olis: a digital library of judicial and legislative ...olis: a digital library of judicial and...
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OLIS: A Digital Library of Judicial and Legislative Information
Resources in India
Raj Kumar Bhardwaj, Ph.D. Librarian
St. Stephen’s College, University of Delhi, &
Commonwealth Fellow
raajchd @gmail.com +91 9711508289
LEGAL EDUCATION, LEGAL PRACTICE AND TECHNOLOGY, June 16-17, 2017
Michael Hart (left) and Gregory Newby (right) of Project Gutenberg
Stevan Harnad
LEGAL EDUCATION, LEGAL PRACTICE AND TECHNOLOGY, June 16-17, 2017
OLIS: An Introduction
• The main aim of legal information retrieval systems is to locate relevant documents related to the search query as defined by the user.
• Major litigation in India consists of three stages (i) pre-trial (ii) trial and (iii) appeal, but information sought by the litigants is same in nature at each stage.
• The first stage i.e. pre-trial stage involves intensive document discovery while in the trial (second) stage the main focus is on providing fast retrieval, and tracking of various documents that have been introduced in evidence.
• At the appeal stage, the main focus is on record of trial and case law.
LEGAL EDUCATION, LEGAL PRACTICE AND
TECHNOLOGY, June 16-17, 2017
Statement of the Problem
• Computerization of legal information has changed the management of case laws and information seeking habits of the legal community.
• Lawyers who wish to solve problems are not aware of the detailed applicable rules.
• Therefore, these rules have to be identified and presented before Court. Interpretation of statutory provision may yield one or more rules and one rule is usually based on more than one legal source. Therefore, lawyers have to identify the relevant legal sources.
• No open Access Legal Information System is available in India which suit the Indian environment. The proposed model will help to identify relevant source.
• Commercial legal information databases are very expensive and incomplete. Google, Yahoo missed important information. Lawyers need more refined tool to identify primary sources.
• Hence, an urgent needs to design and develop a model online legal information system to cater to the legal community.
LEGAL EDUCATION, LEGAL PRACTICE AND
TECHNOLOGY, June 16-17, 2017
Objectives of the Study
(i) to ascertain existing legal information e-resources;
(ii) to identify the different problems faced by legal community while accessing the existing online legal information resources;
(iii) to know the legal information requirements of legal community for developing the proposed online legal information system;
(iv) to design an online legal information system to suit the legal information requirements of legal community in the Indian environment;
(v) to develop effective searching features for efficient retrieval of information; and;
(vi) to compare the features of existing legal e-resources with the proposed online legal information system.
LEGAL EDUCATION, LEGAL PRACTICE AND TECHNOLOGY, June 16-17, 2017
Scope of the Study
The scope of the study identifies the needs of working lawyers, LL.M students, research scholars, faculty members and expert users.
The scope is confined to the users in following institutions:
(i) Supreme Court of India, New Delhi;
(ii) High Court of Delhi, New Delhi;
(iii) National Law University, Delhi;
(iv) Faculty of Law, University of Delhi;
(v) School of Law, Jamia Milia Islamia, New Delhi;
(vi) Indian Institute of Law, New Delhi;
(vii) Centre for Legal Studies, JNU, New Delhi;
(viii) Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Delhi.
LEGAL EDUCATION, LEGAL PRACTICE AND TECHNOLOGY, June 16-17, 2017
Methodology
Phase I
Phase III
Phase II
Phase IV
Phase V
Testing &
Implementation
OLIS
Maintenance
Development of
OLIS
Designing &
Planning
Preliminary
Preparation/ Needs
Assessment
LEGAL EDUCATION, LEGAL PRACTICE AND TECHNOLOGY, June 16-17, 2017
Review of Literature
Review of Literature : 150 Articles, 15 Books, Websites Bibliography
Literature Review is categorized in following sections:
1. Online Legal Information System
2. Legal Information Resources in Legal Research
3. Lawyers’ Information Seeking Behaviour
4. Search and Retrieval of Legal Information
5. Design and use of Legal Information System
6. Open Access Legal Information System
7. Electronic Judiciary: An International Scenario
8
Need Assessment Survey - Questions
Awareness of open access legal information resources.
Rating of existing online legal information resources.
Level of satisfaction in existing online legal information resources.
Problem (s) being faced in using the online Legal Information resources including open access and commercial.
Type of legal materials to be incorporated in the proposed OLIS: Case Laws, Acts and amendments, Ordinance, Rules and Regulations, Notifications, Circulars, Parliamentary debates, Commentaries, Speeches, Videos, Research Article, Legal News, Book Reviews.
Kind of Case Laws to be incorporated in proposed OLIS.
Search type and parameter (s) to search information in the proposed OLIS.
Potential help features.
Citation Search Facility including national and international.
Features in the proposed OLIS.
Social Networking Tools integration in proposed OLIS.
Online training. Online Questionnaire
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User’s
Questionnaire
Statistical Tools used for Need Assessment Survey
• Simple Percentage Analysis Method
• Univariate ANOVA
• Chi-square test
• Duncan’s Mean Test
• Z-test
• Spearman's rho to know correlation between options.
