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1396مهرماه
(هبیتات)دفتر برنامه اسکان بشر ملل متحد
Cities are facing unprecedented demographic, environmental, economic, social and spatial challenges.
UN-Habitat is the United Nations programme working towards a better urban
future. Its mission is to promote socially and environmentally sustainable
human settlements development and the achievement of adequate shelter for
all.
UN-HABITAT’s Tehran Office was established in 2009 to strengthen
cooperation between the Islamic Republic of Iran and UN-Habitat, to
contribute towards capacity building in the themes of sustainable
urban development through policy development, institutional
implementation and improvement of required skills and to promote UN-
Habitat mandated activities in Iran.
UN-Habitat Urban Themes in Iran
Urban Legislation, Land & Governance
Urban Planning & Design (Mobility planning)
Urban Economy
Urban Basic Services (Water and Sanitation)
Housing & Slum Upgrading
Risk Reduction & Rehabilitation
Research & Capacity Building
Social Inclusion
Sustainable Development Goals (17 Goals, 169 Targets, 230 Indicators)
Goal 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities
Goals 11 Sustainable cities and communities 11.2. By 2030, ensure access for all to adequate, safe and affordable housing and basic services and upgrade slums
GLOBAL CHALLENGE
Urbanization is one of the most important megatrends this century – already over half of the world’s population live in urban areas, this will rise to two thirds by 2050
Urban areas also have a crucial role to play in tackling climate change, as almost 70% of global greenhouse gas emissions come from cities. Sources overlap and include air pollution from transport, densely concentrated industrial and domestic energy use, and municipal uses such as street lighting.
Many cities are particularly vulnerable to disasters and the projected impacts of
climate change – including coastal sea level rise, urban heat waves, and other extreme weather events.
Considered and smart urban planning is key to ensuring safe, resilient and
sustainable cities, as lock-in of physical infrastructure and land use can last for decades.
Urban Water Demand Management Introducing demand responsive and demand management strategies to improve efficiency and equity of water supply and water use, and to give more influence to those currently deprived of water and sanitation. The Programme plans to focus on all aspects of demand management:
• Economic, • Social, • Technical, • Legal, • Administrative • Institutional
Urban Water Demand Management
UN-Habitat in I.R.IRAN
Agreement between the Government of Islamic Republic of Iran and
The United Nations Human Settlements Programme
Environment -Integrated natural resource management -Low carbon economy and climate change
Resilient economy -Inclusive growth, poverty eradication and social welfare - Food security, sustainable agriculture and improved nutrition - Sustainable urbanization -Natural disaster management - Sustainable employment -Population and development - Sustainable tourism and cultural heritage
Health -Universal health coverage - Prevention and control of non-communicable disease - Prevention and control of HIV/AIDS and other communicable disease -Promoting health throughout the course of life
Drug Control -Drug abuse prevention and treatment -Drug supply reduction
United Nations Development Assistance
Framework (UNDAF) 2017-2021
UN-Habitat Mandated Themes
New Urban Agenda
This century will see a substantial majority of the world’s population living in urban centres. It is now estimated that 54.5% of people live in urban areas. The Habitat III conference is the first Habitat conference to occur when the world population is majority urban. This makes Habitat III even more pressing, from the scale of global governance to that of the individual.
Habitat III
New Urban Agenda as a key instrument for national, sub-national, and local governments and all relevant stakeholders to achieve sustainable urban development
A. The Transformative Commitment for Sustainable Urban Development
• Sustainable Urban Development for Social Inclusion and Ending Poverty
• Sustainable and Inclusive Urban Prosperity and Opportunities for All
• Environmentally Sustainable and Resilient Urban Development
B. Effective Implementation
• Building the Urban Governance Structure: Establishing a Supportive Framework
• Planning and Managing Urban Spatial Development
• Means of Implementation
C. Follow-up and Review
New Urban Agenda Provisions Toward Resilience
and Sustainability
13h.Protect and restore ecosystems, water, natural habitats and biodiversity, minimize impacts to sustainable consumption and production patterns.
34.commit itself to provide potable and sanitation system to distribute fairly among all people and destroy all barriers.
70.Empowering local resources compare to heavy rely on distant energy sources to provide sustainable service.
71.Water as a very important part of the resources should be well managed through sustainable concerns by emerging ecosystem conservation, regeneration, restoration and resilience challenges.
73.conservation sustainability of water can be provided by treating wastewater, minimizing water losses, promoting water reuse and increasing water storage, retention and recharge.
