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OLED Display OLED Display systemsystem

What is an OLED.?What is an OLED.?

OLED is an acronym for ORGANIC OLED is an acronym for ORGANIC LIGHT EMITTING DIODE.LIGHT EMITTING DIODE.

OLEDs are solid-state devices OLEDs are solid-state devices composed of thin films of organic composed of thin films of organic molecules that create light with the molecules that create light with the application of electricity.application of electricity.

OLEDs have no back lighting, draws OLEDs have no back lighting, draws less power than LCDs, large viewing less power than LCDs, large viewing angle(170 deg), high brightnessangle(170 deg), high brightness

OLED StructureOLED Structure

OLED StructureOLED Structure

SubstrateSubstrate (clear plastic, glass, foil) - (clear plastic, glass, foil) - The substrate supports the OLED.The substrate supports the OLED.

AnodeAnode (transparent) - The anode (transparent) - The anode removes electrons (adds electron removes electrons (adds electron "holes") when a current flows through "holes") when a current flows through the device.the device.

Organic layersOrganic layers - These layers are made - These layers are made of organic molecules or polymers. They of organic molecules or polymers. They are of two types: Conductive layer and are of two types: Conductive layer and emissive layer.emissive layer.

OLED StructureOLED Structure

Conducting layerConducting layer - This layer is made of - This layer is made of organic plastic molecules that transport organic plastic molecules that transport "holes" from the anode. One conducting "holes" from the anode. One conducting polymer used in OLEDs is polyaniline.polymer used in OLEDs is polyaniline.

Emissive layerEmissive layer - This layer is made of - This layer is made of organic plastic molecules (different ones organic plastic molecules (different ones from the conducting layer) that transport from the conducting layer) that transport electrons from the cathode; this is where electrons from the cathode; this is where light is made. One polymer used in the light is made. One polymer used in the emissive layer is polyfluorene. emissive layer is polyfluorene.

OLED StructureOLED Structure

CathodeCathode (may or may not be (may or may not be transparent depending on the type transparent depending on the type of OLED) - The cathode injects of OLED) - The cathode injects electrons when a current flows electrons when a current flows through the device. through the device.

Making OLEDsMaking OLEDs

Vacuum depositionVacuum deposition or or vacuum vacuum thermal evaporationthermal evaporation (VTE) (VTE)

Organic vapor phase depositionOrganic vapor phase deposition (OVPD)(OVPD)

  Inkjet printingInkjet printing

Inkjet PrintingInkjet Printing

How does OLEDs emit How does OLEDs emit light.?light.?

Types of OLEDsTypes of OLEDs

Passive-matrix OLED Passive-matrix OLED Active-matrix OLED Active-matrix OLED Transparent OLED Transparent OLED Top-emitting OLED Top-emitting OLED Foldable OLED Foldable OLED White OLED White OLED

Passive-Matrix OLED Passive-Matrix OLED (PMOLED)(PMOLED)

Passive-Matrix OLED Passive-Matrix OLED (PMOLED)(PMOLED)

PMOLEDs are easy to make, but they PMOLEDs are easy to make, but they consume more power than other types consume more power than other types of OLED, mainly due to the power of OLED, mainly due to the power needed for the external circuitry.needed for the external circuitry.

PMOLEDs are most efficient for text PMOLEDs are most efficient for text and icons and are best suited for and icons and are best suited for small screens (2- to 3-inch diagonal) small screens (2- to 3-inch diagonal) such as those you find in cell phones, such as those you find in cell phones, PDAs and MP3 players. PDAs and MP3 players.

Active-Matrix OLED Active-Matrix OLED (AMOLED)(AMOLED)

Active-Matrix OLED Active-Matrix OLED (AMOLED)(AMOLED)

AMOLEDs consume less power than AMOLEDs consume less power than PMOLEDs because the TFT array PMOLEDs because the TFT array requires less power than external requires less power than external circuitry, so they are efficient for circuitry, so they are efficient for large displays.large displays.

AMOLEDs also have faster refresh AMOLEDs also have faster refresh rates suitable for video.rates suitable for video.

The best uses for AMOLEDs are The best uses for AMOLEDs are computer monitors, large-screen TVs computer monitors, large-screen TVs and electronic signs or billboards.and electronic signs or billboards.

Transparent OLED Transparent OLED (TOLED)(TOLED)

                                         

                   

Transparent OLED Transparent OLED (TOLED)(TOLED)

Transparent OLEDs have only transparent Transparent OLEDs have only transparent components (substrate, cathode and components (substrate, cathode and anode) and, when turned off, are up to 85 anode) and, when turned off, are up to 85 percent as transparent as their substrate.percent as transparent as their substrate.