LEGAL EDUCATION, LEGAL PRACTICE AND TECHNOLOGY, June 16-17, 2017
Questionnaires Distribution and Demographic Characteristics : Total 750
questionnaires were distributed in eight institutions in Delhi. However, only
397 received. Therefore, response rate was 52.9 percent (Table 5.1.1-T1).
Total 149 (19.8 percent) lawyers practicing in High Court of Delhi and
Supreme Court of India participated in the study. A substantial number 165
(22 percent) LL.M students were participated in the needs assessment
survey. Besides this, expert user 32 (4.3 percent), faculty members 34 (4.5
percent) and research scholars 17 (2.3 percent) responded to the
questionnaire (Figure 5.1.1-F1 ).
11
Questionnaire Distribution & Demographic Characteristics
12
Institution-wise Share of Responses
Institution-wise responses were calculated and found that highest
number of responses i.e. 104 (26.2 percent) were received from
Supreme Court of India, followed by High Court of Delhi 76 (19.1
percent), Indian Law Institute 45 (11.3 percent), National Law
University, New Delhi 43 (10.8 percent), University of Delhi 43 (10.8
percent), Jamia MIlia Islamia 40 (10.1 percent), GGS Indraprastha
University 37 (9.3 percent) and Jawaharlal Nehru University 9 (2.3
percent). (Figure 5.1.1-F2 )
Out of the 397 respondents 246 (62 percent) are male and 151 (38
percent) are female.
13
1. Rating of Online Resources
Maximum respondents 110 (27.7 percent) rated the online
resources good, followed by very good 92 (23.2 percent), poor 73
(18.4 percent), fair 65 (16.4 percent). However, only 57 (14.4
percent) stated that legal information resources are excellent (Table 5.1.3-T1). Univariate ANOVA (Table 5.1.3-T2), Duncan’s Mean
Test (Table 5.1.3-T3)
2. Awareness of Open Access Resources
It was found that 329 (82.9 percent) respondents are aware of
open access legal resources (Table 5.1.4 ).
3. Level of Satisfaction in Using Open Access Resources
Total 124 (31.2 percent) respondents stated they are somewhat
satisfied in using open access legal information resources. A large
number of respondents 87 (21.9 percent) expressed that they are
very dissatisfied and 84 (21.2 percent) reveled they are
completely dissatisfied using open access resources (Table 5.1.5-
T1).
14
3A. Large number of respondents 218 (54.9 percent) stated they are
somewhat satisfied using commercial legal information
resources. However, 85 (21.4 percent) revealed that they are
very dissatisfied using commercial legal information resources
(Table 5.1.5-T2). Correlation between OA & CR (Table 5.1.5-
T3).
4. Problems in Using Online Legal resources
A majority of respondents 198 (49.9 percent) revealed that
arrangement of information in legal resources are the major
hindrance in usage of online resources. A large number of
respondents 182 (45.8 percent) stated they lost during the search.
A considerable number 172 (43.3 percent) revealed lack of
online help is major problem, followed by description of legal
information sources 153 (38.5 percent), search screen too
confusing 149 (37.5 percent), and 140 (35.3 percent) revealed
poor website design is the problem in usage of online legal
resources. In addition, too many login required during the access
process is also major problem being faced by 134 (33.8 percent)
respondents (Table 5.1.6), (Z-Statistics, Figure 5.1.6)
15
6. Problem in Searching Open Access Resources
Overall, 215 (65.3 percent) respondents stated that open access
resources are less user friendly, followed by 197 (59.9 percent)
revealed these are not organized properly. Total 161 (48.9 percent)
revealed these are not updated on regular basis and 160 (48.6
percent) expressed that interface of open access resources are not
well (Table 5.1.7).
