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    W hy the W TC Building Collapsed Page 1 of 6

    World Trade Center September 11, 2001 Photo by: Steve Spak

    W hy the W orld Trade Center Buildings CollapsedA Fire Chief 's Assessment

    By:Deputy Chief Vincent Dunn ret.http://vincentdunn.com/After the 767 jet liner crashed into the world trade center building creating the worst terror attack in

    history, a fire burned for 56 minutes inside the World Trade C enter building n umb er two. The top 20floors of the building collapsed on the 90 floors below. Th e entire one hundred and ten-story buildingcollapsed in 8 seconds... After a fire burned inside W TC tower number one for 102 minutes, the top 30

    http://vincentdunn.com/wtc.html 7/22/2003

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    The New York Times, February 6, 2003Copyr ight 2003 The New York Times CompanyThe New York TimesFebruary 6, 2003, Thursday, Late Edition - Final

    SECTION: Section B; Page 8; Column 4; Metropolitan DeskLENGTH: 189 wordsHEADLINE: Metro Briefing New York: Manhattan: City Must Release Rescue TapesBYLINE: By Robert F. Worth (NYT) (Compiled by Anthony Ramirez)BODY:A state judge ruled yesterday that the city must release hundreds of tape recordingsan d other documents relating to the Fire Department's rescue operations on Sept.11, 2001. Judge Richard F. Braun of State Supreme Court rejected the city'sargument that releasing the records would interfere with the trial of Zacar iasMoussaoui, a terror suspect. Ruling in a lawsuit brought by The New York Times,he said the city must release the Fire Department's internal radio transmissionsand the factual portions of its oral histories of Sept. 11. But the city can withholdintra-agency advice from the records, he wrote. He also ruled that the tapes of 911telephone calls made on that day must remain largely confidential because of thecallers' privacy interests. The judge, however, ordered the release of those portionsof the tapes involving relatives of nine families who moved to join the suit, and thoseportions consisting of the words of the 911 operators. The city is expected to appealthe decision, but a call to city lawyers was not immediately returned lastnight. Robert F. Worth (NYT)

    LOAD-DATE: February 6, 2003

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    The NYPD's War On Terror

    Frustrated by the lack of help from Washington, police commissioner RayKelly has created his own versions of the CIA and the FBI within thedepartment. So how will we know if he has succeeded? If nothing happens.By Craig HorowitzThe World's Policeman: Commissioner Ray Kelly. (Photo credit: AP Photos)Buried deep in the heart of one of New York's outer boroughs, in anarea inhabited by junkyards and auto-body shops, is an unmarkedredbrick building that stands as an extraordinary symbol of policecommissioner Ray Kelly's obsessive commitment to the fight againstterrorism. Here, miles from Manhattan, is the headquarters of theNYPD's one-year-old counterterrorism bureau.When you step through the plain metal door at the side of the building,it is like falling down the rabbit hole-you're transported from amostly desolate, semi-industrial area in the shadow of an elevatedhighway into the new, high-tech, post-9/11 world of the New York CityPolice Department.The place is so gleaming and futuristic-so unlike the average policeprecinct, with furniture and equipment circa 1950-that you half expectto see Q come charging out with his latest super-weapon for 007.Headlines race across LED news tickers. There are electronic maps andinternational-time walls with digital readouts for cities such asMoscow, London, Tel Aviv, Riyadh, Islamabad, Manila, Sydney, Baghdad,and Tokyo.In what is called the Global Intelligence Room, twelve large flat-screen TVs that hang from ceiling mounts broadcast Al-Jazeera and avariety of other foreign programming received via satellite. The PoliceDepartment's newly identified language specialists-who speak, amongother tongues, Arabic, Pashto, Urdu, and Fujianese-sit with headphoneson, monitoring the broadcasts.There are racks of high-end audio equipment for listening, taping, anddubbing; computer access to a host of superdatabases; stacks ofintelligence reports and briefing books on all the world's knownterrorist organizations; and a big bulletin board featuring a grid withthe names and phone numbers of key people in other police departmentsin this country and around the world.The security area just inside the door is encased not only inbulletproof glass but in ballistic Sheetrock as well. The building hasits own backup generator (everyone learned the importance of redundancyon September 11); and the center is staffed 24 hours a day, seven daysa week.Even the 125 cops in the bureau (hand-picked from nearly 900 applicants)look a little sharper. Some are in dark-navy polo shirts that bear thecounterterrorism-bureau logo, and others are in suits that seem to be acut above the usual discount-warehouse version of cop fashion.

