norwegian church aid burundi strategy 2016-2020 · 2016-2020 updated 24 september 2015 . 2...

1 Norwegian Church Aid Burundi Strategy 2016-2020

Norwegian Church Aid

Burundi Strategy

2016-2020

Updated 24 September 2015


Table of contents

List of abbreviations ......................................................................... 3

Executive summary ......................................................................... 4

1.Context analysis ........................................................................... 5

2.Lessons learned ............................................................................ 9

3.Geographic focus ......................................................................... 10

4.Theory of Change for NCA Burundi ................................................. 11

5.Strengthening civil society ............................................................ 14

6.Programmes ................................................................................ 16

6.1. Global Programme: Economic Empowerment ......................................... 17

6.2. Global Programme: Climate Resilience ...................................................... 20

6.3. Global Programme: Water, Sanitation and Hygiene ............................. 22

6.4. Contextual Programme: Gender-Based Violence .................................... 24

7.Emergency preparedness and response .......................................... 25

8.Finance and funding ..................................................................... 26

9.Monitoring and evaluation ............................................................. 28

10.Organisational prerequisites ........................................................ 29

11.Risk management ...................................................................... 31

List of References ........................................................................... 33

Annex 1: Map showing project areas ................................................. 35

Annex 2: Partner information ........................................................... 36

Annex 3: Cross-cutting issues and strengthening civil society ............... 46

Annex 4: Programme results frameworks .......................................... 47

Annex 5: Funding strategy and targets .............................................. 49

Annex 6: Planned evaluations .......................................................... 52

Annex 7: Risk analysis and management ........................................... 53

Annex 8: Baseline process ............................................................... 55


List of abbreviations

ABS Agro- Business Services

ACT Action By Churches Together

ADDF Association pour la Défense des Droits de la Femme

AFEV Action en Faveur des Enfants Vulnérables

BBIN Burundi Business Incubator

CARE Cooperative for Assistance and Relief Everywhere

CEJP Commission Episcopale Justice et Paix Burundi

CEPBU Communauté des Eglises de Pentecôte au Burundi

CLTS Community Led Total Sanitation

CNEB Conseil National des Eglises du Burundi

DHS Demographic and Health Surveys

DRC Democratic Republic of Congo

EMUSO Entente Mutuelle et Solidarité

EPRP Emergency and Preparedness Response Plan

FBO Faith-Based Organisation

GBV Gender Based Violence

GDP Gross Domestic Product

HAP Humanitarian Accountability Partnership

HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus

MoU Memoradum of Understanding

NCA Norwegian Church Aid

NGO Non-Governmental Organisation

OCHA Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs

ODA Official development assistance

ODEDIM Organisation Diocésaine pour l’Entraide et le Développement Intégral de

Muyinga

OPDE Oeuvre Humanitaire pour la Protection et le Développement de l’Enfant

en Difficulté

REFLECT Regenerated Freirean Literacy through Empowering Community

Techniques

TF Task Force

UN United Nations

UNDP United Nations Development Programme

UNICEF The United Nations Children's Fund

UNIPROBA Unissons-nous pour la Promotion des Batwas

WASH Water, Sanitation and Hygiene

ZOA Netherland based International NGO

http://www.undp.org/


Executive summary

Burundi is one of the poorest countries in the world1. Approximately 80% of the estimat-

ed population of 10.88 million lives below the poverty line. Inequalities between the capi-

tal, Bujumbura, and the rest of the country, remain high. Subsistence farming is still the

main livelihood but because of low productivity and climate variability, among other fac-

tors, people struggle to secure their livelihoods.

NCA has therefore chosen to focus on improved livelihoods and living conditions in the

geographical areas of Kirundo and Bujumbura rural. The main target group is women,

Batwa2 and youth. Women face higher rates of unemployment, lower access to resources

(land, credit), and have less voice in decision making than men, and social norms impede

their engagement in economic activities. Batwa face a low social status and score high on

poverty indicators linked to land ownership, medical assistance, education and food secu-

rity. Youth constitutes a major part of the work force but lack income and employment

opportunities, and under the present political difficult situation, youth are vulnerable to

pressure to join political militant groups.

NCA and partners will develop agricultural practice in a climate sensitive way in close

collaboration with local communities to create new livelihood opportunities, and promote

small scale entrepreneurship linked to agriculture. In addition there will be a WASH com-

ponent, both for consumption and for use in agriculture. To implement the strategy, NCA

and partners will build on former experience and competencies in community mobiliza-

tion, using REFLECT3 methods to build skills, knowledge and awareness in communities

and ensure ownership and sustainability of results. Community associations and commit-

tees that were built and strengthened during the previous strategic period will serve as

ready entry-points for business development and task forces in the climate resilience

programme.

In addition to empowering communities as described in this programme, the NCA Burun-

di country programme for 2016-2020 will endeavour to:

strengthen civil society and build bridges between civil society and local govern-

mental authorities;

support and develop faith-based organisations to enable them to realize their vi-

sions and mission and set goals for changes, through religious platforms;

contribute to enable civil society, including faith-based organisations, to be con-

nected and able to mobilise communities to reduce their material poverty and im-

prove their know-how.

1 180 out of 187, UNDP 2014 2 The Batwa (singular = Mutwa) of Burundi are of ‘Pygmy’ origin, and traditionally were hunters and worked as potters or as musicians and entertainers 3 REFLECT, which stands for “Regenerated Freirean Literacy through Empowering Community Techniques” approaches literacy through the identification of issues and problems encountered, discussion possible solutions and spelling out the words as you go along.


1. Context analysis

Burundi, a landlocked country situated in the Great Lakes region, is one of the world‘s

poorest countries. It was ranked as the 180th out of 187 countries and territories on the

2014 human development index. Approximately 80% of the estimated population of

10.88 million lives below the poverty line. This has serious repercussions on the ability of

households to meet basic needs and places Burundi at the top of the Global hunger in-

dex, with the highest level of malnutrition in the world.

Burundi started to emerge from military regimes and civil war in 2005 when democratic

governance structures were restored after years of chaos. Although active conflict has

diminished, peace and reconciliation remain fragile and unpredictable. On the eve of the

2015 elections, violence broke out over the incumbent president’s run for a third term in

office, deemed by opposition, key Civil Society Organisations and protesters in the capital

to be unconstitutional. Threats from youth militia is one of the reasons why more than a

150,000 people have fled to neighbouring countries, and about 100 were killed and more

than a 1000 demonstrates were wounded by the police force. Despite national and inter-

national claims of lack of credibility, transparency and peacefulness, as well as several

attempts to bring the parties to dialogue, the elections went ahead more or less as

scheduled. The elections, in which the incumbent president gained 69% of the vote, were

declared as “not free and credible” by the UN Security Council, and violence has contin-

ued to date.

Poverty analysis and socio economic situation

Burundi’s civil conflict disrupted public services and private investments. Despite recon-

struction efforts, the Burundian economy is still weak due to a reliance on subsistence

agriculture, undiversified and low-value exports, weak infrastructure, weak governance

and institutional capacity, inadequate access to funding, and very low private sector in-

vestment. More than 50% of the national budget was financed by external Donors before

the conflict around the 2015 elections.

In addition to the challenges linked to the present political situation as described above,

Burundi is facing structural and economic difficulties due to i) population pressure; ii)

lack of land; iii) rapid loss of natural resources with the current rate of deforestation es-

timated at 2% a year , iv) low know-how and exploitation of land and other resources.

This situation is aggravated by the lack of a viable secondary sector able to relieve pres-

sure on the primary sector, but also by poor use of natural resources (water and land),

tools and techniques.

The population density is very high, with around 421 inhabitants per square km (com-

pared to an average 40 for sub-sharan developing countries) (World Bank, 2015), and an

average population growth of 2.4% each year. It is projected that the population will

have doubled in 25 years if it continues growing at the prevailing rate. Unless family

planning is prioritized, population growth is a serious threat in a country where the aver-

age fertility rate ranked between 6.03 as of 2013 and 7.57 in 1988.

The agricultural sector represents less than 40% of GDP while some 90% of the popula-

tion is dependent on it, and the rural population derives 95% of its income from it. Agri-

culture is predominately rain-fed (as opposed to irrigated), which makes it vulnerable to

weather variability and climate change. Research predicts an increase in both droughts


and extreme rainfall, which poses an additional challenge for sustaining livelihoods and

food security. The 2015 NCA baseline study from Kirundo and Bujumbura rural, shows

that while most farmers have some knowledge of, and apply some techniques to reduce

the vulnerability of their production, which shows the potential of the regions, this is not

sufficient to increase production and avoid significant losses. In addition, numerous

communities are affected by land conflicts and the legacy of injustices and atrocities left

unaddressed after the end of the civil war.

The lack of job opportunities outside the agricultural sector is, amongst other things, due

to low economic investment, an underdeveloped private sector, limited access to capital

and low job creation in the public sector. The lack of employment opportunities is felt

particularly keenly by youth. The population is very young, with 47% being under the

age of 15, and 67% under the age of 25.

The high levels of power abuse, such as corruption and nepotism, at all levels of the ad-

ministration, also hamper business development. With a small private sector, the state is

in practice the sole provider of formal employment.

Conflicts centre on access to power, which in turn provides access to economic resources.

Elites play a critical role in taking advantage of communities' poverty and lack of educa-

tion to secure their own divergent interests. Grievances around the elites' misuse of pow-

er is an important part of the backdrop to the recent protests: Although the focus has

been on the controversy around a third term for the current president, frustration over

abuse of power was mounting long before the protests broke out, as were concerns over

increased repression and limitations to freedom of speech. It is yet unclear to what ex-

tent the protests enjoy popular support outside the capital, as most rural areas tradition-

ally have been strongholds of support for the president and his ruling party. However,

the flow of refugees and reports of intimidation from Imbonerakure also in rural areas

indicate that the on-going conflicts are deeply influencing also rural communities. In this

context, citizens, and particularly youth, are vulnerable to manipulation and recruitment

into violence, notably into militant political youth wings.

A lack of other economic opportunities increasing the dependence on natural resources

and agriculture decreases the resilience of rural populations. Climate change with an an-

ticipated higher frequency of droughts and extreme weather events, coupled with limited

capacity to cope due to low capacity and lack of knowledge and resources, weak social

structures and inadequate infrastructure, make the situation in rural Burundi critical. Cli-

mate events shocks the asset-thin households as they have few assets to sell to raise the

cash needed to cope.

Women account for 55 per cent of the workforce and do 70 per cent of farm work, yet

women have fewer rights. They have fewer possibilities than men to access resources

such as land and loans, and, despite progress by the adoption of gender quotas, women

still have little participation in the decision making processes. Women do not have the

right to inherit land, which leaves many homeless and without a livelihood in the case of

separation from their husbands. Social norms, such as gender roles (reproductive and

productive) are still impeding the possibility for women to engage in business and eco-

nomic empowerment. According to UNDP, women represent only around 2% in the sec-

ondary sector and around 4% in the tertiary sector. Nearly 46% of female youth of sec-

ondary school age do not go to school compared to 34% of male youth of the same age.

The Batwa, an indigenous minority group representing about 1% of the population,

scores high on the majority of indicators addressing poverty and deprivation. Among this


group, only 3 % own a plot of land of one hectare and above. 60% have less than 5

acres, and 15% have less than one acre. More than 74% do not have a medical insur-

ance card, making it a challenge to access health services; more than 87% in the survey

say they rarely meet their needs for food, as less than 18% have more than one meal

per day.

Role of civil society

Civil society in Burundi is diverse, but most organizations are quite weak. It consists of

human rights organizations and pressure groups on one hand, and development and re-

lief organizations, including church or faith-based organizations, on the other hand.

Women and youth organizations can be found in either group.

The first category of civil society organizations is very vocal about government accounta-

bility to the extent that the government associates it with opposition parties who want to

destabilize the government. Their potential for influencing social and political arena is

weakened by the lack of capacity in organization and strategy development, dependency

on external funding as well as lack of coordination and cohesion.

The second category of civil society organisations are more service delivery oriented or-

ganisations, putting much emphasis on immediate needs of citizens, and often fill the gap

of government responsibility to provide basic services, related to health, agriculture,

WASH, education, shelter, etc. At the exception of the Catholic Church, which has at

many events, especially during the recent political crisis, publicly criticized government

policies, laws and regulations, most religious and faith based organisations tend to be

soft civil society organisations, with charity or development characteristics.

Specialized organizations, focussing on youth, women or other social categories such as

Batwa, disabled, children, trade unions or other professional organizations, do exist and

fall in both categories described above, though the majority is in the second category.

Women organisations have been active on the advocacy, since the peace negotiations in

Arusha in end 90s and are still very vocal on gender equality and women’s rights. Youth

organisations are less visible on the ground of advocacy due to, on one hand, the lack of

time and willingness to engage in activities not generating income and, on the other

hand, pessimism towards results of engagement4. Existing youth organizations are also

limited in action by lack of sustainable funding, and lack of legitimate and recognized

representation of youth.

Batwa organisation such as UNIPROBA, NCA partner, is trying to combine the two, ser-

vice delivery and advocacy, seeking Batwa participation both on economic development

and political arena.

4 NCA, 2014


NCA response

NCA will respond to this with three programmes: climate resilience, economic empow-

erment and access to water, hygiene and sanitation (WASH), with a particular view to

youth, women and Batwa as target groups. This choice is in line with government policies

and strategies such as the National Plan for Agricultural investment (Ministry of Agricul-

ture and livelihood, strategy 2012-2017), the National Policy for Climate Change (Minis-

try of Water and Environment 2013) and the National policy for hygiene and sanitation,

as well as the National Strategy for Water (Ministry of Water and Environment, 2012), all

of them stemming from the National Poverty Reduction strategy (2012). Gender equality

will constitute a key element of the strategy since women are poorer and more vulnera-

ble than men.

Economic and social development is closely linked to peace and security, and while an

improvement in communities’ livelihoods and economic opportunities, should also make

them more resilient to political shocks, NCA will also, in association with other stakehold-

ers, advocate for a peaceful settlement of the current conflicts, and for increased ac-

countability from power holders at local and national level, which in turn is key to sus-

tainable economic development. NCA will also, in different gathering of right holders,

mobilize rights holders around corruption and its impact on economic and social devel-

opment.


2. Lessons learned

The country strategy builds upon experience and lessons learnt during the 2010-2015

strategic period, including two programme evaluations (2012 and 2014).

A first important lesson learned concerns the outreach of programmes and activities. In

order to have more impact, interventions should be more focussed both geographically

and programmatically. This has influenced the choice of three programmes with strong

synergies: climate resilience, economic empowerment and WASH, to be implemented in

two geographic locations.

Second, experience with local partners has shown that there is high need for close moni-

toring and support with financial management, including anti-corruption measures. This

has implications for how NCA Burundi works with local partners, number of staff for ca-

pacity development and monitoring.

Third, collaboration with FBOs has confirmed their potential to act for social change.

Some of them have shown strong advocacy skills and experience. This is particularly true

where they enjoy a certain moral independence from the state, such as the Catholic

Church, and this experience will be built upon in the next period.

Fourth, it is necessary to take a long-term approach while working with income generat-

ing activities. This means that rather than focusing on daily income, minimum standards

such as a business plan and organisational structure should be developed in participation

with the right holders’ associations. This improves sustainability and reduces conflicts

between participants.

