summer. If you work, you will be tired and

maybe you will not have time for fun on thebeach. Write soon and tell me what you decide.

Lots of love,

Emilie


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EXAM GUIDEIt was my birthday last month, so I had a party

and I got lots of presents. I put all the presents inmy bedroom and I opened them after my party. I

liked the presents and I said thank you to

everyone. Two weeks later the phone rang. It was

my grandmother, who asked me if I had liked mypresent. I was very embarrassed because I did

not know anything about a present from my

grandmother. I went upstairs and looked in my

bedroom. Under the bed there was a little box. I

pulled it out and opened it. It was a beautiful

necklace from my grandmother. I loved it


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LITTLE THINGS

Little drops of waterLittle grains of sand

Make the vast oceanAnd the pleasant land.

Little deeds of kindness

Little words of loveMake the Earth happy

Like the Heaven above.


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DREAMS

Hold fast to dreamsFor if dreams die

Life is a broken-winged bird

That cannot fly

Hold fast to dreams

For if dreams goLife is a barren field

Frozen with snow


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4.1

8. Dear Philip,

I think its a good idea to organize a party for yourparents. A restaurant would be nice but it is quiteexpensive. Why dont you have the party at home andask all your parents friends to help you with thefood? Everyone could bring a different dish and in

that way the food will be delicious but cheap. I willhelp you decorate the house and clean up afterwards.I dont think its a good idea to make it a surpriseparty. It will be difficult to keep it secret and you willgive yourself a lot more stress! Good luck and let me

know how it goes.Take care

Florence


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4.2 Youll be given a lot to eat1.

Food:bitter, creamy, delicious,

disgusting, excellent, salty, simple,traditional

Service:excellent, slow

Atmosphere:lively, relaxed,

unfriendly Restaurant:excellent, fashionable,modern, smart, stylish, traditional


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Countable:a couple of, a few, few,many, several

Uncountable:a great deal of, a little,much

Both:all of, lots of, most, no, none

of, plenty of, some


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0%- no/none of, few/little, afew/a little, a couple of,

several, some, much/many,plenty of, a great deal of,

most, all of- 100%


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- How many restaurants are there in

your neighborhood?

-How far is the nearest restaurantfrom your house?

- What type of food do therestaurants serve?


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- There are six restaurants in my

neighborhood. The best restaurant

is Am Phu Restaurant. It is atraditional restaurant and serves

delicious food.

C h i i


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Comprehension tactics

Delaying the response to revise infothrough STM

Reconstructing the segment (with thehelp of the context)

When interpreters have not properly heard orunderstood a technical term, name, number,or other type of speech segment, then they

can try to reconstruct it in their mind usingtheir knowledge of the language, the subject,and the situation.

Preventative tactics


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Taking notesWhen the speech contains figures andnames that interpreters feel they may forgetand that they cannot reformulate right away

for syntactic reasons, they may take themdown in notes.

Changing the Ear Voice Span (EVS)

EVS is the time lag between comprehension

and reformulationBy lagging further behind, interpretersincrease comprehension potential, but mayoverload short-term memory.



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Taking notesWhen the speech contains figures andnames that interpreters feel they may forgetand that they cannot reformulate right away

for syntactic reasons, they may take themdown in notes.

Changing the Ear Voice Span (EVS)

EVS is the time lag between comprehension

and reformulationBy lagging further behind, interpretersincrease comprehension potential, but mayoverload short-term memory.



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Segmentation

This is applied when faced with potential overload ofmemory, as with a source language and a target languagethat are syntactically very different. By the means ofsegmentation, short - term memory can help interpreterskeep in mind the original structure and rearrangeinformation at the same time.

Changing the order of elements in anenumeration

Enumerations are high-density speech segments,especially with names, which can be reproduced fromechoic memory (memory of the sound), or with terms whichare easily transcoded.

Omitting

Exercises


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Exercises

1. Exercise 1 (comprehensive listening):

Yesterday, Tom has an unforgettable experience. While drivingto school, he had seen a crowd in street. He asked a person whatthey were doing. Well, Robbin Williams here. Everybody wantsto see him and have his signature . Wow Tom thought

Hes my idol. But how to get close? I have an examination thismorning. Leaving with regret, he were so surprised and couldntbelieve in his eyes, a stranger in his car, looking at him andsmiling Come on, guy. Help me to hide, just a moment- saidRobbin.

After playing tapes, the listeners are required to say what they canremember about the story:

- Name of main character: Tom

- Time: Yesterday

- Event: Robbin William his idol asked Tom to help him avoid thecrowd.

E i 2 (S I t i li t i )


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Exercise 2: (Sequences Intensive listening)(1) As some recent researches prove, some fruits like apple,

grape, tomato, orange, melon and peach are rich of vitamin C.

The list is about object, listeners can use short-term memory torename adequately.

(2) If you want to sign in the security system, you need to have apersonal identification number (PIN), for example:784291736520

The utterance includes twelve digits without order, then a tip to useshort-term memory for memorizing is chunk: divide the numberinto set of digits (2 or 3 digits per chunk):

- 784 291 736 520

- 78 42 91 73 65 20

(3) Vietnam history has witness many victories against invaders:from Ngo dynasty to Ly, Tran, Le empires in the previousmillennium.

