o365con14 - powershell for exchange administrators

PowerShell for Exchange Administrators

Dejan Foro CEO,

Exchangemaster GmbH

European Office 365 Connect Conference,

Haarlem, Netherlands 2.4.2014

Speaker introduction

• 21 years in IT of which last 16 as an Exchange specialist

• 6 Exchange generations (5.5, 2000, 2003, 2007, 2010, 2013)

• 3,2 million mailboxes

• Exchange User Group Europe - Founder

• 9x Microsoft MVP for Exchange

• Founder and CEO, Exchangemaster GmbH, Zurich, Switzerland

Agenda

• Introduction

• Setting you up for working with PowerShell

• PowerShell basics

• Using PowerShell examples in daily Exchange administration

Presentation download

• This presentation will be available for download from

www.exchangemaster.net

http://www.exchangemaster.net/

Setting you up for work with PowerShellTools, etc.

Get the proper Tools

http://www.idera.com/productssolutions/freetools/powershellplus



PowerShell Plus

• Advantages over built in PowerShell editor

• Advanced Editor

• Code you use everday at hand

• Script sharing with your colleauges

• Profiles

• Modules loading

• Different layouts

• Code signing

If you use other scripting languages in additionto Powershell -

PowerGUI

Introduction to PowerShellABC of Exchange Administration with PowerShell

Introduction

• How it used to be ....

• Problems of Scripting in Windows enviroment

• Many things could be done through command line

• VBScript – programming knowledge required, knowledge of VB, WMI, WBEM, ADSI, object models

• security voulnearable

Introduction

• How it is today ...

• Scripting with PowerShell in Exchange

• Command line interface developed first, than GUI

• EVERYTHING can be done via command line

• Exchange managment GUI actually executes PowerShell commands and shows you the syntax

• Single line commands replace pages of VB code

• Symple syntax

• Better security – exectution of powershell scripts completely disabled by default, require scripts to be signed, etc.

Introduction

• Exchange Powershell – 500+ commands

Get-Excommand

• Don’t worry, you will be cool with approx. 20

Why are you going to love PowerShell

• Task example :

• Get a list of mailboxes and export into .csv file

Why you are going to love PowerShell• VBScript

Dim SWBemlocator

Dim objWMIService

Dim colItems

Dim objFSO

Dim objFile

strTitle="Mailbox Report"

strComputer = “MyServer"

UserName = ""

Password = ""

strLog="Report.csv"

Set objFSO=CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject")

Set objFile=objFSO.CreateTextFile(strLog,True)

strQuery="Select * from Exchange_Mailbox"

Set SWBemlocator = CreateObject("WbemScripting.SWbemLocator")

Set objWMIService = SWBemlocator.ConnectServer(strComputer,"\root\MicrosoftExchangeV2",UserName,Password)

Set colItems = objWMIService.ExecQuery(strQuery,,48)

For Each objItem In colItems

objFile.writeline objItem.ServerName & "," &objItem.StorageGroupName &_

"," & objItem.StoreName & "," & Chr(34) & objItem.MailboxDisplayName

Next

objFile.close

Why you are going to love PowerShell

• PowerShell

Get-mailbox | export-csv c:\report.csv

.... And Action !!!

Command Syntax

• New-Mailbox

• Get-Mailbox

• Set-Mailbox

• Move-Mailbox

• Remove-Mailbox ...

Getting help

• List of all available PowerShell commands

Get-Command

• List of only Exchange commands

Get-Excommand

• Getting help about specific command

Get-Help Get-Mailbox

Get-Help Get-Mailbox – detailed

Get-Help Get-Mailbox – full

Getting info about users/mailboxes

• List of all mailboxes in organisation

Get-Mailbox

Get-Mailbox -ResultSize unlimited

Getting all available properties

Get-Mailbox | Format-List

Get-Mailbox –ResultSize 1 | Format-List

Getting just a list of properties names

Get-Mailbox | Get-Member -MemberType *Property |

Select-Object Name

Selecting & SortingGet-Mailbox | Select-Object -Property DisplayName, PrimarySMTPAddress

Get-Mailbox | Select-Object -Property DisplayName,

PrimarySMTPAddress | Sort-Object -Property DisplayName

Examples

• List all mailboxes, sort by name, and export into a CSV file

Get-Mailbox | Sort-Object -Property Name |

Export-csv c:\mailboxes.csv

• Get a list of mailboxes from Active Directory OU named Users

Get-Mailbox -OrganizationalUnit Users

Examples• Count mailboxes in organisation

(Get-mailbox).count

• Getting all properties for a specific user

Get-Mailbox | where {$_.DisplayName -eq "Dejan Foro"} |

format-list

• Who is the postmaster ?

Get-Mailbox | where {$_.EmailAddresses -contains

"[email protected]"}

Examples

• Who is the user with GUID e65a6ff3-d193-4563-9a8e-26a22315a686 ?