Finally, a framework for discussion and reflection that creates awareness, such as RE-

FLECT circles provides benefits beyond literacy, and can be adapted for all types of sub-

jects, particularly where mobilisation is a key factor. As an example the women partici-

pants in REFLECT circles focused on gender realized that saving and loan groups were

the best strategy to improve their economic independence and spontaneously started

such groups.


3. Geographic focus

Over the past few years, NCA has gradually concentrated geographically within Burundi

in order to achieve better results. For the next period, NCA Burundi will continue working

in only two provinces, Kirundo and Bujumbura Rural, located respectively in the north

and west of the country, see annex 1.

In addition to taking into account NCA’s previous experience and strong networks in

these provinces, they were selected based on a country-wide assessment of the following

characteristics:

1) Potential for and consequences of conflict, in particular the burden it has posed on the

economy for many years.

2) Vulnerability to climate change and seasonal variability. This relates most frequently

to drought in Kirundo and soil erosion as well as floods for Bujumbura rural.

3) Very few other NGOs work in these provinces, especially in food security and liveli-

hoods (OCHA, 2015). Most of the NGOs previously working in Kirundo have closed for

coordination and budgetary reasons.

Before the civil war of 1993, Kirundo was the "breadbasket of the country", feeding a

large part of the country with vegetables and cereals. Family farming was market-

oriented. While agriculture is still the main livelihood, the province today has the coun-

try’s highest rates of malnutrition, as a sharp 53.9% decline in agricultural production

has been witnessed between 1996 and 2012 . Over 60% of the households in Kirundo

live under food insecurity and 83 % of the population lives in poverty. Deforestation and

a changing climate have exacerbated the situation and recurrent droughts have been

observed from 2000, leading to crop failure. However, Kirundo has eight freshwater lakes

which offer unexploited opportunities, for instance field irrigation.

The countryside of Bujumbura Rural was used as a base by retreating rebel groups dur-

ing the decade-long civil war (1993-2009), and paid a high price in terms of destruction

of infrastructure and a high number of youth formerly associated with armed groups. The

continued political instability in the region has severely limited economic and social ac-

tivities. Adding to this, the province has a rugged terrain with frequent landslides and

floods, often leading to crop destruction, loss of human lives and destruction of essential

infrastructure such as water supply, schools and health centres. The elements leading to

poverty and lack of livelihoods become even harsher for particular groups including

women, and Batwa, as a result of their social status.

Other provinces neighbouring Kirundo and Bujumbura Rural, especially Mwaro and

Muyinga have similar conditions. NCA leaves room in the strategy to expand if factors,

such as additional funding, becomes available, or situational circumstances change.


4. Theory of Change for NCA Burundi

As seen in the context analysis, the main challenges for Burundi in general, and for in-

habitants of Kirundo and Bujumbura rural provinces in particular, are the high levels of

poverty resulting from the very weak and vulnerable agriculture-based economy and the

chronic instability due to endless power struggles. Livelihoods are further compromised

by the low levels of access to basic services. The lack of economic opportunities, in par-

ticular for youth, women and Batwa, both within and outside of the agricultural sector,

also contributes to the political instability and insecurity. With very limited industrial and

manufacturing activity, everyone is looking towards agricultural production which is far

from being sufficient to support subsistence, let alone to boost economic development.

Programme goal

In the face of the above mentioned challenges, NCA Burundi has set as a goal for this

strategic period (2016-2020): To improve communities’ livelihood, especially that of

women, youth and Batwa, in the provinces of Kirundo and Bujumbura Rural. This feeds

into NCA's global vision 'Together for a Just World'.

Required preconditions This will be achieved if the following preconditions 5are in place:

- Communities have food security in the face of climate change and variability

- Communities embrace new ways of generating income

- Communities access basic services, including water, hygiene and sanitation

- Gender equality is a prevalent social norm

- People feel safe (personal security)

- The population has a space for expression and freedom of speech.

Of these, NCA Burundi will work directly on the first three conditions, with WASH as the

main priority under basic services. Gender equality will be addressed as a cross-cutting

issue in all programmes, but more specifically, the issues of gender and social barriers to

entrepreneurship will be addressed in the Economic empowerment programme. Personal

security will not be addressed directly, but through advocacy on the political conflict,

through targeting youth employment and by applying a conflict sensitive approach in all

programming. Formal education and health services will not be addressed directly, but

NCA will work in close collaboration with other actors such as UNICEF. As for the last

condition, strengthening of civil society actors as a democratic force is an integral part of

the strategy, as described in more detail in chapter 5. REFLECT circles will be key to

strengthening community based civil society as this will be a forum/space for information

flow and reflection on rights for youth, Batwa and women.

5 The list covers the main elements but is not exhaustive


Key Pathways for change: how we will achieve the preconditions.

To allow for food security and even food surplus for value addition and trade, farming

production needs to increase whilst also being resilient to weather variability and climate

change. To achieve this, NCA sees the need to improve farming techniques, increase the

knowledge of changes in weather / climate so that farmers can adapt, and improve the

management of the production both in terms of preservation of harvest and income

management. Access to water and irrigation systems is a pre-requisite in times of

drought.

In order for the community to embrace new ways of generating income, communities

should be able to develop and run correctly micro, small and medium size market orient-

ed enterprises and businesses either by developing non-farming products or by adding

value to agricultural produce. Creating and sustaining enterprises is only viable if mar-

kets are available and accessible. Knowledge on marketing, access to pricing information,

competitiveness of the products as well as a favourable business environment, both legal

or physical are important.

As mentioned, access to basic services, in particular water and sanitation, is a precondi-

tion both to achieve the overall goal and other preconditions. In order to achieve this, the

required infrastructure for access to clean and sufficient water must be in place: in insti-

tutions such as schools, health centres and public markets, and for household consump-

tion and for irrigation. Hygiene and sanitation practices and services must be conducive

to sustaining adequate health conditions. Rights holders’ active participation in the deci-

sion making process on design and implementation of WASH services is important to en-

sure ownership and sustainability, as is community ownership and involvement of local

authorities.

The programme will ensure participation of women and seek to address specific challeng-

es of gender equality such as social constructions and gender roles in order to provide

opportunities for both sex to achieve social and economic empowerment.

Risks

Risks and risk management is further elaborated in chapter 11. Particular note should be

given to risks related to the current political crisis and political climate, such as risks to

personal security, both for staff, partners, rights holders and other participants in the

projects.

Results also depend on the level of democratic engagement by government authorities

and institutions, as they will be key collaborators of NCA in their quality as duty bearers.

As for local government, with whom NCA works more often, often lacks required capacity

and is underfunded and this presents a challenge.

NCA added-value/criteria for selecting preconditions to work on

NCA has selected to work on the three programmes not only because there are acute

needs to reduce poverty, but also because the organisation has gained experience in

building communities’ livelihoods through the development self-confidence (“power with-

in”). NCA has experience and competency in community mobilization and use of methods

such as REFLECT and Community Led Total Sanitation (CLTS), also in combination. NCAs

capacity to organize rural communities into developments groups (community self-help


associations6), combined with our long presence in Kirundo and Bujumbura Rural (since

2004) has helped to build good relationship with both local authorities and local commu-

nities. This comes, particularly, as a result of our transparency and accountability princi-

ples in implementation by being open with all key stakeholders about our programmes,

funding and results. Moreover, as almost all NCA and partner staff have been trained on

and practiced “Do No Harm” and conflict sensitivity, local authorities have respect and

recognition of NCA and partners for ensuring that our interventions comes to build social

cohesion and peace.

6 In this strategy, we will seek to organize these groups into cooperatives or Saving and Loans groups (that we call IKIGEGA, literary meaning Granary)


5. Strengthening civil society

Working strategically with civil society

NCA will collaborate with local partners who will have the overall responsibility for pro-

gramme implementation, starting from beneficiary selection to the actual work of sup-

porting communities.

The local partners are divided in four main groups:

1. Faith-based organisations (FBOs): at present, NCA plans to work with 5 FBOs:

The development branch of the Catholic Diocese of Muyinga (ODEDIM), which

covers Kirundo, the Anglican Church of Burundi, the Burundi National Council of

Churches (protestant churches), the Peace and Justice Commission (CEJP)of the

Catholic Church and the Pentecostal Church development agency (CEPBU). These

partners will be involved in implementation and advocacy related to the climate

resilience and the economic empowerment programmes. With this group, NCA

wants to ensure that service delivery is linked to advocacy, both at local and

national levels. Working with FBOs helps to reach out to communities with their

grass-root structures and volunteers who are experienced in community

mobilization. The mix of FBOs with other civil organisations helps to build mutual

learning.

2. Civil society organisations (three at present): they will work with their specific

target groups on the economic empowerment and climate resilience programmes.

They will collaborate and share experience with other partners working on similar

programme activities. OPDE on economic empowerment for Youth in Bujumbura

rural, EMUSO on economic empowerment for women in Kirundo, and UNIPROBA

on Climate resilience and economic empowerment for Batwa in both provinces.

3. ADDF and AFEV for the GBV programme. For these two partners, there will be a

transition period of two years to phase-out NCA support in which they will

continue to run transit centres in the province of Bujmbura and Kirundo.

4. Finally, NCA will partner with resource organisations, including one company from

the private sector, Agri- Business Services (ABS). These organisations have

technical competence and will provide capacity building for our local partners and

own staff.

Strengthening civil society through programme work

In order to achieve programmatic results and ensure sustainability, NCA and partners will

build and strengthen community based civil society structures such as village councils,

saving groups, water management committees, and disaster preparedness committees7.

These community structures will play both the role of community mobilizers and role

models on one hand and the role of local advocacy, thus constituting the bridges be-

tween NCA partners, duty bearers and right holders. For example, in the Climate resili-

ence programme, these community structures will be used as community task forces,

spreading new techniques on climate smart agriculture, the protection of key infrastruc-

tures, and the organisation of community saving and loan-groups (Ikigega) in the Eco-

7 Note that in many places, where some type of community committee already exists (such as peace commit-tees or WASH committees) it will be more effective to expand the mandate of these committees towards disas-ter preparedness rather than to create separate committees for each topic.


nomic Empowerment. The lack of community structures today is a handicap for commu-

nity based development as ownership is not there.

NCA emphasises bridge building between civil society and local government authorities8

in all programmes, and this dialogue expands the room for expression by rights holders.

It is an aim of NCA that structures established are able and motivated to self-initiate pro-

jects in their communities. REFLECT circles will constitute the main forum for building

community civil society groups whereas, at higher levels, NCA Burundi will focus on

building the capacity of networks and umbrella structures in civil society, such as the

Council of churches of Burundi (CNEB) and other relevant networks. Stronger collabora-

tion between actors, such as within the council of churches, will improve the quality of

advocacy needed to achieve programme results, but also leave these structures capable

of a much greater extent to drive issues that concern their members.

Capacitating core partners as civil society actors

Many of NCA's core partners have a relatively weak organizational structure and often

lack visions and clear strategies. Partners implement agreed activities effectively, but the

lack of independence restrains them from growing and becoming sustainable organiza-

tions, financially and programmatically. NCA and local partners will jointly analyse their

needs and sign a Memorandum of Understanding with a common commitment to organi-

sational and programmatic development goals, and ensure a perspective on long-term

collaboration despite having yearly contracts. Strategic and operational planning, as well

as financial management and control will be important elements in the capacity building

of local partners. The main challenges in capacity building are mainly related advocacy

skills including policy analysis, standardized monitoring and evaluation practices, ac-

countability to rights holders and duty bearers (applying HAP principles), etc. For finan-

cial management capacity, the main issues are to build internal control systems and to

diversify funding sources so as to avoid dependency on NCA.

Churches and faith based organisations have been relatively less vocal than other civil

society groups and this is what NCA wants to challenge because their legitimacy is a high

potential for speaking for the poor. Faith-based organizations (FBOs) in particular have a

strong representation in the communities where NCA works, with a clear mandate to rep-

resent the poor and neglected. As legitimate moral voices in society, FBOs have a great

potential for developing their roles as human rights defenders and agents for social

change (including the promotion of ethical standards), both at national and local levels.

8 Where these local authorities do not have enough capacity, NCA will provide them support


6. Programmes

In order to respond to the challenges and preconditions outlined in chapter 4 9, NCA's

three programmes will be run parallel with the aim to streamline and share resources

and target groups. The Economic Empowerment program aims to create news economic

opportunities, the climate resilience programme to increase agricultural production, and

WASH to serve agricultural production as well as to provide water and sanitation services

to the communities.

The acute poverty of many right holders, in combination with past and current conflict

related grievances, makes it challenging to introduce limited resources and opportunities

in a conflict sensitive way. With basis in the capacity gained and lessons learnt in the

previous strategy period, NCA and partners will take care to ensure clear and transparent

selection processes, invest in communication with the broader community and make visi-

ble the community gains from the programme.

Transitioning from the programmes implemented in 2013-2015 to the new strategy and

programme is expected to be quite logical and smooth for the majority of activities. While

some of the content will be new, activities related to the empowerment of women, Batwa

and youth will follow the same logic as previously. Also in the previous programmes, ag-

riculture and job creation were focus areas, the difference is that this will now be done in

a more systematic way.

The previous programme had support to GBV survivors through transit centres as a sub-

stantial activity. The move from assistance to empowerment will require a transition pe-

riod where centres will still be supported financially, however with a view to increase or-

ganizational capacity and the ability to secure other funding sources. At the same time

NCA and partners will focus on empowering economically former clients as well as vul-

nerable women around the centres, as part of the new programming. The centre of

ADDF, built with NCA/Norad support, could for instance host entrepreneurship training

for women.

For full results frameworks for the programmes, please see annex 4, for an overview of

baseline data collection process, please see annex 8.

9 The theory of change and results framework have been adapted to the Burundian context so there may be some difference in the wording from NCAs global terminology


6.1. Global Programme: Economic Empowerment

Needs analysis

Burundi's economy is weak and not diversified. The contribution of the industry sector to

the GDP is only around 18%. Agriculture, which engages more than 90% of the popula-

tion, still represents less than 40% of GDP (mostly coffee and tea). Agriculture which

makes up the most important source of income in rural Burundi , faces numerous chal-

lenges including both climate change and variability, land constraints (due to population

pressure), limited access to technology (the 2015 NCA baseline study shows that while

53% of youth master SMS, only 13% of youth master basic internet use, and even less

master document writing and e-mail) and appropriate farming techniques. The country in

general and the target population in particular needs to find new alternatives to increase

their income. The alternative could be linked to agriculture value chain development or

be non-agriculture based entrepreneurship.

However, business development in Burundi is constrained by several factors: lack of en-

trepreneurship culture in the population, lack of skills and information about how to cre-

ate, manage and maintain a business, low use of new technologies, lack of assets and

access to capital and credit, the regulatory environment, and weak marketing strategies.

Corruption is also a challenge to business development, which not only leads to lack of

transparency in market procurement but also creates unequal access to different produc-

tion factors such as capital and land.

In addition to the above mentioned constraints, NCA target group (women, youth and

Batwa) face particular challenges, linked mostly to social norms and practices. These in-

clude unequal gender roles, excessive alcohol consumption, lack of family planning, un-

safe sexual practices leading to HIV and early pregnancies and early marriages for girls.

