42J -

(LIQi HE Q U

ON AN UNPUBLISHED CHARTER OFTJIITREI) OF THE IIUUICCAS, IN THEPOSSESSION OF THE DEAN ANDCHAPTER OF WORCESTER.

BY WALTER DE GRAY BIRCH, lion. Libmailan.

[From the Transactions of the Ro yal Society of Literat.ur, vol. xi., NewSeric.]

By the kindness of the Dean and Chapter of Worcester,I ain enabled to exhibit to the members of theRoyal Society of Literature a very valuable Anglo-Saxon Charter preserved in the Cathedral Library,and I beg to offer the following notes upon it.

The Cathedral Church of St. Mary at Worcester was,naturally enough, likely to contain many munimentsrelating to the early and pre-reformation landed pos-sessions of its religious and secular inintes, and weaccordingly find the learned antiquary, Sir WilliamDu-dale, compiling, in 1643, a Catalogue which theequally illustrious grammarian and Ui1 ' '/ Rm Georgeilickes incorporated into his " Thesaurus," printed atOxford in 1703, at the end of that great work.rilbis book, the ' Thesaurus,' is supplemented b y aCatalogue of all the Saxon MSS. existing in Englandat the time of its publication, and is entitled: -

Antiqum Literaturie Septentrionalis Libcr Alter,seu llumpiircdi Wanleii Lilirorum Vett. Septeiitrio-nalium, qui in Angliw. Bibliothccis extant . . . Cata-logus iistorico- Critic us, etc., Oxoniw, 1705." The

A

Document

11111111111111111111111111 IN0000005533862

2 ON AN UNI'UBLISIIED (HARTEJ

actual Catalogue of MSS. is called 14 CatalogusLibrorurn Septentrioimliurn tarn MflflhlSCI11)tOili11lquaixi i ropressorum ; '' and at page 299, lie introducesDugdale's list of Anglo-Saxon Charters at Worcester,with the following title and notes : " CatalogusChartarurn temporibus Regum Anglo .Saxollum Con-feetarum, quo hand ita pridem in Ai'ehivis EcelesiWT igorniensis extabant. (Hunc Cataloguta texuit1). G. i)ugdalius, A.D. 16-13 ) . . Quin et intra tresaut quatuor aniios in Ejusdein Eecleia Archivis exta-bant aihe qinedam charta, quas quidem jam perditasfeliciter publicavit I). Georgins Hiekesius Gramm.An-lo-Sax."

It is not very clear what became of the fine seriesof one hundred and eleven early docunients, for themost part relating to a period anterior to the conquestof England by the Normans. But it is certain that thelate John Mitchell K emble, when collecting materialsin 1839, for his renowned ' Codex Diplomaticus iviSaxoniei,'—a work auiuing at eml)radnig the accuratetext of every known Saxon document—was not ableto make use of any of these original manuscripts, butwas compelled to have recourse either to late, in someinstances very late, copies of the same deeds, or toomit them altogether.

But a short time ago the librarian of the Cathe-dral, Mr. J. II. Hooper, M. A., who was wellaware of the former existence of literar y treasuresrelating to his Cathedral and their unaccountable dis-appearance, was so fortunate as to recover a veryvaluable charter, which, however, I am not quitecertarn was ever included in he catalogue of thetreasures already quoted, and it is through his agency

OF UHThET) OF THE HtTICCAS. 3

that we are indebted for the very rare exhibition ofan original Saxon document on this occasion.

I shall commence my account of it by giving thetext which I have supplied in some parts (but notthroughout), where mutilated, from analogous firmuhufound in two other similar documents, which will bementioned and described further oii :-

+ In noxnine diii nii ihil xpi, Ccrtisiine ituq; absq;dubitatione constat omnia qua uidentur tLlnp)ralia esse,Ft ca q; I non uidentur teterna esse, Jdcirco eto ii]ttre€Iiis dodonante reguins buicciorli eogitaui . UL ex aecept;l portioiioterrlgenis I regal a largitore ornnhi bonoru aliqiiil quanwisminus dignO p rerncdio anima rneaj in usus wriesiastica)libertatis erogal [rein] . Undo deli ineo nunistro trdel-munclo uidelicet filio ingeldi qui fuit dux et jifectiis Leftelijaldi

