nphs handbook - newbury park high school

NEWBURY PARK HIGH SCHOOL

An International Baccalaureate School 2006 National Blue Ribbon School A California Distinguished School

A California Partnership Academy School

CONTENTS

Mission Statement 3 ESLRs 4

Bell Schedule/ Dress Code 5

Important Phone Numbers 6

Map 7

Attendance 8

Counseling & Guidance 9

Discipline Policies 10-13

Technology 14-15

General Information 16-18

Writing Papers 19-25

Mission Statement

Newbury Park High School

Mission Statement

Nobility We expect Panthers to challenge themselves and each other to show the world their best character traits. On the field, in the classroom, in the world, we expect students to value diverse opinions, values, and cultures and demonstrate their respect for themselves and others.

Potential We expect Panthers to realize the difference between success and failure is one more attempt. We expect students to understand that every difficulty presents an opportunity, that resources are available when needed, and that they are capable of rising to any challenge.

Humanity We expect Panthers to contribute and interact responsibly within the community and in the world. We expect students to be kind to and respectful of others from all walks of life, to cooperate with adults and peers, and to recognize that two people holding differing opinions can both be right.

Scholarship We expect Panthers to learn the skills they need to be successful in life: how to think deductively and reflectively, how to communicate, how to gather and analyze reliable information, and how to rely on their excellent academic skills, common sense, and creativity to solve problems. .

We are Panthers!

EXPECTED SCHOOLWIDE LEARNING RESULTS

The Newbury Park High School staff is committed to encouraging and assisting students in achieving our Expected School Wide Learning Results which state: GRADUATES OF NEWBURY PARK HIGH SCHOOL WILL: BE CRITICAL THINKERS • Who think inductively to interpret facts and data to reach conclusions independently. • Who identify, access, analyze, synthesize, evaluate, and utilize a variety of resources and information. BE EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATORS • Who use text, speech, and multimedia communication skills to convey,

receive, and interpret visual messages. • Who work collaboratively in physical and virtual spaces by sharing

responsibility and decision making in the establishment and accomplishment of goals.

• Who acknowledge the diversity of opinions, values, and cultures. POSSESS A CORE KNOWLEDGE • Of basic facts, skills, and understanding of academics, arts, cultures, and a

wide variety of subjects. BE PROBLEM SOLVERS • Who use a variety of learning strategies and thinking skills in complex situations. • Who demonstrate creativity in making decisions and finding solutions in real

time. BE ACTIVE COMMUNITY MEMBERS • Who are willing to contribute to and interact responsibly within their

community and the world. • Who demonstrate respect for themselves and others. • Who follow the laws of the nation and use common sense. All students will be required to complete “Core ESLR Assignments” in many of their classes each year of high school. Scores on these assignments will indicate progress toward achieving the Expected School-wide Learning Results.

Dress Code

Bell Schedules

REGULAR SCHEDULE

Period 1 7:10 to 8:05 Passing 8:05 to 8:15 Period 2 8:15 to 9:50 Break 9:50 to 9:55 Passing 9:55 to 10:05 Period 3 10:05 to 11:45 Lunch 11:45 to 12:20 Passing 12:20 to 12:30 Period 4 12:30 to 2:05 Passing 2:05 to 2:15 Period 5 2:15 to 3:05

SPLIT RALLY SCHEDULE


LATE START SCHEDULE

Collaborative Time

7:45 to 8:55


Important Phone Numbers NPHS (7 a.m. to 4 p.m.) 805 498-3676 Attendance Telephone (24 Hours) 805 499-3645 En Espanol 805 498-3676-ext 4000 Call the following staff members to discuss….. A student problem, please call: The student’s teacher. The student’s counselor: Counseling breakdown by student’s last names A-C D-He Hi-Mc Me-Sa & EL Sc-Z Cyndi Smilor Counseling Secretary Marla Baker Counseling Clerk School Psychologist A discipline matter, please call... Dean of Attendance A-F Dean of Activities G-N AP Athletics O-Z AP Instruction Special Needs An attendance matter, please call… Kay Kessler Attendance Clerk