In this case, listeners should pay attention to the time sequences torename the subjects: Ngo, Ly, Tran, Le

E i 3 (Obj t Li ti ith t)


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Exercise 3 (Object Listing with arrangement)I have to learn a lot of subjects at school but justsome of them are in my favor. At primary school, I

was very good at history and geography. The latter isalso my favorite subject at secondary school Highschool, uhm, let I remember, maths, chemistry andphysicsall natural sciences Well, I forget, I was

also interested in music at junior high school becauseI seemed to be talent at this subject.

The speaker provided a number of subject but the point of time may

be confusing. Therefore, when using short - term memory, thelisteners should rearrange items as well:

- Primary school: history, geography

- Secondary school: geography, music

- High school: maths, chemistry, physics

E i 4 (Sh t t ) I t t th k t


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Exercise 4: (Short - term memory game)I went to the marketRead a poem (if preferred):

Jonny went to the market. Jonny went to the store.But when poor Jonny got there, he forgot what he

went there for.

Momma gave him a list. Momma gave it to him

twice.

And what Momma wanted was a big bag of rice.

Then the first player add: Momma wanted rice and

carrotsThe next player repeat and add another items

Momma wanted rice, carrots and a cake.

E ercise 4 (Short term memor game) I ent to the market


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Exercise 4: (Short - term memory game)I went to the marketRead a poem (if preferred):

Jonny went to the market. Jonny went to the store.But when poor Jonny got there, he forgot what he

went there for.

Momma gave him a list. Momma gave it to him

twice.

And what Momma wanted was a big bag of rice.

Then the first player add: Momma wanted rice and

carrotsThe next player repeat and add another items

Momma wanted rice, carrots and a cake.

Exercise 5: (Categorization)


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Exercise 5: (Categorization)European governments are dealing with a different issue linkedto immigration and population growth. Racial and ethnictensions are increasing in some European countries. This issue

intensified last year in France when hundreds of young Arab andAfrican men rioted. They were protesting against economicinequality and the failure of French society to accept them. Manyrioters were the children of immigrants who had moved fromcountries like Algeria and Tunisia in the nineteen fifties and

sixties.The population of Europe is also aging faster than any other partof the world, except Japan. Birth rates are also down in manyEuropean countries. Experts say the number of people dependingon workers will rise as the number of workers falls. They say

spending in European countries will have to increase forretirement, health care and long-term care for old people in thefuture.

Trainees should pay attention to two sub topics in the passage


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Trainees should pay attention to two sub-topics in the passage,then classifying items in the two grounds:

- Immigration: Racial and ethnic tensions

+ Issue: A riot in France

+ Reasons:

. Economic equality

. Failure of society acceptance

- Population Growth:

+ Issue: Aging faster

+ Impacts: More spending on:

. Retirement,

. Health care

. Longterm care for old people


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Exercise 6: (Generalization)

The Chinese government said its one-child policy has led to fasteconomic growth. Yet, some people believe it has created atroubled economic future. Wang Feng is an expert on Chinesepopulation issues at the University of California-Irvine in theUnited States. He says fewer people will be entering the Chineseworkforce in coming years. But, more people over age sixty-fivewill be demanding retirement payments from the government.

So he says a smaller workforce could have bad effects on theeconomy.

Experts believe Chinas one-child policy has affected the countryin other ways. Chinese society values sons over daughters. Someparents choose to end a pregnancy if the fetus is a girl. So more

boys than girls are born in China. As a result, experts say aboutforty million Chinese men will not be able to find women tomarry within the next fifteen years. Experts say this could lead tokidnappings and more trafficking of woman and girls.


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The speaker much discussed the disadvantages

of Chinas one-child policy; however, facilitating

short - term memory in such context needs thetechnique of generalization:

The disadvantages of Chinas one-child policy:- Bad economic effects:

+ Smaller workforce

+ Increased retirement payments- Gender imbalance: more boys than girls -> girlskidnapping and trafficking


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Exercise 7: (Comparison)

Many people around the world are trying to create new kinds

of businesses. Entrepreneurs organize, build and supporttheir business proposals. They may have ideas about new

products. Or, they may have ideas about new ways to do

business.

Social entrepreneurs are similar to business entrepreneurs.However, social entrepreneurs try to improve conditions in

their communities. They organize, build, and support new and

creative projects. Their goal is to improve peoples lives. Their

work is very important. Usually, social entrepreneurs do not

receive much support for their work. However, the WorldBank is trying to change this. The bank recognizes the need

for social entrepreneurs and has developed a special

program to offer them support.


