Nuclear Structure Theory in Poland

Wojciech Satuła

78th Meeting, Kraków, 11-12 October 2013

*) for a period of 2008-13

Polish nuclear structure theory (NST) in numbers*)

Brief overview of scientific activities Physics highlights - personal selection

Final remarks

The idea is to provide you witha handful of informations

allowing to judge in what statePolish NST is:

Nuclear structure &

reactions

Hot and dense quark-gluon matter

Hadron structure

Hadron-Nuclear interface

Res

olut

ion

DFT

collectiveand

algebraic models

CI

ab initio

LQCD

quarkmodels

Third Law of Progress in Theoretical Physics by

Weinberg: “You may use any degrees of freedom you like to describe a

physical system, but if you use the wrong ones, you’ll be

sorry!”

Effe

ctiv

e (fi

eld)

theo

ries

National Center for Nuclear Research (7) University of Warsaw (5); Warsaw University of Technology (2) Heavy Ion Laboratory (2)

Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin (16)

Jagiellonian University (5); Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics (3)

University of Zielona Góra (1)

Silesian University of Technology, Katowice (1)

Staff (2013) ~40(4) Senior/Junior ~30/10

(PhD students included)

Lublin (16)

Warsaw (16)

Kraków (8)

Publications (2008-13)~ 450(20) (Nature, Science,

16PRL,PRC,PLB,…)

NN & NNN forces high-precision calculation in

3N systems & light nucleiJU-Bochum collaboration

(Witała et al.)

The nuclear landscape as seen by (Polish) nuclear structure theorists:

Study of effective nucleus-nucleus interactionOptical model + Dynamic Polarisation Potential

HIL Warsaw (Rusek et al.)

Open quantum systemsSMEC & Gamov SM calculations

Ganil - IFJ PAN – WU/OR collaboration(Płoszajczak/Okołowicz/Nazarewicz et al.)

Isospin physics & the SM testsisospin and angular momentum

projected DFT (MR DFT) & beyond (Satuła/Dobaczewski et al.)

Exotic symmetries: chirality, tetrahedrality Lublin-Warsaw-Strasbourg collaboration

(Góźdź/Rohoziński/Próchniak/Dudek et al.)

EoS & compact stars physics Barcelona-Milano-Lublin &

Bloomington-WU/OR-Erlangen collaborations(Warda et al. & Nazarewicz/Rafalski et al.)

Super Heavy Elements Lublin-WU/OR collaboration; NCNR(Baran/Staszczak/Nazarewicz et al.)(Sobiczewski/Skalski/Kowal et al.)

Time-dependent SLDAFermionic superfluids: nuclei and atomic gases

WUT – Seattle collaboration(Magierski/Wlazłowski et al.)

Investigation of 3NFs through three nucleon scatteringOf particular interest are Nd elastic scattering and deuteron breakup reactions. These reactions allow to measure the so called analyzing powers (polarization observables) with high accuracy at different kinematic conditions. It allows to investigate in a systematic manner the momentum, spin and isospin dependence of 3Ns.

dp elastic scattering – world data survey

Strategy: Solve Fadeeev equations

with NN (blue bands) and NN+3NF

use different NN and and 3NFs variants to assestheoretical uncertainities

Look for systematic discrepancies

Theory: Witala & Golak JU

correct for relativisticeffectslook for new 3NFs

proton

s

neutrons

82

50

28

28

50

82

2082

28

20

126

Weak interactionstudies in N=Z nucleisuperallowed b-decay

Temporal dependenceof the fine structure

constant studies in 229Th

EDM search

in radium

Specific nuclei offer new opportunities for precision

tests of: CP and P violation

Unitarity of the CKM matrix Possible temporal dependence

of the fine structure constant in 229Th

Testing the fundamental symmetries of nature

bb0n searches

neutron EDM

Superallowed 0+>0+ Fermi beta decays(testing the Standard Model)

10 cases measured with accuracy ft ~0.1% 3 cases measured with accuracy ft ~0.3%

~2.4% 1.5% 0.3% - 1.5%

test of the CVC hypothesis (Conserved Vector Current)

Towner & HardyPhys. Rev. C77, 025501 (2008)

weak eigenstates

mass eigenstates

CKMCabibbo-Kobayashi

-Maskawa

test of unitarity of the CKM matrix

0.9490(4) 0.0507(4) <0.0001

|Vud|2+|Vus|2+|Vub|2=0.9997(6)

|Vud| = 0.97418 + 0.00026-

adop

ted

from

J.Ha

rdy’

s, EN

AM’0

8 pr

esen

tatio

n

superallowed 0+0+

b-decay

|Vud

| (a)

p-decaymirror T=1/2

nuclei

n-decay

0.970

0.971

0.972

0.973

0.974

0.975

0.976

(b)

(c) (d)

0.9925

0.9950

0.9975

1.0000

1.0025 |Vud | 2+|V

us | 2+|Vub | 2superallowed 0+0+

b-decayp-decay

n-decay

mirror T=1/2nuclei

(a)

(b)

(c)(d)

-0.5

0

0.5

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 A

d C - d C

[%

](S

V)

(HT

)

|Vud| & unitarity - world survey

H. Liang, N. V. Giai, and J. Meng, Phys. Rev. C 79,064316 (2009).

W. Satuła, J. Dobaczewski, W. Nazarewicz, M. Rafalski

Phys. Rev. C 86, 054314(2012).