When a transparent OLED display is When a transparent OLED display is turned on, it allows light to pass in both turned on, it allows light to pass in both directions.directions.

A transparent OLED display can be either A transparent OLED display can be either active- or passive-matrix. This technology active- or passive-matrix. This technology can be used for heads-up displays. can be used for heads-up displays.

Top-Emitting OLED Top-Emitting OLED (TEOLED)(TEOLED)

                                          

                  

Top-Emitting OLED Top-Emitting OLED (TEOLED)(TEOLED)

Top-emitting OLEDs have a substrate Top-emitting OLEDs have a substrate that is either opaque or reflective. that is either opaque or reflective.

They are best suited to active-matrix They are best suited to active-matrix design. design.

Manufacturers may use top-emitting Manufacturers may use top-emitting OLED displays in smart cards. OLED displays in smart cards.

Foldable OLED (FOLED)Foldable OLED (FOLED)

Foldable OLED (FOLED)Foldable OLED (FOLED)

Foldable OLEDs have substrates made of Foldable OLEDs have substrates made of very flexible metallic foils or plastics. very flexible metallic foils or plastics.

Foldable OLEDs are very lightweight and Foldable OLEDs are very lightweight and durable. Their use in devices such as cell durable. Their use in devices such as cell phones and PDAs can reduce breakage, phones and PDAs can reduce breakage, a major cause for return or repair. a major cause for return or repair.

Potentially, foldable OLED displays can Potentially, foldable OLED displays can be attached to fabrics to create "smart" be attached to fabrics to create "smart" clothing.clothing.

White OLED (WOLED)White OLED (WOLED) White OLEDs emit white White OLEDs emit white

light that is brighter, more light that is brighter, more uniform and more energy uniform and more energy efficient than that emitted efficient than that emitted by fluorescent lights. by fluorescent lights.

White OLEDs also have the White OLEDs also have the true-color qualities of true-color qualities of incandescent lighting. incandescent lighting.

Because OLEDs can be Because OLEDs can be made in large sheets, they made in large sheets, they can replace fluorescent can replace fluorescent lights.lights.

OLED AdvantagesOLED Advantages

The plastic, organic layers of an OLED The plastic, organic layers of an OLED are are thinner, lighter and more flexiblethinner, lighter and more flexible than the crystalline layers in an LED or than the crystalline layers in an LED or LCD.LCD.

OLEDs are OLEDs are brighterbrighter than LEDs and than LEDs and LCDs. Because LEDs and LCDs require LCDs. Because LEDs and LCDs require glass for support, and glass absorbs glass for support, and glass absorbs some light. OLEDs do not require glass.some light. OLEDs do not require glass.

OLEDs do not require OLEDs do not require backlightingbacklighting like like LCDs. LCDs.

OLED AdvantagesOLED Advantages

Because OLEDs do not require Because OLEDs do not require backlighting, they backlighting, they consume much consume much less powerless power than LCDs (most of the than LCDs (most of the LCD power goes to the LCD power goes to the backlighting).backlighting).

OLEDs are OLEDs are easier to produceeasier to produce and and can be made to larger sizes. can be made to larger sizes.

OLEDs have OLEDs have large fields of viewlarge fields of view, , about 170 degrees. about 170 degrees.

OLED DisadvantagesOLED Disadvantages

Lifetime: Lifetime: OLEDs have a lifetime of OLEDs have a lifetime of about 100,000 hours.about 100,000 hours.

ManufacturingManufacturing - Manufacturing - Manufacturing processes are expensive right now. processes are expensive right now.

Water - Water - Water can easily damage Water can easily damage OLEDsOLEDs..

Current Applications of Current Applications of OLEDOLED

Currently, OLEDs are used in small-Currently, OLEDs are used in small-screen devices such as cell phones, screen devices such as cell phones, PDAs and digital cameras.PDAs and digital cameras.

                                                                                    

                                                                                                                                      

Current Applications of Current Applications of OLEDOLED

                                                                              

                                                                                                                                            

Current Applications of Current Applications of OLEDOLED

Samsung's prototype 40-inch OLED Samsung's prototype 40-inch OLED TV. TV.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                      

    

Future Applications of Future Applications of OLEDOLED

The prototype of a thin, rollable, flexible The prototype of a thin, rollable, flexible OLED display by Universal Display Corp. OLED display by Universal Display Corp.

Future Applications of Future Applications of OLEDOLED

This is how a keyboard looks in the This is how a keyboard looks in the near future using OLEDs.near future using OLEDs.

Some of the Present Some of the Present GadgetsGadgets

Future Applications of Future Applications of OLEDOLED

A prototype of a watch with a TV A prototype of a watch with a TV using OLEDs.using OLEDs.

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