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Criteria Private entrepreneurs Social

entrepreneurs

Performance organize, build and supporttheir business proposals organize, build,and support new and creative projects

Goal products Living conditions

Reading skills


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g Reading for gist and main ideas

Reading for details

Identifying the meaning of new words and

expressions through affixation, word order, syntax

and context

Identifying the meaning of new words andexpressions through lexical cohesive devices

including synonyms, antonyms and hyponyms

Identifying the writers style: literary, scientific,

argumentative

Identifying the language level used in the text:

formal or informal

Identifying the culturally-specific words

Researching skills


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Researching skills

Using bilingual dictionaries for looking up

meanings of new words Using monolingual dictionaries to check the use of

the new words in the source language and thetarget language

Using related encyclopedias and glossary lists forthe terms

Referring to journals to be familiar with the subjectto be translated

Using online resources effectively

Researching and using CAT tools


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Analytical skills

Analyzing beginnings and endings of ideas in thetext and the relationships between these ideas

Analyzing to identify the appropriate meaning that

fits into the context

Analyzing to identify the structure in the target

language that best represents the source text

Analyzing to identify coherent ideas and the best

cohesive devices in the target language thatrepresent the source text


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Translation skills

Using correct word order of target language Using correct sentence structures of target

language

Translating the meaning of the source text

precisely Using paraphrases to convey the overall meaningtranslated

Making changes to the text as a whole to give it asense of the original without distorting the originalideas

Trying one or more of the following strategieswhen problems of untranslatability arise

Strategies


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Strategies

Syntactic strategies

+ Shifting word order+ Changing clauses/sentence structures

+ Adding or omitting conjunctions

Semantic strategies+ Using synonyms

+ Using hyponyms

+ Redistributing the information

Pragmatic strategies+ Changing style for natural translation

+ Making the text more explicit


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WHAT A NOVICE INTERPRETER SHOULD DO

Before interpreting-Language and its use:

+ Improving knowledge and use of target and sourcelanguages through reading books and newspapers,

listening to the radio and television to be familiar withdifferent discourse genres related to interpretation

+ Searching for an appropriate, accurate, and natural wayof using both the source language and the target languageby observing how native speakers to use their language in

real-life situations+ Searching for proper addressing terms



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Before interpreting

-Psychological Readiness+ Being ready to face tension with an I-can-do-it feeling+ Being confident to think that nobody can interpretbetter and find out his mistakes

-Researching the subject to be translated

+ Having to understand the subject to be translated inadvance

+ Having to collect as many documents to betranslated as possible from project workers,

presenters+ Having to look up terms and study discourse genresto be interpreted by referring to different kinds ofdictionaries and reports already collected frompresenters



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Before interpreting- Bringing tools and asking for payment

+ A recorder for recording the interpretation to improveinterpretation, remembering to ask for permission

+ Pens and papers for taking notes the numbers, organizationnames+ Asking for the presenters copies for the new terms or askingabout the information to be presented if the copies are not

available+ Negotiating the price and signing a payment contract if possible

WHAT A NOVICE INTERPRETER SHOULD HAVE


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WHAT A NOVICE INTERPRETER SHOULD HAVE

While interpreting

-Working situations+ Simultaneous interpretation of reports inconferences+ Face-to-face meeting between project or

organization directors and village leaders andvillagers+ Formal meeting between project board ofdirectors and local authorities and agencies+ Meeting between project representatives andvillagers in the village hall+ Group discussions and plenary discussions+ Field interpretation

+ Interviewing the project beneficiaries



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While interpreting- The interpreter

+ always speaks up to ensure that the message isclearly heard and understood by the audience.+ should ask the speaker to raise the volume of hisvoice when he speaks too softly.+ should listen to the speaker with full concentrationwhile performing the job.+ should not look at the written version of the speechif the speaker provides him with one, because this willinterfere with his concentration.+ should take notes some particular points during adiscussion in a way that he understands the notesclearly.+ should raise his voice to reach the audiencestanding far from the speaker when interpreting at theproject site.



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After interpreting

+ The interpreter should be proud of andsatisfied with the mission he has justcompleted successfully.

+ The interpreter should play back therecording to assess what happened onstage in order to ensure a poor

performance can be improved in future.+ The interpreter should recall andrecord necessary terms that may appear

in next assignment.

SUGGESTIONS


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1. The students majoring in translation and interpretationshould be provided with sufficient linguisticcompetence and performance for their future jobs. Thestudents majoring in translation should be wellequipped with reading and writing skills while thestudents majoring in interpretation should be wellequipped with listening and reading skills.

2. It is advisable to supply basic translation theory for the

students so that they can apply the theory to theirtranslation practice.

3. The students should be provided with good culturalknowledge and cross-cultural knowledge incommunication.

4. It is necessary to teach the students to use the Internetfor referring online dictionaries and exploiting CATtools.

5. The students need to be supplied with the way toidentify and analyze different discourse genres

necessary for their future professions.

SUGGESTIONS


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SUGGESTIONS

6. Note-taking techniques, short-term memory

techniques and other techniques for effectivetranslation and interpretation should be included inthe curriculum.

7. There should be seminars where professionaltranslators and interpreters can share their experience

with the students right in their early years atuniversity.8. The students need to familiarize themselves with

pressure of translation and interpretation workthrough observing interpreters doing their jobs at theconferences or project sites.

9. The themes included in the curriculum should besuitable for the students future actual work.

10. The knowledge of subject matters needs to be wiselyselected to satisfy the social needs and the knowledgeshould be basic and up-to-date.


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Thank you foryour attention.

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