x1013 An Instruction matter…

Lynne Hill Instruction Secretary x1006

A textbook problem, please call... Judy Knauer Textbook Clerk

x1031 Activities, please call… Kathy Barker Activities Secretary

x1014

An athletics matter, please call…. Jason Klein Athletic Coordinator

x 1009 Karen Randall Athletic Secretary

x 1010 Student Records, please call... Harriet Osinski Registrar

x1037 To make an appointment with Mrs. Wong, please call... Linda Abilez Office Manager

x1007 For the Student Store… Susan Boxberger Bookkeeper

x 1253 Gayane Martirosyan

x 1415 For the College and Career Center… Carmencita Ricafort x1101 Nick Colangelo x1168

If you are not sure who to talk to, please call: Lisa Solis Receptionist Perla Jimenez, Receptionist 805 498-3676

Attendance All Day Absence Parents call the office@ 499-3645. The office does

not accept written notes. La Linea en espanol 498-3676 x 4000. Must clear absence by phone with 3 days/72 hr Families going out of town should fill out a Planned Absence Form.

Partial Absence Call in advance if possible and Get a late pass from the office.

Leaving Early Parents should phone 2 hours ahead. Students should pick up the Early Dismissal Pass Parents/Guardians MUST have a photo ID.

Off Campus Passes If not returning that day, parents must call. Student accepts FULL responsibility for late returns, including accidents and traffic. Late return will result in surrender of the pass for 5 days. The 2nd offense will result in the loss of the OCP for 30 days. The third offense will result of revocation for the semester. Excessive tardies will result in progressive discipline actions which can result in the loss of Off-Campus passes permanently. A full day truancy will result in the loss of an off campus pass.

Preplanned Absence

The only recognized “Excused” absences are medical reasons, bereavement, and court. Students must pick up a Planned Absence Form if the family is traveling (for example: a day to visit a college) Parents must call the Counseling Office if the absence is to last more than 10 days.

Excused Absences Students may make up work or assessments within a reasonable amount of time, usually a period equal to the number of days missed.

Tardy Policy 6 tardies may result in a drop/fail, as well as disciplinary measures.

Truancy Definition: Absent without permission and valid excuse. 4 truancies may result in a drop/fail.

Counseling and Guidance Graduation Requirements Graduation requirements are set by the Board of Education. All students must complete specific subject requirements totaling 230 credits. For a more detailed listing, students and parents/guardians should refer to the District Course Directory and consult with their counselor. Recent directives from the State of California have made successful completion of Algebra 1 a graduation requirement. Students must pass both sections of the CAHSEE (California High School Exit Exam) (English Language Arts and Math). Add/Drop Class Policy In accordance with the Conejo Valley Unified School District policy:

• After Permanent Program day (one week after the beginning of the subterm), a student who drops a class will be placed in Study Hall and receive no credit.

• A student may drop a class without receiving a grade of “F” up to one week after the mid-term report cards are distributed.

Schedules Selection of courses should be carefully considered and choices should be made that are in the best educational interest of the student. The master schedule is then developed for the year based on these selections. Therefore, to minimize disruption during the academic year, schedule changes will be made only for the following reasons:

1. To correct an error; 2. To add a course; 3. To make a level change; 4. To drop a class for study hall; 5. To repeat a class if space permits.

Discipline Policies

RULES AND REGULATIONS The following rules and regulations have been established to help students maintain high standards of learning and to sustain the most positive environment for learning. Students are expected to:

1. Obey all local, state, and federal laws.

2. Respect the professional authority of all staff members and other students' rights to learn and be safe. Students must provide proper ID anytime it is requested by a faculty or staff member.

3. Come to school dressed appropriately for an academic atmosphere. (Clothing should not present a distraction that interferes with the educational process).

