ob 6
Post on 21-Oct-2014
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Perception
A process by which individuals organise and interpret their sensory impressions in order to give meaning to their environment.
Perception
Perception is the process whereby people select, organise, and interpret sensory stimulation's into meaningful information about their work environment. There can be no behaviour without perception and perception lies at the base of every individual behaviour.
Perception
Why Is it Important? Because people’s behaviour is based
on their perception of what reality is, not on reality itself.
The world as it is perceived is the world that is behaviourally important.
Factors that Influence Perception
Perception
The Target
• Novelty
• Motion
• Sounds
• Size
• Background
• Proximity
The Perceiver
• Attitudes
• Motives
• Interests
• Experience
• Expectations
The Situation
• Time
• Work setting
• Social setting
Factors Influencing Perception
Perceiver: Attitudes Motives Interests Experience Expectations
Factors Influencing Perception Target:
Novelty Motion Sounds Size Background Proximity Similarity
Factors Influencing Perception
Situation: Time Work Setting Social Setting
Attribution: Understanding the causes of others behaviour.
When individuals observe behaviour, they attempt to determine whether it is internally or externally caused.
The process through which we seek to identify the causes of others’ behaviour and so gain knowledge of their stable traits and dispositions.
Attribution Theory
When individuals observe behaviour, they attempt to determine whether it is internally or externally caused. Internally caused behaviour are those
that are believed to be under the personal control of the individual.
Externally caused behaviour is seen as resulting from outside causes.
Attribution Theory Distinctiveness
Does individual act the same way in other situations?
Consensus Does individual act the same as others in
same situation? Consistency
Does the individual act the same way over time?
Attribution Theory
Observation InterpretationAttribution
of cause
External
High
Low
High
High
Low
Internal
External
Internal
Internal
External
Individual
behaviour
Distinctiveness
Consensus
Consistency
Low
Attribution: Some Basic Sources of Error
Fundamental Attribution Error: The tendency to underestimate the
influence of external factors and overestimate the influence of internal factors when making judgments about the behaviour of others.
Attribution: Some Basic Sources of Error
Self-Serving Bias: The tendency for individuals to
attribute their own successes to internal factors while putting the blame for failures on external factors.