Alcohol consumption is a barrier to access and/or maintain capital as men and women

spend their funds on alcohol rather than investing in income generating activities.

Women and girls face particular challenges to succeed and advance economically. In Bu-

rundi social and cultural expectations limit the role of most women in society to that of a

housewife and domestic care givers and implicitly exclude women as potential entrepre-

neurs. Household responsibilities increase with the number of children, and early mar-

riages and pregnancy inhibit girls' chances to be engaged in economic activities. The

2015 baseline study confirmed the unequal distribution of domestic tasks in Kirundo and

Bujumbura. Moreover, most of women and Batwa are limited in their business ambitions

by illiteracy. For Batwa, another specific challenge for raising their level of entrepreneur-

ship is their lack of self-esteem as well as their low level of education.

Programme goal and theory of change

The goal of the economic empowerment programme is to secure sustainable entrepre-

neurship opportunities for women, youth and Batwa in the provinces of Kirundo and Bu-

jumbura rural.

This goal will be achieved if the following key preconditions are in place:

1. Target communities, especially youth, Batwa and women, develop

knowledge, skills and positive attitude towards the creation, the man-


agement and maintenance of entrepreneurial enterprises, both in agricul-

ture and non-agricultural entrepreneurial activities.

2. Target communities access capital to start and scale up their business

ideas. Community Saving and loans groups are operational and able to mobilize

funds from within and to support individual or collective business initiatives, and

later on linked up to Microfinance institutions or banks.

3. Youth, women and Batwa access local and/or national markets with

competitive products. Access to information on pricing and adequate infrastruc-

ture (roads, market space10, etc.) is a precondition for competitive products to ac-

cess markets.

4. Prevalent gender and social norms are favourable for the economic em-

powerment of women, youth and Batwa. This relates to rights holders own

confidence as well as communities' attitudes.

Programme description

The key components of this programme are 1) to promote entrepreneurship and enable

value addition on products and, 2) enable access to capital and markets, and 3) address

norms constraining economic activities of women, youth and Batwa.

The main strategies to achieve this will be through training and mobilisation of rights

holders, media campaigns and advocacy. As many of the enterprises to be developed will

depend on agricultural produce and the availability of water, the programme will work in

close synergy with the climate resilience and WASH programmes. While the Climate resil-

ience programme will seek to increase production, the Economic Empowerment will seek,

in the case of agri-business, to increase the value of the agricultural produce (through

improved processing, conservation, packaging, labelling and marketing) and to access

the market, both locally and nationally. As to the links between the Economic Empow-

erment and the WASH programmes, the latter will seek to sensitize business areas (mar-

ket spaces, processing factories, etc.) to appropriate hygiene and sanitation practices.

In addition to illiteracy and lack of time due to housework, lack of skills was seen by

many respondents (25%) as a barrier to business development. To promote entrepre-

neurship and enable value addition, NCA and partners will increase the capacity of youth,

women and Batwa on business development and management, market opportunity anal-

ysis and marketing skills. This will be done through cooperation with a resource partner,

the Burundi Business Incubator (BBIN), which is specialized in the promotion of entre-

preneurship and ABS, specialized in Agriculture development, with an emphasis on the

use of modern technology such as computers and mobile phones where possible. The

programme will also use media, community facilitators, cultural activities and sport to

foster a culture of entrepreneurship and self-employment in the communities.

64% of respondents in the 2015 baseline study stated that access to capital was a barrier

to business development. To address the lack of capital, the programme will encourage

rights holders to organise into loan and saving groups (IKIGA, literary meaning “grana-

ry”), in order to increase the possibility of accessing capital for investment in small and

10 But as market space building is often too expensive, NCA would focus on market space sanitation in the WASH programme, and would limits, , its work in EE programme at sensitizing communities and local authori-ties to rehabilitate their market space themselves.


medium size enterprises. NCA Burundi will collaborate with NCA Tanzania for experience

sharing with the VICOBA members and initiators. These enterprises could be established

either by individual members of the groups or as cooperatives of more than one person.

To address challenges with market access and the regulatory environment, NCA and

partners will carry out advocacy, particularly together with religious leaders and net-

works, on barriers to entrepreneurship development in general and around business eth-

ics, corruption in particular. The advocacy will be based on research to identify the im-

pact of corruption and other regulatory and administrative barriers which limit the possi-

bility of establishing and expanding businesses or reduce market access.

Finally, to address social norms and practices in order to create enabling factors for

business development for youth, women, and Batwa, NCA and partners will use the RE-

FLECT methodology to develop the skills, knowledge, and perceptions of the community

in general and rights holders in particular on issues such as gender roles, HIV, illiteracy,

family planning and alcohol abuse. The rate of schooling of Batwa children is low com-

pared to others (the 2015 baseline study showed that 77% of Batwa boys, and 56% of

Batwa girls are in school). Batwa will also be sensitized to increase the rates of children’s

education.


6.2. Global Programme: Climate Resilience

Needs analysis

The impact of global warming and poorer yields in combination with the fact that 40 % of

Burundi's GDP is based on agriculture makes the country vulnerable and at high risk of

climate change. Negative effects such as exacerbated child malnutrition and increased

dependence on humanitarian aid could be the direct effects. Experiences from NCA's

work on food production in Kirundo and Bujumbura rural in the last three years have

shown the extent of weather dependence for agricultural production. Research predicts

annual precipitation losses of 50–100 mm from the year 2000 to 2050 in the northern

(especially Kirundo) and eastern provinces, areas that already have a history of intermit-

tent drought. From 1998 to 2005, 35 % of livestock died due to drought, and a vast ma-

jority of respondents (90%) to the NCA baseline study stated that they had seen changes

in the patterns and amounts of rainfall over the past decade. The data suggests a need

for drought-tolerant agricultural technologies and natural resource management in these

regions. On the other hand, annual precipitation is predicted to increase by up to 200

mm in the western provinces (including Bujumbura rural), and by more than 200 mm in

the rest of the country (ibid). This could be favourable for crop production, but, as seen

in February 2014, it increases the risk of flooding and landslides with resulting loss of

lives.

Reasons for the slow improvement in agricultural production over the last decade in-

cludes soil degradation, limited arable land in the face of a mounting demographic pres-

sure (only 36% of Burundi is arable land) , poor farming techniques and limited access to

quality farming inputs such as quality seeds and fertilizers. Land management is unstruc-

tured, and people often do not know the exact borders or size of their land (58% of men,

25 % of women know the borders of their land according to the 2015 baseline study). At

the same time, there are opportunities: marshes, if drained and well managed, could be

made available for farming, and the numerous lakes provide opportunities for irrigation

and fisheries both in Kirundo and Bujumbura rural.

Water and land management, including small scale irrigation, land management plan-

ning, and marshes exploitation will be crucial to respond to the problems above and as

the baseline study shows some prior knowledge on these topics in the provinces Kirundo

and Bujumbura rural exists already .


The goal of this programme is to build communities’ resilience to climate change in Ki-

rundo and Bujumbura rural. This will be achieved if the following preconditions are in

place:

1. Key infrastructures such as roads, houses, schools and soil, are protected

and more resilient to climate change. As pointed out in the 2015 World Bank

vulnerability assessment, access to infrastructure, and implementing risk mitigation

standards in daily life and during crisis is essential for resilience and in particular the

ability to spring back from disasters.

2. Knowledge of climate change and weather extremes and coping mechanisms

is increased and applied by farming communities. Availability of up-to-date


information and ownership of knowledge within communities is essential for

sustainability of results.

3. Farming inputs (seeds, fertilisers, techniques) are available and accessible

to farmers. This is essential to achieve food security and an increase of such a scale

that a surplus is possible. Food security is essential in Kirundo and Bujumbura as

much of the family’s livelihoods depends upon agriculture.

4. Soil, land and water (rain and lakes) management and protection are

improved. The agricultural sector in both Kirundo and Bujumbura rural is highly

vulnerable to shock, the population vulnerable to flooding and landslides so

communities must be trained to mitigate risks.

5. Institutional capacity for response to climate change and variability is

enhanced. It is the responsibility of the state to protect its citizens, through for

instance early warning systems and contingency plans. Governmental institutions

enhance capacity and public functions in regards to risk mitigation.


The program aims for increased sustainability and resilience of agriculture. NCA and

partners will in-crease the know-how and access to information on agricultural practices

and climate risks, risk and resilience methodologies. The availability of information on

climate change, the development of early warning system or communication approach as

well as a drought/flood response and mitigation practices such as contingency plans con-

stitute key elements of climate change adaptation and resilience. The 2015 baseline

study shows that little information on climate change is available in the communities

(less than 20%) and that few communities have a contingency plan (less than 5%). A bi-

annual national symposium (which has not previously been held in Burundi) will bring

civil society actors, practitioners, researchers and government officials together to raise

awareness and discuss practical recommendations for the way forward. The REFLECT

method will be used to promote dialogue and learning in communities, supported by the

above-mentioned research.

To improve agriculture, NCA and partners will support local institutions to revive and

strengthen the capacity and engagement of local seeds centres. These provide selected

seeds and plants, transfer knowledge on seed production and regeneration and ensure

the availability of pest management practices. Livestock farming will enhance the availa-

bility of organic fertilisers. NCA will also ensure communities ownership by setting up

community task forces (TF) which will support the communities in mitigating and re-

sponding to disasters.

NCA and partners will document and ensure dialogue between farmers (REFLECT groups)

and local institutions (and present findings in the bi annual symposium) on climate-smart

techniques including appropriate and affordable irrigations mechanisms such as drip and

pot irrigation, seed priming, micro dosing, crop rotation, and watershed management

such as afforestation, anti-erosion and rain water retention. Promotion of new techniques

by committed farmers who can act as role models will promote peer-to-peer learning and

scale-up of initiatives. The use of low-cost and available technology such as mobile

phones will be promoted for communication. However NCA will also explore the possibil-

ity of using marshes for agriculture through participatory sustainable management sys-

tems. For infrastructure development and protection, NCA will sometimes work opera-

tionally, but in all cases community ownership is essential to ensure sustainability


through maintenance. As population pressure on land is one of the problems for sustain-

able land management, family planning is one of the issues that will be touched upon in

the REFLECT discussions, during capacity building of farmers on different technics.

6.3. Global Programme: Water, Sanitation and Hygiene

Needs analysis

At the national level, 73% of the population has access to an improved water source. The

numbers are lower in rural areas, in Kirundo province, for instance, only 36% of the pop-

ulation access an improved water source. About 55% of the population uses unimproved

latrines in Burundi, most of which are open holes. In rural areas this figure amounts to

58%, against 25% in urban areas. For Batwa, the figure is even higher: 64% use unim-

proved toilets and another 12% practice open defecation (against 2% for the total popu-

lation). The percentage of Batwa of those practicing open defecation is even higher in

Kirundo, at nearly 20%. This structural deficiency is exacerbated by the lack of

knowledge and training on the use and maintenance of water and sanitation infrastruc-

tures. Funding is also an issue: often the institutions responsible for maintenance do not

have the finances necessary.

The effect is a high prevalence of waterborne diseases in Burundi. The 2010 DHS survey

found that 25% of children under five had at least one diarrhoea episode in the two

weeks prior to the survey.

As an agriculture-based economy, access to water is important, but also under pressure.

The persistent deforestation of common land threatens watersheds, and erosion and run-

off reduces the recharge of ground water. The situation is further complicated by changes

in precipitation patterns. The synergies between access to water and sanitation and the

other programmes are strong: climate resilience is needed for sustainable access to wa-

ter, and WASH infrastructure is a prerequisite both for sustainable agricultural develop-

ment and improved productivity as well as business viability (hygiene and sanitation are

key to market places and other business areas).


The overall goal of the WASH programme is to increase the level of access to adequate

and sustainable water, sanitation and hygiene services and practices for improved health

in communities of Kirundo and Bujumbura rural. This will be achieved through the follow-

ing preconditions:

1. Communities decide to enter the WASH program following a self-

assessment of the wash condition of their village; this is essential as it will

lead to ownership of the program and results. Ownership will translate in the

sustainability of the program and results.

2. Local government is involved in planning and provides direction. This is a

perquisite to achieve a positive working environment in the communities, in

particular with regards to maintenance and the potential for overall planning and

coordination. NCA’s experience is also that the involvement of local government


from the beginning is essential to avoid or solve any conflicts around the

exploitation of infrastructures.

3. Availability of and access to water and sanitation infrastructures at

household and institutional level (schools, health centres and public

markets). Access to WASH services implies not only that the services exist, but

that they are accessible and appropriate for users, including women and those

with disabilities.

4. Governmental policies on WASH services are improved and prioritized.

Advocacy for the implementation or translation of polices into practical and

concrete obligations would address the need for funding, coordination and

diminish conflict over resources.


The NCA Burundi WASH programme will be implemented with a combination of opera-

tional activity in construction of water and sanitation infrastructure (particularly in

schools in collaboration with UNICEF), awareness raising on hygiene practices and

through community mobilization around needs and possibilities for improvement.

Water committees will be established wherever infrastructures are constructed, with clear

agreements between all stakeholders on roles and responsibilities. The committees will

be gender balanced, and it is an aim for NCA Burundi that women not only participate,

but also take leadership. In schools, hygiene committees promote hygiene with peer stu-

dents, observe that the state of sanitation facilities is acceptable.

Use of the REFLECT methodology will provide an opportunity for learning and reflection

on needs and solutions, but also, through so-called “open circles” to discuss the needs

with authorities. The Community Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) methodology will also be a

key method for the programme, as it has previously proven remarkably effective in im-

proving sanitation situation in households.

Through community ownership and government involvement, NCA will encourage com-

munities to prepare strategic community plans for WASH services. The plans should pro-

vide an overview of needs and opportunities for improvement, and also facilitate mainte-

nance through reflections and prescriptions on for instance which types of water pumps

and equipment to be used. It is important for NCA that community initiatives result not

only in the maintenance of structures NCA has put in place, but that the community is

capacitated and encouraged to take own initiatives, based on their own time and labour,

to further improve their living conditions.


6.4. Contextual Programme: Gender-Based Violence

During the last 5 years, NCA Burundi has supported the work of civil society organization

in their efforts to reduce Gender-based violence (GBV). While NCA has achieved signifi-

cant results in providing holistic assistance to GBV survivors (medical, social and legal

services) through transit centers, it has been decided to phase out this support in line

with recommendations to concentrate interventions thematically for more impact.

Transition from the current strategy (ending 2015) to the new one (2016-2020) requires

that the transit centers are able to raise funds. During a transition period of 2 years NCA

will support the activities of two centers in parallel with assisting them with fund raising

to find other donors. One of the centers is in Kirundo, run by AFEV, and the other one in

Bujumbura, run by ADDF. These centers will provide legal, medical as well as psycho-

social services to survivors, including shelter.

Moreover, NCA and partners will continue to work on the community reintegration of GBV

survivors and link them to women economic empowerment projects and initiatives if they

come from Kirundo and Bujumbura rural.


7. Emergency preparedness and response

Burundi is a fragile country that has not managed to build a peaceful bridge between the

decade-long civil war (1993-2005) to the democratic and stable state as outlined in the

Arusha peace agreement.