4. Comply with classroom and District policies and rules.

5. Attend every class, every day, on time, with necessary school supplies.

6. Refrain from any form of cheating, including plagiarizing.

7. Remain on campus during all school hours. Obtain appropriate passes to leave campus.

8. Keep school grounds free of trash

9. Use electronic devices in accordance with district acceptable use policy and teacher directions.

10. Park vehicles in the student parking lot. Keep skating equipment locked up during school hours. Skateboards are not to be carried or used on campus. CLARIFICATIONS: Unauthorized use of electronic equipment during class time: class hours are prohibited. This includes calling, text messaging, and the use of blue tooth technology. It includes harassment, cyberbullying and inappropriate communications, and other misuse such as taking inappropriate photos. Any student seen using a cell phone during class time may have it confiscated by an administrator, teacher, or campus supervisor. Administrators reserve the right to review information on electronic devices for the purpose of determining the extent and nature of communications made during school time.

Per Education Code 48900, a student may be suspended from school (and/or recommended for expulsion) if the principal of the school has determined that the student has: GROUND FOR EXPULSION or SUSPENSION a. caused, attempted to cause, or

threatened to cause physical injury to another person;

b. possessed, sold, or otherwise furnished any firearm or dangerous weapon;

c. unlawfully possessed, used, or otherwise furnished or been under the influence of a controlled substance;

d. unlawfully offered, arranged, and negotiated the sale of any controlled substance;

e. committed or attempted to commit robbery or extortion;

f. caused or attempted to cause damage to school property or private property;

g. stole or attempted to steal school property or private property;

h. possessed or used tobacco; i. committed an obscene act or

engaged in habitual profanity or vulgarity;

j. unlawfully possessed or unlawfully offered, arranged, or negotiated to sell any drug paraphernalia;

k. willfully defied the valid authority

of supervisors, teachers, or administrators, school officials, or other school personnel engaged in the performance of their duties;

l. knowingly received stolen school property or private property;

m. possessed an imitation firearm. n. committed or attempted to commit

a sexual assault;

o. harassed, threatened, or intimidated a pupil who is a complaining witness or witness in a school disciplinary hearing or the purpose of preventing that pupil from being a witness or retaliating against that pupil for being a witness, or both;

p. possessed or used any electronic signaling device, including, but not limited to, paging and signaling equipment without the prior consent of the principal;

q. committed sexual harassment; r. caused, attempted to cause,

threatened to cause, or participated in an act of hate violence;

s. intentionally engaged in harassment, threats, or intimidation, directed against a pupil or groups of pupils;

t. Made terrorist threats against school officials or school property;

u. Possessed or used any electronic signaling device.

Disciplinary Measures: Other measures include: loss of senior activities, revocation of work permit, school service, placement on contract, suspension, referral to continuation school, etc. ACADEMIC HONESTY All students have the right to keep confidential the materials, homework, tests, and expressions that they created through their efforts. Academic dishonesty is a deliberate attempt to disrupt the learning process by misrepresenting another’s work as one’s own. “Collaborative

Work” still requires a final product in the student’s own words. Examples of academic dishonesty:

• Unauthorized communication; (talking/electronics devices visible during exams, etc.)

• Copying exam materials or homework;

• allowing another student to copy; which includes emailing materials to copy to another students

• Using prohibited notes or devices;

• Removing or distributing all or part of a test;

• Plagiarism • Submitting another’s paper or

project which is not one’s own work

Consequences: Each infraction will be included in the student’s discipline record. First offense: zero for assignment or test, conference with parent and teacher, and a two year Academic Dishonesty Contract signed by student, parent and Administrator. Second offense: student will be

drop/failed from the class in which the second offense took place and enrolled in study hall.