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    Inside the World Trade Center after the attacksDecember 19.2001 Posted: 9:53 PM EST (0253 GMT)

    (CNN) - Theoverall death toll of theSeptember 11attacks on the World Trade Center now stands at3,001, according to the latest estimates. According to areport in USA Today, more than 1,400 of the victimswere in the North Tower and nearly 600 were in theSouth Tower. What happened in the time betweeneach plane's impact and each building's collapse thatmade the difference between life an d death? CNN'sLeon Harris spoke to Dennis Cauchon, who wrote theUSA Today article. This is an edited transcript of

    C a u c h o n their conversation.HARRIS: One of the f ir s t thin gs that jum pe d ou t a t us . . . was that the death tol l was largely on thefloors tha t had suf fe red the impac t and above. I t i s am az ing, and i t seems to be an inc re dib letes tament to the s trength of [ the bui ld ings ] and eng inee r i ng .. . that th e planes did not real ly causeas m u c h death below them as they did above.C A U C H O N : The North Tower is pa r t icu la r ly amaz ing. Everyone on the 92nd f loor died;everyone on the 91s t f loor l ived . That is how clear the dema rcation between the l ine of l ife anddeath.H A R R I S : That is abso lute ly amaz ing. Let's take a look at the South Tower . What's th e story here?C A U C H O N : The plane s truck from th e 78th to the 84th f loor. Only fou r people are known tohave worked be low th e 78th f loor w ho d i ed .HARRIS: Tha t is abso lute ly amaz ing. For those who may have been somewhat cri t ical of theeng inee r i ng of these towers , in the wake of the collapse, i t seems as though that is pretty amaz inghand iw ork , don ' t you th i nk ?CAUC HO N: Both bu i ld in gs he ld up jus t long enoug h , bas ica lly , to g ive every po ten tia l sur v ivo ra chance to get out.H A R R I S : There i s one th in g tha t d id ju m p out a t us : You say there was one pa r t icula r s ta i rwel lopen from top to bottom and har dly anyo ne used i t .C A U C H O N : In the South Tower, one of the three s ta irwells w as open from top to bottom. Onlyfou r people used i t to go down from above the 78th f loor. Other peop le went up that s ta i rway inhopes of a hel icopter rescue tha t wasn ' t poss ib le .HARR IS : That d id n ' t happen because of the f i re and the smoke up there, correct?CAUCHON: Exac t l y .

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    3100 VO L 59/ISSUE2THEMAGAZINE FOR THEDEPARTMENTBY THEDEPARTMENT 1996

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    CBSNEWS.com48 Hours At Ground ZeroNEW YORK, Sept. 28,2001

    It's 8:48 on Tuesday morning, two weeks to the minute that the first hijacked jet crashed into the World TradeCenter. At Ground Zero, where more than 6,000 people are still missing, the solemn search for any sign of lifegoes on.But even this vital work must stop to remember the thousands who are lost somewhere in these mountains ofdebris.Assistant Fire Chief Frank Fellini has been at Ground Zero since the first hours of the attack. "Almost everyoneknew someone. I've met five or six firefighter fathers looking for sons and sons looking for their fathers."48 Hours was granted unprecedented access to both Ground Zero and the command center of New York's Officeof Emergency Management. An army of 20,000city, state and federal workers as well as volunteers are on thefront lines, carefully sifting through debris.While Mayor Rudy Giuliani has been leading the public charge, his top general is an unassuming careerbureaucrat named Richard Sheirer.Sheirer, a father of five who has worked for the city for 34 years, is director of the mayor's Office of EmergencyManagement, the agency that is the nerve center of the rescue-and-recovery effort."Our job is to coordinate the many agencies," he says. "We have well over 100 agencies and usually 300 to 500people here 24 hours a day."Sheirer's job has been to make tough decisions over the past 17 days. On Sept. 11, for example, after the twoplanes hit the two towers, he asked the police to crash their helicopters into any other planes that might beattacking the towers."There are a lot of decisions you have to make and we were all making, that when we get to sit down and thinkabout them, they will haunt us," he says.The city's original command center was destroyed when World Trade Center Number 7 collapsed hours after thetwin towers fell. Within 48 hours, Sheirer and his people found and built a new command center inside a massivepier.Engineers pore over old maps and create new ones; the FBI tracks its investigators in the field; the sanitationdepartment directs its trucks at Ground Zero, and a weather station watches approaching storms. It's animpressive operation,but Sheirer is modest about it."I'm not a hero," he says. "I'm just a guy who does his work. The real heroes are down at the World Trade Centerwho work 22 hours a day."Some of those heroes are about to pull down what's left of one of the twin towers. By early evening, the top of thewall comes down. As night falls, Ground Zero becomes a dramatic landscape of destruction bathed instadiumlight.Sheirer finds the place painful. "There are a lot of friends of mine still in there, fellows whose fathers are friends ofmine and I want togive them the dignity and respect they deserve," he says. He has been touched by efforts fromall over, including one resue teamwho spent its own money and drove 58 hours with no pay to work there.Everyone is on a mission, he says: "Twenty-four hours a day you come down here and you think it's high noon,and that's the way it's gotta be."

