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Offshore Met Mast Planning, Risk and Design
12 December 2012
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Offshore Wind Measurements
� Why Measure the wind?� Met Mast/ Remote Sensing � Planning � Risk � Design
Offshore Met Mast Planning, Risk and Design
12 December 2012
WHY?
�Why do you need a met mast? .’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’
�Do YOU need a met mast? .
�Can I use a Lidar?
�To provide IEC compliant wind measurements / Accurate AEP
�Yes, if you want to value your future asset.
�Yes, if you don’t need IEC compliant data
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Offshore Met Mast Planning, Risk and Design
12 December 2012
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Wind Measurement Central to Analysis
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Turbine Design Turbine Design Parameters
Testing and Operations
Turbine Site Suitability
Energy Assessments
Forecasting
Layout and Site Turbine
Layout and Site Selection
WIND MEASUREMENTS
Offshore Met Mast Planning, Risk and Design
12 December 2012
What Makes a Good Measurement Campaign
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II - Schematic view
on-site measurements
IEC quality amount of data
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2 3
ON-site measurements: Similarity of the metmast location with the wind farm location, in termsof wind climate.IEC quality of the measurements. Accurate andprecise devices are not enough. Themeasurements have to be considered as "valid" bythe banks (i.e. equivalent to a IEC-compliant metmast)Large amount of data Best practice of 2 years ofmeasurements at the primary measurementlocation.
III- Concepts definition
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2
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IV - Standards and good practices
Industry Practice for distances between 1…2 km to the turbines for moderately complex terrain
IEC-61400-12 Power curve measurement
DNV Remote Sensing guidelines
DE LIDAR acceptance criteria
Siting
Devices&
Mounting
I - Why do we measure the wind on-site ?
The only way to prevent the risk of bias (accurate p50)To give estimates as precise as possible (p90)
minimizeuncertainty !
1 2 3+ +=
bankable estimate and robust
business case
Offshore Met Mast Planning, Risk and Design
12 December 2012
Example of Good Measurement Practice
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Compliant with best practice� measurements on-site, measurements close to hub heights
Not Compliant with best practice� No measurements on-site, no measurements close to hub heights
Measurement period <2yr
Measurement period >2yrs
Wind farm B
out of all 2012 good practices
Wind farm A
• 3 years of IEC met mast data at 80-100 m
• Representative location
Wind farm C
maybe be suited for early stage or some internal analysis bankable projects + robust
business case p50
Offshore Met Mast Planning, Risk and Design
12 December 2012
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Design Basis Wind Conditions� Assessment of Wind Conditions
- DNV-OS-J101:2007- IEC 61400-1 Ed. 3:2005- IEC 61400-3 Ed. 1:2009
� Normal wind conditions are also referred to as operational conditions.
- Input to fatigue analysis- Speed, distribution, direction, shear, turbulence
� Extreme wind conditions- Input into loads analysis
� Wake and wind farm turbulence- Input into fatigue analysis
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Offshore Met Mast Planning, Risk and Design
12 December 2012
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Offshore Wind Measurements
� Why Measure the wind?� Met Mast/ Remote Sensing � Planning � Risk � Design
Offshore Met Mast Planning, Risk and Design
12 December 2012
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Data collection technologies
� Offshore met mast
� Fixed platform remote sensing
� Remote sensing on floating platforms
� Buoys
Photo from NBDC - NOAA
Offshore Met Mast Planning, Risk and Design
12 December 2012
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Data collection technologies
� Onshore met mast
� Mesoscale modeling
� Satellite observations
� Scanning lidar
� Aerial measurements
Photo courtesy ScanEagle
Offshore Met Mast Planning, Risk and Design
12 December 2012
Measuring the Wind Resource
� Meteorological (Met) Towers - Typically 80-120 m tall- Sensors at multiple heights- Data logger records data onsite- Met data well understood, “bankable”
� Remote Sensing- Ocean based- Can measure up to 200 m - New in wind industry- Used as supplement to towers…for now
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Offshore Met Mast Planning, Risk and Design
12 December 2012
What issues need to be considered?
