federal government three branches: legislative executive judicial
TRANSCRIPT
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Federal Government
Three Branches: LegislativeExecutiveJudicial
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Legislative Branch
• Created by the first article of the Constitution
• Set requirements of those who serve in Congress
• Constitution created a bicameral legislature
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Bicameral Legislature
Senate• Two Representatives
from each state• Qualifications: 35 yrs
old, citizen of U.S. for 9 yrs, and resident of state he/she represents
• Terms spread out so that only 1/3 of the whole Senate is elected in a single election
• Total Members= 100
House of Representatives
• Based on population• Larger states= more reps• 2013- MS=4, California=53• Qualifications: 25 yrs old,
citizen of U.S. for 7 yrs, and resident of state he/she represents.
• Two year terms-elected in Nov. on even number years
• Total Members=435• Reapportionment Act of 1929
set limit. Mississippi’s Current Senators: Thad Cochran & Roger Wicker
Mississippi’s Current Representatives: Alan Nunnelee, Bennie Thompson, Gregg Harper, Steven Palazzo
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Legislative Powers
• Expressed Powers- those specifically given to Congress in Constitution
• Implied Powers- given to Congress in Article I, of Constitution…AKA the Elastic Clause
• Elastic Clause- gives Congress the authority to make all laws “necessary and proper” for carrying out the expressed powers granted in the Constitution
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Legislative Powers
Impeachment Powers• House of Representatives
has the power to impeach (bring charges against a public official while that person is still in office)
• The Senate has the power to try that impeached official.
Other Powers• Bills to raise revenue must
start in House• Senate- ratify treaties and
confirm the presidents choice of individuals to serve as cabinet members
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Executive Branch
• 1787- Constitutional Convention decided to have a single chief executive- PRESIDENT
• Electoral College chooses president
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Choosing a President• Electoral College members are
chosen from each state• Number of electors from each state
equals the number of representatives it has in Senate and House.
• So altogether there are 538 electoral college votes... 100 from Senate, 435 from House, and District of Columbia gets 3 votes
• A vote for a presidential candidate is basically a vote for the candidates electors.
• Whoever wins the popular vote in each state wins that state’s electoral votes
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Executive Branch:The Presidency, Vice President, 15 Cabinet members,
and Various agencies
• President & Vice President- at least 35 years old, natural born citizen, and resident of U.S. for at least 14 years.
• Both elected for four years and can be re-elected once
• Vice President- assumes the presidency if president dies, resigns, or is impeached.
• If VP cannot assume the duties, government follows a line of succession
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First 13 in the Presidential Line of Succession
Officer Current Official
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The Judicial Branch • Supreme Court and all lower federal
courts• Duties include: deciding on the
meaning of the Constitution and laws. Also protects individual citizens from any ill treatment by other branches of government
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Supreme Court• Highest court in the land• Made up of Chief Justice and 8 associate
judges, President appoints these positions• Serve for life or retire• Has both original and appellate jurisdiction• Greatest power- Judicial Review-ability to
set aside the actions of the legislature or executive branches of any government agency.
• Court can declare laws or presidential acts as unconstitutional.
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Other Federal Courts
•Judiciary Act of 1789- established circuit courts of appeal and district courts•Congress divided nation into 11 judicial circuits•Each circuit- between 1 and 24 judges•MS is in 5th Federal Circuit Court District•District courts- use juries and witnesses in trial•Appellate courts- no juries or witnesses, just lawyers