regis mcri, curn consij [liol et licentia omini regis ineiSitnulq ; opiscopori ac principu ems, Terri . V. tributariortiii.i uieii qui nomina? I [eastun'] iuxta flunii in orientaleparte (1u1 dic.itur saluuerpe iure a3clesiasticO possidendfllihtlfltissitne p duo omnipotenti I .....te Has so nitient,opossideat et pos t so cuicilq ; unbent 414101) ; licredis ccliii-quat Illisq; 0 SleCulo niigrnritib ; redda I .... [nig]eranens a)clesne agri cain ]ihris 2 nil meiii &irii sineulla contradictione miln atq ; Cmliii) ; nohis lit (lemosi-[nit] .......tis pntrie ilboruc1 ; iiitercessionc ad diii iiiiiiiet uerii Insuji digno Iitio a untedicto cieImundo suscepto I

.[sciat uuusquisq ;] lianc terra 1 hera (550 ab oruinitnibuto paruo '1 inhere ptiblicmuhu 1CiiI of li CiiflCtiS openibt regis t prnuj [cupis practer iustruicr.io] nib ; pontiu I neces.saris defensionib ; utrcuu contra host-.?s . (mi tuunodo quirjin di omnipotentis ilomlI [no interdicimus at si aiijuuisIn hac jinoniinata terra aliquid firaras furaucrit ulieuiialiquid nisi specialiter ptiu p jim I

1 Ilodje Aston iufra nianerinun StAo Pniors : MRS. Han. - 3(;o, f :/.L.14. remarkitlile use of time word /,bei for it A. S. fi'

A 2

4 ON AN UNPUBLISHED CHARTER

augentem hoc meii jSceptü . Otnnip d sun augerc bona Inaeternü Ft c.cssat, Mhiuentë qd Ft I [opta.mus sciat se ante]tribunal xjii ration redditurFt nisi ante ea do ot horninibsatis emendaucrit, Conscripta

I [autem haco donatio anno

ab] incarnationo diii nii thu xjii, dcc, lxx, Indic, viiii,decenoui, xi, Lun, viii,

[+ Ego, offa dei dono rex me] rF haiic donationê subrogulimei oseusi et signu sF crucis illposui,

[+ Ego Mildredus Christi gra]tia ocedente humushuicci ep oseil et sub.

[+ Ego Uhtredue ....... di] spcnsationodonante regulus ppirn gentis hanc meã libert.atis donat.ionëp duo occssã orohoraris sgnü salutare oscripsi.

{ +Ego Aidredus subregulus h] uiE huic ocesste donatioiiifratris mei osentiendo subscribo.

[+ Ego Eada conseFt et su]b[+ Ego Brorda con] seh et sub

( [iii s termini donationis

+Ego Eadbald oscn et subistins sa1uuerpa cyiuedeshalh Iuutun 1Ptau readan

. solo+Ego cynery regina merF oseFi et sub+Ego ecgfeilS films amborFt oseFt et sub+ Ego aJlfflad filla amborFt oseFt et sut

The description of this is that Uhtred, regulus ofthe lluuiceas, grants by permission of his superior lordand king, Offa, of the Merciai's, to .2Ethelmund hisminister (not necessarily an ecclesiastical, but pro-bably a high political personage at his court), the sonof Ingeld, who had held the office of dux or military

These on the Thrs, on which also, in later hands, areTo Eastune.

Offaiji rgii Stoce

i StoceTo Eastuue

OF TJHTRED OF THE HUUICCAS. 5

leader to )Ethelhald, 4 king of the Mercians (theimmediate antecessor to Offa), a quantity of landspecified as of fine tributaries, that is, the viciis whichis called Fastun near the river on the eastern partwhich is called Saiwerpe, for the ordinary Saxonholding of three lives, after which the property is tobecome the possession of the Church at Worcester.It was to be held on the usual terms of a free gift,that is, the repair of bridges, fortresses, and militaryservice. Theterms of these burthens upon the landsgranted by kings are so interesting that the remarksof Kemble upon them may well be introduced here.

Ile says, " The oiw 5 common and unavoidable duty,called the commums lrthor, generala in co nn.oiIuin, t,'nolanecessifa.s', etc... was the repairing of bridges, fortifica-tions, or other public buildings, and militaryThe sentence involving these duties in the charterbefore us is :—" Sciat unusquisque haiie terram liheraniesse ab omni tributo . . . p'ter instructiombus pen-tium, vol necessariis defensionihus arcium contrahostes." " From these no one was excused; and theywere so essentially apart of the ancient and customarylaw of the land, that the attempt to escape from themcasts well deserved suspicion upon any document inwhich it is found . . . it does not appear from thecharter, whether these burdens, like, the corvée of theFrench Feutlists, were a personal service, or capableof bein g compounded for at a fixed sum, a kind ofcounty rate. Whichever was the case, and perhapsboth forms may have existed together, the want of anystipulation in the documents as to the amount, serves

Ob. A.D. 7.