Get-Mailbox | where {$_.guid -eq "e65a6ff3-d193-

4563-9a8e-26a22315a686"}

• Who has UM extention 200 ?

Get-Mailbox | where {$_.extensions -contains "200"}

Getting info about servers

• Give me a list of Exchange servers

Get-Exchangeserver

Get-ExchangeServer | Select-Object -Property Name, Edition,

AdminDisplayVersion, ServerRole | format-list

Examples

• Give me a list of mailbox servers

Get-ExchangeServer | where {$_.ServerRole -ilike "*Mailbox*"}

• Do we have servers running on trial version of Exchange and if yes when do they expire ?

Get-ExchangeServer | where {$_.IsExchange2007TrialEdition -eq "True"} | Select-

Object -Property FQDN, RemainingTrialPeriod

Getting membership of a group

Get-DistributionGroupMember -identity "Swiss IT Pro User Group Moderators"

Managing the user lifecycle

• Creating users - Importing from a .csv file

• Modifing users – move to another database

• Removing mailboxes and users

Importing users from a .CSV file

• Task

• Import users from a file c:\users.csv

• For every user

• Create user account in AD of form [email protected]

• Put them in Organizational Unit VIP

• Create a mailbox in database “Standard users”

• Enter his first and last name

• Set all users with password Password123 and require the users to change the password at first logon

mailto:[email protected]


Import-CSV c:\users.csv

Procesing values from a csv file

• Processing each row of data from .CSV file

Import-CSV c:\users.csv | ForEach-Object { SOME ACTION}

• Command for creating Users

New-Mailbox

Get-Help New-Mailbox –full

Processing values from .CSV file

• Referencing column names from the .CSV file

$_.columnname

• Converting Password text into secure string

$Password = ConvertTo-SecureString -String "Password123" -

asplaintext -force


• Putted all together

$Password = ConvertTo-SecureString -String "Password123" -asplaintext -force

Import-Csv c:\users.csv | ForEach-Object {

$Name = $_.First + " " + $_.Last

$UPN = $_.First + "." + $_.Last + "@exchangemaster.net"

New-Mailbox -Name $Name -UserPrincipalName $UPN -Password $Password -

OrganizationalUnit VIP -Database 'standard users' -FirstName $_.First -LastName

$_Last -ResetPasswordOnNextLogon $True}

Making changes to users

• Apply policies

• Assing to groups

• Enable or disable features

• Changing attributes

• Moving mailboxes ....

Moving mailboxes

• Moving mailoboxes of users in OU VIP to a new database for VIPs

Get-Mailbox -OrganizationalUnit "VIP" | Move-Mailbox -

TargetDatabase "VIP users"

Moving mailboxes

• Checking for mailbox location after move

Get-Mailbox | Select-Object Name,Database

Removing mailboxes

• Check before deleting !

Get-Mailbox -OrganizationalUnit VIP | Remove-Mailbox -WhatIf

• Remove them

Get-Mailbox -OrganizationalUnit VIP | Remove-Mailbox

Recommendation

• 3rd party snap-in for better manipulation of ADobjects

• Quest Software

• ActiveRoles Management Shell for Active Directoy

Managing queues

• Removing spam messages from the queue

Remove-Message -Filter {FromAddress -like "*spammer.com*“ } -

withNDR $false

Testing

• Get a list of test commands

• Get-Command test*

Testing

Communicating with user from the script

• Prompting user

Write-Host -ForegroundColor red -BackgroundColor yellow

"Formating your drive c: ..."

Write-Host -ForegroundColor blue -BackgroundColor green "Be

cool I am just kidding"

• Getting user input

Read-Host

Script samplesUsing PowerShell in your daily Exchange admin routine

Install Exchange 2013 pre-requisites

http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb691354(v=exchg.150).aspx#WS2008R2SP1MBX

Import-Module ServerManager

Add-WindowsFeature Desktop-Experience, NET-Framework, NET-HTTP-Activation,

RPC-over-HTTP-proxy, RSAT-Clustering, RSAT-Web-Server, WAS-Process-Model,

Web-Asp-Net, Web-Basic-Auth, Web-Client-Auth, Web-Digest-Auth, Web-Dir-Browsing,

Web-Dyn-Compression, Web-Http-Errors, Web-Http-Logging, Web-Http-Redirect,

Web-Http-Tracing, Web-ISAPI-Ext, Web-ISAPI-Filter, Web-Lgcy-Mgmt-Console,

Web-Metabase, Web-Mgmt-Console, Web-Mgmt-Service, Web-Net-Ext, Web-Request-Monitor,

Web-Server, Web-Stat-Compression, Web-Static-Content, Web-Windows-Auth, Web-WMI

http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb691354(v=exchg.150).aspx



Good Morning Exchange

FAQ 000116 - Good Morning Exchange - doing a quick check on Exchange using PowerShellhttp://www.exchangemaster.net/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=247&Itemid=1&lang=en

It checks the following 3 things on all your Exchange machines:- Are Exchange services running?- Are all databases mounted and healty?- Are E-mails piling up in the queues?

http://www.exchangemaster.net/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=247&Itemid=1&lang=en




Good Morning Exchnage

Checking services...

