m edieval & renaissance art: a comparison
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M edieval & Renaissance Art: A Comparison. Medieval and Renaissance Art. Medieval 1. No expressions on faces 2. Stiff and unrealistic poses. Renaissance 1. Faces are filled with emotion and expression 2. Human poses are lifelike and realistic. Medieval and Renaissance Art. Medieval - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Medieval & Renaissance Art:
A Comparison
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Medieval and Renaissance ArtMedieval
1. No expressions onfaces
2. Stiff and unrealistic poses
Renaissance
1. Faces are filled with emotion and expression
2. Human poses are lifelike and realistic
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Medieval and Renaissance ArtMedieval
3. European art was the property of the Church – often religious themes, individuals were not important—paintings not signed
4. Tempura paints were used – dried too quickly to correct mistakes
Renaissance
3. Artists take credit for their work and become famous; also portraits are done of people
4. Oil paints were used – lets artists work slowly, create new colors, and obtain more lifelike effects
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Medieval and Renaissance ArtMedieval
5. The Church forbids displaying the naked human body
6. There is no balance, proportion, or perspective – pictures are “flat” and two dimensional because the most important spiritual figures in the painting are larger than the less important ones.
Renaissance
5. Like the Greeks and Romans, artists study anatomy to portray humans realistically
6. Artists create proportion with the illusion of depth and distance on the flat surface—called linear perspective. They also use new shading devices called sfumato and chiarascuro; they use geometry to achieve balance.
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Medieval and Renaissance Art
Medieval
7. Halos and gold backgrounds symbolized residents of heaven and the holy atmosphere of heaven
Renaissance
7. Portrayed naturalistic landscapes of this world and saints lived in the same world as ordinary people
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1. Realism & Expression� Expulsion from the Garden
� Masaccio� 1427
� First nudes sinceclassical times.
SAINT DEMETRIUS OF SALONICA.
High Middle Ages
End of 14th century
Before
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Masaccio’s “Trinity”
The first known painting
to applyBrunelleschi’s
system of linear
perspective.
Church of Santa Maria
Novella,Florence
Before
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2. Perspective
Perspective!Perspective!Perspective!
Perspective!Perspective!
First use of linear
perspective!
Perspective!Perspective!
� The Trinity� Masaccio� 1427
What you are, I once was; what I am, you will
become.
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Progression of the Use of Perspective
1280’s 1480’s1380’s
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Perspective!
Betrothal
of the Virgin
Raphael1504
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3. Classicism and Realism
� Greco-Roman influence.
� Secularism.� Humanism.� Individualism
free standing figures.
� Symmetry/Balance
The “Classical Pose”Medici “Venus” (1c)
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Birth of Venus – Botticelli, 1485
An attempt to depict perfect beauty.
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Examples of Humanism and Realism in Renaissance Art
Botticelli's Birth of Venus Rembrandt’s The AnatomyLesson of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp
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Michelangelo’s Sistine Chapel
Da Vinci’sVitruvian Man
Examples of Humanism and Realism in Renaissance Art
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4. Emphasis on Individualism� Batista Sforza & Federico de Montefeltre:
The Duke & Dutchess of Urbino� Piero della Francesca, 1465-1466.
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� Vitruvian Man
� Leonardo daVinci
� 1492
TheL’uomo
universale
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5. Geometrical Arrangement of Figures
� The Dreyfus Madonna with the Pomegranate
� Leonardo da Vinci
� 1469� The figure as
architecture!
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Raphael’s Canagiani Madonna, 1507
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6. Light & Shadowing/Softening Edges
Chiaroscuro
Sfumato
Leonardo da Vinci
described sfumato
as "without lines or borders,
in the manner of smoke or beyond
the focus plane."
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Famous works by Italian Renaissance Artists
Michelangelo
Leonardo Raphael
Donatello
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The Renaissance “Man”� Broad knowledge about many
things in different fields.� Deep knowledge/skill in one
area.� Able to link information from
different areas/disciplines and create new knowledge.