OLIS Work flow Model
LEGAL EDUCATION, LEGAL PRACTICE AND TECHNOLOGY, June 16-17, 2017
OLIS- Homepage
Source: http://www.olisindia.in LEGAL EDUCATION, LEGAL PRACTICE AND TECHNOLOGY, June 16-17, 2017
Architecture of Admin Module
Acts (Central/State)
Parliament Bills
Lok Sabha Debates
Rajya Shaba Debates
Circulars
Treaties
Trade Notices
Press Release
Notifications
Rules & Regulations
OLIS
Admin
OLIS
Courts
Events
Report
Web
Parliaments
Assembly
Ministry
Gazette
Newspapers
Web
2.0
Open
Access
Link
Judicial
Information Legislative
Information
Judgments
Evidence Inf. Sys
Citations
Articles
Form
Speech
Audio/Video
Commentaries
Websites
Audio Video Text
LEGAL EDUCATION, LEGAL PRACTICE AND TECHNOLOGY, June 16-17, 2017
Testing Of OLIS
Online Legal Information System (OLIS) Testing Cycle
LEGAL EDUCATION, LEGAL PRACTICE AND TECHNOLOGY, June 16-17, 2017
Advance Search
Search
Additional
Search
Basic Search
OLIS Search: Basic. Advanced and Additional
OLIS Search Form
LEGAL EDUCATION, LEGAL PRACTICE AND TECHNOLOGY, June 16-17, 2017
Case Law
Party Name
Basic Search in Case Law
LEGAL EDUCATION, LEGAL PRACTICE AND TECHNOLOGY, June 16-17, 2017
Results in Basic Search
LEGAL EDUCATION, LEGAL PRACTICE AND TECHNOLOGY, June 16-17, 2017
Metadata Record of Item
Full text
Case Note
LEGAL EDUCATION, LEGAL PRACTICE AND TECHNOLOGY, June 16-17, 2017
Results Retrieved in Audio-Video Database
LEGAL EDUCATION, LEGAL PRACTICE AND
TECHNOLOGY, June 16-17, 2017
CONTRIBUTION OF CONTENTS BY USERS
Figure 5.5.9-F1:Snapshot of Contribute Page for Legal Article
Contribute Page for Legal Forms LEGAL EDUCATION, LEGAL PRACTICE AND
TECHNOLOGY, June 16-17, 2017
Google +
Web 2.0 Tool in OLIS
Web 2.0 Tools in OLIS
LEGAL EDUCATION, LEGAL PRACTICE AND TECHNOLOGY, June 16-17, 2017
DISQUS Panel
Share Discussion on Facebook & twitter Comments
DISQUS
DISQUS Integration in OLIS
LEGAL EDUCATION, LEGAL PRACTICE AND TECHNOLOGY, June 16-17, 2017
RSS Feed
Login & register
New Topic
Online Discussion Forum
Online Discussion Forum
LEGAL EDUCATION, LEGAL PRACTICE AND TECHNOLOGY, June 16-17, 2017
2. E-mail and Discussion Forum
3. FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions)
4. Tutorials
LEGAL EDUCATION, LEGAL PRACTICE AND TECHNOLOGY, June 16-17, 2017
Comparative Study of Features in Legal Databases
(Commercial & Open Access)
(a) Coverage (Table 5.6-T1)
(b) General Features (Table 5.6-T2)
(c) Search Fields (Table 5.6-T3) Detailed Fields Table
(d) Citation Search (Table 5.6-T4)
(e) Web 2.0 Tools Integration (Table 5.6-T5)
(f) User Interface (Table 5.6-T6)
(g) Bibliographic Display (Table 5.6-T7)
(h) Text Display (Table 5.6-T8)
(i) Session Filtering (Table 5.6-T9)
(j) Output Services (Table 5.6-T10)
(k) Online Help Features (Table 5.6-T11)
(l) Provision to Contribute the Contents by Users (Table 5.6-T12)
LEGAL EDUCATION, LEGAL PRACTICE AND TECHNOLOGY, June 16-17, 2017
Comparative Study of Features in Legal Databases
(Ranking of Online Resources)
Online legal information source Total Score % of Features
Rank
OLIS-Proposed Model 182/189 96.3% 1
Manupatra 75/189 39.7% 2
SCC Online 65/189 34.4% 3
LexisNexis India 52/189 27.5 % 4
Westlaw India 47/189 24.9% 5
e-Jurix 45/189 23.8% 6
IL 43/189 22.8% 7
L.P 42/189 22.2% 8
AIR 32/189 16.9% 9
Chawla’s Law Finder 29/189 15.3% 10
JUDIS 22/189 11.6% 11
SUPLIS 20/189 10.6% 12
I Kanoon 19/189 10.1% 13
OPEN JUDIS 15/189 7.9% 14
LII of INDIA 15/189 7.9% 14
India Code 9/189 4.8% 15
LEGAL EDUCATION, LEGAL PRACTICE AND TECHNOLOGY, June 16-17, 2017
Publications
LEGAL EDUCATION, LEGAL PRACTICE AND TECHNOLOGY, June 16-17, 2017
Bhardwaj, Raj Kumar and Margam, Madhusudhan, “Metadata Framework for Online Legal Information System in Indian Environment”, Library Review (Emerald), 66.1/2 (2017): 49-68
Bhardwaj, Raj Kumar, “Gender Perception in the Development of Online
Legal Information System” The Bottom Line (Emerald) (In Press) Bhardwaj, Raj Kumar and Margam Madhusudhan, “Online Legal
Information System: A Users’ Perspective.” Library Review (Emerald), 65.8/9 (2016): 593-624.
Bhardwaj, Raj Kumar and M. Madhusudhan. “Comparative Analysis of Online Legal Information Sources in Indian Environment” New Library World (Emerald), 117. 3/4 (2016): 251-278.
Bhardwaj, Raj Kumar "The Indian Judicial System: Transition from Print to Digital." Legal Information Management (Cambridge University Press) 13.03 (2013): 203-208.
P. Kalyanasundaram
“We cannot sustain ourselves, unless we contribute to the society in someway or the other. I strongly feel if even one person does his bit towards social good, there will be some change.” P. Kalyanasundaram
Conclusions
LEGAL EDUCATION, LEGAL PRACTICE AND TECHNOLOGY, June 16-17, 2017
Thanks!! Any Question
LEGAL EDUCATION, LEGAL PRACTICE AND TECHNOLOGY, June 16-17, 2017