�Offshore measurement plans need to optimize for many criteria:- Low cost- Low power requirements- Low uncertainty at measurement point- Low uncertainty across entire project- High equipment reliability- High perceived “bankability”- Low public concerns
�No single technology provides all the answers
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Offshore Met Mast Planning, Risk and Design
12 December 2012
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Offshore Wind Measurements
� Why Measure the wind?� Met Mast/ Remote Sensing � Planning � Risk � Design
Offshore Met Mast Planning, Risk and Design
12 December 2012
Typical offshore project – case study
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Offshore Met Mast Planning, Risk and Design
12 December 2012
Typical Project Timeline
� 2011: Start wind measurements
� 2012: Initial site characterization
� 2013: Turbine selection and project layout
� 2014: Project design certification
� 2015: Prepare for Phase 1 construction
� 2016: Construct Phase 1
� 2017: Construct Phase 2, reassess Phase 3+4
� 2018: Construct Phase 3
� 2019: Construct Phase 4
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Project D
evelopment Tim
eline
Offshore Met Mast Planning, Risk and Design
12 December 2012
Case Study – Fixed sodar/lidar details
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Offshore Met Mast Planning, Risk and Design
12 December 2012
Additional information : Floating Lidars ?
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Offshore Met Mast Planning, Risk and Design
12 December 2012
Floating Lidar Measurement Corrections
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
0 60 120 180 240 300Seconds
Win
d S
peed
(m/s
), H
eave
(m),
Pitc
h (d
egre
es)
Pitch Heave Actual Wind SpeedMeasured Wind Speed Actual Avg Speed Measured Avg Speed22
Offshore Met Mast Planning, Risk and Design
12 December 2012
Summary
� Representative, long term measurements are essential but can be supplemented with other data
� Combination of approaches may offer best results (lowest uncertainty) at lowest costs
� Each project is unique - Guidance on equipment and collection methods is
available- Minimum requirements are clear- But measurement campaigns must be designed for
individual projects with full consideration of objectives, risk tolerances, and impacts on uncertainty
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Offshore Met Mast Planning, Risk and Design
12 December 2012
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Offshore Wind Measurements
� Why Measure the wind?� Met Mast/ Remote Sensing � Planning � Risk� Design
Offshore Met Mast Planning, Risk and Design
12 December 2012
Risk: Case study example
� Project 1 is planned for construction in approximately three years and will be approximately 400 MW in size. The project will be located 20 km from the coastline, in a water depth of approximately 20 m.
� Project 2 is planned for construction starting in six years. The total project size will be approximately 4 GW, constructed in four phases of 1 GW each over four years. The project will be located approximately 40 km from the coast at its closest point, in water depths between 30 m and 40 m.