119.To provide enough potable water and good sanitation facilities and satisfy health requirements in the disaster-related event by enhancing necessary infrastructures like hygiene, sewage, solid waste management, urban drainage and storm water management 120.By improving the capacity of infrastructures sustainable management shall be inputted to provide potable water and equitable sanitation.
New Urban Agenda Provisions Toward Resilience
and Sustainability
• A coherent set of decisions derived through a deliberate government-led process of coordinating and rallying various actors for a common vision and goal that will promote more transformative, productive, inclusive and resilient urban development for the long term (UN-Habitat, 2014).
National Urban Policy
Compact urban growth aims to intensify urban economic, social and cultural activities and to manipulate urban size though the promotion of activities such as urban regeneration, the revitalization of town centers, restraint on development in rural areas, higher densities, mixed-use development, and promotion of public transport, infill development, planned city extension and the concentration of urban development at public transport nodes.
A Key Qualifier: Compact, Integrated, and Connected Cities and Human Settlements
Challenges Toward Sustainable Water & sanitation
THE CHALLENGES OF SUSTAINABLE WATER MANAGEMENT
IN URBAN ENVIRONMENTS
Challenges of Iran
• Changes of water levels and decreasing
resources
• Shortage of rainfall
• Inefficient agricultural techniques
• Inefficient water management (such as
planning of dams)
• Lack of management of surface water and
runoffs
• Overuse of underground reserves
• Inadequate waste water management
• Over-drainage
• Droughts and its impact on water and food
provision
• Desertification and deforestation
• Pollution of existing reserves
Water scarcity
Climate change
Tehran-specific challenges
• Disregard of utilization of
traditional methods like Qanat
• Subsidence
• Climate change consequences
(such as shortage of rain or
snowfall)
The Multidimensional Impacts of Water and Sanitation
The Multidimensional Impacts of Water and Sanitation
“Water is probably the only natural resource to touch all aspects of human civilization —from agricultural and industrial development to the cultural and religious values embedded in society.”
Courtesy of UNESCO
24
How to deal with the different dimensions of water and sanitation
25
The intervention logic can be split into 3 different areas:
Public Health
Economy
Sustainable Eco-System
26
Public Health Intervention Logic
Institutional Reform
Education
Infrastructure (construction/ maintenance)
Improved Health
Increased Access to Basic Sanitation
Increased Affordability of Water & Sanitation
Reduced Rate of Water Related Diseases
Social Development
Improved Water & Sanitation Health & Hygiene Behaviour
Increased Access to Water
Greater Equity in Allocation of Water & Sanitation
Improved Quality of Water & Sanitation
OUTPUT CLUSTERS
GLOBAL IMPACTS INTERMEDIATE IMPACTS SPECIFIC IMPACTS
RESULTS/ OUTCOMES
Did you know?
More than 2.2 million
people die each year from
diseases associated with
poor water and sanitary conditions
Did you know? 17% of the world’s people lack access to safe water and 40% lack access to adequate sanitation services
Indicators • Water and sanitation hygiene awareness
• Domestic access to safe water
• Access to basic sanitation
Indicators • Pollution of water and soil • Treatment of waste water • Equity in domestic water and sanitation allocation
• Household expenditure on water and sanitation
Indicator • Rate of water borne diseases
Courtesy of UNESCO
27
Economy Intervention Logic
Improved Use of Water & Sanitation
Economic Growth
Increased Access to Water
Increased Affordability of Water & Sanitation
Increased Employment
OUTPUT CLUSTERS
GLOBAL IMPACTS INTERMEDIATE IMPACTS
SPECIFIC IMPACTS RESULTS/ OUTCOMES
Greater equity in Allocation of Water
Infrastructure (construction/ maintenance)
Improved Conditions for Economic Growth
Institutional Reform
Economy
Did you know?
Use of fresh water: 70 % irrigation 22 % industry 8 % domestic use
Indicators
• Employment resulting from water and sanitation construction and maintenance
• Irrigation requirements
• Equity in allocation of water between sectors
• Cost of water for business
Indicator
• Business access to water
Indicator
• Business productivity
Courtesy of UNESCO
28
Sustainable Eco-System Intervention Logic
Environment
Institutional Reform
Reduced vulnerability of Ecosystem to climatic events
Sustainable National Water Supply
Improved Use of Water & Sanitation
Improved Conservation & Preservation of Water
GLOBAL IMPACTS INTERMEDIATE IMPACTS
RESULTS/ OUTCOMES
OUTPUT CLUSTERS
Did you know?
