o rigin of the r enaissance hh world studies. l ate m edieval r evival clergy began to study church...
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ORIGIN OF THE RENAISSANCE
HH World Studies
LATE MEDIEVAL REVIVAL
Clergy began to study church history to defend Church against power of kings
Rediscovered Classical authors like Aristotle
MEDIEVAL SCHOLARS
Scholars argued that both REASON and FAITH are necessary to understand truth.
Scholasticism: approach that tried to demonstrate the truth of Christian teachings through the use of logic and reason.
MEDIEVAL EDUCATIONUniversities hired educated clergy to teach a Liberal Arts Curriculum Latin (grammar and
rhetoric) Geometry Arithmetic Astronomy Music
THE ITALIAN RENAISSANCEIt was the revival of ancient learning, which took place in Italy during the 14th and 15th century, that allowed new secular and scientific values to replace traditional religious beliefs. The Renaissance was the transition from the medieval to the modern world.
THE COMMERCIAL REVOLUTION
The loss of population in the 1300s due to war, famine and disease actually stimulated Europe’s economic recovery.
COMMERCIAL REVOLUTION
New Farming Techniques produced more crops
Raised Standard of Living
Increased Specialization and trade
NEW BUSINESS PRACTICES
Idea of capital Banks established by Italian
merchants Joint Stock Companies,
reduce the risk of investment
REDISCOVERY OF THE PAST
Why Italy? Geographic location Wealthy through
trade Cultural ties to
ancient Rome Competition
between rival city states promoted arts and education
FIVE THEMESRenaissance
INDIVIDUALISMSECULARISM /
ANTICLERICALISMREALISM
CLASSICALISMHUMANISM
HUMANISM
Humanism involved a new view of human nature and of human beings and their relationship with the world around them.
Ex. Petrarch, Erasmus, Dante, Mirandola, etc.
FORMS OF HUMANISMHumanism: emphasized the importance of human beings and worldly subjects
Ex: Petrarch
Civic Humanism: man could better himself and his city through education and individual achievement
Ex: Machiavelli
Christian Humanism: applied humanist principles to religious topics
Ex: Erasmus, popular in Northern Europe
SECULARISM / ANTI-CLERICALISM Secular = non-religious It’s not that people weren’t religious. They tried to
harmonize Christian faith with ancient learning. Rejected intellectual monopoly by clergy
CLASSICALISM Latin was the language of learning Promote Classical Values (in life,
literature, and art) Classical texts translated into
many languages
INDIVIDUALISM Focus on the self / man How to improve the individual? Role of Individual in Society? Artistic emphasis on portraiture
and the human form
REALISM Art became less symbolic Artists tried to capture the
truth of what they saw; Realistic study of human nature
Use of perspective in art
QUOTE #1
“What a piece of work is a man, how noble in reason, how infinite in faculties, in form and moving how express and admirable, in action how like an angel, in apprehension how like a god.”
- William Shakespeare
QUOTE #2
“ My principle is that, as concerning the glory from which we may hope for here below (on earth) it is right for us to seek it while we are here below. One may expect to enjoy that other more radiant glory in Heaven, when we shall have there arrived, and when one will have no more care or wish for the glory of earth. Therefore, as I think it is in the true order that mortal men should first care for mortal things…”
- Petrarch’s Secret by Francisco Petrarch
QUOTE #3
“The world is waking out of long deep sleep. The old ignorance is still defended. Time was when learning was only found in the religious orders. The religious orders nowadays care only for money and sensuality (indulgence of the appetite) while learning has passed to secular princes and peers and courtiers. Where in school or monastery will you find some many distinguished and accomplished men as form your English Court? Shame on us all! The tables of priests and divines run with wine and echo with drunken noise and scurrilous jest, while in prince’s halls is heard only grace and modest conversation on points of morals or knowledge…”
- Life and Letters of Erasmus