note taking guide: episode 101 name scientific · pdf filenote taking guide: episode 101...

Note Taking Guide: Episode 101 Name___________________

CHEMISTRY: A Study of Matter © 2004, GPB

1.1

Scientific Method

A _______________ _______________ of _______________ _______________.

Steps of the Scientific Method

a. Making _______________ that lead to a _______________. b. Forming a _______________ to answer the _______________. c. Testing the _______________ by _______________. d. Making a _______________ based on the results of the _______________.

Definitions:

Observing: Use of the _______________ and _______________ in the lab to _______________ _______________.

Conclusion: A statement based on _____________ and prior _____________. Observations Vs. Conclusions

1. ______ 2. ______ 3. ______ 4. ______ 5. ______ 6. ______ 7. ______ 8. ______

Observations

Quantitative Qualitative

Qualitative Vs. Quantitative

1. ______ 2. ______ 3. ______ 4. ______

5. ______ 6. ______ 7. ______ 8. _____

Includes _________ and ________.

Does _________ include ________

and units.


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Hypothesis: an _____________ ____________. A good hypothesis: 1. ______________ an _______________ 2. can be _______________ 3. will _____________ an _____________ Practice forming a hypothesis:

1. What is the ____________ of the ____________ ____________? 2. As the candle _______________, it gets _______________. Where does

the _______________ go? Experiment:

a. is _____________ to _____________ a _______________. b. involves _______________. c. is performed under ______________ _______________.

Variables: factors that can be ______________.

Control: a _______________ that is held _______________.

In a good experiment:

a. only ______________ ______________ are allowed to _______________.

b. the _____________ (or ____________) _____________ is changed by the _______________.

c. the _____________ (or ____________) ______________ changes as a result of the ___________.

d. all other _______________ are _______________ because they are held _______________.

The Chemistry Quiz

1. _____ 2. _____ 3. _____ 4. _____ 5. _____

Worksheet: Candle Lab Questions—Part 1 Name___________________


1.3

Use your notes and candle lab observations from Episode 101 as you answer the

following questions.

Observations vs. Conclusions In most labs, you will make observations and conclusions. What is the difference? For each of the following statements, write “O” if it is an observation and “C” if it is a conclusion. ___1. The temperature outside is 95 ºF. ___2. I see smoke coming from the engine so the car must be overheating. ___3. The eggs stink. ___4. The eggs are rotten. ___5. Vinegar tastes sour so it must be an acid. ___6. The coin is copper colored. ___7. Because it is copper-colored, the coin is a penny. ___8. It looks like it is going to rain. Now, write two observations and two conclusions of your own. Do you understand what happens when a candle burns? Answer the following questions as best you can, using your general knowledge. What is produced when a candle burns? What is necessary for a candle to burn? What is the purpose of the candle wick? As a candle burns, it becomes shorter. Where does the wax go?

Worksheet: Candle Lab Questions—Part 2 Name___________________


1.4

Use your notes and candle lab observations from Episode 101 as you answer the

following questions. Qualitative vs. Quantitative How are quantitative and qualitative observations different? For each of the following statements, write “L” for qualitative and “N” for quantitative. _____1. The box is brown. _____2. The box is 12 cm long. _____3. The box is empty. _____4. The box has red words written on the side. _____5. The box is 8 cm wide. _____6. The box has a bumpy interior. _____7. The box has a lid. _____8. The box is 4 cm tall. Now, write two qualitative observations and two quantitative observations of your own. Answer each of the following questions and explain based on what you observed in Episode 101. What is produced when a candle burns? What is necessary for burning? Where does the wax go as a candle burns?

Lab: Scientific Method—Datasheet Name___________________


1.5

The purpose of this lab is to practice using the scientific method. 1. The first step of the scientific method is to make _________________ that

lead to a ________________.

Look at the equipment you have been given and make observations. Label each of your observations as quantitative (N) or qualitative (L). Write a question related to extinguishing the flame of the candle using the equipment provided.