6ON AN UNP1BLISI1ED dHAilrr:g

to show, either that there was a fixed and invariableproportion. or that the assessment was made pro hâevice, by all the landowners in county court assembled,and was not dependent on the will of the grantor. Itwas oms commune, the advantages of the communitysuperseding all privileges, even those of the clergy.But military service is not susceptible of such comin-tation in the early ages of a country, when the popu-lation is thinly scattered over a wide extent of ill-cultivated land."

Of thtred, the regulus of the Huuiccas, and thegrantor of the land of Easton to }Ethelmund herecontained, very little is known beyond what may hegleaned from the on1v five charters which exist relatingto him, and which I shall now refer to in order of

ate.1. The first is a charter which until the last few

years was in the possession of the Finch-ilattons,Earls of Nottingham and Winehelsea, and probablyformed part of Sir Christopher liatton's collection ofMSS. It was purchased from Mr. Attenborough bythe trustees of the British Museum in 1873 7 and hasbeen facsimiled by the Museum authorities in their" Facsimiles of Ancient Charters, part ii. no. 2, 187G."From this charter it appears that three brothers, "tresgermani 'uno patre editi, Eanberht, atque U/wirednee non et Aithed C granted land at Onnanford toIleadda abbot of ? Worcester 7 in A.D. 759. They are

Aldred appears as late 55 A.D. 777 and seems to have survived hisbin!] jr [Ko111 Ic, (o,I. Ilipi. cxai]

Ileadda abbot, occurs in Kenible. cod. Idpl.. no. cv.. FebruarA.D. ',)9, and is probably the 55100 as Headla, abbot of Worcester, be-tween A.D. ii and 79s in Keinbie, no. 1W).

OF UIITRED OF THE IIIJUICCAS. 7

designated each by the title of the sub-scription appended.

2. The second charter, as far as its general importgoes, is somewhat similar to the one before us, andenables me to supply a few words that have beentorn from the charter under inspection. It isprinted by Ke.iiiljle, in his ' Codex Diplornaticus '(no.Cxvii.) dated A.D. 767, and is closely allied to thisnewl y-found document in much of its text. Kenible,however, does not appear to have seen the originalbut lie prints from an eighteenth-century copy in MS.ilarl. 4660. f. 3/4. entitled "Cartarum aliquot Perve-tustarum qu ,,u, extant in Archivis Ecciesiie Cathedralis\\igorn. Apograplia." In the list of contents of thisHarley MS., the charter of Keinbie's Codex, no.cxvii. is called " 4. TJhtredi reguli ilutuccioruniiEtlielmundo ministro,'' and is the same as that onenumbered as (4) by Hickes in his Catalogue of Anglo-Saxon MSS. already quoted. The title of this lostcharter is noticeil by Hickes as " Carta Donationis quadat Uhtredus Regulus ilunicciorum fideli suo i\iinistro}Ethelmundo (filio lugeldi qui fuit Dux et Pnefcctushkhelbaldi Regis) curn consemisu et Licentia OffaniRegis Merciorum, si muique Episcoporum et Principumnejus, trram 5 Tributariorum, i.e. vicum qui iiominaturEastun juxta fluvium, in [loco] qui dieitur Saluuarpe.A. D. 76 (sic). Indict. 6, Lun. 5." The text is notonly given in the ' Codex Diplomaticus ' and in theHarley NS. quoted above, but also in Hickes' ' Gram-matica Anglosaxonica,' p. 170, and in Dugdale's

Monasticon Anghcanum' vol. i. p. 5S6.From inspection of the text of this second charter

it is certainly not the same as the one restored to

SON AN UNPUBLISHED CHARTER

Worcester. The date, and the list of witnesses, beingvery dissimilar to those of the original charter exhi-luted on this occasion.