DETENTION After-school detention is scheduled from 2:15 to 3:05 Mondays through Thursdays, in different rooms. No credit will be given to a student who does not remain quiet and use the time to read or study. Attendees must show a valid student ID card. If a student fails to serve a detention before the final day listed, he/she will

be assigned a Saturday Work Study. SATURDAY SCHOOL Saturday Work/Study Program is held on specifically assigned Saturdays throughout the school year (not every Saturday). It begins at 8:00 A.M. and ends at 12:00 noon. Students must arrive on time to be accepted into the room and receive credit for attending. The assigned rooms and supervising staff members vary throughout the school year. The Saturday School assignment sheet will indicate the proper location. Students must bring study materials and also be prepared to do physical work on campus. Students may bring a snack for break. No one will be allowed to leave campus at any time during Saturday School. Students who participate in the free/reduced lunch program and are serving their Saturday School as a result of a full day truancy, will be provided a free lunch HARASSMENT Students have the right to an academic environment that is free from sexual/racial harassment or discrimination. Harassment is unwanted and unwelcome behavior from other students or staff members that is perceived to create a hostile environment.

The following are examples of harassment: Unwanted touching Racial-specific

comments Request for sexual favors

Derogatory gender remarks

Indecent exposure Suggestive looks Sexual innuendos Obscene comments Physical threats Threatening comments

If students feel they are being harassed, they should see a teacher, their counselor or an administrator. Any report made will be kept confidential.

Comments showing intolerance for any student based on race, gender, sexual orientation, religion or creed. Harassment is a serious offense. Consequences for students who harass others range from detention to suspension or expulsion from school.

Treat others as you wish to be

treated!

The California Constitution requires that we provide a public education to you free of charge. This includes school/educational activities, whether curricular or extracurricular, and regardless of whether a grade is issued to you. Subject to certain exceptions, this means we cannot require you or your family to purchase specific materials, supplies, equipment or uniforms for school; nor can we require deposits for access, participation, materials or equipment. Students involved in extracurricular programs, clubs, a/or sports may be required to attend fundraising events just as you may be required to attend any other event put on by those programs. Students cannot be required to raise funds as a condition of participation. Voluntary donations may be solicited.

STUDENT RESPONSIBLE USE OF TECHNOLOGY: 1. I AM RESPONSIBLE FOR MY COMPUTER ACCOUNT AND EMAIL ACCOUNT. I understand that passwords are private and that I should not share my password with anyone. Forgotten passwords can be obtained from the school office. I understand that I am responsible for all activities done through my account. I will not allow others to use my account name and password, or try to use that of others. I understand that I will be in violation of the law if I attempt to electronically capture another person’s password. I understand that it is important to log off the computer at the end of every session so another user cannot use my password. 2. I AM RESPONSIBLE FOR MY LANGUAGE. I will use appropriate language in my email messages, online postings, and other digital communications with others. I will not use profanity, vulgarities, or any other inappropriate language as determined by school administrators. 3. I AM RESPONSIBLE FOR HOW I TREAT OTHER PEOPLE. I will use email and other means of communications (e.g. blogs, wikis, chat, instant-messaging, discussion boards, etc.) responsibly. I will not send or post hateful or harassing mail,

make discriminatory or derogatory remarks about others, or engage in bullying, harassment, or other antisocial behaviors while in school or out of school. 4. I AM RESPONSIBLE FOR MY USE OF THE CVUSD NETWORK. I will use CVUSD computer resources responsibly. I will not search, retrieve, save, circulate, or display hate-based, offensive, or sexually explicit material. I will not search, retrieve, save, or circulate images or information about weapons using any CVUSD computer resources unless authorized by school administrator/teacher as part of a school assignment. I understand the use of the CVUSD network for illegal or commercial activities is prohibited. 5. I AM RESPONSIBLE FOR MY CONDUCT ON ALL ONLINE SITES. I understand that what I do on social networking websites should not negatively impact the school learning environment and/or my fellow students, teachers and administrators. 6. I AM RESPONSIBLE TO BE HONEST WHILE I AM ONLINE. I understand that impersonating, spoofing, or pretending to be someone else is forbidden. This includes, but is not limited to, sending out email, creating accounts, or posting messages or other online content (e.g. text, images, audio, or video) in someone else's name. Also, I am responsible for

