• Objective: Students will be able to describe the phases and atomic arrangement of matter

• Warm Up:Write down as many things as you can think of about Matter.

What is Matter?

Matter: A substance that has mass and volume (takes up

space).

PHASES OF MATTER

• Matter on Earth can exist as 4 different phases or states.– Solid– Liquid– Gas– Plasma

All living and non-living things are made of matter.

SOLID

• Has a definite volume and a definite shape.

• The atoms or molecules in a solid are strongly attracted to one another and tightly packed.

• Examples:– Rocks– Desk– Apple Microscopic view of a solid.

LIQUID• has a definite volume but

no definite shape.• The atoms or molecules

in a liquid are attracted to each other, but not as strongly as those of a solid. They are free to move over and around each other.

– Water– Blood– Milk

Microscopic view of a liquid.

GAS• Has no definite volume and no definite

shape.• The atoms or molecules of gases

have very little attractive force on each other. This causes them to move freely and independently.

• The atoms or molecules move apart until they’re evenly spaced throughout the container they are placed in.

• Examples:– Air (mixture of different gases)– Water Vapor (water in a gas form)

Microscopic view of a gas.

• Phase Properties

Phase

Particle Properties

Atoms Energy Motion Volume Shape

Solid

Liquid

Gas

close little vibrational definite definite

close moderate rotational definite indefinite

far apart a lot translational indefinite indefinite

Gases, liquids and solids are all made up of microscopic particles, but the behaviors of these particles differ in the three phases. The following figure illustrates the microscopic differences.

                                                               

Microscopic view of a gas. Microscopic view of a liquid. Microscopic view of a solid.

Some Characteristics of Gases, Liquids and Solids and the Microscopic Explanation for the Behavior

gas liquid solid

assumes the shape and volume of its container

particles can move past one another

assumes the shape of the part of the container which it occupies

particles can move/slide past one another

retains a fixed volume and shape rigid - particles locked into place

compressible lots of free space between particles

not easily compressible little free space between particles

not easily compressible little free space between particles

flows easily particles can move past one another

flows easily particles can move/slide past one another

does not flow easily rigid - particles cannot move/slide past one

another

Plasma

• Most of the matter in the universe is in the plasma state.

• Stars are composed of matter in the plasma state.

• Plasma exists at very high temperatures and pressures.

• The Sun is matter in this state.

Plasma on Earth

• On Earth, plasma is found in lightning bolts.