3. There is also another charter which bears yetcloser resemblance to the one under our immediateattention. It is described by Hickes in the Cata-logue of Worcester Charters already referred to, as

4. Uhtredi Reguli iluicciorum de Eastun propeSalewarpe, A. 770, coiifirrnata per Offam regem.Sax. ef Lat." This, also, apparently was never seenby Keinbie, who only gives it from the eleventh orearly twelfth century Register of Worcester Charters,in MS. Cotton. Tiberius A. xiii. if. 145 1 146. " DcStoke." Xemhlo Cod. Dip]. no. cxviii. But this char-ter is a grant of the land to the brethren of the Monas-tery of Worcester, and not to Athelmund, althoughit is couched in very nearly the same words, andsupplies some words for the restoration of the textof the charter exhibited on this occasion. It is,therefore, reasonable to conclude, that very shortlyafter the granting of this land tolEthelmund, the textof which grant I am enabled to describe here for thefirst time, the grantee granted it to the brethren ofWorcester.

Kenible unfortunately omitted the boundaries of theland hereby conveyed, 8 which I here supply to com-plete, the history of the transaction. For although thecharter is not quite identical with that which I exhibit,vet the property IflefltiOfle(1 is apparently the same,and the statement of the boundaries is valuablenot only to the county topographer, who can by itsmeans catch up the positions of lost places and cx-

Iii Anglo-Saxon, aild ib<i< he<lriUL <Jill. thu <1 illptio1i<Jl. dl.

by Hitkea.

OF MITRED OF THE IIUcICCA4. 9

plain the names of modern localities, but it is also ofvery great importance to the philologist; and as itha never yet been printed it adds a fresh contribu-tion to the corpus of Anglo-Saxon texts.

"Arest frarn m5arn in c'rstel ma3I Ac, Of crstel rna1uc in east ende teoue lege. Of teofe leage in J)at srf troop.( )1 jam s'f treope in rug mapel troop in forpeard perdiuie.(.)f forepeard perdune ob middo pearde per. Of midde per-dune in perdun broc. Of midde per dune broce in middanpearde langan dune. Of iniddan pearde langan dune insceap peg. Of scearp pe in hpata leage. Of hpta lege inliens broc. Of hens broce in salparpari. Of seal parpan inliolan peg. Ofjiui peg in a-bpitan hiricean. Of 1'are biiicanin aleherdes ford. Eft of saparpan in a ifihtan ac. Of

nre ac in Pa mur ac. Of Paxe no in beunic ceer. Of tarnacere in cersa biet. Of jarn bete in pipan. Of pipan inpi-6i broc. Of jiarn broce in jiat jiriih. Of Ind jirug in holanpeg. Of Pam pege iii bridenan l)rgge. Of jiinre briggein cumb. Of Jam cunibe in ale bea.rdes ác. Of jize acin a heort sole. Of Jiere solo in Pa jiisle. Of jire 61sle

oft in ba maN."

4. The fourth document is a charter of Uhtrecl, thetext of which is given by Keinbie in his ' Codex Diplo-rnaticus,' no. cxxviii., but it has beeti marked by himas of doubtful authenticity. It has no date, but theeditor of that monumental work is probably not farfrom right in assigning to it a date between the years764 and 775. The document is a grant by Uhtred," Subreguhis iluicciorum" of land to WorcesterCathedral " Ecciesia Bcatm Semper Virginis DeiGenitricis Mari, quLe sitfr est in tegerna civitate ubicorpora pa/rum nzeorunz cligne conduntur. 11 Thesubscription of Uhtred is appended with that of Aldred

10ON AN UNPUBLISHED CHARTER

his brother, to whom reference has already been made.The original of this is not now extant, and Kemblegives it only from the Worcester Register in theCottOnian Library, a manuscript the chute of whichhas already been pointed out..

5. Before proceeding to examine the charter beforeus from its artistic and pt1wogrL[.11ic points of view, itis worthy of record that in addition to these above-mentioned charters which are grants from Uhtredhimself direct, there are the following charters in theCodex where he is mentioned or where his subscrip-tion is appended, in testimony or confirmation of theirpurport.

1. "Uhtred." K. cii., a doubtfulcharter of Eanberht ofthe llwiccas, A.D. 757.

2. ' Uhtred regulus."K. cv., a charter ofEanberht, Feb., 759.

3. "Afanu.s thtredi." K. cxi.*, a doubtfulcharter Offa of Mercia,A.D. 764.

4. "Uhtred."

K. cxxv., a charter of"Uhtredi Germani Mei." Aldred of the iluiccas,

A.D. 757 x 775.5. "T5htred Subregulus.' K. cxxvii., a charter

of Ccohfrith, Abbot ofWorcester, A.D. 757—e

To recapitulate therefore the important points whichhave been elicited in the course of these notes, wehave found the following facts relating to Ulitred,subregulus of the 1-Iwiecas, viz.