academic honesty when working on online assignments. This means I must observe clear standards for responsible behavior which includes not plagiarizing others’ works, not cheating in any fashion – not collaborating when not permitted, and following the teacher’s concise guidelines for the assignment(s). 7. I AM RESPONSIBLE FOR PROTECTING THE SECURITY OF THE CVUSD’s NETWORK. I will not attempt to bypass security settings or Internet filters, or interfere with the operation of the network by installing illegal software including file sharing, shareware, or freeware on school computers. 8. I AM RESPONSIBLE FOR PROTECTING SCHOOL PROPERTY. I understand that vandalism is prohibited. This includes but is not limited to accessing, modifying, or destroying equipment, programs, files, or settings on any computer or technology resources. I understand that I need authorization from a school administrator/teacher to use personal electronic devices that I bring to school, including, but not limited to, memory storage devices (i.e. USB drives), laptops, tablets, and smart phones. 9. I AM RESPONSIBLE FOR RESPECTING OTHER PEOPLE’S PROPERTY, INCLUDING ONLINE. I will obey copyright laws. I will not plagiarize or use other’s work

without proper citation and permission. I will not illegally download materials protected by copyright including, but not limited to, music and movies. The CVUSD is not responsible for the safety and protection of the students' personal property they bring from home, including for participation in classroom activities. 10. I AM RESPONSIBLE FOR FOLLOWING SCHOOL RULES WHENEVER I PUBLISH ANYTHING ONLINE. I will follow all guidelines set forth by the CVUSD and/or my teachers when publishing schoolwork online (e.g. to a website, blog, wiki, discussion board, podcasting or video server). I understand that it is both unsafe and not recommended to post any personal information about myself, including but not limited to: my name, address, phone number, or school. I will not post photos of students with their first and last names on any online site, including but not limited to: blogs, wikis, and discussions forums.

GENERAL INFORMATION Accidents On Campus: Any student injured at school should report promptly to a teacher, the Health Clerk, an administrator, or a counselor.

Student Property: Personal property brought to campus is at the Student’s risk. School is not responsible for lost/stolen items. Items such as lockers, backpacks, cell phones, and cars parked on campus may be subject to search by canine and/or administration. Homework: The District guidelines for high school are: • Homework to be assigned on a regular basis • Approximately 90-120 total daily minutes

Homework Help: In addition to regular Library hours, the Library is also open for homework help on Mondays through Thursdays from 3:00 p.m.-5:00 p.m. The Library closes at 2:30 p.m. on Friday and there is no Homework Help on that day. Library: The Library opens at 7 a.m. and remains open all day, through break and lunch. Closing time varies depending on the Homework Help schedule. The student I.D. card is required to check out all materials, including books and computers. Students are responsible for damage or loss to computers or books (including text books), as well as late fees

incurred.

Lockers: Ninth grade students will be assigned lockers at the beginning of the school year. Stu-dents in grades 10 through 12 will use the same locker they were assigned the previous year. The locker number and combination will be printed on the “Official Schedule” distributed the first day of school. The school is not responsible for any items in the lockers. Please do not share locker combinations with anyone. Do not overfill lockers as it will cause the locker to fail to open. Students should report any locker problems to the attendance office.

Off campus lunch privilege: At the beginning of the Fall term, 11th and 12th grade students may apply for an Off-Campus lunch pass. Individual eligibility will be determined by: (1) a minimum 2.0 GPA in the previous term, (2) no more than three class periods of truancy during the previous term., Proficient or Advanced scores on STAR (or significant improvement). Students with excessive referrals risk losing off campus privileges. • Parents must come in person to

the school to sign a “Parent Consent” form giving permission for their student to have the OCP, or provide a notarized signature.