    http://www.cbsnews.com/RtnripR/9nni

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    WIflTION UNIT Fax:718-692-2390 Sep 15 2003 12 = 58 P . 02

    WORLD TRADE CENTER BOMBINGOn February 26, 1993, an explosion occurred in the World Trade Center.The explosion caused six deaths, 1042 injuries, and nearly $600 million inproperty damage. Two ATF National Response Teams (NRT) respondedto assist the NNew York City Police Department and the FBI in theinvestigation. Also assisting in the investigation were the U.S. SecretService, the U.S. Customs Service, the U.S. Department of State, theU.S. Department of Defense, the Port Authority of New York and NewJersey, and the New York and New Jersey State Police. An IRT memberworking with a New York City Police Department Bomb Squad investigatoruncovered the key piece of evidence, Uncovered was a vehicleidentification number from a van that had been rented but reported stolenthe day prior to the explosion. Their recovery ultimately led to theidentification and indictment of seven co-conspirators, four of whom havebeen prosecuted. The evidence linked the defendants to the purchase ofchemicals and hydrogen tanks used to manufacture the bomb, to therental of the shed to warehouse the chemicals and later the bomb, and therental of the van that contained the bomb.1993 Explosives Incident Report, Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, andFireamsCLICK PHOTO TO ENLARGE (67K Photo, please be patient)

    amazon.Happy HolidayShopping

    EDITOR'S NOTEThe heroism that was displayed by both the police officers of the NYPDand the firefighters of the FDNY during the rescue of thousands of trappedemployees in the World Trade Center has been documented by journalistsand the media. This cowardly attack on the innocent people of the City ofNe w York will be written about for many years. There were thousands ofindividual acts of bravery that went unrecognized in the confusion andterror of that day. What follows is a bird's-eye view of some of the eventsof that day in the eyes of the Commanding Officer of the NYPD AviationUnrt, Captain William Wilkens, NYPD (retired):

    4OK, I know a lot of people think being the Commanding Officer (C.O.) ofthe New York City Police Departments Aviation Unit (AU) is a great job (itis), but there are pitfalls. Now that I am retired I can, for the first time,

    http://www.nycopxonvTeatures/WORL^ 12/12/00

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    Print Results Page 1 of 2