OP UHTIIED OF THE HUUICCAS. 11

(I.) That Eanherht., Aldred, and ljhtred, werethree sons born to one father, and thatthe father and ancestors were buried inWorcester Cathedral.

(2.) That Eanberlit, the eldest brother, grantsvarious charters to Worcester Cathedral, inthe years 757 and 75).

(3.) That Uhtred, the third brother, is not styledieqit7u.s in 757 ; but is st yled qyulus in 759in two documents : is not styled re9ulu8 in761 ; but styled regulus in 767, and againin. 770 ; and sitiJ.? 'equIu..s in a charter of datehtween 757 and 77-5.

(4.) That the second brother, Aldred, appears tohave been the survivor of the three in A.D.

77.(5.) That of the five documents purporting to have

been issued directly at his command, twoonly are extant in the form of c/tarier.,the other three being only tbund in manu-script Registers of far later dates.

(6.) Of these two, one is in the Manuscript Depart-ment of the British Museum, numbered asAdditional Charter 19789 ; the other is thatat present before us, in the possession of theDean and Chapter of Worcester.

(7.) That the one before us is unpublished, andthe boundaries which probably related tothe same land, when registered to theCathedral, are also unpublished.

rIh( ,.e is a photograph published by the BritishArchneological Association in the Journal for 1876, P.

12ON AN UNPUBLISHED CHARTER

190, of a charter which is a grant of Offa to his faith-ful minis/er Athelmund, the same probably as thegrantee of the Worcester deed. This is to be datedin all likelihood between 791 and 796, and is valuableas showing close resemblance of handwriting to theone before us.

The principal points, exhibited by the analysis ofthe pahuography of this valuable relic of our SaxonAge, are as follows:-

r110 words are divided by spaces ; prepositions andconjunctions only being sometimes, but riot always,united to the words following them, as in the case of" exaceepta," in line 2 ; " e1jfectus," in line 4'' addIIi '' for '' adline 9 premedio,''line S.

The formation of the letters is long and fine, andthe peculiar style of the handwriting here employedis seen on other charters deriving their origin fromthe Mercian court at this remote period. 01 indi-vidual characters—

a has the usual plain but elegant form of theletter.

w is of frequent use, not divided into two letters.i is plain, but the tip of the up-stroke is cut off

obliquely with a short spur pointing downwards.c is well rounded and of ordinary shape. A large

initial C occurs in " Certissime," line 1; and " Con-scripta," line 14.

d has two forms, (i.) the most frequent has anoblique up-stroke as seen in " dux," line 4 ;(ii.) theother form is composed of an open loop and straightline, as seen in " diii," " (lcc,' and decenovi '' inline 15. There is a large form of d in '' ldcirco,"hue 2.

OF UI1TIE1) OF THE IIUUICC.S.. 13

e has the central bar rather above the middle of itscurve; it frequently is of enlarged proportions andprojects above the line, and is sometimes conjoinedto the following letter by means of an elongation ofthe bar.

f is of the usual Saxon form, the horizontal barbeing level with the base line of the writing. 'riireis a bolder form in fihius, lines 23, 24.

is also of the ordinary Saxon shape, the bar fiatat the top, the body curving to the left at first, andfinishing with a curve to the right below the line.

h has its long arm cut off at top obliquely, with ashort spur pointing downwards

I has two forms, (i.) plain, (ii.) carried below theline as in " cimc.tis" line 10 ; " omnipotentis," line11. There is a large initial I in "Idcirco," line 2"Id," line o.

ic does not appear.1 is cutoff obliquely at top with a short spur: (ii.) a

larger and fuller form carried below the line, as in"Illisque," line 7 ; etc.

m has two forms, the first Plain; (ii) in the secondform the final curve is more boldly marked, as in

omnibus," line S. There is a large initial M inMiuuentem, line 13.

it has also occasionally a form similarly em-boldened.

o appears to be formed of two curving linesThere is a large initial 0 in "Omnimodo," line 11.

p has its straight stroke cut off obliquely at thetop with a short spur pointing downwards, the loopis open at the lower part, and ends with a dot.

q is of plain shape.