2. The second step of the scientific method is to form a ______________ to answer your question.

What are three things a good hypothesis must do? Write a hypothesis related to your question in step one.

3. The third step of the scientific method is to _____________ the hypothesis by ________________.


1.6

Define variable. Use controlled, manipulated and responding to fill in the blanks. The _________________ variable is changed by the scientist. The _________________ variable changes as a result of the experiment. Everything else must be a ______________ variable. Design an experiment to test your hypothesis. Identify the manipulated variable, the responding variable, and the controlled variables. Perform your experiment. Design a chart, graph, table, etc. to keep track of your data.

4. The final step in the scientific method is to make a ________________ based on the results of the experiment.

When you are satisfied with your data, write a conclusion and clean up.

Quiz: Metric Awareness Name___________________


1.7

This quiz will give you and your local teacher an idea of how familiar you are with the Metric System. On a separate sheet of paper, write the letter of the answer

which best completes each statement.

1. A bathing suit made of 1 dm2 would be: a. decent. b. indecent.

2. A person who is 1200 mm tall and has a mass of 30 kg would be better suited to

be: a. a center for the Atlanta Falcons. b. a little league baseball player. c. a member of your school’s soccer team.

3. A sphere with a mass of 200,000 µg would be:

a. Princess Winifred’s Pea (from the story of the Princess and the Pea). b. Cinderella’s carriage. c. Babe Ruth’s baseball.

4. A distance of 1 km would be:

a. the distance from Charleston, SC to Nashville, TN. b. a stroll down a garden path. c. a walk off a pirate’s plank.

5. If your nose is 20 cm long, you are probably:

a. Uga, the University of Georgia bulldog mascot. b. Pinocchio’s Uncle.

6. The month is January, and the temperature is 32 °C. The place is:

a. Boston, MA. b. Atlanta, GA. c. Tahiti.

7. In a 100 L aquarium, you would most likely put:

a. a pregnant guppy. b. Moby Dick. c. the shark in Jaws.


1.8

8. If you are driving 90 km/hr, you would probably be: a. racing at the Indianapolis 500. b. plowing a corn field. c. driving on a highway.

9. A white sphere with a diameter of 0.4 dm would be:

a. the head of a snowman. b. a golf ball. c. a bleached watermelon.

10. A kiss that lasts a Ms would be:

a. a peck on the cheek. b. a world record breaker. c. a good night kiss.



1.9

International System ( ) _______________ system used in _______________

AKA _______________ _______________ Length- _______________ between _______________ _______________ Base unit-_______________ (____)

Instrument-_______________ stick or _______________ ruler Mass-_______________ of _______________ in a _______________. Base unit-_______________ (____) Instrument-_______________ Volume-_______________ of ______________ an object _______________ Base unit-_______________ (____)

Instrument-_______________ ruler or _______________ _______________

Time-_______________ between two _______________ Base unit-_______________ (____) Instrument-_______________ Temperature-average _______________ _______________

Base unit-_______________ (____) or _______________ (____) Instrument-_______________ Measuring example: width of textbook = _______________

A measurement includes both a _________ and a _________!

Significant Figures-_______________ numbers plus one _______________

number


1.10

Examples of volume measurements: 1. volume of liquid = _______________ 2. volume of solid

rectangular Solid - V = _______________ volume of cube = ___________________ volume of rectangular solid = ____________________________

irregular solid-___________ ____________

Practice Problems

volume of the rock

volume of rectangular solid

volume of rectangular solid using water displacement:

______cm3 = ______ mL

The Chemistry Quiz

CR1._____ CR2._____ 1._____ 2._____

3._____ 4._____

Worksheet: Measurement Name___________________


1.11

Use your notes from Episode 102 to help you complete this worksheet.

Fill in all blanks of the following chart.

Property Definition Base Unit Instrument(s) length

mass

volume

time

temperature

What two things must be included in all measurements? Describe the process used to find the volume of a rectangular solid. Describe the process used to find the volume of an irregular solid such as a rock. Describe the process used to find the mass of a liquid. Describe the process used to measure out a specific mass of a solid.