• Students who abuse the lunch pass privilege and/or fail to maintain eligibility will have their OCP revoked for the remainder of the term.

• Parents are required to follow the procedures for the original OCP application for reinstatement or replacement of a lunch pass.

Students suspended during the term may lose their off campus lunch privilege.

• Students in possession of a fraudulent OCP will lose their off campus lunch privileges for the remainder of the school year. ID Card: All students are issued ID cards. Students must carry these cards on campus at all time and be prepared to present them if requested by any staff member. If cards are lost, duplicates must be obtained in the Activities Office for a $20.00 replacement fee.

Student Store: The Student Store is operated by the student body for the benefit of Newbury Park High School students. School supplies of all types are on sale, including paper, pencils, workbooks and gym clothes. Various Panther spirit items are also available. The Student Store is the place to purchase Yearbooks, student activity cards (SACs), dance and other special event tickets. Store hours: The store is open before school, during breaks, and after school until 2:30.

The student store is closed to students during class time.

Textbooks: Textbooks are distributed through the textbook room and library. Students are responsible for the textbooks assigned to them. Students should write their names in their

textbooks upon checkout. Textbooks should be kept in student lockers, at home, or in a backpack, not in a classroom. Please cover all textbooks. VEHICLES: Parking: Only juniors and seniors with the appropriate parking sticker displayed in the lower left windshield will be allowed to park in the school lot. Permits and stickers are sold for $20 in the Activities Office. Permits are only valid for one term and need to be re-purchased at the start of every term. The parking lot adjacent to the gym and Performing Arts Center is the only lot provided for NPHS students. The school is not responsible for students’ cars or materials left in them. Report any loitering or suspicious activity to the office. Student vehicles parked in the school parking lot must have a parking permit sticker affixed to the car windshield. Stickers are available from the Activities Office Driver’s license and current DMV registration are required. Your permit DOES NOT guarantee you a parking space.

1. Student vehicles are to be parked and locked in the Student Lot only;

2. Bicycles must be parked

and locked to the bike racks next to the T building. Bicycles are to be walked on campus at all times.

3. Skateboards may be

locked in the skateboard rack located in the bike rack area.

4. Locks left in the bike

rack area will be removed over the summer if left behind.

5. The faculty parking lot is off limits to student cars. Unauthorized vehicles in the faculty lot may be towed away or have a wheel lock placed on the vehicle (plus a $25 fine).

6. All other parking lots are

off limits during school hours.

Violation of Parking Rules: Owners of cars parked without authorization or in unauthorized areas will be fined $25.00 for the first offense. Other consequences may include suspension, campus service, or citation from TOPD.

VISITORS: NPHS is a closed campus. Any non-student must check in through the main office. Students may not have visitors (friends or relatives) with them during the school day.

WORK PERMITS: Students under the age of 18 must apply for a work permit in the College and Career Center. To obtain a permit, a student must meet the following qualifications:

• A grade point average of

at least 2.0 for the prior grading period;

• Must be attending school

regularly and promptly at least 90% of the time.

YEARBOOKS: Yearbook prices will increase monthly through December. Students who wait until June to buy one may do so on a first come, first served basis at a higher price, if books are available GRADE APPEALS: Requests for course grade changes must be, according to educational code, made in writing immediately following the posting of the grade. PRESCRIPTION and OVER the COUNTER MEDICATIONS: Parents shall inform the school of the medication being taken, the current dosage, and name of the supervising physician. Parents must fill out an Authorization for any medication during the school hours. Further, all medication must be left with the school nurse.

FORMATTING THE PAPER and IN-TEXT CITATIONS General guidelines for formatting the paper:

• Type your paper on a computer and print it out on standard, white 8.5 x 11-inch paper. • Double-space the text of your paper, and use Times New Roman font. The font size should be 12 pt. • Leave only one space after periods or other punctuation marks. • Set the margins of your document to 1 inch on all sides. • Use the Tab key to indent the first line of paragraphs one half-inch from the left margin. • Create a header that numbers all pages consecutively in the upper right-hand corner, one-half inch from the top and flush with the right margin.