    Dow Jones ft Reuters

    Associated PressCity official who coordinated emergency operations during WTC attack steps downBy S A R A KU G L ERAssociated Press Writer392 words28 March 20020 2: 55 pmAssociated Press NewswiresEnglishCopyright 2002. Th e Associated Press. A ll Rights Reserved.N EW Y O R K (AP) - The man who directed emergency operations during th e W o r l d Trade Center attacks hasstepped down as head of the city's Office of Emergency Management.Richard Sheirer wascoordinating evacuations, rescues and triage as the twin towers collapsed Sept. 11, callingfor harbor and air protection, and shutting down the streets of lower Manhattan. In the months since, Sheirerha s directed the massive recovery and cleanup operation at the site."W e did what you do always - you adapt," said Sheirer, 55 , standing on a ramp leading into th e seven-story pi tat ground zero on Thursday. "W e took all the planning we had done for coastal storms, fo r bioterrorism, for allhazards, our experience with w at er mains, with fires, with collapses,an d we used every bit of that experience todeal with this."Former Mayor Rudolph Giuliani tapped Sheirer in February 2000, when snowstorms and water main breaks wereconsidered emergencies. Before th e terror attacks, Sheirer's most intense d a y a s director wa s a July 2000explosion and building collapse that killed three people."Richard Sheirer is one of myheroes," Giuliani said. "He's one of the people I relied on the most in getting thecity through Sept. 11."Sheirer, a former fire department dispatcher who rose through its ranks before becoming police departmentchief of staff, lost dozens of friends in the attacks.H is eyes still wel l with tears w h en friends' remains are found. A stout man with a round face and big glasses, heembraces firefighters, one after another, when he goes to ground zero.Slowly however, N ew York 's emergency services are regrouping. Th e first of 86 firetrucks ordered to replacethose lost Sept. 11 was delivered to a downtown f i rehouse on Thursday.Th e 100-foot aerial ladder truck, painted with a fluttering American flag and the image of a firefighter raising aflag at ground zero, was commissionedfo r Ladder Company 10. The company an d Engine 10 , which wereamong the first to respond to the attacks, lost four firefighters and its vehicles when the twin towers collapsed.A s fo r Sheirer, he plans to join Giuliani as a consultant on public safety issues. Mayor Michael Bloomberg has notyet named his successor.RushA P Photo NY119Document aprs000020020328dy3sOOwvh

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    Print Results Page 1 of 2

    DowJones ft Reuters

    T H E W A L L S T R E E T J O U R N A LAide to Mayor Quietly Handles New York Rescue EffortBy Jared SandbergStaff Reporter of The Wall Street Journal774 words21 September 2001The Wall Street JournalA10English(Copyright (c) 2001, DowJones & Company, Inc.)There he is again standing behind NewYork City Mayor Rudolph Giuliani. But unlike most of the politicos thatitch for the microphone at the mayor's news conferences since the World Trade Center attacks, this stout, bearof a man with glasses an d graying hair isn't looking for air time. He only seems to speak when asked an dwhispers answers in the mayor's ear.As the director of the mayor's Office of Emergency Management, Richard J. Sheirer may be better known forpreparing New Yorkers for a heat wave or fighting against the city's growing rat population. But after theterrorist attack and the immense multiagency effort to recover from it, Mr. Sheirer has emerged asMayorGiuliani's top fixer."I'm a general who is really just a corporal," says Mr. Sheirer, his Brooklyn accent muffling his Rs. "I just wannaget the job done."The mayor clearly relies heavily on his inner circle of officials and an overwhelming number of agencies,corporations and politicians who have stepped up without being asked. But privately, people close to the mayorsay much of the weight of the relief effort -- and the logistical nightmares that accompany it fall on theshoulders of Mr. Sheirer, or "Richie" as he is called.Set up in 1996, the OEM coordinates the city's response to all emergency conditions that require multipleagencies. It monitors emergency radio frequencies and keeps tabs on events here and abroad. In a time ofdisaster like last week's, the OEM's Watch Command becomes a main communications an d logistics hub.That gives Mr. Sheirer a significant amount of operational control over the rescue. Managerially, the former fire-alarm dispatcher is an unflappable master of understatement, as if years of sounding alarms made him cautiousto trip them. Described as a caring man, he seems to remember the names of every firefighter who perished.Mostly, he is known for his low profile. Nicholas Scopetta, commissioner of the Administration for Children'sServices says: "There's absolutely no ego. He's a patient man who hears everyone but is very decisive."The response to the Trade Center's collapse wasn't perfect. But to most who witnessed the catastrophe, noemergency drill would adequately prepare crews for what happened after the planes crashed into the buildings."There was nothing on the face of this earth that would prepare you for that," Mr. Sheirer says.Th e trick of organizing such a massive effort is straightforward, he says.His efforts last Tuesday amounted to aconstant struggle to set upa communications center. "If I don't have theright information," he says, "I can' t help anybody."He and other officials tried to set up command posts in the World Trade Center and moved them aftersubsequent explosions. In the chaos that followed, Mr. Sheirer set up triage posts and sealed off lowerManhattan to avoid the same traffic jams that slowed the emergency effort during the 1993 bombing.

