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Obesity By Jason Garcia

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Acknowledgments o Obesity Action Coalition The Obesity Action Coalition (OAC) is a nearly 50,000 member-strong 501(c)(3) National non- profit organization dedicated to giving a voice to the individual affected by the disease of obesity and helping individuals along their journey toward better health through education, advocacy and support.

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Objectives o Define obesity o Describe health consequences of obesity o Explain strategies to reduce obesity o Explain how to reduce consequences of obesity o Explain strategies to promote health

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Obesity o Definition: excessive weight that may impair health o How do we measure If someone is obese? Body Mass Index (BMI) o BMI Categories: Normal weight = 18.5-24.9 Overweight = 25-29.9 Obesity = BMI of 30 or greater

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Just the Facts! o In the United States, it is estimated that 93 million Americans are affected by obesity. o Individuals affected by obesity are at a higher risk for impaired mobility and experience a negative social stigma commonly associated with obesity. o Socioeconomic status plays a significant role in obesity. Low-income minority populations tend to experience obesity at higher rate and are more likely to be overweight. o In 2001, the states with the top five percentages for obesity were Mississippi, West Virginia, Michigan, Kentucky and Indiana. o Almost 112,000 annual deaths are attributable to obesity. o In the United States, 40 percent of adults do not participate in any leisure-time physical activity.

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Cause of Obesity o Simple equationwhen you eat more than you use..it is stored in your body as fat. Causes Global shift in how we eat Western diet of processed food Higher sugar, fat and calories in what we eat Less nutrients Reduced intake of vitamins and minerals

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Low Income Countries o Double Burden of Disease According to OAC there is a double burden of disease Countries that are developing are still having issues of infectious disease and under-nutrition There is also an increase of chronic disease related to obesityespecially in urban settings Causes inadequate prenatal care, lack of infant and child nutrition and eating high fat and high sugar foods

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What does obesity do to our bodies? o With more people gaining too much weight..there are health issues to consider Cardiovascular disease Diabetes type 2 Musculoskeletal disorders Cancers-endometrial, cervical and colon Infertility Gallstones Premature death and disability

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Heart Disease and Diabetes o Heart Disease The worlds number #1 cause of death Kills 17 million each year around the world Heart attack Stroke o Diabetes type 2 Becoming global epidemic WHO projects diabetes will increase by 50% across the world

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Diabetes Type 2 o Increasing at alarming rates in all age groups o Mostly caused by being overweight and obese o According to OAC Diabetes affects more than 200 million people in the world Diabetes effects mostly low and middle income countries Over half of the deaths were women55% Can be prevented

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Diabetes Type 2 o Symptoms Blurred vision Erectile dysfunction Fatigue Frequent or slow-healing infections Increased appetite Increased thirst Increased urination

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Complications of Diabetes o Heart disease and stroke o Glaucoma o Neuropathyespecially the feet o Skin complications...wounds do not heal well o Diabetic retinopathy (eye disease) o Kidney disease and kidney failure o Damage to blood vessels that supply the legs and feet (peripheral vascular disease)

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What about children? o When children are overweight, they are more likely to be overweight and obese as adults. o How can children avoid being obese? This starts as soon as we are born.

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Healthy Starts o Before we are born Mothers who: Normal BMI during pregnancy Eat healthy and exercise moderately Gain 11.5-16 kg Prenatal care o When we are babies Study shows babies weaned before 4 months gained more weight than recommended According to WHO: Breastfeed for at least 6 months exclusively and beyond if possible

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Childhood Obesity o Rates of childhood obesity are alarming o Problem is worldwide o Estimated in 2010 42 million children under age 5 are considered overweight o Tripled in past 30 years Age 6-116.5% to 19.6% Age 12-195.0% to 18.1%

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Childhood Obesity o Genetic Link Multifactorial condition related to sedentary lifestyle, too much good intake and choice of foods actually alter genetic make-up, creating higher risk of obesity o Behavioral Children will more likely choose healthier foods if they are offered to them at young ages and in the home o Environment In homes where healthy food is not available, or the food choices are not healthy. Obesity can occur

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Childhood Obesity o Why does this matter? Premature death Developing heart disease at younger ages Developing diabetes type 2 at younger ages o What can be done? Childhood obesity is preventable Role of the schools Role of health care professionals

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Nutrition o Nutrition counts! Nutrition is everything! Healthy foods, fruits, vegetables, legumesa colorful diet is best! Low sugar, low fat Play an hour a day!

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What can Schools do to help? o Create healthy eating policy during school hours. Meaningno junk food o Provide healthy snacks for children to have or purchaselocal fruits and vegetables that children like to eat o Have an exercise activity every day during school hours of at least 20 minutes o Use activities as a reward rather than food

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Reducing Childhood Obesity o Takes collaborative effort from everyone o From Nursing: Advocate for healthy eating Advocate obtaining nutritious food Advocate for exerciseone hour a day to play Advocate for health promoting exercise Educate the public

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OAC Strategy o Strategy for fighting obesity Behavior Modifications: Diet and exercise are often the front-line of defense when it comes to weight-loss and most individuals affected by obesity do struggle with this; however, diet and exercise should be the first place for you to start. Regardless of treatment choice, lifestyle modification through diet and exercise is essential to the success of any weight-loss program.

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Lets talk about each one o Reduce risk factors for chronic disease To reduce, there needs to be more exercise and better eating habits o Increase awareness and understanding To understand the influence of diet and why physical activity makes a difference

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And the last two o To develop and implement global, regional, national policies and action plans Work to improve diets and definition of physical activity o Monitor Science and promote research On how diet affects the body, how to influences How much physical activity is best for most

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Evidence o Where is the evidence? o The Global Strategy on Diet, Physical Activity and Health have determined: When threats to health are addressed, people can remain health into their 80s and 90s Risk reductioneven modest has sustainable benefits Healthy living with not smoking is considered effective in reducing threats of noncommunicable disease

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Evidence o Something as simple as eating fruits and vegetables can save millions of lives; according to OAC, 2014: Low fruit and vegetable intake 2.7 million lives could be saved with enough fruits and vegetables

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Fruits and Vegetables o OAC states: Fruits and vegetables need to be part of the daily diet to prevent disease such as obesity and noncommunicable disease The statistics are startling Lack of enough fruits and vegetables cause 19% of GI deaths 31% of Ischemic heart disease 11% of stroke

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How much fruit is enough? o OAC recommends at least 400 gms of fruit and vegetables each day This will prevent chronic disease related to overweight and obesity Heart disease Diabetes Cancers

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Essential Understandings o It is well known that obesity is preventable. It is caused by eating more than we needso how can we prevent obesity? Each of us canaccording to OAC Have a balance of energy and healthy weight Limit how much fat we eatwe need to eat some..but not too much. Increase fruits and vegetables Limit sugars Increase exercise to at least 30-60 minutes per day on most days!

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Helpful Websites o Obesity Action Coalition http://www.obesityaction.org o US Department of Health and Human Services http://www.nhlbisupport.com/bmi/bminojs.htm o American Diabetes Association http://www.diabetes.org/diabetes-basics/type-2