� The Greek ideal of the “well-rounded man” was at the heart of Renaissance education.� Artist
� Sculptor� Architect� Scientist� Engineer� Inventor
1452 - 1519
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Leonardo da Vinci,
� The Virgin of the Rocks
� Leonardo daVinci
� 1483-1486
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Leonardo, the Artist:From his Notebook of over 5000 pages
(1508-1519)
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Leonardo Da Vinci
Why is Mona Lisa so famous?
Mona Lisa (La Giocande)Oil on wood panel
Fun Fact! Notice her lack of eyebrows! Women during this period would shave them off! It was considered fashionable to do so!
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The Last Supper
Gospel Book of Bernward ofHildesheim, c. 1016
German
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Leonardo da Vinci, “Last Supper”
Convent of Santa Maria delle Grazie, Milan, Italy
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“Last Supper” Perspective
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horizontal
vert
ical
Perspective!
The Last Supper - da Vinci, 1498
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The Last Supper - da Vinci, 1498
& Geometry
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Refractory
Convent of Santa
Maria delle
Grazie
Milan
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� Detail of Jesus
� The Last Supper
� Leonardo da Vinci
� 1498
Deterioration
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Leonardo Da Vinci
The Last SupperTempera and mixed media on Plaster
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Leonardo, the Sculptor
� An Equestrian Statue
� 1516-1518
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Leonardo, the Architect:Pages from his Notebook
� Study of a central church.
� 1488
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Leonardo, the Architect:Pages from his Notebook
� Plan of the city of Imola, 1502.
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Leonardo, the Scientist (Biology):Pages from his Notebook
� An example of the humanist desire to unlock the secrets of nature.
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Leonardo, the Scientist (Anatomy): Pages from his Notebook
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Leonardo, the Inventor:
Pages from his Notebook
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A study of siege defenses.
Studies of water-lifting devices.
Leonardo, the Engineer: Pages from his
Notebook
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King David
Above: Gospel Book of Philip the FairRight: Vivian Bible
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� David by Donatello� 1430� First free-form bronze
since Roman times!
The Liberation of Sculpture
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David
Verrocchio
1473 - 1475
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� David� Michelangel
oBuonarotti
� 1504� Marble
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Michelangelo’s Detail
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15c
16c
What
a
difference
a
century
makes!
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� The Pieta
� MichelangeloBuonarroti
� 1499
� marble
The Popes as Patrons of the Arts
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The Sistine Chapel
Michelangelo Buonarroti
1508 - 1512
Film Clip
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The Sistine Chapel’s Ceiling
Michelangelo Buonarroti1508 - 1512
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The Sistine Chapel Details
The Creation
of the Heavens
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The Sistine Chapel Details
Creation of Man
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The Sistine Chapel Details
The Fall from Grace
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Creation
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Michelangelo, Sistine Chapel
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Michelangelo, Sistine Chapel
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The Sistine Chapel Details
The Last Judgment
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Raphael’s “School of Athens”
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The School of Athens – Raphael, 1510 -11� One point perspective.
� All of the important Greek philosophers and thinkers are included all of the great personalities of the Seven Liberal Arts!
� A great variety of poses.� Located in the papal apartments
library.� Raphael worked on this commission
simultaneously as Michelangelo was doing the Sistine Chapel.
� No Christian themes here.
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The School of Athens – Raphael, 1510 -11
Raphael
Da Vinci
Michelangelo
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Aristotle:looks to thisearth [thehere and
now].
Plato:looks to theheavens [or
the IDEALrealm].
The School of Athens – Raphael, details
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Averroes
Hypatia
Pythagoras
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Zoroaster
Ptolemy
Euclid
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Raphael’s “School of Athens”Clockwise:Plato (Leonardo), Aristotle,Raphael,Michelangelo
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Comparing ArtworkMedieval Artwork Renaissance Artwork
Raphael: The Nymph Galatea 1512-1514