I.S. Towner and J. C. Hardy, Phys. Rev. C 77,

025501(2008).(a)(b)

(c,d)

O. Naviliat-Cuncic and N. Severijns, Eur. Phys. J. A 42, 327 (2009); Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 142302 (2009).

The violation of CP-symmetry is responsible for the fact that the Universe is dominated by matter over anti-matter

Large intrinsic Schiff momentin octupole deformed 225Ra

two order of magnitude enhancement as compared to 199Hg

Dobaczewski & Engel, Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 232502 (2005)

Closely spaced parity doublet gives rise to enhanced electric dipole

moment

averaged over the intrinsic state

225Ra (Starting at ANL and KVI)

199Hg (Seattle, 1980’s – present)

Temporal variation of the fine structure constant a

Atomic limit (from atomic transitions) for the time-variations of a:Da/a < 10-16 / year

Nuclear clock:

229Th + -7.6 0.5keV5/2+

3/2+

DVC is model dependent: s.p. HF models give 100keV-350keV pairing „kills” the effect (~1keV)

see: Litvinova .. Dobaczewski .. et al. PRC79, 064303 (2009)

Da/a < 10-22 / year

From neutron-rich nuclei to neutron starsTolman-Oppenheimer-Volkovequations set M(R) relation:

EoS serves as

input to TOV

Symmetry energy slopeis critical

Barcelona-Milano-Lublincollaboration (Warda)

PREX Direct measurement of

neutron radius in 208Pb by means of

parity-violating electron scattering (33+16fm)-18

RCNPOsaka measurement of the electric dipole polarizability

in 208Pb

Erler (Nazarewicz, Rafalski UW/OR) et al. PRC87, 044320 (2013)

Heavy and super-heavy elements (SHE)(structure, barriers, shapes & spontaneous fission modes)The group at NCNR (micro-macro):

Sobiczewski, Skalski, Kowal, Patyk et al. Highlight: prediction of SD oblate

(SDO) minima in neutron-deficient Z>118 systems:

Lublin-WU/OR collaboration:Baran, Staszczak, Warda, Dobaczewski, Nazarewicz et al.

Viola-Seaborg estimates

Jachimowicz, Kowal, Skalski, PRC83, 054302 (2011)

Highlight: Spontaneous fission half lives of fermium isotopes:

The results come from HFB Skyrme SkM* calculations along q2 = <|Q20|> coordinate.

Left-right assymmetry and nonaxiality are included.

Mass parameters were obtained from cranking approximation to the adiabatic TDHFB.Staszczak, Baran, Nazarewicz,

PRC87, 024320 (2013)

The agreement in actinides is a conditio sine qua non for extrapolations to yet unknown SHE

sEF: reflection-symmetric fission pathways with elongated fragments

Example: competition between different SF modes in 306122

aEF: reflection-asymmetric fission valley that corresponds to asymmetric elongated fragments

Summary of SkM* results for the height of the inner fission barrier (EA), α-decay half-

lives (log10Tα), and SF half-lives(log10 TSF) of the dominant SF channel:

symmetric (S), asymmetric (A), or binary (B).

Staszczak, Baran, Nazarewicz, PRC87, 024320 (2013)

Densisty functional contains normal densities, anomalous density (pairing) and currents:

Density Functional Theory for superfluid systems and time dependent phenomena in

nuclei and quantum gases far from equilibrium.

Local density functionalfor unitary Fermi gas

Skyrme energy functional: SLy4, SkP…

Time-dependent Bogoliubov-de Gennes equations

Presented calculations for unitary Fermi gas required over 200,000 cores of Titan (Oak Ridge Nat. Lab.)

1peta=1015 flops

Numerical solutions are possible due to efficient software, incorporating highly sophisticated

computer science solutions and the fastest computers

FINAL REMARKS

ACKNOWLEDGMENTSAndrzej Baran, Jacek Dobaczewski, Witek Nazarewicz, Piotr Magierski,

Krzysztof Pomorski, Krzysztof Rusek, Janusz Skalski, Bartek Szpak, and Michał Warda are thanked for help in

preparing the talkAdam Maj is cordially thanked

… for setting me up

Polish nuclear structure theory:

strongly contributes to foreign research centers (Nazarewicz, Dudek, Danielewicz, Płoszajczak, Dobaczewski)

staff is aging – juniors (including PhD) constitute ~25% of the total staff

is internationally competitive

is focused on exciting, interdisciplinary, and relevant subjects

strongly contributes to PACs, white- and bluebooks, road maps etc

contributes to organization of meetings (Kazimerz)