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Offshore Met Mast Planning, Risk and Design
12 December 2012
Case Study Project 1 – Configuration A
25 KM
10 KM
LAND SEA
Offshore Buoy
Onshore weather station
SITE
Hindcast(virtual mast)
Offshore Met Mast Planning, Risk and Design
12 December 2012
Case Study Project 1 – Configuration B
25 KM
10 KM
LAND SEA
Offshore Buoy
Onshore weather station
SITE
Hindcast(virtual mast)
Fixed Offshore met mast
Offshore Met Mast Planning, Risk and Design
12 December 2012
Case Study Project 1 – Configuration C
25 KM
10 KM
LAND SEA
Offshore Buoy
Onshore weather station
SITE
Hindcast(virtual mast)
Fixed Offshore met mast
Floating Lidar
Offshore Met Mast Planning, Risk and Design
12 December 2012
Case Study Project 1 - Results
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Config. A11.1%
Config. B9.0%
Config. C7.2%
0,0%
2,0%
4,0%
6,0%
8,0%
10,0%
12,0%
0 1 000 000 2 000 000 3 000 000 4 000 000 5 000 000 6 000 000 7 000 000 8 000 000 9 000 000
Com
bine
d un
cert
aint
y
Cost (GBP)
Configuration A Configuration B Configuration C
Cost of measurement (GBP) 276,358 6,484,416 8,304,575
Combined uncertainty 11.1% 9.0% 7.2%
P95/P50 Ratio 67.1% 73.4% 78.8%
Offshore Met Mast Planning, Risk and Design
12 December 2012
Case Study Project 2 – Configuration A
5 KM
3 KM
LAND SEA
Offshore Buoy
Oil platform
SITE
Regional wind map (low resolution)
Offshore Met Mast Planning, Risk and Design
12 December 2012
Case Study Project 2 – Configuration B
5 KM
3 KM
LAND SEA
Offshore Buoy
Lidar on Oil platform
SITE
Regional wind map (low resolution)
Offshore Met Mast Planning, Risk and Design
12 December 2012
Case Study Project 2 – Configuration C
5 KM
3 KM
LAND SEA
Offshore Buoy
Lidar on Oil platform
SITE
Regional wind map (low resolution) 2 x Floating Lidar
Offshore Met Mast Planning, Risk and Design
12 December 2012
Case Study Project 2 – Configuration D
5 KM
3 KM
LAND SEA
Offshore Buoy
Lidar on Oil platform
SITEFixed Offshore met mast
2 x Floating LidarRegional wind map (low resolution)
Offshore Met Mast Planning, Risk and Design
12 December 2012
Case Study Project 2 - Results
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Configuration A Configuration B Configuration C Configuration D
Cost of measurement (GBP) 161,858 481,716 4,096,932 10,309,190
Combined uncertainty 20.5% 14.7% 10.9% 8.9%
P95/P50 Ratio 39.2% 56.5% 67.6% 73.8%
Config A20.5%
Config. B14.7%
Config C10.9%
Config. D8.9%
0,0%
5,0%
10,0%
15,0%
20,0%
25,0%
0 2 000 000 4 000 000 6 000 000 8 000 000 10 000 000 12 000 000
Com
bine
d un
cert
aint
y
Cost (GBP)
Offshore Met Mast Planning, Risk and Design
12 December 2012
Summary/Results� Compare ROI for various technology options, including equipment
operations costs
� Align measurement (and associated cost) with project “certainty” at various stages of project development
� Uncertainty-based cost-benefit decision making that considers project specifics can help to optimise measurement campaign expenditures
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Offshore Met Mast Planning, Risk and Design
12 December 2012
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Offshore Wind Measurements
� Who are DNV KEMA?� Why Measure the wind?� Met Mast/ Remote Sensing � Planning� Risk � Design
Offshore Met Mast Planning, Risk and Design
12 December 2012
Offshore Met Mast Services
� Structural verification
� Instrumentation verification- Design review- Onshore survey- Offshore survey- To ensure “bankable” data
� Instrumentation specification/supply
� Data management
� Leveraging experience instrumenting and managing 500+ tall lattice masts
� Currently providing services to several Round 3 projects
� Ensuring value and acceptance
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Keystone Engineering's 'twisted jacket‘ DNV certified
Offshore Met Mast Planning, Risk and Design
12 December 2012
Floating Lidar Verification
� Design review
� Structural verification
� Licencing
� Geotechnical Management
� Turn Key Project Management covering Tendering/Contracts/Negotiation/ Installation, Operation and Maintenance and Recovery
� Data Management/review/monitor
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Offshore Met Mast Planning, Risk and Design
12 December 2012
Vessel Assessment and Due Diligence
� Many new vessels planned or under construction
� Vessel achievable performance is a major influence on construction schedule/cost risk
� DNV KEMA services:- Parametric modelling of capabilities and
impact on schedule/cost- Chartering and commissioning due
diligence- Evaluate new installation concepts- Commercial support
(procurement/chartering process)- Sea trials assessment/specification
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Offshore Met Mast Planning, Risk and Design
12 December 2012
Due Diligence
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� Project financing
� Installation vessels
