April 20, 2023 1

THE CELL

April 20, 2023 2

Animal Cell Structure

Animal Cell1.no cell wall2.no

chloroplasts3.no central

vacuole4.has centrioles

cytoplasm

mitochondria

cell membraneSER

exocytosis

cytoskeleton

golgi apparatus

RER (ribosomes)

vacuole

nuclear membrane

nucleolus

nuclear porechromosomeslysosomeflagella

centrioles

April 20, 2023 3

Plant Cell Structure

Plant Cell1.cell wall2.chloroplasts3.a large central

vacuole4.no centrioles

cytoplasm

mitochondria

cell membrane

SER

cell wall

cytoskeleton

golgi apparatus

RER (ribosomes)

vacuole

nuclear membrane

nucleolusnuclear pore

chromosomes

chloroplast

Structures of a CellHow many do you remember?Close all books and notes : )

April 20, 2023 4

nucleolus

nucleoplasm (chromosomes)nuclear pores

nuclear membrane

small vacuole

secretory vesicles

Golgi apparatus

mitochondria

smooth endoplasmic reticulumrough endoplasmic reticulum

ribosomes

cytoskeleton

cell membrane

cell wall

centrioles

large vacuole

lysosome

chloroplast

cilia / flagellum

cytoplasm

ANIMAL CELL PLANT CELL

Switch with a partner!Place a small checkmark next to the correct answers.

Put their score out of 20 in the right hand corner.

1. 11. 2. 12.3. 13. 4. 14. 5. 15.6. 16.7. 17.8. 18.9. 19.10. 20.

nucleolus

nucleoplasm (chromosomes)

nuclear pores

nuclear membrane

small vacuole

secretory vesicles

Golgi apparatus

mitochondria

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

rough endoplasmic reticulum

ribosomes

cytoskeleton

cell membrane

cell wall

centrioles

large vacuole

lysosome

chloroplast

cilia / flagellum

cytoplasm

VIDEO

April 20, 2023 7

April 20, 2023 8

Plasma MembraneAlso called the cell

membrane

The plasma membrane regulates what enters and leaves the cell.

Fluid Mosaic Model of Cell Membrane

9

protein channeltunnels that allow water or specific small ions in/out of cell

April 20, 2023

PLASMA MEMBRANE

carbohydrate

globular protein

phospholipid

fatty acid tails

(hydrophobic)

phosphate head

(hydrophilic)protein channel

Fluid Mosaic Model

April 20, 2023 11

Plasma Membrane - Proteins

Cytoskeleton

microtubules

microfilaments

mitochondrion

Functions of microfilaments and microtubules:

1. support the cell 2. make up centrioles 3. make up cilia & flagella

April 20, 2023 13

General Structure of a CellCells are the basic structural and functional units of life.

Cells are bathed in an aqueous solution called extracellular fluid.

There are many different kinds of cells, which are specialized to carry out particular functions.

In spite of this, cells have many common features.

TEXTBOOKS

• Please go take a textbook and return to your seat. (stretch while you are standing)

• Start by reading Page 8… The Transmission Electron MicroscopeThe Scanning Electron MicroscopeMake Jot Notes on those two sections.(3 points about each)Page # 9 complete # 4, 5

April 20, 2023 14

General Structure of a Cell

Cell PartPlant, animal or both

Function

cell membrane

•semi-permeable•controls what enters/leaves•composed of phospholipid bilayer, proteins, carbohydrates (fluid mosaic model)

cell wall •tough rigid outer boundary•protection

cytoplasm both •Cytosol (aqueous solution) and cell organelles outside the nucleus .

•make proteins

both

plant

ribosomes

both

General Structure of a Cell

Cell PartPlant, animal or both

Function

smooth endoplasmic

reticulum (SER)

both •canals throughout cytoplasm to transport materials•make fats

•canals with ribosomes attached (area for protein synthesis)

Golgi apparatus

•stacks of membranes which modify protein for secretion (export)•packages them into vesicles

lysosomes animal •contain enzymes (proteins) that can break down molecules (food, bacteria, wastes, the cell itself)

rough endoplasmic

reticulum (RER)

both

both

General Structure of a Cell

Cell PartPlant, animal or both

Function

Mitochondria(write at the

bottom)

both •powerhouse of the cell •produces energy (cellular respiration)

animal •a pair of cylinders that aid in cell division

plastids plant •free-floating membrane-bound sac for storageexample:chloroplast photosynthesis

both •large (plants), small (animals) membrane-bound sacs filled with water•Turgor pressure

centrioles

vacuoles

General Structure of a Cell

Cell PartPlant, animal or both

Function

•control centre of the cell•directs all of the cell’s activities

nuclear membrane

both

•porous double membrane•separates nucleus from cytoplasm

nucleoplasm •A mixture of chemicals that stores information•rich in nucleic acids

nucleolus •dense body in the centre of the nucleus thought to make ribosomes

both

nucleus both

both

General Structure of a Cell

Cell PartPlant, anima

l or

both

Function

•genetic material•contains instruction for what proteins to make

DNA occurs in two forms:

1. chromatin – long & thin

(when cell is not dividing)

2. chromosomes – short & thick

(during cell division)

BothDNA

CHLOROPLASTDo on your own!

PRE-LAB: OBSERVING CELLSRecall: Microscope usage

Proper Biological Diagrams

Preparing Slides

Your Task: Prepare a slide and draw a proper biological diagram of each of the following cells. TOTAL 4 DIAGRAMS

Type of Cell Stain Used

cheek cell methylene blue

potato cell iodine

tomato cell no stain

red onion cell no stain

PROPER BIOLOGICAL DIAGRAMSName

DateType of Cell (stain used)

label 1

label 2

label 3

Total Magnification

i.e. 400 X

Note:

•Use blank white paper

•Use pencil

•Use a ruler

•No colouring

•No shading

•No arrows

•Labels must line up vertically

•Label lines are parallel

(Label lines do NOT cross)

LAB: OBSERVING CELLSYour Task: Write a Formal Lab Report.

Note: Discussion questions (1 – 3) are as follows.

1. What cell organelles were stained by methylene blue in cheek cells?

2. What cell organelles were you unable to find? Suggest two possible reasons for

this.

3. Summarize in chart form the similarities and differences between plant and

animal cells based on what you examined in this lab. Include differences in cell

sizes in your answer.

FORMAL LAB REPORT

All formal lab reports must include the following:

Title Page

Title of the Lab

SBI 3C

Your Name

Partner’s Name

Ms. Kerr

Date

centred on the page

in the bottom right-hand corner

FORMAL LAB REPORTAll formal lab reports must include the following:

Purpose: One sentence stating the reason for doing the lab.

Materials: A list of what you used during the lab.

Procedure: A set of numbered steps. (Instructions)

Observations: Biological diagrams and/or a chart with written observations.

Discussion Questions: Answer all discussion questions using complete sentences.

Conclusion: Briefly comment on the results of the lab

(Make sure it relates to the purpose specifically.)

Lab # 1 Observing Cells

DUE : February 9, 2010

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General Structure of a CellHomework• Page 15 # 2, 3, 4, 5 ( we can do these together)

Finish work from Tuesday:The microscope lab – hand in up until Friday

Page 8 jot notes SEM and TEMPage 9 # 4 & 5