By 2025 water withdrawals
are predicted to increase by
50% in developing countries
and 18% in developed
countries
Education
Indicators
• Availability of water • Preservation of water
• Water leakages • Recycling of water
Indicator
• Sustainable extraction of water
Courtesy of UNESCO
Environment
Institutional Reform
Infrastructure (construction/ maintenance)
Improved Health
Reduced vulnerability of Ecosystem to climatic events
Sustainable National Water Supply
Increased Access to Basic Sanitation
Strong Link
Link
Reduced Rate of Water Related Diseases
Improved Conservation & Preservation of Water
Social Development
Greater Equity in Allocation of Water & Sanitation
Improved Quality of Water & Sanitation
Improved Water & Sanitation Health & Hygiene Behaviour
Education
Increased Affordability of Water & Sanitation
Increased Access to Water
Improved Conditions for Economic Growth Economic
Growth
Economic
Improved Use of Water & Sanitation
Increased Employment
Poverty Reduction
GLOBAL IMPACTS OUTPUT CLUSTERS
SPECIFIC IMPACTS
RESULTS/ OUTCOMES
INTERMEDIATE IMPACTS
Effects
Sustainable Development Goals
Courtesy of UNESCO
Global Impacts Intermediate
Impact
Specific
Impact
Results/
Outcomes
The Missing Middle
30
Programming Implementation
Outputs
Courtesy of UNESCO
List of Indicators:
SPECIFIC/INTERMEDIATE IMPACT INDICATOR 17. Business productivity
- x% change in food production/yield and processing costs -x% change in industrial production costs INTERMEDIATE IMPACT INDICATORS
18. Sustainable extraction of water
- Annual extraction of from surface and ground water, in relation to its minimum annual recharge (i.e. water balance sheet) 19. Rate of water borne diseases
-Inflection rates for diseases such as diarrhoea, intestinal worms, parasitic infections etc.
SPECIFIC IMPACTS INDICATORS 13. water and sanitation hygiene awareness
- Improved collection and storage of drinking water - Proportion of people hand washing - Use of hygienic sanitation facilities 14. Domestic access to safe water (inc. time savings)
- Number of households connected to water network for x months of year - Number of households within 1km of safe water for x months of year -Number of households who receive more than 20 litres of water per day 15. Business access to water
- x% of agricultural water needs meet for x months of the year - x% of industrial water needs meet for x months of the year 16. Access to basic sanitation
-Number of people with access to basic sanitation
RESULTS/OUTCOMES INDICATORS
1. Availability of water - Change in water levels for lakes, rivers and water table
2. Preservation of water - Area of protected wetlands, lakes and rivers
3. Irrigation requirements - Amount of water needed to produce xm² of x food
4. Water leakages - % of water lost through water systems due to leakages
5. Recycling of water - Amount of sanitation water that is recycled - Amount of water used in industry that is recycled
6. Employment resulting from water and sanitation construction and maintenance -Number of people directly and indirectly employed in water and sanitation construction and maintenance projects
7. Pollution of water and soil - Levels of chemicals, minerals, metals, pesticides etc in soil and water (surface and ground water).
8. Treatment of waste water - Proportion of domestic, agricultural and industrial waste water that is treated before being discharged
9. Equity in domestic water and sanitation allocation - Rate of connection to water/sanitation network for slums/shanty towns compared to national average
- Level of rural poor connection to water/sanitation network compared to national average 10. Equity in allocation of water between sectors - Implementation of transparent public or public/private mechanisms to allocate water 11. Household expenditure on water and sanitation - x% of household expenditure on water and sanitation by each income group in society 12. Cost of water for businesses - Water as a x% cost of agricultural value - Water as a x% cost of industrial value
Courtesy of UNESCO
How UN Habitat can support the management in this regard
GREENER CITIES PARTNERSHIP
Memorandum of Understanding between UN Habitat and Tehran Province Water and Wastewater Company, The collaboration between the parties will be implemented with a focus on:
1. green and sustainable urban development 2. capacity building, education and training, 3. sustainable water management, 4. water and sanitation infrastructure and facilities, 5. water productivity and efficiency, 6. water quality management, 7. water accounting and water auditing,
8. water safety regulations.