All Exchange services OK

Checking databases..

All Databases OK

Checking Queues...

All Queues OK

All systems OK, you can have your morning coffee :)

|---|

| |)

|___|

Checking services...

All Exchange services OK

Checking databases..

All Databases OK

Checking Queues...

SERVER01

SERVER01\1448 500

SERVER01\1478 300

SERVER01\1485 50

Sorry mate, no coffee for you. There is work to do.

|---|

| |)

|___|

Good Morning Exchnage

Did the backup run last night?

• Exchange 2010 backup reporthttp://www.exchangemaster.net/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=251&Itemid=57&lang=en

• Exchange 2007 backup report









Did the backup run last night ?

Backup Status Report for All Databases in Exchange Organization MAIL

Created on 23.09.2013 15:40:57

Backup Status of Mailbox Databases

Server Name BackupInProgress LastFullBackup LastIncrementalBackup LastDifferentialBackup LastCopyBackup RetainDeletedItemsUntilBackup

-------- ---- ---------------- -------------- --------------------- ---------------------- -------------- -----------------------------

SERVER01 DB01 False 20.09.2013 17:01:35 False

SERVER01 DB02 False 20.09.2013 17:01:35 23.07.2013 18:37:31 False








Backup Status of Public Folder Databases

Server Name BackupInProgess LastFullBackup LastIncrementalBackup LastDifferentialBackup LastCopyBackup RetainDeletedItemsUntilBackup

-------- ---- --------------- -------------- --------------------- ---------------------- -------------- -----------------------------

SERVER01 Public Folder DB06 22.09.2013 17:20:03 False

SERVER03 Public Folder DB08 20.09.2013 17:01:35 False

DAG Maintenance

• Scripts that come with Exchange server

C:\Program Files\Microsoft\ExchangeServer\V14\scripts

StartDagServerMaintenance.ps1

StopDagServerMaintenance.ps1

RedistributeActiveDatabases.ps1

DAG Maintenance

Exchange01 Exchange02

DAG01

DB01

DB02

DB03

DB04

DB01

DB02

DB03

DB04

DAG MaintenanceOn the first node1) execute

.\StartDagServerMaintenance.ps1 -ServerName Exchange01

2) Do your maintenance (patching, whatever) on the first node


DAG01

DB01

DB02

DB03

DB04

DB01

DB02

DB03

DB04

DAG Maintenance

3) After maintenance is completed

.\StopDagServerMaintenance.ps1 -ServerName Exchange01


DAG01

DB01

DB02

DB03

DB04

DB01

DB02

DB03

DB04

DAG Maintenance4) On the second node

.\StartDagServerMaintenance.ps1 -ServerName Exchange02

5)Do the patching


DAG01

DB01

DB02

DB03

DB04

DB01

DB02

DB03

DB04

DAG Maintenance

6) On the second node

.\StopDagServerMaintenance.ps1 -ServerName Exchange02

DAG Maintenance

7) execute

.\RedistributeActiveDatabases.ps1 -DagName DAG01 -BalanceDbsByActivationPreference-ShowFinalDatabaseDistribution -Confirm:$false

Compare Services

• Computer1: SERVER01

• Computer2: SERVER02

• SystemName DisplayName StartMode State Status

• ---------- ----------- --------- ----- ------

• SERVER01 Application Management Manual Running OK

• SERVER02 Application Management Manual Stopped OK

• SERVER01 PsKill Manual Stopped OK

• SERVER01 WinHTTP Web Proxy Auto-Discovery Service Manual Running OK

• SERVER02 WinHTTP Web Proxy Auto-Discovery Service Manual Stopped OK

PowerShell books – Lite • Frank Koch, Microsoft Switzerland

• German version

• English version

http://blogs.technet.com/chitpro-de/archive/2007/04/17/windows-powershell-handbuch-als-download.aspx

https://blogs.technet.com/chitpro-de/archive/2007/05/10/english-version-of-windows-powershell-course-book-available-for-download.aspx

PowerShell books – medium

• PowerShell documentation Pack

• Manuals that comes with Powershell

http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?FamilyID=b4720b00-9a66-430f-bd56-ec48bfca154f&DisplayLang=en










Powershell Books – Advanced

Q&A

• Q&A session 17:30 – 18:30

• You can send your questions in advance to

• [email protected]


Contact

Dejan Foro, CEO

[email protected]

Exchangemaster GmbH

www.exchangemaster.net



http://www.exchangemaster.net/

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