The 2015 elections that were rejected by both national and international community led

to an uncertain political situation. NCA and partners will keep updating the Emergency

and Preparedness Response Plan (EPRP) developed in collaboration with ACT Alliance

members (ACT) in order to be able to respond timely to an emergency situation. In line

with this plan, NCA will focus on Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) while the other

ACT members will plan for intervention in Food and Non-food support; Health and Protec-

tion; Shelter and Settlement; Peacebuilding and Community support. Probable and pos-

sible events in neighbouring countries that could affect Burundi will been taken into ac-

count in the plan.

Further, the NCA long-term programmes will mitigate natural disasters, through enhanc-

ing community resilience. In the two last years, Burundi has had two serious landslides,

one that took more than 150 lives, with many more loosing their land and assets. Essen-

tial infrastructures (such as roads, water distribution and sanitation) were damaged and

put the affected population in danger, particularly due to open defecation. The climate

resilience and WASH programmes will reduce the risks associated with landslides in the

geographical areas of interventions and if any natural crises happen, NCA Burundi with

WASH components and the other ACT members’ interventions will strive to be prepared

to assist the affected population. In the case of a landslide or other natural disasters,

NCA will procure materials needed locally. The most urgent materials described in the

EPRP will be in stock or within reach. A mobile water purification system is pre stored and

shared with NCA DRC.

In the case of emergencies, NCA Burundi will deploy the permanent WASH and pro-

gramme staff with support from NCA Head Office and / or other NCA offices. NCA is ca-

pable of doing conflict sensitive analysis and planning for WASH, monitoring and report-

ing in emergencies. Further training is planned with other ACT partners on preparation

and implementation of gender and conflict sensitive emergency interventions, as well as

training on security in an unstable political context, for instance on how to share infor-

mation and be protected.


8. Finance and funding

Official development assistance (ODA) to Burundi has remained steady over the past four

years, totalling $546.3 millions in 2013. The top gross donors for Burundi that year were

Belgium, European Union institutions, the United States, the Netherlands and Germa-

ny11. There are fewer traditional bilateral donors in Burundi, possibly because it’s a

country often overshadowed by its larger neighbours with protracted crises.

Due to the current political crisis and increased insecurity, several important donors, in-

cluding the European Union12, Belgium, the USA and Germany have suspended their aid

to Burundi to increase international pressure and end the current violence and political

impasse. This withdrawal will not, for the most part, affect aid to civil society organisa-

tions. In fact, funding trends indicate that development aid to civil society is proportion-

ately higher in more fragile contexts13, where the state is weaker and the needs tend to

be greater. Accessing these funds is increasingly competitive owing the fewer number of

donors in Burundi.

In the past, NCA Burundi heavily relied on Norwegian institutional donors (74% in the

previous strategic period). UNICEF, which represented 11% of NCA Burundi's funding,

will continue to be an important donor, particularly with regard to WASH. NCA Burundi

will prioritise diversifying its funding base and has mapped and targeted new donors for

this strategic period (see Annex 5). NCA Burundi will begin the new strategic period with

partially secured funding for its Economic Empowerment program with funding from

UNICEF which started early 2015 and will last until April 2016. While this is an important

foundation for the future, efforts will be made to raise funds for all three programs to

safeguard sustainability and foster program growth.

Sectors which bilateral donors prioritise in Burundi include agriculture & food security

(10%), education (10%), water & sanitation (10%), sexual and reproductive health and

HIV/AIDS (18%), humanitarian aid (8%), and the environment (2%). Given the current

political crisis and insecurity, which has increased the need for humanitarian aid, NCA

Burundi foresees that humanitarian funding will increase in the near future. The most

recent figure from 2012 shows that humanitarian funding focused on funds for emergen-

cy food aid. Funding trends include collaboration in consortia and scaling innovative pro-

grams. NCA will therefore prioritise applying funds in collaboration with other agencies

and ACT Alliance members and collaborate with forward-thinking partners.

NCA's programmatic choices align with donor interests and the needs of the population,

particularly with regard to economic empowerment and climate resilience. Based on this,

NCA Burundi expects that each programme will maintain current donors and attract new

ones. Due to the relatively limited number of donors in Burundi, however, slow-to-

modest growth per program each year is expected, with the exception of humanitarian

assistance, which could increase more steadily.

11https://public.tableau.com/views/AidAtAGlance_Recipients/Recipients?:embed=n&:showTabs=y&:display_count=no?&:showVizHome=no#1 12http://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2015/may/12/eu-suspends-2m-aid-burundi-violent-crackdown-political-protests 13http://www.baobab.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/BBAidTrends2015.pdf

https://public.tableau.com/views/AidAtAGlance_Recipients/Recipients?:embed=n&:showTabs=y&:display_count=no?&:showVizHome=no#1

https://public.tableau.com/views/AidAtAGlance_Recipients/Recipients?:embed=n&:showTabs=y&:display_count=no?&:showVizHome=no#1

http://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2015/may/12/eu-suspends-2m-aid-burundi-violent-crackdown-political-protests


http://www.baobab.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/BBAidTrends2015.pdf


Forecasted income

Year 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Total

Pro-

grammes

CR 6 074 280 6 500 000 9 000 000 11 000 000 6 074 280 38 648 560

EE 3 570 484 6 500 000 9 000 000 9 500 000 9 500 000 38 070 484

WASH 3 795 688 4 000 000 4 000 000 4 500 000 4 000 000 20 295 688

GBV 1 559 548 1 000 000 2 559 548

Grand Total 15 000 000 18 000 000 22 000 000 25 000 000 25 000 000 105 000 000


9. Monitoring and evaluation

Monitoring principles and practices

- NCA Burundi has started to use mobile technology (smart phones and tablets) for

monitoring, which will be continued and expanded in this period. This saves time

and makes the data available and useable in a much more effective way.

- While NCA monitors projects, it is important that partners also have the capacity

and motivation to do systematic monitoring of their activities. NCA will encourage

partners to develop their respective monitoring tools, based on harmonization

and a common understanding of the information needed both by partners and

NCA.

- A lesson learnt from the previous period was that partners need space for

exchanging experiences both among themselves and with NCA staff. Therefore

one of the principles for monitoring for NCA Burundi is self and peer assessment

for learning. NCA’s experience is that this also creates a competitive atmosphere

in a friendly and positive way.

- The monitoring process should be inclusive and participatory, involving right

holders as much as possible. In addition to monitoring project indicators, NCA will

also monitor the level of conflict in the communities where we work, and how our

interventions influence, and are influenced by, conflict.

- While project monitoring is important, it should not compromise the safety of

staff or rights holders. Should the case arrive that insecurity prohibits direct

monitoring, remote monitoring through phones and reports will be implemented

temporarily.

Evaluations

Systematic monitoring of projects will be done on a quarterly basis, but support and

coaching of partners will be continuous. In line with the NCA evaluation policy, a pro-

gramme evaluation is planned for the end of the programme cycle. In addition to this, an

internal evaluation workshop will be held in January of each year and the proceedings

inform the methods and strategies of following year. All evaluation will be based on plan-

ning documents, and take into account the data from the baseline study for comparison.


10. Organisational prerequisites

Competence development

Although the staff at the Burundi office are relatively “young” in NCA, with nine out of 15

recruited the last three years, they are experienced in programme management, moni-

toring and evaluation, networking and capacity building. In addition, all the relevant staff

has good relationships with the government and local administration in the geographical

areas of intervention. Finance staff is competent in using the NCA tools, internal control

as well as monitoring of partners and their capacity development. Daily procurements

and logistics are ensured by the NCA Burundi administration’s staff while a qualified pro-

curement committee is in place for extensive purchases (e.g. WASH programme). All

current staff is trained in Do No Harm, accountability, gender, advocacy and NCA specific

tools.

NCA will strengthen the capacity of current staff and partners in programme themes such

as value chain development, climate change and variability risks assessment tools, sav-

ing and loan approach to entrepreneurship funding, as well as business development and

management (business plan). NCA will also train/strengthen the capacity of its staff and

partners on the CLTS approach (see WASH), though they have already some knowledge

on it.

Fundraising is an area where NCA in Burundi needs to strengthen its capacity, with sup-

port from HO funding advisers.

Human resource needs

NCA in Burundi has 15 national staff and one expatriate who cover most of the required

competences although some staff will have some new tasks in their job descriptions.

Support will also be provided by the regional adviser on economic development based in

Dar es Salam and head office advisors. However, to ensure results NCA foresees that two

employ two new people with professional competences in economic empowerment and

climate resilience. They will either be recruited by NCA or shared with an ACT sister or-

ganisation. The NCA WASH staff will also increase on a cost share basis with other organ-

isation. All costs will be linked to specific WASH funding granted to NCA or collaborating

organisations14.

Cost effectiveness

NCA Burundi and the ACT Alliance member Christian Aid currently share offices, and will

further elaborate a plan on how to share staff and tangible equipment. Discussions are

also on-going around the possibilities of joint programme implementation for more im-

pact and cost saving.

NCA in Burundi is testing a time billing system where all relevant staff indicates per day

use of time per activity / project in order to investigate whether this could be a tool for

control and planning. Similarly investments in material and vehicles for monitoring will be

allocated to projects/activities and years, making it easier to evaluate real costs of re-

sults. This is in line with the recommendations in the mid term review from 2014.

14 Today NCA has a WASH collaboration with ZOA, a Netherland based INGO


Many of the local partner organisations are quite weak, and NCA will need to work closely

with them on capacity building and monitoring, both programmatic and financial to avoid

misuse of funds and corruption. Given the current political situation in Burundi, security

measures and management will also be quite costly.


11. Risk management

Please see below for a short description of strategic, financial and operational risks, as

well as hazards, threatening programme implementation.

Strategic

The main strategic risks for the programme include a low level of decentralization, which

leads to weak local government structures. With the political conflict around the 2015

elections, several donors, which have financed up to 50% of the national budget, have

frozen their contributions. Given that other revenues and tax collection are similarly

compromised by the conflict, keeping economic activity at an absolute minimum, even

small maintenances and repairs for instance of water points and latrines in schools will be

at risk. This is mitigated by the commitment that both local administration and their pop-

ulation have towards improving their lives.

NCA will strategically try to provide support not only to civil society but also to key gov-

ernment institutions to ensure that they deliver on their duty to meet public services de-

mands. As NCA would not be able to replace other institutional funding of the govern-

ment, efforts will be made to coordinate with other international organizations working in

our geographic areas of concentration in order to advice for more support to these local

government institutions and strengthen their capacity.

The population in the programme areas struggle for land and land rights, and it is possi-

ble that this situation will be worse considering the 2015 political crisis. People who

sought refuge in neighbouring countries will at some point come back and reclaim their

lands, which could lead to conflict. It will also be harder to build on the investments in

people made to date, as many of those who have received training have fled the country.

Financial

Burundi’s economy is on the brink to collapse. Inflation is higher than expected and the

national currency loosing value towards international currencies. Needs for funds increase

and the inclination towards fraud and corruption is on the rise, combined with nepotism

to protect the actions. NCA will therefore need close monitoring both with regards to im-

plementation of activities and financial management. NCA will ensure that all partners

use standard accounting systems, and that the organisations’ management is a stake-

holder on financial management. NCA will also set up programme with other international

NGOs (for instance CARE), to emphasize issues linked to fraud, corruption and business

ethics with partners. Transparency International is willing to assist.

Given the unstable socio-political situation, which has escalated into serious conflicts,

funding for long- term programmes could be compromised through an increased focus on

emergency interventions.

Operational

Programme implementation depends on NCA and partners’ internal capacity in terms of

staffing as well as the choice of resource partners , as some of the activities will require

new resources, see also chapter 10.


With new programmatic areas, the risk of having under- or over-estimated targets in-

creases. To mitigate this risk, parts of the first year will be used for training and relation-

ship-building with new partners.

The political situation increases the risk of reduced focus by staff members and partner

organisations, and limits movement within Bujumbura and between regions. The ACT

alliance is currently developing a joint EPRP to mitigate risks, but being lead for this pro-

cess, NCA risks that it will be time-consuming and take focus away from other activities.

Actions to mitigate or decrease these risks include management training on security, the

use of MoUs in partner programmes to focus more on the operational capacity of part-

ners, including finance.

Hazards

Hazards that threaten programmes include the unstable political situation with increasing

numbers of refugees and IDPs, unpredictable heavy rain that can cause natural disasters

(landslides, flooding), drought and crop destruction.


List of References

- Amnesty international, Braving Bullets Excessive force in Policing demonstrations

in Burundi, Index: AFR 16/2100/2015

- The World Bank (2015) Burundi Vulnerability Assessment. Report No: AUS6966

- 2010 DHS Survey : Institut de Statistiques et d’Études Économiques du Burundi

(ISTEEBU), Ministère de la Santé Publique et de la Lutte contre le Sida [Burundi]

(MSPLS), et ICF International (2012) Enquête Démographique et de Santé

Burundi 2010. Bujumbura, Burundi : ISTEEBU, MSPLS, et ICF International.

- United Nations Development Programme (2014), 2014 Human development

report: Sustaining Human Progress: Reducing Vulnerabilities and Building

Resilience. http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr14-report-en-1.pdf

- Sterck, O. (2015) “The Burundi crisis: Local Grievances, Ethnicity, and the

Economy” Blog. http://blogs.csae.ox.ac.uk/2015/06/the-burundi-crisis-local-

grievances-ethnicity-and-the-economy/

- CREDES-Bdi (2015) “Analyse secondaire des données WASH: Baseline study for

Kirundo” Norwegian Church Aid.

- Ntahontuye, N. and Le Centre de Recherche, de Planification et de Suivi-

Evaluation (CRPSE) (2014) « Rapport de l’evaluation a mi-parcours des

programmes : Femme, Paix et Sécurité ; et Violence communautaire et contrôle

des armes légères » Norwegian Church Aid.

- Baramburiye, J., Kyotalimye, M., Thomas, T.S. and Waithaka, M. (2012)

“Burundi” iWaithaka, M., Nelson, G.C, Thomas, T.S., Kyotalimye, M. (eds) (2012)

East African Agriculture and Climate Change: A Comprehensive Analysis,

International Food and Policy Research Institute.

- Buzingo, D. (2015) «Etude sur la situation sociale, economique et politique des

Batwa du Burundi» Norwegian Church Aid (NCA) and Unissons-Nous Pour la

Promotion des Batwa (UNIPROBA)

- CIA (2015) CIA World Factbook Burundi:

https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/by.html, last

accessed 10/08/2015

- The Guardian (2015) “EU suspends €2m aid to Burundi amid violent crackdown

on political protests” The Guardian online12 May 2015:

http://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2015/may/12/eu-suspends-

2m-aid-burundi-violent-crackdown-political-protests . Last accessed 10 Aug

2015.

- Transparency International (2014) “Corruption Perception Index”

https://www.transparency.org/cpi2014/results. Last accessed 10 Aug 2015.

- Plateforme Nationale de Prévention des Risques et de Gestion des Catastrophes

(PNPRGC), (2014) “Burundi : analyse des facteurs de risques, évaluation des

dommages et propositions pour un relèvement et une reconstruction durables :

Evaluation rapide conjointe suite à la catastrophe des 9-10 février 2014 aux

alentours de Bujumbura »

- Foy, D. (2014) “Burundi Faces Challenges Beyond Elections”, Gallup

http://www.gallup.com/poll/183047/burundi-faces-challenges-beyond-

elections.aspx. Last accessed 12.08.2015 NCA feasibility study

- Norwegian Church Aid (NCA) (2015) “2011-2014 Burundi Four Year Report”

Norwegian Church Aid.