The primary result of the collaboration
• Policies, projects and programmes are developed under the themes of sustainable water and sanitation management, infrastructure and facilities provision, urban development and climate change;
GREENER CITIES PARTNERSHIP
The Green Climate Fund (GCF)
Project objectives
• The “waste water treatment plant” project improved access of residents to environmentally friendly sewerage systems
• increasing sewer coverage capacity and reliability in the west of Tehran
• The project aims to collecting the raw domestic wastewater from West and Southwest of Tehran which contains slums and low income people
• The proposal involves design, construction and operation of four modules :
1. of basic and new treatment facilities, namely disinfection unit (UV) with micro strainer,
2. Sludge stabilization plant (such as CHP) 3. Resulting sludge from two wastewater
treatment plants, discharged to the sewage lines upstream of the tunnel
4.
The Green Climate Fund (GCF)
The primary result of the collaboration
• The capacity of the technical and the managerial bodies and experts of TPWW is enhanced through training courses, workshops, national and international awareness campaigns etc
GREENER CITIES PARTNERSHIP
The primary result of the collaboration
• High level meetings, lectures, workshops and conferences on water and sanitation are jointly organized and the results are presented at the national
and international levels.
GREENER CITIES PARTNERSHIP
Urban Agenda, adopted at Habitat III, and considering the commitment of UN-Habitat programme to capacity building, Office of Tehran is devising and delivering innovative training courses across multiple thematic areas. As UNITAR elaborates, training course help enhance the effectiveness of the UN through diplomatic training, and to increase the impact of and support country level actions through awareness-raising, education and training of public policy officials, for shaping a better future.
The primary result of the collaboration
GREENER CITIES PARTNERSHIP
Habitat can hold courses for the following categories:
Training courses for managers and experts
Training courses for the professionals
Capacity building training courses for public awareness-raising
Training NGOs oriented towards training them as Habitat ambassadors
Primary result of the collaboration
• Joint projects in accordance with the mandate of UN-Habitat and agreed areas of cooperation with this MoU are developed
GREENER CITIES PARTNERSHIP
Sustainable Water Cycle Tools in
Urban Environments
Waste water is considered as part of a complete system, not only in the the treatment and discharge, but also in the whole process of consumption of water resources. Therefore, instead of being considered as substances to eliminate, become a water resource. This approach allows you to design the various parts in order to optimize the system as a whole.
SYSTEMS TYPES OF WETLANDS/ FITODEPURATION SYSTEM
RECOVERY OF GRAY WATER
RECOVERY OF METEORIC WATER
DISCHARGE WATER MANAGEMENT IN ZOOTECHNOLOGY AND AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRIES
REUSE OF WASTEWATER IN AGRICULTURE IN SOUTH OF TEHRAN PROVICES
THE FITODEPURATION FOR SMALL URBAN CENTERS AND
ISOLATED FRACTIONS
“The phytodepuration systems is a natural treatment technique that reproduces natural purification processes in a controlled environment. The phytodepuration are well adapted and fully reflect the concept of appropriate treatment provided by the sustainable water cycle management”
the use of a fitodepuration system for treating the waste of small fractions and isolated centers can have obvious advantages in terms of minimizing management costs: you can manage your facility with simple periodic visits, avoiding the constant presence of on-site staff. In particular, the choice of a "French system” allows to completely eliminate the problem sewage sludge treatment. there are no primary treatments and the wastewater, after grilling,could be sent directly to the first stage of the phytodepuration system.
Great efficiency abatement of organic matter, bacterial loads and nutrients even at varying loads
Simplicity of function and realization
Low cost maintenance compared to traditional systems
no energy consumption
No managemet cost
great environmental integration
absence of odor
Advantage
Recovery of Grey Water
Reducing the need for fresh water. Saving on fresh water use can significantly reduce household water bills, but also has a broader community benefit in reducing demands on public water supply.
Reducing the amount of wastewater entering sewers or on-site treatment systems. Again, this can benefit the individual household, but also the broader community.
Advantage
Reuse of Grey Water
1. Irrigation, irrigation and Reuse in
agriculture crops, as well as for irrigation of green areas, ricreative and sportive;
2. civilian, for washing the streets of
urban centers, for heating or cooling systems, for supplying dual networks separate from those for drinking water;
3. Industrial, like fire water with the
exclusion of uses that involve contact between recovered waste water and food or pharmaceutical and cosmetic products;
Recovery of Meteoric Water
Comparison between traditional approach and
sustainable rainwater resource management
• negative impacts on water bodies (high rates of water flow in short duration and considerable pollution loads from diffused sources);
• overflow of sewage with risk of regurgitation and flooding;
• microclimate alterations
reducing run-off volumes by creating conditions favoring soil infiltration and contributing In charging the groundwater aquifer;
the reduction of the polluting load carried by the waters of rain;
the recovery and reuse of rainwater reduction of hydraulic risk