In-Text Citations

Parenthetical citation is referring to the works of others in your text.

This method involves placing relevant source information in parentheses after a quote or a paraphrase. Any source information that you provide in-text must correspond to the source information on the Works Cited page. Whatever signal word or phrase you provide to your readers in the text must be the first thing that appears on the left-hand margin of the corresponding entry in the Works Cited List.

The author's last name and the page number(s) from which the

quotation or paraphrase is taken must appear in the text, and a complete reference should appear on your Works Cited page. The author's name may appear either in the sentence itself or in parentheses following the quotation or paraphrase, but the page number(s) should always appear in the parentheses, not in the text of your sentence. For example:

Wordsworth stated that Romantic poetry was marked by a "spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings" (263). Romantic poetry is characterized by the "spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings" (Wordsworth 263). Both citations in the examples above tell readers that the

information in the sentence can be located on page 263 of a work by an author named Wordsworth. If readers want more information about this source, they can turn to the Works Cited page.

When a source has no known author, use a shortened title of the

work instead of an author name.

MLA FORMATTING General Guidelines for bibliographic information in MLA style:

• Head this section Works Cited and center the heading.

• Include only sources cited in your paper.

• Use a hanging indention: the first line of each entry is flush left, and subsequent lines in the entry are indented. The best way to do this is to choose hanging indention in the options for formatting paragraphs.

• Double space between and within entries.

• Space once after all punctuation.

• Arrange entries in alphabetical order by last name of author. If the author's name is unknown, alphabetize by the title, ignoring any A, An, or The.

• Use full names of authors as stated in the original publication. Do not list titles (Dr., Sir, etc.) or degrees (PhD, MA, etc.) with names. Do include suffixes like "Jr." or "II." For Example, a work by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. would be cited as "King, Martin Luther, Jr.,"

• List the first author of an entry in reverse order (last name, first name) and all other authors in standard order (first name first).

• If there are two or more books by the same author, give the full name in the first entry and type three hyphens followed by a period for subsequent entries.

• If there are more than three authors, either name only the first author followed by et al. or give all names in full.

• For each individual essay from an anthology, include the author's name, the title of the essay, the editor's name, and the page range.

• When citing only one volume of a multivolume work, include the volume number after the work's editor.

• Capitalize all important words in the titles. Do not capitalize articles (the, an), prepositions, or conjunctions unless one is the first word of the title or subtitle.

• Italicize names of books, publications, and databases.

• Use lowercase abbreviations to identify the parts of a work (e.g., vol. for volume, ed. for editor).

• Whenever possible, use the appropriate abbreviated forms for the publisher's name (Random instead of Random House).

• Use n.p. if no publisher name is available and n.d. if no publishing date is given.

• For every entry, you must determine the Medium of Publication. The medium of publication for all “hard copy” books is Print. The medium of publication for electronic sources is listed as Web. Other possibilities may include Film or DVD.

• Do not provide URLs for Web entries. However, if your teacher insists on them, include them in angle brackets after the entry and end with a period. Truncate long URLs (break lines only at slashes).

For more information see the “Citation Help” page of the NPHS library website.

MLA Examples:

Print Book

Author, First, and Second Author. Title of Book: Italicized with All

Important Words Capitalized. Edition abbreviated if appropriate.

City of Publication, State if not well-known city: Publisher, Date.

Print. Series Title if appropriate.

Chapter in a Print Book

Author(s) of the Chapter. "Title of the Chapter in Quotes with All Important

Words Capitalized." Title of the Book Italicized with All Important

Words Capitalized.

Ed. followed by the name of the editor in standard name order. City

of Publication, State if not well-known city: Publisher, Date.

Inclusive page numbers

of chapter. Print. Series Title if appropriate.