1.12

Using correct significant digits, make the following measurements. All measurements are in centimeters (cm).

A brick measures 25 cm by 12 cm by 13 cm. What is the volume of the brick in cm3? How many milliliters of water would this brick displace? A graduated cylinder has 35.0 mL of water in it before an object is dropped inside. The new volume is 38.5 mL. What is the volume of the object in cm3? A cube measures 1.0 cm on each side. What is the volume of the cube? If this cube is dropped into 28.0 ml of water, what will be the new volume reading on the graduated cylinder? 50 g of water is placed into a beaker. The mass of the beaker is now 115 g. What is the mass of the empty beaker?

0 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

0 1 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9

0 100 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Lab: Metric Measurement


1.13

Procedures Follow the instructions for making each of the following measurements and record in the appropriate data table on the “Datasheet”. I. Length: 1. Estimate the length of the board, in meters, using only your eyes. 2. Use a 1 meter long piece of string to measure the height of the door and the

width of your desk. 3. Now use a meter stick to make the same measurements as in #2. 4. Use the ruler to measure the width and length of this sheet of paper in cm and

in mm. II. Volume: 1. Using the graduations on the beaker, measure the volume of liquid in the

beaker. 2. Use a graduated cylinder to measure the same liquid. 3. Fill a 250 mL flask completely full of water. Use a large graduated cylinder to

measure the capacity of the flask.

III. Temperature: 1. Measure the temperature of 100 mL of tap water. 2. Measure the temperature of 200 mL of tap water. IV. Mass: 1. Obtain a balance. Follow your teacher’s instructions for correctly using the

balance. 2. Place a coin directly on the balance and find its mass. 3. Repeat with a different coin for each lab partner. 4. Mass the empty cup. 5. Use a graduated cylinder to measure 50 mL of water and add to the cup. 6. Mass the cup with the water in it. 7. Determine the mass of the water.

Lab: Metric Measurement—Datasheet Name___________________


1.14

I. Length: The metric unit for length is the ______________.

estimated length of board_________

string meter stick

cm

mm

height of door

width of paper

width of desk

length of paper

II. Volume: A metric unit for volume is the cm3. It is the same as _____.

1000 mL = ________ beaker___________ graduated cylinder_________ capacity of 250 mL flask _____________ Of the 3 instruments you have used, which is the best for measuring volume?________________ Why?___________________________________________

III. Temperature: The most common metric unit for temperature is _____. 100 mL tap water _________ 200 mL tap water __________ Does the amount of water affect the temperature? ____________ IV. Mass: The metric unit for mass is the ______________.

penny nickel dime quarter

mass

empty cup cup + water water

mass

Note Taking Guide: Episode 103 Name____________________


1.15

M x 10n 1 ≤ M <10

Correct Form? (C = correct / I = incorrect) 9.2 x 102 _____ 0.4 x 10-14 _____

1.8 x 25 _____ 860 x 10-3 _____ 9.898989887 x 101 _____

Problem Set One—Change from scientific notation to decimal notation: a.

b.

c.

d.

e.

Problem Set Two—Change from decimal notation to scientific notation: a.

b.

c.

d.

e.

Sample Problem: Volume of block

The Chemistry Quiz

CR1._____ CR2._____ 1._____ 2._____

3._____ 4. _____

Worksheet: Scientific Notation Name___________________


1.16

Change the following numbers in decimal notation to scientific notation. 0.00004 0.0025

310000

Change the following numbers in scientific notation to decimal notation. 5.93 x 10-5 3 x 104

1.5 x 103

Make the following calculations using your calculator. 1.3 x 103 + 2.5 x 102 2.6 x 104 - 1.7 x 103