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    Staten Island Live - News Page 1 of3

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    About Us Contact Us User Agreement Privacy Policy O ur Advertisers How to Advertise 2 0 0 1Staten Island LiveAll rights reserved

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    Stolen 3 j 3 l < m l > A J n r a n r eOEM The eyes and ears of the city'The Mayor's Office of Emergency Management, headed byDongan Hills resident Richard Sheirer, is the secret hi-techwar room where city agency officials prepare fo r anything04/01/01By RYAN LILLISADVANCE STAFF WRITERThis is the bunker, this is the war room. This is where thedefenders of the city will meet to fend off floods an d snow an dacts of biochemical terrorism.In the M ayor's Office of Emergency Management, (OEM) theyprepare for ground zero on a daily basis, all the w hile taking onthe tasks of routine disasters.From his corner office in this lower-Manhattan skyscraper,Richard J. S heirer, the guy everyone around here calls Boss, ispeering over the city on the first day of spring. Somewhere outthere, in this town of 8 million, every new second brings w ith itthe potential for mayhem.And we plan for the unthinkable," says S heirer, a Dongan H illsresident and the director of OEM since Feb. 17, 2000.When OEM broke free of the Police Department in 1996 tobecome a branch of the mayor's office, the city got a high-techcenter of weather radars and co mputer systems that helpcoordinate the dozens of public service agencies it takes to copewith disaster. At themiddle of it all is Sheirer - who himselfhas more than 30 years of combined Fire an d Police departmentexperience - andhisstaff of 68.

    INSIDENews: Dai ly Poll Obituaries Columnists Opinions/Editorials NewsFlash Weather Lottery Results SI 2000 TheTraffic Mess Forum

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    The eyes and ears of the city," is how Sheirer describes hiscrew.And then when something happens, we become the arms andlegs. We can't fight the fires, but we think of everything else."Like when an arson fire shut down PS 36 in Annadale for a

    ssf?/hase/news/98612970056591.xml&cachetime=60 4/1/01

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    Kennedy School of GovernmentCase Program

    CR15-03-1681.0

    Rudy Giuliani:The Man and HisMoment

    "All of the great leaders have had one characteristic in common: it was thewillingness to confront unequivocally the major anxiety of their people in theirtime. This, and not much else, is the essence of leadership."

    John Kenneth Galbraith, The Age of Uncertainty"Many of [Mayor Giuliani's] strengths were exemplified, expanded upon, during[the September llth] crisis: the leadership skills, the extraordinary capability todeal with crisis, the ability to project calmness in the face of catastrophe, theability to lead an d coordinate. [Pause.] Some of the character traits that causedthat dislike by many in the city, that's still there. But,nobody's perfect. Nobody'sperfect."

    Willliam Bratton, Former New York City Police Commission

    The Man, The Mayor"Priest in a Pinstriped Suit."1 The grandson of Italian Catholic immigrants, Rudy Giuliani

    nearly entered the priesthood at age seventeen. Dissuaded by his parents, who cherished hopes forgrandchildren, he enrolled instead at Manhattan College in the Bronx. Under his father's tutelage,the young Giuliani had developed a stark sense of right and wrong. Harold Giuliani was adedicated father and, having been convicted as a young man of armed robbery, was determined

    Andrew Kirtzman, Rudy Giuliani: Emperor of the City, New York: HarperCollins Publishers Inc.,2000, p. 5.This case was written by Hannah Riley, Assistant Professor, John F, Kennedy School of Government, HarvardUniversity, and Taiya Smith, Research Assistant, Center for Public Leadership, John F. Kennedy School ofGovernment, Harvard University with the support of the Center for Public Leadership. (0303)Copyright 2003by the President and Fellows ofHarvard College. To order copies or request permissionto reproduce materials, call 1-888-640-4945, fax 215-682-5092, email [email protected], or write the CaseProgram Sales Office, DocNet, Inc.411 Eagleview Boulevard, Suite 116, Exton, PA 19341. No part of thispublication may be reproduced, revised, translated, stored in a retrieval system, used in a spreadsheet, ortransmitted in any form or by any meanselectronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwisewithout the written permission of the Case Program Sales Office at the John F. Kennedy School ofGovernment