14ON AN UNPUBLISHED C11A1TEli

r has the Saxon form, consisting of a long strokeproduced below the line, and a curved line broughtdown to the lower line bounding the writing.

s is m'stly found in the form of a long uncialletter, extending somewhat above and greatl y belowthe line ; (ii.) It occurs as a capital of Roman form in

Stmuique," line 5./ has a curved line with horizontal bar ; (ii.) i n some

cases, but not always, final t has the bar greatlyprolonged, as in " emendaverit," line 14. Thereis a large initial T in Terrain, line 5.

it is of ordinary shape, but a large form is seen iiiUt," line 2, and a still larger form in '' Undo," iii

line 4.v occurs in numerals " v,'' line 5 ; " viii," and

ig viii," line 15.x has a long loop on the left, as seen in " ex,"

line 2.y is not dotted in " c.vmedeshalh," line 20

cyiwdryS, line 22.The ligatures, or combinations of two or more

letters into a compound form of more or less arbitrarshape include the following. The combinations ofwith other letters are very iniiiicrous, and iii theseeases the bar is oblique and otherwise modified, forexample,

ec in "profeetus," line 4ace in " seculo," line 7.eq in '' ego," line 2; '' regulus,'' line 2 ; '' subse-

gnu," line 16; etC-ei

etc-e in '' ems," line 5; '' mei," line 16 ; etc.cm in '' temporalia,'' line 1 ; '' reniedin," line 3

etc.

OF 1JHTIfl:D OF TJIT IIUU1CCiS. 15

en in " videntur," line 1; " terrigenis," line 2etc.

eo in '' eorum," line S.ep in " suscepto," line 9.er in " certissime " line 4 ; " terrigenis," line 2voluerit," line 7 ; etc,net in " utcrna " line 2.es in " Esse," line 2 ; " intercessione," line 9

etc.el in " et "line II; 5 ; " videlicet," line 4 ; etc.ex in "ex," line '2; etc.Ji in " fideli," line 4 ; but not in " fihio," line 4.—ii in two forms (i.) Ptium, line 12, where the i is

indicated by an elongation of the sloping cross bar ofthe I ; (ii.) the second form is seen in "migrantibus,"line 7, where the i forms a right angle with the hori-zontal bar of the 1; the same style is seen in44

line 11.—t/e— in '' contradic.tiollc" line S

lines 9 2 ii.

— lion-- in '' dubitatione," , line I ; '' 1oi'tione,",line 2; " rationem," line 14 '' incarnatione," line 1 5;

clonatione," lines 1 6 1 18 ; " lis1)enatione," line 18,etc.

--ill/out in " clonationis," line 20.—i/s in " satis,'' line 14 ; '' gdntis," line 18

"libcrtatis," line 18.ni in '' termini," line 20.

The contractions and abbreviations are rathernumerous, LxLuuples occur of

or Ii for --am final, in terrain, lines , 10, etc.—b ; for —bus, iii duobus, line 7 ; omnibus, line 8,

etc.

16ON AN UNPUBLISHED (JTIAI{TER

fcr con— at commencement, of words, as inconsensi, line 16, etc.

di for (lei, line 11.(1111 for deurn, line U.(liii for domini, lines 1, 15.duo for domino, line 0.do for deo, lines 2, 14.Ct for the Saxon in a4e1mundo, rnCtelbaldi, line 4

icelmundo occurs in line 9 ; and cyne(Iry6 in line 22,and eegfer, in line 23

for —em final, in rationem, line 14.. for est, lines 5, 14.eS for episcopus, line J7.huici for huicciorum, line 17.ihil for iliesu, lines 1 1 13.india for indietione, line 15.1 for ye!, line 10.luil for lunatione, line 15.rnei for merciorum, line 5.mer for merciorurn, line 22.merèi for merciorum, line 4.ii for non, line 13.necessaris for necessariis, line 11.nii for nostri, lines 1, 13.5 for prai'—, in feetus, line 4 ; i5tio, line 9 etc.p for pro, lines 3, 6, 12.ipter for propter.; for que, line 1.

1Ct for " c1uod," line 13.for —tur, at ending of words, as nouiinatur, line 5,

reddatur, line 7.sa for sancta', line 10.s for sunt, hue 20.

OF UHTRED OF THE ITCUICCAS. lj

sub for subseripsi, line 17.oseI for consensi, line 17.ii for —urn final, in lines 3, 16 5 etc.xpi for Christi, lines 1, 14, 13.

The middle comma is of frequent use for thepunctuation, both in the middle and en(i of a sentence.

The fine plate which accompanies this notice hasbeen reproduced by the Autotype Company by theirpermanent process, from the original charter.