objective tlw analyze examples of how art, architecture, literature, music, and drama reflect the...
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ObjectiveTLW analyze examples of how art, architecture,
literature, music, and drama reflect the history of the cultures in which they are producedRome: Romulus and Remus
Identify the characteristics of the following political systems: theocracy, absolute monarchy, democracy, republic, oligarchy, limited monarchy, and totalitarianism
AgendaIntroduction to the Roman EmpireRoman Numeral Activity Rome: Engineering an Empire
Do you think Faustulus was justified taking the twins from the wolf? Why or why not?
Romulus and Remus took stolen goods and returned them to their rightful owners. What story has a similar plot during a later historical time period?
Do you feel Romulus should have become a god? Why or why not?
Almost all cultures have stories that explain their beginnings. Why do you think Romans used Romulus and Remus for that purpose?
Peninsula that juts out into the Mediterranean SeaLooks like a boot
Italy’s central location helped the Romans expand their powerThe lack of major
geographic barriers helped Rome unify Italy
Unlike Greece remember that
Greece’s mountains caused city-states
•Rome
LatinsRoman ancestors that migrated into Italy by about
800 B.C. Settled amongst the seven hills along the Tiber
RiverThis settlement would grow into Rome
Etruscan (Greek city-state)North of RomeRuled much of central Italy, including Rome
itselfRomans adopted their alphabet, architecture,
and religionConquered by the Romans in 509 B.C.
Romans set up a new government that they called a Republic Romans believed that the Republic would keep any
individual from gaining too much powerSenate
Held most of the governing power300 members called patricians (members of the
landholding upper class)Served for life and made the laws
Each year the senators elected two consuls from the patricianConsuls job was to supervise the business of government
and command the armiesConsuls could only serve one term (system to check on the
power of government)
During time of war, the senate might choose a dictator
Granted power to rule for six months
Romans admired Cincinnatus as a model dictator
Plebeians are farmers, merchants, artisans, and traders who made up a bulk of the population, but had little influence on the government
Their first breakthrough came when they had the government inscribe the laws of Rome on 12 tablets and set it in the Forum, or marketplace for all to see
In time, Plebeians gained the right to elect their own officials, called tribunes, to protect their interest, and the tribunes could veto laws that they felt were harmful to Plebeians
Eventually, Plebeians were able to serve on the SenateFramers of the United States Constitution would adapt
such Roman ideas as the senate, the veto, and checks
Over the centuries, women, especially patricians, gained more freedom and influence.
EducationBoys and girls were
taught to read and write, including those in lower classes.
The wealthy hired private tutors in the late republic.
ReligionGods adapted from
Greeks and Etruscans
Jupiter- ruled over the sky and other gods.
Held many religious festivals and worshiped in many temples.
By 270 B.C., the Roman armies conquered most of the Italian peninsula
Success=diplomacy & loyal, well trained army
Conquered Lands: generally treated with justice. Conquered peoples
had to acknowledge Roman leadership, pay taxes, and supply soldiers for the Roman army
Most remained loyal because Rome allowed them to keep their own customs, money, and local governments
Roman Legion (5,000)
I = 1 unusV = 5 quinqueX = 10 decemL = 50
quinquagintaC = 100 centumD = 500
quingentiM = 1000 mille
Here are four basic principles for reading and writing Roman numerals:
A letter repeats its value that many times (XXX = 30, CC = 200, etc.). A letter can only
be repeated three times. If one or more letters are placed after another
letter of greater value, add that amount. VI = 6 (5 + 1 = 6)LXX = 70 (50 + 10 + 10 = 70)MCC = 1200 (1000 + 100 + 100 = 1200)
If a letter is placed before another letter of greater value, subtract that amount.
IV = 4 (5 – 1 = 4)XC = 90 (100 – 10 = 90)CM = 900 (1000 – 100 = 900)
Several rules apply for subtracting amounts from Roman numerals:
a. Only subtract powers of ten (I, X, or C, but not V or L)
For 95, do NOT write VC (100 – 5). DO write XCV (XC + V or 90 + 5).
b. Only subtract one number from another. For 13, do NOT write IIXV (15 – 1 – 1). DO write XIII (X + I + I + I or 10 + 3).
c. Do not subtract a number from one that is more than 10 times greater. (That is, you can subtract 1 from 10 [IX] but not 1 from 20 – there is no such number as IXX.)
For 99, do NOT write IC (C – I or 100 – 1). DO write XCIX (XC + IX or 90 + 9).
A bar placed on top of a letter or string of letters increases the numeral's value by 1,000 times.
XV = 15, XV= 15,000
