FISSION POWER PLANT

Presented By : Submitted To:

Aniket Choudhury prof.Pravin Zinzala

140320702501(C.E)

OUTLINE:

Introduction History Components Architecture and working Working of the nuclear reactor Comparison Advantage and disadvantage Conclusion Research paper reference

INTRODUCTION

A fission power plant or commonly

known as the nuclear power

plant is a thermal power station in

which the heat source is a nuclear

reactor.

In this power plant the heat is used to generate steam which drives a steam turbine connected to an electric generator which produces electricity.

The main components used in the power plant are as follows: Nuclear fuel Steam turbine Generator Cooling system Safety valve Feed water pump

HISTORY Electricity was generated by a nuclear reactor for the

first time ever on September 3, 1948 at the X-10 Graphite Reactor in Oak Ridge, United States, and was the first nuclear power plant to power a light bulb.

The second, larger experiment occurred on December 20, 1951 at the EBR-I experimental station near Arco, in the United States

On June 27, 1954, the world's first nuclear power plant to generate electricity for a power grid started operations at the Soviet city.

The world's first full scale power station, Calder Hall in England was opened on October 17, 1956.

NUCLEAR FUEL

Nuclear fuel is any material that can be consumed to derive nuclear energy. The most common type of nuclear fuel is fissile elements that can be made to undergo nuclear fission chain.

CONT..

The most common nuclear fuels are 235U and 239Pu. Not all nuclear fuels are used in fission chain reactions.

WHAT IS FISSION REACTION? A slow moving neutron is bombarded into the uranium

235 and plutonium 239.

These radio active elements absorb the neutron and split into two or more lighter nuclei and generate kinetic energy and free neutrons.

These neutrons further move to trigger more fission reaction giving rise to a chain reaction.

THIS IS HOW A CHAIN REACTION LOOKS LIKE:

COMPONENTS

NUCLEAR REACTOR

A nuclear reactor is a device in which nuclear chain

reactions are initiated and controlled at a steady rate.

This is the place where the nuclear fuel is placed and neutrons are bombarded into it to start the nuclear reaction.

CONT….

CONTROL RODS

Control rods made of a material that absorbs neutrons,

these rods are inserted into the reactor using a

mechanism that can rise or lower the control rods.

The control rods essentially contain neutron absorbers

like, boron.

CONTI…

STEAM GENERATORS

Steam generators are heat exchangers used to convert

water into steam from heat produced in a nuclear reactor

core

CONTI…

STEAM TURBINE

A steam turbine is a mechanical device that extracts

thermal energy from pressurized steam, and converts it

into useful mechanical energy.

CONTI…

CONDENSER

Condenser is a device or unit which is used to condense

vapor into liquid.

In this case the condenser is used to the hot steam in to

liquid which is then again circulated in the system.

ARCHITECTURE AND WORKING

COMPARATIVE STUDY WITH SIMILAR TECHNOLOGIES

The nuclear power plant and the fossil thermal power plant both use steam to convert the heat or thermal energy to mechanical rotation to rotate the generator to produce electricity.

Only the heat source is different. In a nuclear plant, the heat source is from the nuclear reaction whereas in a thermal power plant it is from the combustion of coal.

       ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS

The generation of electricity through nuclear energy reduces the amount of energy generated from fossil fuels (coal and oil).

 Less use of fossil fuels means lowering greenhouse gas emissions (CO2 and others).

Another advantage is the required amount of fuel: less fuel offers more energy.

CONTI…

One of the main disadvantages is the difficulty in the management of nuclear waste. It takes many years to eliminate its radioactivity and risks.

High risks: It is technically impossible to build a plant with 100% security.

The energy source for nuclear energy is Uranium. Uranium is a scarce resource, its supply is estimated to last only for the next 30 to 60 years depending on the actual demand.

CONTI…

Current nuclear reactors work by fission nuclear reactions. In which chain reaction is produced, in case control systems fail, it will become impossible to control the chain reaction and this can lead to a disaster.

    CONCLUSION

Even thought power production through fission power plant is considered better than the conventional thermal power plant but its has its own disadvantages which if unseen can lead to disasters.

RESEARCH PAPERS

[1] Gehlot Dilip et al, “Experimental Study of Shielding Material as a Lead in a Nuclear Reactor,” e-ISSN: 2278-1684,p-ISSN: 2320-334X, Volume 11, Issue 4 Ver. I (Jul- Aug. 2014), PP 30-35.

[2] Yemane Wolde-Rufael, Kojo Menyah, “Nuclear energy consumption and economic growth in nine developed countries”,London Metropolitan University, 84 Moorgate, London, Rep. TR-0200 (4230-46)-3, April. 2009.

    REFERENCES

[1]Nuclear reactor[Online]. Available: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_reactor

[2]Nuclear power plant[Online]. Available: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_power_plant

[3]Nuclear energy[Online]. Available: http://nuclear-energy.net

THANK YOU