- Norwegian Church Aid (NCA) (2014) “Feasibility Study for working with youth

platforms in Burundi”. Norwegian Church Aid

http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr14-report-en-1.pdf

http://blogs.csae.ox.ac.uk/2015/06/the-burundi-crisis-local-grievances-ethnicity-and-the-economy/

http://blogs.csae.ox.ac.uk/2015/06/the-burundi-crisis-local-grievances-ethnicity-and-the-economy/

https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/by.html



https://www.transparency.org/cpi2014/results

http://www.gallup.com/poll/183047/burundi-faces-challenges-beyond-elections.aspx

http://www.gallup.com/poll/183047/burundi-faces-challenges-beyond-elections.aspx


- Norwegian Church Aid (NCA) (2013) “2012 Kirundo Baseline Study” Norwegian

Church Aid.

- Collins, Christy; Magnani, Rich; and Ngomirakiza, Evelyn. 2013 “USAID Office of

Food For Peace Food Security Country Framework for Burundi (FY 2014–FY

2019”). Washington, D.C.: FHI 360/FANTA.

- Karsi, Elif. The Relationship Between Women's Household Responsibilities and

Commute Lengths: A Study on Women in the United States and Great Britain.

ProQuest, 2008.

- Nkengurutse, L. (2015) “The Political crisis leaves Burundi on the Brink of

Economic Collapse” African Arguments at

http://africanarguments.org/2015/07/20/the-political-crisis-leaves-burundi-on-

the-brink-of-economic-collapse-by-lorraine-nkengurutse/ Last accessed at

12.08.2015.

- OECD - DAC ; http://www.oecd.org/dac/stats

- BAfD, OCDE, PNUD, CEA, Perspectives économiques en Afrique, 2012

- Baobab, CIVIL SOCIETY AID TRENDS 2015, Briefing No 3 ,


- Rapport sectorielle eau et assainissement 2012

- Inventaire National de l’Eau et de l’Assainissement , 2011

- OCHA, Burundi: Humanitarian Partners’ Presence - Who, What, Where (August

2015)

- The World Bank (2014), Burundi Vulnerability assessment

http://africanarguments.org/2015/07/20/the-political-crisis-leaves-burundi-on-the-brink-of-economic-collapse-by-lorraine-nkengurutse/

http://africanarguments.org/2015/07/20/the-political-crisis-leaves-burundi-on-the-brink-of-economic-collapse-by-lorraine-nkengurutse/

http://www.oecd.org/dac/stats



Annex 1: Map showing project areas

Kirundo


Annex 2: Partner information

Burundi partner portfolio is a mix of FBOs (5), CSOs (7) and private sector (1). Among

these partners, 3 of them are considered as resource partners whose role capacity build-

ing and knowledge transfer to other partners in relation to required expertise for out

three programmes. For the WASH programme, we will use the direct implementation

approach as we realized that using partners brings a lot of challenges, especially regard-

ing construction.

Name of partner 1: Communauté des Eglises de Pentecôte au Burundi (CEPBU).

Type FBO

Year of establishment 1975

Legal Status Registered National NGO

Number of employees 112

Number of members 913 476, grouped into 15 churches

Management structure General Assembly, Board, Executive Committee

Membership in Networks UKIAMKA (Ushirika wa Makanisa la Kipentekoste kwa Afrika ya Mashariki na

Kaskazini), a network of Pentecostal Churches of East African and central

African regions, gathering Burundi, RD Congo, Rwanda, Uganda, Kenya,

South Soudan, Ethiopia and Tanzania

Consortium HUMURA : A network of churches and faith based organizations

against HIV/AIDS

Financial foundation Donor based fundng as well as own funds

Cooperation with local govern-

ment

Very good cooperation

Mission Develop and promote the integral welfare of human dignity and spiritual

integrity.

Geographic Focus All the provinces

Start of cooperation with NCA 2012

Thematic/Global programme

area (technical expertise):

Climate resilience

Rationale for NCA's partnership

with this organisation

A good FBO with nationwide structures (through its churches) which can be

very useful for community mobilization and advocacy.

Division of labour between NCA

and partner (added value each

brings):

All project activities in the field will be implemented by the partner and the

role of NCA is mainly capacity building, coaching and financial support

Donors, other than NCA PMU (Swedish Pentecostal Church), FIDA International (A Finish FBO), Cor-

daid, Hope International


Name of partner 2: Organisation Diocésaine pour l’Entraide et le Développement Intégral de

Muyinga (ODEDIM)

Type FBO, linked to the Catholic Diocese of Muyinga


Legal Status Registered as a national NGO


Number of members 20 Parishes

Management structure General Assembly , Board, Executive Committee

Membership in Networks It’s a member of CARITAS Burundi Network

Financial foundation Based on Donor funding


ment


Mission To contribute to the comprehensive development of the population of

Muyinga, without any form of discrimination based on religions, sex, ethnici-

ty or origin, though the foundation of this development work lies in the

Christian perspective.

Geographic Focus Muyinga and Kirundo (all 2 provinces make up the Diocese of Muyinga)




Climate Resilience



Experience in promoting community development, especially food security,

though community cooperatives. The other reason is its rootedness in the

communities. Moreover, the partnership is motivated by the will for NCA to

strengthen its cooperation with Faith based organizations in countries where

we work



brings):


role of NCA is mainly capacity building, coaching and financial support.

Donors, other than NCA CRS, UNICEF, WFP, Global Fund, FAO, CORDAID, IFDC, Caritas International

Belgium

Name of partner 3: The Anglican Church of Burundi

TYPE FBO


Legal Status Registered as National NGO

Number of employees 114 (including staff in churches)

Number of members 7 Dioceses

Management structure Bishops College, Executive Committee

Membership in Networks The Anglican Church is member of ACTALLIANCE and of the Interfaith Plat-

form (CICB) and, together with the Catholic Church, is known for his advo-

cacy work on peace building at national level, in addition to its traditional

role in community development


Financial foundation Donor funding and own funds


ment


Mission To impact people's lives with God's saving, redeeming and transforming love

Geographic Focus National

Start of cooperation with NCA 2016.



Climate Resilience



Experience in promoting community development, especially food security.

The other reason is its rootedness in the communities. Moreover, the part-

nership is motivated by the will for NCA to strengthen its cooperation with

Faith based organizations in countries where we work



brings):


role of NCA is mainly capacity building, coaching and financial support. For

this organisation, NCA will use the score card, recently developed at HO, to

build its capacity in order to make it more stronger and influential actors in

the society

Donors, other than NCA Christian Aid, Trinity Church, The Anglican Alliance for Development, relief

and Advocacy, the Anglian Board of Mission

Name of partner 4: Commission Episcole Justice et Paix (CEJP) of the Catholic Church

Type FBO




Number of members 210

Management structure General Assembly, Management committee

Membership in Networks Member of COSME (Election monitoring Consortium) , member of Confer-

ence of Bishops of Central Africa (ACEAC), Symposium des conférences

épiscopales d'Afrique et de Madagascar (SCEAM), the Interfaith Platform

(CICB),

Financial foundation Based on donor funding


ment

Good cooperation, though they disagreed with the National Government on

the current elections.

Mission Contributing to Peace, good governance and justice in the country





Economic Empowerment - Advocacy



It is a strategic partner with very strong advocacy capacity and capability to

pull other faiths.

Division of labour between NCA It will mostly carry out advocacy on key barriers to market and economic



brings):

empowerment such as corruption

Donors, other than NCA Secours Catholique de France, MISEREOR, Développement et Paix Canada,

MMM Hollande, Justice et Paix Pays-Bas, IFES, AGH (German NGO), CAFOD,

SCIAF

Name of partner 5: Conseil National des Eglises du Burundi (CNEB)

Type FBO




Number of members 13 CHURCHES

Management structure General Assembly, Executive Committee, Finance

Membership in Networks It the Interfaith Platform (CICB), ACTALLIANCE, the World Council of

Churches, the Fellowship of Christian Councils and Churches in the Great

Lakes and Horn of Africa (FECCLAHA), ACTALLIANCE,PEACE ONE DAY

Financial foundation Donor based funding


ment


Mission capacity building, improving the network, commitment to have advocacy

and lobbying, promoting partnership with CNEB, reinforcing ecumenical rela-

tionship through having strong relationship with other church-

es/denominations and religions both within and outside Burundi; promoting

the sharing of information at both the internal and external level, mobiliza-

tion of necessary resources, sensitizing the gender sensitivity;





Climate Resilience – Advocacy



Experience and legitimacy in the advocacy work. It has a lot of connections

and is respected by national authorities.



brings):

This organisation is key to national advocacy. In order to strengthen this

role, NCA will use the score card, recently developed at HO, to build its ca-

pacity in order to make it more stronger and influential actors in the society

Donors, other than NCA UNICEF,ICCO Cooperation, World Council of Churches

Name of partner 6: Œuvre Humanitaire pour la Protection et le Développement de l’Enfant en

Difficulté (OPDE)

Type CSO


Legal Status Registered National NGO



Number of members

Management structure General Assembly (GA), Board, and Management Team

Membership in networks Platform of organisations and institutions asssiting street children; Dynamo

International

Financial foundation Donors and own funds


ment


Mission To defend children’s rights; promote the global development of vulnerable

children; and, promote a spirit of solidarity, understanding and unity among

children in difficult situations.

Geographic Focus Bujumbura, Ngozi, Gitega and Kayanza;

Start of Cooperation 2008



Economic Empowerment – for youth



This organization has a long experience in youth empowerment and has

been running a vocation training Centre for decades with funding from dif-

ferent donors



brings):

The partner’s role is the implementation of all project activities while the

role of NCA is to provide financial support and technical accompaniment,

including capacity building and coordination with other NCA partners.

Donors, other than NCA Child Fund Deutchland, AMIE Canada, French Agency for Development, Ar-

canum Foundation, Agence Wallonne de l'Air et du Climat

Name of partner 7: Unissons-nous pour la Promotion des Batwas (UNIPROBA)

Type CSO


Legal status Registered National NGO



Management structure General Assembly, Executive Committee; control committee, Directorate

Membership in Networks Indigenous Peoples of Africa Coordinating Committee (IPACC); Indigenous

Peoples of Africa Coordinating Committee (REPALEAC), International Land

Coalition.



ment



Mission To unite the indigenous Batwa in the promotion of own rights and their so-

cio-economic and political integration.

Geographic Focus All provinces




Economic Empowerment and Climate Resilience



Experienced working with the Batwa. This is the main Indigenous people's

association and they have proven to be very successful in mobilizing Batwa

around their rights and support their empowerment, though the organisa-

tion need to improve their national advocacy strategies



brings):


role of NCA is mainly capacity building, coaching and financial support.

Donors, other than NCA Cord, Fund for Global Human Rights, Government of Burundi(Ministry of

Solidarity and Human Rights), Counterpart international

Name of partner 8: Entente Mutuelle et Solidarité (EMUSO)

Type CSO


Legal Status Registered national NGO, operating in Kirundo only



Management structure General Assembly, Executive committee

Membership in Networks Member of the Forum for strengthening Civil Society (FORSC)

Financial Foundation Donor based funding

Cooperation with local Govern-

ment


Mission To contribute to the establishment of a peaceful society, through the promo-

tion of human dignity, and a climate of truth, justice, mutual understanding

and solidarity.

Geographic Focus Kirundo province




Economic empowerment ( of women and Youth)



The main rational for cooperation with this is partner is its local knowledge

of the province of Kirundo, in addition to its experience in mobilizing com-

munities using REFLECT method. It is very known by local authorities as it

was created in that province of Kirundo. However, its internal capacity is a

challenge



brings):


role of NCA is mainly capacity building, coaching and financial support. For

this organisation, NCA will use the score card, recently developed at HO, to

build its capacity in order to make it more professional


Donors, other than NCA No other donors

Name of partner 9: Agri Business Services s.a (ABS)

Type Private Sector


Legal Status Registered as a Business company


Number of members 3 shareholders

Management structure Managed as a private company

Membership in Networks no membership

Financial foundation Shareholders and company profits


ment


Mission Developing agriculture value chain

Geographic Focus national




Climate resilience and Economic empowerment as a resource partner on

agri-business and agriculture value chain development



The main reason for this partnership is to have the organisation as a re-

source partner which would build the capacity of our partners, rights hold-

ers and staff on agriculture value chain management



brings):

The partners is a resource partner whose role is to transfer knowledge to

NCA and partners and rights holders

Donors (partners), other than

NCA

Christian Aid, ONUDI, African Development Foundation (USADF), Kilimo

Trust

Name of partner 10: Help Channel Burundi

Type CSO





Management structure

Membership in Networks It is a member of networks including Great Lakes Regional Alliance

(GLARA); Burundi Alliance; Civil Society Alliance for Scaling Up Nutrition in

Burundi; Agri-Hub Burundi




ment


Mission Working to deliver aid and development programs in rural Burundi

Geographic Focus Kirundo, Makamba, Rutana, Cibitoke and Bururi




Climate resilience



The organisation is highly experienced in community development, especial-

ly in promoting food security and value chain development, including small

scale irrigation systems. We will use this organisation’s experience as learn-

ing/experience sharing strategy for other partners.



brings):


role of NCA is mainly capacity building, coaching and financial support. The

organization will also be used as reference for other partners on climate

resilience programme


NCA

Help A Child (HAC); Canadian Food Grain Bank (CFGB) & Menonite Central

Committee (MCC); European Union; World Food Program (WFP); Food and

Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO); International Fertiliz-

ers Development Center (IFDC); Conseil pour l’Education et le Développe-

ment (COPED)

Name of partner 11: Burundi Business Incubator (BBIN)

Type CSO

Year of Establishment 2012

Leal status Registered as a national NGO


Number of members 19 founding members

Management structure General Assembly, Executive Committee and Management Team

Membership in Networks No membership in networks

Financial foundation Based on funding and own income


ment

Mission Developing entrepreneurship and business in Burundi through Capacity

Building (as an incubator)


Start of cooperation with NCA 2015 - Collaboration on the Youth empowerment project, cofounded with

UNICEF



Economic Empowerment



This is a resource partner which will train, accompany NCA partners and

beneficiaries in the area of business and entrepreneurship development




brings):

The partner will be responsible for capacity building for our partners, rights

holders and NCA staff on entrepreneurship and business development, in-

cluding the follow-up of rights holders. NCA will link it up with other partners


NCA

SPARK, BID Network, PRODEFI, PNUD, Embassy of the Netherlands

Name of partner 12: Action en Faveur des Enfants Vulnérables (AFEV)

Type CSO


Legal status Registered as a national NGOs



Management structure General Assembly, Executive committee

Membership in Networks Participates in the networks of organizations working towards the prevention

of GBV and assisting GBV survivors.



ment

Mission To save, assist and educate children and youth in extreme vulnerable situa-

tions. This is achieved through advocacy for adoption of favourable policies

for orphans, the disabled, IDPs and street children whilst providing them

with a holistic education so that they may become productive citizens. AFEV

also provides psychosocial and economic assistance to these vulnerable

categories in order to provide them with the tools to cope in their difficult

situations.