Full Text Article from an Online Database

Author, First. "Title of Article in Quotes with All Important Words

Capitalized." Name

of the Periodical Italicized with All Important Words Capitalized

Volume number. Issue number (if given) Year: pages (if not given,

use n. pag.). Name of Database Italicized. Medium of Publication

(Web). Date of access (Day, Month, Year).

Website

Person who created the site (if known) last name, first name. Name of the

Site. Name of the institution associated with the site; if not given,

use n.p. Date of publication; if not given, use n.d. Web. Day Month

Year of Access.

APA FORMATTING General Guidelines for bibliographic information in APA style:

• Label this page References centered at the top of the page. • All text should be double-spaced.

• Use a hanging indention: the first line of each entry is flush left, and subsequent lines in the entry are indented. The best way to do this is to choose hanging indention in the options for formatting paragraphs.

• Authors' names are inverted (last name first); give the last name and initials for all authors of a particular work for up to and including seven authors. Commas separate author names, while the last author name is preceded by an ampersand.

• Reference list entries should be alphabetized by the last name of the first author of each work.

• The publication year goes between parentheses, followed by a period.

• If you have more than one article by the same author(s), list in order by the year of publication, starting with the earliest.

• When referring to books, chapters, articles, or Web pages, capitalize only the first letter of the first word of a title and subtitle, the first word after a colon or a dash in the title, and proper nouns. Do not capitalize the first letter of the second word in a hyphenated compound word.

• Capitalize all major words in journal titles. • Italicize titles of books. Italicize titles of journals, and follow the

title by the volume number which is also italicized. • Indicate the issue number in parentheses after the volume. The

parentheses and issue number are not italicized. • Do not italicize, underline, or put quotes around the titles of shorter

works such as journal articles or essays in edited collections. • The series title should be included immediately following the book

title and should not be italicized. • For a chapter in an edited book, after the chapter title type In, the

editor’s name, the abbreviation Ed. In parenthesis, the title of the book, and then the page number of the chapter in parenthesis.

• When you list the pages of the chapter or essay in parentheses after the book title, use "pp." before the numbers: (pp. 1-21). This abbreviation, however, does not appear before the page numbers in periodical references, except for newspapers.

• For a print article obtained from an online database, provide appropriate print citation information. Place the article DOI (digital object identifier) at the end of the entry. If there is no DOI, provide the database URL at the end of the entry preceded by the words

Retrieved from. Do not put a period at the end of the DOI or the URL.

• For a website provide the URL at the end of the entry preceded by the words Retrieved from.

For more information see the “Citation Help” page of the NPHS library website.

Basic APA Format for Books

Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of work: Capital letter also for

subtitle. Location: Publisher.

Article in a book with an editor:

Kurlychek, M. C. (2011). Death penalty for juvenile offenders. In W. J.

Chambliss (Ed.). Juvenile crime and justice (pp. 73-89). Thousand

Oaks, CA: SAGE.

Article from a volume of an encyclopedia:

Hamm, R. F. (2008). Prohibition. In D. S. Tanenhaus (Ed.). Encyclopedia of

the Supreme Court of the United States (Vol. 4, pp. 134-136).

Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA.

Essay in a book that is part of a series:

Kincaid, J. R. (2010). Child beauty pageants reflect the culture's

sexualization of children. In N. Merino (Ed.). Beauty pageants. At

issue. (pp. 76-80). Detroit: Greenhaven Press.

Journal article:

Carucci, D., Overhuls, D., & Soares, N. (2011, Spring). Computer crimes.

American Criminal Law Review, 48(2), 375-380.

Newspaper article:

More fracking red tape; New EPA rules place a green thumb on energy

scales. (2012, April 24). Washington Times [Washington, DC], p.

B02.

Article in SAGE Reference Online database:

Bernat, F. P. (2011). Age of consent. In W. J. Chambliss (Ed.). Crime and criminal behavior (pp. 2-12). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE. doi: 10.4135/978-1-4129-9411-8.n1

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