(1.5 x 102)(2.3 x 10-5) 5

-2

4.4 x 10

2.0 x 10

Worksheet #2: Scientific Notation Name___________________


1.17

Express these numbers in scientific notation. 1. 49100 _____________ 4. 0.02045 _____________ 2. 588.39 _____________ 5. 0.111 _____________ 3. 7.27 _____________ 6. 300.6 _____________ Express these numbers in decimal notation. 1. 8.32 x 10-2 _____________ 4. 1.457 x 102_____________ 2. 5.4 x 104 _____________ 5. 3.00 x 10-1 _____________ 3. 9.67 x 103 _____________ 6. 2.22 x 10-6 _____________ Use your calculator to solve the following. Be sure to express your answer in scientific notation even if your calculator does not. 1. (3.0 x 105) + (5.0 x 104) _____________ 2. (8.1 x 104)(6.455 x 10-4) _____________

3. 9 -5

2

(1.20 x 10 )(2.4 x 10 )

(6.0812 x 10 ) _____________

4. (4.874 x 106) ÷ (2.6 x 10-5) _____________

Worksheet #3: Scientific Notation Name___________________


1.18

Express these numbers in scientific notation. 1. 0.0023 _____________ 4. 14,000 _____________ 2. 0.258 _____________ 5. 0.000036 _____________ 3. 10.236 _____________ 6. 2.52 _____________ Express these numbers in decimal notation. 1. 4.36 x 102_____________ 4. 1.45 x 10-2_____________ 2. 3.40 x 10-3 _____________ 5. 5.02 x 104 _____________ 3. 2.67 x 105 _____________ 6. 1.21 x 10-7 _____________ Use your calculator to solve the following. Be sure to express your answer in scientific notation even if your calculator does not. 1. (3.0 x 103) + (5.0 x 103) _____________ 2. (6.9 x 103)(2.455 x 104) _____________

3. 9 -3

5

(4.3 x 10 )(3.1 x 10 )

(5.0214 x 10 ) _____________

4. (4.58 x 10-5) ÷ (3.2 x 10-2) _____________



1.19

Metric Prefixes One _______________ thing equals _______________ _______________

things.

Prefix Abbreviation One smaller = many larger

centi- ( ) 1 g =

kilo- ( ) 1 kg =

Mega- ( ) 1 Mg =

deci- ( ) 1 g =

milli- ( ) 1 g =

micro- ( ) 1 g =

Prefix Questions 1. _______________ m = 1 km 2. _______________ km = 1 m Which is larger? 3. milliliter or centiliter 4. kilogram or megagram 5. millimeter or kilometer 6. a penny = 1 _______________dollar 7. a dime = 1 _______________dollar 8. a megabuck = _______________dollars 9. a kilopenny = _______________ dollars Prefix and Base Unit Questions 1. _______________ 2. _______________ 3. _______________ 4. _______________ 5. _______________


1.20

Conversions: Convert 152 cm to m

conversion factor— a _______________ of fact expressed as a ______________ equaling _______________

Fact: 1 m = 100 cm

1 m

100 cm

100 cm

1 m

Convert kg to grams

Convert µs to ds

mm = ______ km Problem Set One 1) 2) 3) 4) 5)

How many yards are in km?

The Chemistry Quiz

CR1._____ CR2._____ 1._____ 2._____

3._____ 4._____ 5. _____

Worksheet: Metric Conversions Name___________________


1.21

1. 0.057 m to km 2. 13 cm3 to mL 3. 0.986 hours to seconds 4. 3.004 L to mL 5. 86 kg to g 6. 24 cm3 to L 7. 56,000 µg to kg 8. 56 km to mm Get our your math hat!! (and your notes from Episode 104) 9. 20 km to feet

Worksheet #2: Metric Conversions Name___________________


1.22

1. 32 cm to m 2. 56 mL to cm3 3. 14 minutes to seconds 4. 507 cL to L 5. 29 kg to cg 6. 0.546 km to µm 7. 69,000 dg to kg 8. 23 gallons to mL (Hint: 1 fluid oz = 33 mL)



1.23

Show all work and express your answers in scientific notation.