Geographic Focus Present in Bujumbura,Kirundo Bubanza, Bururi, Cibitoke and Ngozi provinc-

es




GBV (contextual programme) and Economic Empowerment



This partner has long experience working on GBV but as for the 1st year of

the strategy, it will be a phase-out process for the GBV transit centres sup-

port. It will be a transition from GBV assistance to economic empowerment

for GBV survivals and other vulnerable women, which we will collaborate on

with this partner, through the current GBV transit centres.



brings):


role of NCA is mainly capacity building, coaching and financial support

Partners, other than NCA KIYO (a Belgian ONG)


Name of partner 13: Association pour la Défense des Droits de la Femme (ADDF)

Type CSO


Legal status Registered as a national NGO



Management structure General assembly, board, management team for transit centre

Membership in Networks SPPDF



ment

Good cooperation

Mission Fighting GBV





GBV (contextual programme) and Economic Empowerment



This partner has long experience working on GBV but as for the 1st year of

the strategy, it will be a phase-out process for the GBV transit centres sup-

port. It will be a transition from GBV assistance to economic empowerment

for GBV survivals and other vulnerable women, which we will collaborate on

with this partner, through the current GBV transit centres. While the collab-

oration with this partners has experienced a lot of challenges regarding their

capacity, NCA Burundi has invested in strengthening structures and putting

in place procedures for this partner, whom NCA helped to build a Transit

Centre in Burjumbura. For the moment, with a close coaching, we see a lot

of improvement in its management.



brings):

All project activities will be implemented by the partner and the role of NCA

is mainly capacity building, coaching and financial support. For this organi-

sation, NCA plan to provide capacity building in order to achieve financial

and administrative autonomy of its GBV transit centre.

Partners, other than NCA None for the moment


Annex 3: Cross-cutting issues and strengthening civil society


Annex 4: Programme results frameworks

Annex 4.1 EE Results framework

Annex 4.2 CR results framework

Annex 4.3 Water, Sanitation and Hygiene results framework

Annex 4.4 Gender-Based Violence Results Framework

Annex 4.1

Economic Empowerment Results Framework, Burundi

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

1. Rights holders

have established

micro or small

enterprises

1.1 Number of female and

male rights holders who

have established their own

enterprises.

This indicator will be

measured from participants

in NCA and partners'

training programmes.

The baseline is 0.

It can be noted that in the 2015 baseline

study, 17% of respondents (17% of

women, 18% of men) stated that they own

enterprises that they have established

themselves.

0 500 1500 3000 4 500

1.1 Surveys

with rights

holders.

Every 3 years Program Officer

1.2 % of female and male

rights holders with increased

income





Income levels as per September 2015 (In

Burundi Francs):

Overall: average 91 942 , median 12 500

Women: average 72 790, median 7 500

Men: average 123 777, median 25 000

Batwa women: average 18 222, median 38

Batwa men: average 18 223, median 9000

20 % 30 % 45 % 60 % 70 %

1.2 Baseline

survey

compared with

survey after

project

intervention.


1.3 Number of enterprises

who have regular employees


measured among the

enterprises counted under

indicator 1.1

Baseline is 0

Only 5 (4%) of the businesses of

respondents have regular employees. Of

these, two are considered "micro" (1-2

employees), and three are considered

"small" (3-5 employees)

2 4 6 8 10

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

1.1.1 Number of rights

holders who graduate

(passed the exam) from

training on business skills.





Baseline is 0.

23% of the population (women 22%, men

23%) in the target area have already

received training on business skills 1 500 4 500 9 000 12 000 15 000

Records from

training

institution and

Surveys

trainees

Annually Program Officer

Delivery at output level

Program goal: To secure sustainable entrepreneurship opportunities for women, youth and Batwa in the provinces of Kirundo and Bujumbura rural

Outputs

Responsible

1.1 Rights holders

have the necessary

knowledge and

skills to establish

and run a business

Outcome 1 Indicators Baseline 2015/16 Targets Sources of

verification

Frequency of

reporting

Annex 4.1


1.1.2 Number of men and

women who have graduated

(passed the exam) from

vocational training





Baseline is 0.

5% (3% of women, 10% of men) of the

population have received a professional

certificate in the last five years

100 200 300 400 500

Records from

training

institution and

Surveys

trainees


1.2.1 Number of right

holders that have received

credit from save and loan

groups initiated through

NCA programmes.

Baseline is 0.

26% of the population (31% of women and

17% of men) in the target areas had

received credit from save and loan groups.

Save and loan groups represented 88% of

all loans received in the area.

500 1500 3000 4500 6000

Reports from

save and loan

groups


1.2.2 Number of right

holders that have received

credit from microfinance

institutions





Baseline is 0.

Less than 1% of the population in the

target area have previously received credit

from a microfinance institution.0 2 5 10 20

report from

Micro-finance


1.3. Rights holders

have access to

renewable energy

for their business

1.3.1 Number of rights

holders using renewable

energy in their business


measured among the

enterprises counted under

indicator 1.1

Baseline is 0.

About 6 % of businesses in the target area

currently use renewable energy.10 % 12 % 15 % 20 %

Surveys and

interview with

rights holders.


1.1 Rights holders

have the necessary

knowledge and

skills to establish

and run a business

1.2. Rights holders

have gained access

to capital for

investing in

business

Main activities under outcome 1: Training on entrepreneurship and business development by specialized institutions; coaching potential entrepreneurs on designing their enterprises; training

women, youth and Batwa on the saving and loan approach; linking members of the saving and loan groups to microfinance institutions for larger loans; campaigns (media broadcasting,

cultural events, ) to promote entrepreneurship in the communities; organizing competitions for innovative ideas of entrepreneurship in collaboration with private companies; workshops

(dialogue sessions) with microfinance institutions on entrepreneurship funding (especially women entrepreneurs); support to solar power installation for emerging small scale enterprises in

need of energy; vocational training for youth.

Annex 4.1


2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

2.2 Number of rights holders

who give example of key

market barriers which have

been addressed

This indicator might be

revised after a complete

market assessment has

been conducted in target

communities.

To be developed

To be

develope

d

Surveys and

interviews with

key

stakeholders


2.3 Percentage of female

and male rights holders who

have increased their sales

compared to the previous

years





communities.

To be developed

To be

develope

d

2.2 On-site

observations;

surveys with

rights holders


2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

2.1 The key

barriers to market

access are

identified and

communicated to

rights holders

2.2.1 Percentage of right

holders who are informed

about key market access

barriers





communities.

To be developed

90 %

Surveys and

interviews with

right holders


Outputs Delivery at output level

2. Rights holders

have gained

access to local or

domestic

markets

Outcome 2 Indicators Baseline 2015/16 Targets Sources of

verification

Frequency of

reporting

Responsible

Annex 4.1


2.2 Rights holders

have access to

information on

market and pricing

2.2.2 Percentage of rights

holders who compare prices

from 2 different local and

neighbouring markets


measured in the population.

Baseline is 7% (10% of women, 4 % of

men)

14%(16% of women, 11% of men)

compare prices with the local market

10 % (12% of women, 7% of men)

compare prices with the markets of

neighbouring villages

4 % (4% of women, 5 % of men) compare

prices with markets in neighbouring towns

2% (for both genders) compare prices with

boutiques

5% (for both genders) do not compare

prices at all.

15 % 25 % 30 % 40 % 60 %

2.3 Rights holders

have added value

to their products

2.3.1 % of rights holders

who have added value to

products





Baseline is 0.

In general, 26% of the population have

done at least one thing to increase the

value of their product in the last year

(2014/2015)

6% transformed the raw product,

3 % improved the packaging

8 % Improved the quality

14 % did other things.

Differences between the genders were

negligible.

30 % 45 % 60 % 65 % 70 %

onsite

observation,

surveys and

interview with

RHs


2.4 Rights holders

have advocated for

an improved

business

environment

2.4.1 Number dialogue

sessions between rights

holders and duty bearers on

identified barriers to market

access and

entrepreneurship.

This will be measured

specifically in the target

communities

Baseline is 0. 2 4 6 8 10 Minutes from

dialogue

sessions


Main activities: research on market barriers, communication of market barriers to rights holders and duty bearers, facilitation of advocacy sessions to reduce

physical/gender/political/bureaucratic barriers to market access, training on marketing and value addition skills and techniques, conducting market analysis and assessments, assess and

implement low-cost ways of providing market price information to rights holders.

Annex 4.1


2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

3.1 % of persons who

believe that there are

certain professions reserved

solely to men


measured in the population

in the target areas.

Baseline is:

28 % of respondents (29 % of women, 26

% of men) believe that taxi driver is

reserved for men.

5% (4% of women, 7 % of men) believe

"business owner" is reserved for men

11 % (11% for women, 12% for men)

believe "entrepreneur" is reserved for men

52% (both genders) believe "construction

worker" is reserved for men

55 % 50 % 40 % 30 % 20 %

5 % Bi annually Program Officer

3.2 % of youth with

Knowledge on alcoholism as

barriers to economic

empowerment




Baseline:13 % of youth (15 % of young

women, and 10 % of young men) correctly

identified five or more potential

consequences of drinking.

24 % identified four or more consequences,

45 % identified three or more.

20 % 25 % 30 % 40 % 60 %

Interviews,

surveys with

right holders

Bi annually Program Officer

3.3 % of youth with

Knowledge unsafe sex as

barriers to economic

empowerment




Baseline: 5% (7% of young women and 3

% of young men) of youth correctly

identified five or more potential

consequences of unsafe sex.

13 % identified four or more consequences,

27 % identified three or more.

10 % 20 % 30 % 40 % 45 %

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

3.1 Men and

women have

developed a

positive image of

women

entrepreneurship

3.1.1 % of women who

believe they would feel

encouraged by their close

family (spouse or parents)

to start a business




The baseline survey showed that 87% of

respondents (85% of women, 91% of men)

would definitely feel encouraged.

NCA is concerned that this question might

have been misunderstood and will re-visit

the question through interviews. If lack of

encouragement for women turns out not to

be a good indicator for a positive image for

entrepreneurship, the indicator will be

reviewed.

Pending

review of

baseline

Interviews,

surveys with

right holders


Outcome 3 Indicators

Outputs Delivery at output level

Baseline 2015/16 Targets Sources of

verification

Frequency of

reporting

Responsible

3. Prevalent

gender and

social norms are

favourable for

the economic

empowerment of

women, youth

and Batwa

Annex 4.1


3.2.1 Number of women and

girls who successfully

complete(pass test)literacy

programmes





Baseline is 0.

it can be noted that 55% of women

respondents to the 2015 baseline survey

were literate (20% for women batwa) 800 3000 4500 6000 6000

Records from

partners and

interviews with

RHs


3.2.2 Percentage of women

who feel they have equal

control of family decision

making in their household




Baseline: 4 % of women feel that there is

equal decision making in the household.

1 % feel that both make decisions, but

mostly women, and 7% feel that both make

decisions, but mostly men.10 % 20 % 30 % 40 % 50 %

3.3.1 Percentage of batwa

children enrolled in

secondary schools

10% (from UNIPROBA survey)

15 % 20 % 25 % 30 % 35 %

Interviews,

surveys with

right holders


3.3.2 Number of batwa who

successfully complete(pass

test)literacy programmes





Baseline is 0.

it can be noted that 27 % of Batwa

respondents to the 2015 baseline survey

(20% of women and 38 % of men were

literate)

Records from

partners and

interviews with

RHs


3.3.3. Percentage of Batwa

who feel confident they can

start and run their own

enterprise (micro or small)

Baseline: 94 % of Batwa (91% of women,

98 % of men) state that they would feel

confident to be able to start and run a

business.

In light of other research, NCA is concerned

that this question might have been

misunderstood and will re-visit the question

through interviews. If lack of confidence for

Batwa turns out not to be a good indicator

for participation, the indicator will be

reviewed.

Interviews,

surveys with

right holders


3.2. Women and

girls have

increased their

capacity and skills

(including literacy)

for their

participation in

economic and

political arenas

3.3. Batwa

communities

capacity and skills

(including literacy

and children

schooling) for their

participation in

economic and

political arenas are

improved

Annex 4.1


3.4.1 % of boys and girls

who can give examples of

times when they have acted

as positive role models in

their communities

Not part of the current baseline survey, will

be added in the qualitative surveys.

Interviews,

surveys with

right holders


3.4.2. Percentage of youth

able to use IT technology

(four essential skills).




Baseline: 5% of youth (2 % of young

women, 9 % of young men) respondents

master four essential IT skills.

53% of youth (40% of young women, 72%

of young men) master SMS

13% of youth (7% of young women, 23 %

of young men) master Internet use

7% of youth (4 % of young women, 12% of

young men) master the use of e-mail

8% of youth (4 % of young women, 14 %

of young men) master document writing

8 % 10 % 20 % 30 % 40 %


3.4. Young boys

and girls have

increased their life

and leadership

skills

Main activities: Literacy programmes for women, youth and Batwa in REFLECT circles; organization of women entrepreneurship days in collaboration with private companies (including annual

awards for women entrepreneurs); community debates about women entrepreneurship; media campaigns to stimulate interest in and promote women entrepreneurship (including role models

interviews); media campaign to raise awareness among young boys and girls around alcoholism, HIV and reproductive health; training on fund management for youth, (using REFLECT

approach) promotion of IT technology in Youth Centres (where possible), awareness programmes for men on positive masculinity.

Annex 4.2

Climate Resilience Results Framework, Burundi

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

1.1 Number of minimum

standards applied to essential

infrastructures (global indicator)

This will be measured in each

target community

N/A - this will be measured specifically

in each targeted community

NCA field visits

and records of

participation in

the process of

defining

minimum

standards

4-5 years Program Officer

1.2 Number of essential

infrastructures (access roads;

watershed, water sources; lake,

etc) secured through NCA or

partners' projects in the target

communities

Baseline is 0.

0 16 24 32 48

1.3 % of rights holders who are

confident that essential

infrastructures in their

communities are secure from

heavy rains.

This indicator will be measured

in the population

5 %

10 % 15 % 20 % 30 % 40 %

1.2 Community

surveys, field

visits,

observation


2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Program goal: To build the communities' resilience to climate change in the provinces of Kirundo and Bujumbura

Outcomes Indicators Baseline 2015/16Targets

OutputsDelivery at output level

Sources of

verification

Frequency of

reportingResponsible

1. Minimum

standards for

mitigating risk of

structural

interventions are

applied

Annex 4.2


1.1. Communities

have conducted

participatory

climate risk

assessments

1.1.1 % of community

members who know the main

risks of climate change

identified in the participatory

assessments


in the population.

Baseline for this will be measured after

the participatory assessments are

done.

It is interesting to note that 94% of

respondents had noted change in at

least one aspect of weather patterns

or consequences over the last decade.

60 % of respondents believe the

change will continue, while 33 % are

not sure.

Changes in rainfall (both the start of

the season and quantity) was the

change most people had noted (91 %

and 90 % respectively), with

temperatures (66%) following. 51 %

had noted a change in flooding, 53 %

in water shortage, and 28 % had

noted a change in the amount of

landslides.