� Mergers and acquisitions
� Portfolios
� Insurers
Offshore Met Mast Planning, Risk and Design
12 December 2012
Our heritage
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Offshore electrical engineering World-renowned in shipping
Trusted onshore wind partnerGlobal offshore experts
Offshore Met Mast Planning, Risk and Design
12 December 2012
Safeguarding life, property and the environment
www.dnv.com
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Offshore Met Mast Planning, Risk and Design
12 December 2012
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Key Atmospheric Characteristics� Wind speed
- Maximum, minimum, standard deviation- Wind speed distribution
� Barometric pressure
� Temperature
� Wind direction
� Wind shear - How wind speed changes with height
� Turbulence Intensity - Fluctuation of the wind speed
� Temporal variation- Diurnal- Seasonal- Year to year
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Air Density
Offshore Met Mast Planning, Risk and Design
12 December 2012
DNV - Offshore Wind Project Lifetime Extension
Client La Compagnie du Vent, France
Project Les Deux Côtes lifetime extension
French regulations require that offshore wind farms should be designed for a 30 year (instead of 20 year) life
Site conditions are not known in detail
Variety of options, e.g. turbine types, are considered
Obtaining wind information independently and estimating offshore resource / extremes / turbulence
Predicting life of turbines, structures, infrastructure
Recommendations for client focus
Independent technical advice
Ability to focus on most important issues
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Challenge
DNV’s approach
Value to the client
Offshore Met Mast Planning, Risk and Design
12 December 2012
DNV - Due Diligence for Four German Offshore Wind Projects
Client Iberdrola Erneuerbare Energien GmbH
Project Trophy (2008)
Due diligence for four offshore wind projects in the German Baltic and North Sea which are at various stages of development
Tight schedule to carry out work
Review of information available in an e-room
Independent review of wind resource, site conditions, contract conditions, costing and schedule
Independent technical advice on project feasibility
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Challenge
DNV’s approach
Value to the client
Offshore Met Mast Planning, Risk and Design
12 December 2012
DNV - Robin Rigg Installation / Commissioning Review
Client Utility company
Project Robin Rigg Offshore Wind Farm Project Certification
Multiple party installation and commissioning of wind farm
Weather and tidal related uncertainties for any activity on site
Independent assessment of installation and commissioning methods
On-site checks and identification of non-conformities
Clarification and close-out
Independent installation and commissioning review
Full project certification
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Challenge
DNV’s approach
Value to the client
Offshore Met Mast Planning, Risk and Design
12 December 2012
Joint Industry Project “CableRisk”
Client12 European companies: Subsea power cable manufacturers / installers and wind farm developers
ProjectDevelop a Recommended Practice for whole lifecycle of subsea power cables used in renewable and inter-connector applications (2011/12)
Persisting subsea power cable problems, frequently installation related
Threat of insurance companies to withdraw from the business
No suitable guidance for many stakeholders involved
Bring together key stakeholders in the form of a Joint Industry Project (JIP)
Investigate the issues and develop industry guidance
Review guidance with further stakeholders for endorsement
Disseminate information through free DNV-RP
First comprehensive guidance document on the subject
Reassurance of wider stakeholder community
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Challenge
DNV’s approach
Value to the client
Offshore Met Mast Planning, Risk and Design
12 December 2012
Statoil Access System Sea Trials Support
Client Statoil (indirectly Siemens)
ProjectAssist with Sea Trials of the Maxccess Wind Turbine Access System and Bayard 3 service vessel at Hywind Demo.
Determine the performance of a new wind farm service vessel and how this may be enhanced through the installation of a personnel access system.
Develop and apply trial procedures which will determine:
1. The operational performance ability of a new access system;
2. The operational performance of a new wind-farm service vessel
3. The potential combined performance of the access system and vessel.
Improved confidence in the operational capability of the vessel and its further enhancement through the installation of a compensated and dampened access system, will lead to improved turbine availability, technician safety and reduced cost.
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Challenge
DNV’s approach
Value to the client