1. How many milligrams are in ten grams? 2. A metal bar has a length of 3.0 cm, a width of 3.0 cm, and a height of 2.0 cm.

What volume of water, in liters, would the bar displace? 3. A beaker has a mass of 125 g. What is the mass of this beaker in decigrams? 4. A liquid is poured into the beaker in question 3, and the mass of the beaker and

liquid is 146 g. What is the mass of the liquid in kilograms? 5. A strip of paper has a length of 14 cm. What is the length of the strip of paper

in mm? in km? 6. Your next-door neighbor has a little girl who is 3 ft, 5 inches tall. What is the

little girl’s height measured in inches? in decimeters?



1.26

Show all work and express your answers in scientific notation.

1. 0.062 cm to m 2. 1.3 L to mL 3. 24 hours to seconds 4. 203 kL to L 5. 0.0145 km to m 6. 2.4 cm3 to mL 7. 6,000 cm3 to dL 8. 5.6 Mm to dm 9. 20 m to feet

Lab: Metric Conversions


1.24

Procedures I. Length: 1. Use the meter stick to measure the length of the room in meters. 2. Use the meter stick to measure the width of the room in meters. 3. Convert the length and width measurements to kilometers. 4. Convert the length and width measurements to centimeters.

II. Volume: 1. Measure the volume of liquid in the graduated cylinder in milliliters. 2. Convert the volume measurement to kiloliters. 3. Convert the volume measurement to deciliters.

III. Mass: 1. Obtain a balance. Follow your teacher’s instructions for correctly using the

balance. 2. Mass a rubber stopper and record the mass in grams. 3. Convert the mass to Megagrams. 4. Convert the mass to micrograms.

Lab: Metric Conversions—Datasheet Name___________________


1.25

I. Length:

m km cm

length

width

Show your work in this space.

II. Volume: mL kL dL

volume


III. Mass:

g Mg µg

mass


Review Sheet: Unit 1 Name___________________


1.27

1. Distinguish between observations and conclusions.

Give an example of an observation: ____________________________ Give an example of a conclusion: ______________________________

2. What are qualitative observations?

Give an example: _________________________________________

What are quantitative observations?

Give an example: __________________________________________

3. Scientists use the scientific method to help them answer questions. The first step is to make ________________ that lead to a ___________. Next, you form a ______________ to answer your questions. Then you test the hypothesis by performing an _______________. Finally, you make a _____________ based on the results of the experiment. A good hypothesis must explain the ________________, be able to be ______________, and predict an ________________. A good experiment has one _______________ variable which is changed by the scientist and one _______________ variable which changes as a result of the experiment. All other variables must be ______________.

4. Define each of the following. mass: volume: length: temperature:

5. In the lab, measurements are made with various instruments. The __________ is used to measure mass, the __________ stick is used to measure length, and the graduated cylinder is used to measure ____________. Our graduated cylinders are marked off in cm3 which is the same as a ______________. To measure temperature, you would use a ___________________.


1.28

6. We have learned that numbers without units are meaningless. The unit for volume in the metric system is the _____________. The unit for mass in the metric system is the ______________. The unit for length in the metric system is the ______________. The unit for temperature in the metric system is the _______________.

7. A wooden block has a length of 4.0 cm, a width of 2.0 cm, and a height of 1.0 cm. What is the volume of this block?

Suppose this block is dropped into 23.0 mL of water. What will be the new volume reading? A beaker has a mass of 52.0 g. After water is added to the beaker, the new mass is 76.0 g. What is the mass of the water?

8. Write in scientific notation or decimal notation, whichever is appropriate.

1.6 x 105 _____________ 5000 _____________ 0.0056 _____________ 9.7 x 10-2 _____________

9. Make the following metric conversions. 33.5 cs = ____________ s 4.5 x 10-3 ML = _____________ dL 3500 mm = ____________ km 6.7 x 105 µg = ____________ g

note taking guide: episode 101 name scientific · pdf filenote taking guide: episode 101...

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