Some differences seen between men

and women, with more men noting a

change in flooding (22% of men vs

20% of women) and increases in

temperature (38% vs 34%)

0 % 20 % 30 % 40 % 60 %

Community

surveys,

interviews

1.2 Communities

have taken

concrete measures

to protect essential

infrastructures

(access roads,

watersheds,

houses, irrigation

systems, water

sources, irrigation

schemes, etc)


members ( men and women)

involved in the protection of

essential infrastructures


from participants in NCA and

partners' programmes.

Baseline is 0.

It can be noted that in the general

population, 30% of respondents (25%

of women and 40 % of men) were

involved in protection of

infrastructures.

W: 25%

M: 40%

W: 30%

M: 45%

W: 40%

M: 50%

W: 50%

M: 50%

W: 50%

M:50%

Community

surveys, field

visits,

observation


2016 2017 2018 2019 2020Outcome 2 Indicators Baseline 2015/16

Targets Sources of

verification

Frequency of

reporting

Main activities: Participatory climate risks and vulnerability assessments in areas where we work ; raise awareness in the communities on climate risks and mobilize them for protection of

essential infrastructures (media, cultural and sports activities, door-to-door visits by community task forces, community meetings, etc;); mobilize task forces (ref: outcome 2) for the continued

management of protection measures

Responsible

Annex 4.2


2.1. Number of target

communities where community

task forces have taken concrete

steps to prepare for climate

events (global indicator)


in communities participating in

NCA and partners' programmes.

Baseline is 0.

Out of the few people that identified

an existing task force (or similar

structure) in their community in 2015,

81 % could also give examples of their

work.

50 100 150 200 300

2.1: Ratification

in the

community,

existence of the

plan, records of

participatory

development

process


2.2 Number of Communities

that have adopted contingency

plans for natural disasters

(global indicator)




Baseline is 0.

It can be noted that only 5 % of the

population was aware of a community

contingency plan (or similar

preparatory plans).

0 100 150 200 300

2.2 Land survey

through

sampling and

field visits


2.3 Percentage of men and

women who have taken action

to improve climate resilience

after participating in NCA and

partners' programmes

N/A - will be measured in specific

target communities.

10 % 20 % 30 % 40 % 60 %

Community

surveys,

interviews


2. Organized civil

society structures

demonstrate action

on climate

resilience

Annex 4.2


2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

2.1.1 % of target communities

with community task forces on

climate resilience.




Baseline is 0.

It can be noted that 4% of people

know about a "task force" or similar

structure in their community, 90 %

were confident there was no task force

in their community, and 6 % were not

sure.

10 % 20 % 40 % 60 % 80 %

Community

surveys,

interviews,

DPAE records


2.1.2 % of men and women

who mention the community

task forces on climate

resilience as their most

important support structure for

their resilience




Baseline is 0.

This will be measure once the

programme has started and when task

forces have been established10 % 25 % 40 % 50 % 60 %

Community

surveys,

interviews with

community

members


2.3.1 Number of

recommendations for action

(including Early Warning

Systems) agreed upon by

participants in the National

symposiums

N/A - the baseline is zero as the

symposium has not yet happened

0 5 5 10 10

2.3.2 Number of

recommendations from the

National Symposiums that have

been implemented

N/A - the baseline is zero as the

symposium has not yet happened

0 3 5 7 7

2.4 Communities

have developed

contingency plans

2.4.1 Number of communities

that have developed

contingency plans




Baseline is 0.

It can be noted that only 5 % of

respondents were aware of a

community contingency plan (or

similar preparatory plans).


2.1 Gender

balanced

community task

forces on climate

resilience are

operational*

* In Burundi, the

task forces will not

be created from

scratch, rather

existing leadership

structures (from

REFLECT, peace

committees etc.)

will be trained and

given an added

mandate

Main activities: identify and train task forces on climate resilience practices; facilitate a bi-annual national symposium about climate change risks, vulnerability and resilience; raise awareness in

the communities on their responsibility to take action on climate change (community meetings, cultural and sports activities); facilitate the elaboration and/or adoption of a community

contingency plan, mock drills, identification of evacuation roads.

2.3 A National bi-

annual symposium

is organised

between task

forces

representatives,

academics and

government

officials on climate

change risks,

vulnerability, and

resilience

Annex 4.2


2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

3.1 Hectares of land where the

new land management plans

are applied.




Baseline is 0.



Targets

will be set

after

plans are

developed

5.1 Observation

and analysis of

contingency

plans


3.2 % of community members

(men and women) who have

changed the management

practices on their farming land

to correspond with sustainable

land management plans.




The indicator will be measured from

participants in NCA and partners'

programmes. As a baseline it can be

noted that where land management

plans exist, 71 % of respondents (70%

of women and 72% of men) have

changed practices on their land as a

result.

Targets

will be set

after

plans are

developed

Surveys

/interview in

the

communities,

records from

DPAE


Targets Sources of

verification

Frequency of


3. Sustainable land

management plans

are in use

Outcome 3 Indicators Baseline 2015/16

Annex 4.2


2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

3.1 Farmers have

developed a plan

for their own land

3.1.1 Percentage of farmers

who have developed a

sustainable land use plan.

This will be measured from

participants in NCA and


Baseline is 0.

Generally, 61 % of farmers (55 % of

women and 81 % of men) have

developed a plan for their farm. 32%

(28% of women 58% of men)

measured the boundaries of their land.

30 45 65 75 80

3.2.Land

management plans

are developed in

the communities.

3.2.1 % of communities which

have sustainable land

management plans




Baseline is 0.

It can be noted that 13 % of

respondents (11 % of women and

17% of men) know of a land

management plan for their

community.

20 % 30 % 40 % 60 % 70 %

Interview with

RHs, field

observation


3.3 Information on

sustainable land

management

practices is

available to

communities

3.3.1 percentage of men and

women who have knowledge

about sustainable land

management practices

This will be measured in the

general population

In the baseline survey 63 % of

respondents showed some awareness

of at least three of the suggested

linkages between different land

use/production methods (such as

forestry, collaborative efforts) and

impacts on food production.

The target is broader than this, and

awareness of specific methods will be

measured in target communities.

Surveys

/interview in

the

communities


3.4.1 Number of advocacy

sessions organized with Duty

bearers




Baseline is 0

2 4 6 8 10

Participant lists Annually Program Officer

3.4.2. Number of mesaures

taken by duty bearers




Baseline is 0


3.4 Duty bearers

(government) have

been challenged

by religious leaders

and civil society on

improving land and

water management

policies and

regulations

Main activities: measure farmers land and assist them to develop personal land management plans, train farmers on land management practices, facilitate coordination meetings in the

communities on common land management plans organise advocacy sessions on improving land and water management policies and regulations, mobilise young farmers for participatory

construction and management of drainage and irrigation schemes.

Annex 4.2


2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

4.1 % of right holders who

apply climate smart agricultural

techniques*

*Examples of such techniques

can be found in the narrative.


in the population.

46 % of farmers apply five or more of

the techniques listed below.

Specifically:

Improved seeds: 64 % (Women: 61%,

men: 68 %))

Flood or drought resistant seeds: 42 %

(Women: 41 %, Men: 43 %)

Irrigation: 39 % (women: 38 %, men:

41 %)

Terracing against soil erosion: 39%

(women: 38 %, men, 42 %)

Crop rotation: 59 % (women: 57%,

men: 61 %)

Mulching to retain water: 26 %

(women: 26 %, men: 27 %)

Uphill and downhill farming: 23 %

(women: 21 %, men: 26 %)

Tree planting: 37 % (women: 33 %,

men: 43 %)

Land fallowing: 36 % (women: 34 %,

men: 40 %)

Agroforestry: 24 % (women: 24 %,

men: 25 %)

Use organic fertilizers: 67 % (women:

69 %, men: 63 %)

Hail storm protection measures: 1 %

50 % 55 % 60 % 65 % 70 % Surveys in the

communities,

field

observation


4.2 % of right holders whose

food production has increased

on targeted crops compared to

the year before




Baseline is 0. 30 % 50 % 60 % 70 % 80 % Surveys in the

communities,

field

observation


4.3 % of male and female

rights holders who can give an

example of an action that

reduced the shock (measured

after a climate event has

happened)

N/A Targets

will be

specific to

communiti

es

Surveys in the

communities,

interview


3.4 Level (%) of increase of

national budget allocation to

agriculture

The 2015 budget of the ministry of

agriculture was 184 477 014 918 BUF,

of which 148 986 674 234 were donor

funds for investments.

3 % 5 % 7 % 8 % 10 %

National budget 2-3 years Program Officer

ResponsibleOutcome 4 Indicators Baseline 2015/16Targets Sources of

verification

Frequency of

reporting

4. Food production

is adapted to

changes in climate

(food security)

Annex 4.2


2016 2017 2018 2019 2020


members who state that they

receive timely information on

climate


in the population

M: 27%

W: 16%

M: 35 %

W: 25 %

M: 40 %

W: 35

%

M: 45 %

W: 45

%

M: 50 %

W: 55

%

M: 60 %

W: 65

%

survey among

communities

4.1.2 Percentage of farmers

who base their agriculture

choices on the information

received about climate and

change (like seasonal calendar)


in the population

21% of respondents (17% of women,

and 30% of men) base their

agricultural choices on information

received about climate and climate

change.

M: 35 %

W: 25 %

M: 40 %

W: 35%

M: 45 %

W: 45

%

M: 50 %

W: 55

%

M: 60 %

W: 65

%

Surveys

/interview in

the

communities,

field

observation

4.2. Farmers have

knowledge of

climate smart

agriculture

techniques

(through training,

information by task

forces, radios and

mobile technology)

4.2.1 Number of farmers who

have received training on

reducing the vulnerability of

agriculture to climate change

and variability.

This indicator will be measured from

participants in NCA interventions. But

already in the communities, the

baseline indicate that only 15 % of

respondents (12% of women, 21% of

men) have received training on

reducing the vulnerability of

agriculture. Yet, as seen in indicator

4.1, many more apply techniques.

500 2000 4000 7000 10000

Surveys

/interview in

the

communities


4.3 Farmers have

access to farming

inputs (seeds and

fertilizers) needed

for their production

4.3.1. Number of farmers with

access to farming inputs

matching their needs

Specific baseline on this will be

established in the target communities.

500 2000 4000 7000 10000

Surveys

/interview in

the

communities,

records from

associations


4.4 Farmers have

their own animal

for producing

fertiliser

4.4.1 Number of farmers who

own animals that produce

sufficient manure.

The indicator will be measured from

participants in NCA and partners'

programmes. As a baseline it can be

noted that 44% of farmer respondents

have animals that produce sufficient

manure (similar for women and men)

100 400 700 1000 1500

Surveys

/interview in

the

communities,

records from

associations


4.5 Farmers have

advocated for

increased

investment into

agriculture sector

and climate

resilience

4.5.1 Number of advocacy

initiatives organised by farmers




Baseline i 0.

NCA has not previously supported

advocacy campaigns on these topics 2 4 6 8 10

Minutes from

advocacy

sessions



4.1. Farmers

receive climate

related information

from the National

Meteo Institute

(IGEBU)

Annex 4.2


4.6 Farmers have

improved the

storage and

conservation of the

harvest

4.6. 1. Percentage of farmers

who experience "a lot" or

"some" loss of their harvest

baseline is : 41 %

20% of farmers (19% of women, 22 %

of men) lose "a lot" of their harvest

every year, 21 % (20% of women, 23

% of men) lose "some" of their

harvest

35 % 25 % 20 % 15 % 10 %

4.7 Arable land has

been increased

though

participatory

drainage and

irrigations schemes

4.7.1.Percentage of farmers

that practice irrigation.

39 % of respondents (38% of women,

41 % of men, practice irrigation)

M: 50 %

W: 45%

M: 55 %

W: 50%

M: 60 %

W: 55

M: 65 %

W: 65%

M: 70 %

W: 70%

4.7.2 Number of new hectares

exploited for agriculture



Main activities: Research on climate risks in areas where we work (including current resilience capacity of the communities) in the areas where we work; training of task forces on climate

resilience techniques and strategies by specialized institutions; capacity building/support for the national Meteo Institute on improving quality and timeliness of climate related information;

capacity building and logistical/rehabilitation support to existing local seeds centres (linked to the ministry of Agriculture); pilot demos of agronomic & livestock adaptation measures using media

to communicate on methods and strategies to improve climate resilience capacities; spreading small scale irrigation technics among farmers using door-to-dor visits by community task forces;

agricultural calendars adapted to changing climates

Annex 4.3

Water, Sanitation and Hygiene results framework, Burundi

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

1. Rights holders

demonstrate

ownership for

community WASH

services

1.1 Percentage of committees that

manage WASH services in a

satisfactory way 10 % 20 % 40 % 60 % 80 % 80 %

1.1 Cross matching of

planned committees vs.

created committees.

Spot check using focus

group. Interview with

key informants.

Bi annually Program

Manager

1.2 Percentage of women, men,

girls and boys expressing

satisfaction with their level of

participation in decision making for

these processes

5 % 30 % 50 % 70 % 80 % 80 %

1.2 Service users

satisfaction surveys or

focus group discussion

(of a selected sample if

the size of the program

requires)

Bi annually Program

Manager

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

1.1. 1 Number of women and men

trained on maintenance and repair6 20 30 30 50 50

Interviews, surveys with

right holders and

Communal Water

committee records

annually Program

Officer

1.1.2 Percentage of water

committees with water fees

collection system in place5 % 20 % 40 % 60 % 80 % 80 %

Interviews, surveys with

community members;

financial log; saving

account.

annually Program

Officer

1.2.1 Percentage of communities

with participatory action plans for

WASH services 0 % 20 % 40 % 60 % 80 % 80 %

minutes from meetings,

written action plan;

Water committees

records, Communal

Water committee records

annually Program

Officer

1.2.2 Number of self initiated WASH

projects by communities

0 0 3 4 5 6

Organisational meetings

minutes, interviews with

key informants, spot

checks

annually Program

Officer

Program goal: to increase the level of access to adequate and sustainable water, sanitation and hygiene services and practices for improved health in

communities of Kirundo and Bujumbura rural


Responsible

1.1 Water or

Hygiene

committees/clubs

have increased

their skills on

maintenance and

management.

1.2. Communities

have developed

and implemented

participatory

action plans for

WASH services

Outcome 1 Indicators Baseline

2015/16

Targets Sources of verification Frequency

of reporting

Annex 4.3


1.3 the

community

contributes to the

capital cost of the

infrastructure in

cash, material or

labour

1.3.1 % of infrastructure

constructed where community

provides at least 15% of the capital

cost 0 10 % 20 % 40 % 60 % 80 %

Written agreement

between communities

and NCA/partners; stock

cards / materials record

books; spot checks

annually Program

Officer

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

2.1 Number of occasions where

representatives of rights holders

present to the governmental

authorities their priorities on WASH

issues 0 1 1 1 1 1

Sample with relevant

data collection tool like

key informant interview

and group discussion.

Copies of documents

presented to the

authorities; minutes

from the meetings; press

release.

Annually Program

Manager

2.2 Number of participatory WASH

plans in place (at colline level) 0 1 1 2 3 4Interviews with key

informants; copy of the

plans

annually Program

Manager

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

2.1 Duty bearers

have increased

their knowledge

on WASH planning

and management

2.1.1 Number of duty bearers

trained on WASH planning and

management0 30 30 60 60 60

Participants lists;

training topic list;

material used during the

training; trainers report

Annually Program

Officer

2.2 Community

members have

increased their

knowledge on

their rights on

WASH services

2.2.1 Number of awareness raising

campaigns done in the target

communities0 1 1 1 1 1

Minutes filed in WASH

committees

Annually Program

Officer

2.3 RH can access

DB to express

needs and

suggestions

2.3.1 nr of community action plans

acknowledged by DB0 1 1 2 3 4

official plan reception

note, interviews with key

informant

Annually Program

Officer

Delivery at output levelOutputs

Indicators Baseline

2015/16

Targets Sources of verification Frequency

of reporting

Responsible

2. Duty bearers

have included

men and women’s

recommendations

on WASH services

in their work plans

Outcome 2

Main activities: Support to communities in defining their WASH needs, in developing and implementing their action plan, Trainings and support (including on the job training)

for WASH committees

Annex 4.3


2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

3.1 Percentage increase of girls,

boys, women and men washing

their hands with detergents at

critical times

61 % 2 % 5 % 10 % 15 % 20 %

3.1 Spot checks of

proxy indicator of a

sample

Annually Program

Manager

3.2 Percentage decrease of

diarrhoea episodes of children under

60 months (counted over the 2

previous weeks) 46 % 10 % 10 % 10 % 10 % 10 %

3.2 Health Centre

statistics, focus groups

with mothers/caretakers

Annually Program

Manager

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

3.1 Men and

women discuss

good hygiene

practices in

Reflect circles

3.1.1 % of villages that maintain

the status of open defecation free

12, 24, 36 and 48 months after

certification0 >70 % >70 % >70 % >70 % >70 %

Spot checks of proxy

indicator (signs of open

defecation); village

statistics on latrines use

Annually Program

Officer

3.1.2 number of new latrines in use

0 420 600 600 1080 1080

Sanitation committee

reports, spot checks,

interviews with key

informant

Annually Program

Officer

3.2 Men and

women drink safe

water

3.2.1 Percentage of community

members applying water safe

storage methods 25 % 30 % 50 % 70 % 80 % 80 %

Spot checks of proxy

indicator of a sample;

focus groups; interview

with key informants

Annually Program

Officer

3.2.2 Amount of water (in l)

available per person per day 5 20 20 20 20 20

Yield of the sources and

list of registered users

Annually Program

Officer

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Frequency

of reporting

Responsible

ResponsibleFrequency

of reporting


2015/16


2015/16

Targets Sources of verification

Targets Sources of verification

Main activities: Training duty bearers on participatory and inclusive planning on WASH services, Organising awareness campaigns for community members on their rights to

WASH services, facilitating advocacy sessions for access to WASH services, Support in connecting RH and DB to share WASH needs and find applicable solutions

3. Men and

women practice

hygiene measures

that protect

themselves

against key public

health risks

Delivery at output level

Main activities: Support to REFLECT circles to discuss WASH issues, Hygiene and sanitation campaign, including providing technical advice for constructing infrastructures with

local materials, Safe water chain campaigns (including water analysis test)

Outputs

Annex 4.3


4. Men and

women access

inclusive,

adequate and

sustainable WASH

services in public

institutions

4.1 % of water supply and

sanitation facilities adapted to

people living with disabilities

0 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 %

Technical specification in

building agreements,

spot checks

annually Program

Manager

4.2 Number of men and women who

have gained access to institutional

water supply and/or sanitation

facilities

0 21000 21000 42000 42000 21000

Official population

figures for catchment

area (available when

exact work locations are

defined)

annually Program

Manager

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

4.1 Pupils go to

school in an

healthy

environment

4.1.1 % of schools where the ratio

pupil vs latrine < 30 (girls), < 60

(boys) at the targeted schools 5 % 10 % 30 % 50 % 80 % 100 %

School enrolment and

sanitation data, focus

groups and direct

observation

Annually Program

Officer

4.2 Rights holders

access to

adequate water in

public institutions

4.2.1 Number of men and women

who have gained access to

institutional water supply facilities 0 21000 21000 42000 42000 21000

Official population

figures for catchment

area (available when

exact work locations are

defined)

annually Program

Officer


Main activities: Construction of inclusive and gender friendly WASH infrastructure in schools and health centres, Training on operation and maintenance of WASH

infrastructure, Training of health clubs in schools and support to their function as change agents in their families

Annex 4.4

Gender-Based Violence Results Framework, Burundi

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Number of GBV survivors

assisted by Transit centres1800 2400 3000

registry of

transit centresquarterly

Program

Manager

% of men and women who are

satisfied community prevention

and response mechanisms

20 % 40 % 60 %survey in

communitiesannually

Program

Manager

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

GBV survivors have

received medical

assistance


receiving medical assistance 700 1000 1400registry of


Program

Manager

GBV survivors have

received legal

assistance


receiving legal assistance600 900 1200

registry of


Program

Manager

GBV survivors have

received

psychosocial

assistance

(including

temporary shelter)


receiving psychosocial

assistance900 1500 2000

registry of


Program

Manager

GBV survivors have

received vocational

training for

economic

reintegration


obtaining training certificates

on vocational training

220 350 450 participants lists annuallyProgram

Manager

Communities have

put in place GBV

committees

Number of villages with GBV

committees200 500 800 lists of members annually

Program

Manager

Duty bearers have

improved their

database and

information

systems on GBV in

all communes of

Kirundo and

Bujumbura rural

Number of communes with

regularly updated monthly

information on GBV

0 6 10 observation annuallyProgram

Manager

Delivery at output levelOutputs

Main activities: temporary accommodation for GBV survivors in transit centres; Providing legal accompaniment to GBV survivors; training survivors on practical skills for economic

activities; Workshops with local authorities (police, administration, justice) on GBV reduction strategy; community strategy development to build their capacity to prevent and

respond to GBV

Outcome 1 IndicatorsBaseline

2015/16

Targets Sources of

verification

Frequency of


BGV survivors

have access to

quality assistance


Annex 5: Funding strategy and targets

Below are donors with whom NCA plans on cultivating a relationship and soliciting for

new or renewed funding. This is based on the donor's interest in the intervention area,

both geographically and thematically. Some of these donors have higher and stricter

compliance standards compared grants that NCA Burundi has managed in the past. NCA

Burundi is seeking a more diverse funding base but may need additional human re-

sources for grants that have stricter compliance standards.

Donor Relevance for NCA

Multilate

ral donors

and

Multid

onor

Tru

st

Funds

UNICEF NCA Burundi receives funds from UNICEF for its WASH program. It

will begin to receive funds from UNICEF for its economic empower-

ment program. NCA Burundi seeks to deepen its relationship with

UNICEF in Burundi and increase the size and length of future grants.

United Nations

Peacebuilding

Fund

The Peacebuilding Fund is the Secretary General’s Fund – launched in

2006 to support activities, actions, programmes and organisations

that seek to build a lasting peace in countries emerging from conflict.

Burundi has been the largest recipient of the UNPF. The money is

administered through UN agencies locally.

Bilate

ral donors

Netherlands As a priority country, the Dutch Cooperation has outlined its Burundi

strategy in a Multi-Annual Strategic Plan 2014-2017 and will continue

to support Burundi in three complementary thematic areas: 1) securi-

ty and justice 2) food security 3) sexual and reproductive health

rights. Gender and youth issues will be addressed in all areas. The

outlay for Burundi for the 2011-2015 strategic period was € 93.8 mil-

lion.

Belgium As of 2010, Belgium is focusing its efforts in Burundi in three sectors:

healthcare, education and agriculture. Cross-cutting themes are gen-

der equality, sustainable development and the environment, respect

for children's rights and good governance.

EuropeAid NCA will continue to pursue funding opportunities via the European

Instrument for Democracy and Human Rights and other funding chan-

nels for non-state actors.

United States USAID has disbursed $34 million in funding in 2014, a third of which

was for global health and another third of which was for emergency

relief (food aid). Priority areas include Agriculture and Food Security;

Democracy, Human Rights and Governance; Economic Growth and

Trade; Global Health. USAID also funds disaster risk reduction and

emergency relief projects via its Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance

(OFDA).

Germany Due to the events in summer 2015, the German Federal Ministry for

Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ) has suspended coop-

eration with the Burundian Government and the Burundian police

force. All activities that directly serve the population will continue.

Germany's priority area of cooperation with Burundi is drinking water

supply and sanitation. Germany is the largest donor in this sector and

is chairing the donor forum.

Private

Secto

r

The Coca Cola

Africa Founda-

tion

TCCAF recently expanded is Replenish Africa Initiative (RAIN) pledging

an additional US$35 million to support Pan-African safe water access

and sanitation programs.


Swiss Re Foun-

dation

The Swiss Re Foundation addresses social and humanitarian problems

worldwide and builds local capacity to face them. They fund projects

in the areas of natural disasters, climate change, water, and popula-

tion growth.

1) Funding Investments:

a. SWOT analysis

Strengths 1. Rootedness in local communities

2. Close cooperation with civil society actors

3. Programmatic interventions in line with

needs of the population and donor priorities

4. Faith based organizations' importance and

connectedness in Burundian communities

Weaknesses 1. Capacity (time) for staff to write grants and

deliver complex applications

2. Partner organizations have limited/weak

management and administrative capacities

3. NCA overshadowed by larger actors in

Burundi

4. More traditional approach lacking

innovation in certain program areas

Opportunities 1. Positive relationship and close alignment

with other ACT Agencies, which means po-

tential for forming consortia

2. Competition for funds will propel NCA Bu-

rundi to "raise the bar" in terms of program

innovation, implementation and manage-

ment

Threats 1. Dependence of NCA on few donors

2. Dependence of partners on NCA

3. Sister agencies often fund the same

partners as NCA and compete for the

same funds

4. Stronger competition than ever for funds

5. Political and social instability and renewed

violence may stifle donor interest

b. Recommended investments

Area Investment needed Donor engagement and rela-

tionship management

Communications and marketing materials are developed

with a clear articulation of NCA's added value in Burundi

Grant management and report-

ing

Increased/dedicated support from head office to support

the submission of complex applications

Staff capacity building in areas including grants

management and reporting, particularly for donors with

strict and complex compliance standards

Program innovation Investments in program innovation so NCA Burundi's

programs are more competitive

Partner capacities

Application of the partner assessment tool

Provision of a finite amount of capacity building for

partners


Budget Forecast


Annex 6: Planned evaluations


Annex 7: Risk analysis and management


Annex 8: Baseline process

“Climate resilience" and "Economic empowerment" programs

As of September 2015, NCA Burundi is currently in the process of finalizing a five-year strate-

gy for the period 2016-2020. In this framework, NCA Burundi decided to conduct a baseline

study, for the "climate resilience" and "economic empowerment" programs amongst the tar-

get groups in Kirundo Province and in Bujumbura Rural. The baseline study was conducted as

an internal exercise, with the assistance of partner organizations, in August-September 2015.

The baseline study had three specific objectives, namely:

1. To establish a foundation from which to measure change i.e. obtain a status report of

the current situation on the ground, to be used in the measurement of change against

specific targets.

2. To make concrete recommendations on how to refine the existing program results

framework, including outputs indicators and target values.

3. To provide accurate context specific, background information for the three programs.

To conduct the baseline study, three main phases were followed: preparatory phase, data

collection and data analysis. This will be followed by a more in-depth qualitative data collec-

tion and report. The first phase involved a detailed desk review of relevant program docu-

ments including the four year report, the NCA youth study, UNIPROBA survey on Batwa living

conditions, commune and national development plans, etc. In collaboration with an advisor

from NCA head office, questionnaires, data coding and a data entry template were designed

using the Magpi software. These were piloted and tested by NCA staff for the Economic Em-

powerment and Climate Resilience programs. WASH program got the support of a WASH con-

sultant from Norway.

Sampling and data collection:

Before the data collection, a short training was organized for the 16 enumerators composed

by NCA staff and partners. Using questionnaires installed in tablets, the data collection was

done during four days in August 2015. Five communes in two provinces were targeted, (three

in Bujumbura and two in Kirundo, considering that, all those communes have basic similari-

ties), and nine collines in which NCA had not previously worked, and nine collines in which

NCA currently works, were randomly selected (names drawn out of a bowl). For households,

we randomly jumped two or three households in all directions (North,South,West and East)

depending upon the households setting of the colline.

218 people were surveyed in Bujumbura, and 225 people in Kirundo, which gives a margin of

error of 7 %. The survey will be complemented with qualitative data from interviews and fo-

cus groups, to be conducted in intervention communities in the period October-December

2015.

The data was analyzed using excel, with the indicators as guiding questions. In the period

October-December 2015, the data will be explored in more detail, with a view to guide project

proposals and qualitative data collection.


Secondary data were collected from recent assessments ordered by NCA on batwa 15 and

youth16, national publications as well as information from provincial and communal technical

institutions in relation to the three selected programs.

Two (minor) challenges are worth mentioning:

a) Some interviewees found some questions embarrassing to answer given their actual rela-

tively bad social situation (e g asking about income and harvest conservation techniques to

someone who hardly get something to eat).

b) Some interviewees (mainly from the adult batwa) were mostly explaining their social prob-

lems rather than answering questions, which took more time.

The following lessons were learnt:

Willingness and motivation of the leaders and community members to participate depend up-

on the value and interest they give to the activity. As an instance, as food insecurity and cli-

mate change are great concerns in all the communities, all local leaders were very eager to

mobilize interviewees and the latter were impatient to answer.

Prior and clear communication of the purpose of the interview helps reduce some answers

that can be otherwise biased mainly if the respondent expects some aid.

It was noticed that using tablets while dealing with a questionnaire is quicker and easier than

using a questionnaire on the paper.

One possible limitation is the understanding of some questions by the interviewees, and an-

swers that encompass a larger variation in practice than foreseen. As an example, whereas a

good number of respondents said that they do irrigation, the type of irrigation the majority

meant is just “watering” (using watering cans). Qualitative data will be collected to look into

these limitations.

WASH programme

The baseline data for WASH was mostly derived from the study « Possibilities of improvement

of WASH conditions in the province of Kirundo” that was conducted in December 2014.

It had as its main objectives:

1. To carry out a social (WASH in the community and institutions) and technical (identifi-

cation of water sources) study to identify the quantitative needs in terms of potable

water, hygiene and sanitation.

2. To suggest solutions to undertake in order to meet the identified needs.

With the support of a WASH consultant from Norway, 16 enumerators (from Burundian Agen-

cy for Rural Water and WASH NCA staff) collected data in three (out of seven communes of

Kirundo province) that are mostly affected by drought.

To get social data, during 12 days, FGDs were organized in 40 randomly selected collines in

which 125 people (69 women and 56 men) took part. Besides, direct interviews were con-

ducted to the 90 primary schools headmasters operating in the 3 selected communes using a

questionnaire.

As for technical aspects of the installations, a questionnaire was used to collect data from the

3 communal water offices.

15 Résultats de l’Etude sur la situation sociale, économique et politique de la population Batwa, 2014, 16 Feasibility Study for Working with Youth Platforms in Burundi, 2014

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