northwest power planning council commercial hvac - envelope crac july 2, 2003

Northwest PowerPlanning Council

Commercial HVAC - EnvelopeCommercial HVAC - Envelope

CRAC July 2, 2003CRAC July 2, 2003


Today:Today:

New Stock EstimateNew Stock Estimate WindowsWindows InsulationInsulation Premium HVAC EquipmentPremium HVAC Equipment Package Roof Top Optimization Package Roof Top Optimization Built-up System Optimization/CommissioningBuilt-up System Optimization/Commissioning Grocery RefrigerationGrocery Refrigeration HVAC Fans Pumps and DrivesHVAC Fans Pumps and Drives Plug Loads, Fume Hoods, Power SuppliesPlug Loads, Fume Hoods, Power Supplies


2.35 Billion Square Feet 20012.35 Billion Square Feet 2001Floor Area Dodge (New) Compared to Model

0

500,000,000

1,000,000,000

1,500,000,000

2,000,000,000

2,500,000,000

3,000,000,000

1987

1989

1991

1993

1995

1997

1999

2001

StockEstimate(PNonRes+DodgeNew-Demo)

ModelStock95D2M


Latest Trend Data Latest Trend Data Historical e-EUI All kWh / All Floor Area

0.00

5.00

10.00

15.00

20.00

25.0019

87

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

kWh

/sf

Discontinuity in the Electricity Data


Caveats: These estimates will changeCaveats: These estimates will change

Floor Area estimates need to be adjustedFloor Area estimates need to be adjusted– Will impact forecast floor area mostlyWill impact forecast floor area mostly

Some key assumptions will be adjusted as Some key assumptions will be adjusted as more data arrives from CBSAmore data arrives from CBSA– End use and equipment saturationsEnd use and equipment saturations– Space heat fuel, EUIs, LPDs, hoursSpace heat fuel, EUIs, LPDs, hours

Does not include New Building PotentialDoes not include New Building Potential


WindowsWindows


Windows – Windows – Punched OpeningsPunched Openings

Looked at 3 window options in 4 Looked at 3 window options in 4 applications on 17 building types in 2 applications on 17 building types in 2 vintages on 3 heat types. DOE2vintages on 3 heat types. DOE2

Base Window Base Window u52u52 s72s72 U45 WindowU45 Window u45u45 s69s69 U40 WindowU40 Window u40u40 s51s51 U35 WindowU35 Window u36 u36 s48s48


Code BaselineCode Baseline

Oregon: Oregon: <30% glass U54 SC57<30% glass U54 SC57

>30% glass U37-SC35*>30% glass U37-SC35* Washington:Washington: Elec: U40-SHCG40*, exceptions Elec: U40-SHCG40*, exceptions

Other: U90, U75, U60, U50 >25%Other: U90, U75, U60, U50 >25% Seattle: Seattle: Elec: U40-SHCG 40*, exceptionsElec: U40-SHCG 40*, exceptions

Other: U55, U45>30% g SHGC40Other: U55, U45>30% g SHGC40 Common practice U50 SHGC45Common practice U50 SHGC45 * No cost-effective measure found for these cases* No cost-effective measure found for these cases


Cost Estimates Cost Estimates

Component CostsComponent Costs

– Low-e to 0.1 emissivity Low-e to 0.1 emissivity $1.00/sf$1.00/sf

– Low-e to 0.04 emissivityLow-e to 0.04 emissivity $1.50/sf$1.50/sf

– Argon fill Argon fill $0.75/sf$0.75/sf

– Thermally Improved Metal frameThermally Improved Metal frame $3.00/sf$3.00/sf

– Replacement VinylReplacement Vinyl$16/sf$16/sf

– Replacement Curtain WallReplacement Curtain Wall $30/sf$30/sf


Cost EstimatesCost Estimates

Incremental Product CostIncremental Product Cost– Code to u45 Code to u45 $1.00/sf$1.00/sf– Code to u40Code to u40 $1.50/sf$1.50/sf– Code to u35Code to u35 $4.50/sf$4.50/sf

Full Product CostFull Product Cost– Vinyl to u40Vinyl to u40 $17.75/sf$17.75/sf– Vinyl to u35Vinyl to u35 $18.25/sf$18.25/sf

40 year measure life40 year measure life


Other Key AssumptionsOther Key Assumptions

Punched openings are half the stockPunched openings are half the stock Window/Wall with <30% by building typeWindow/Wall with <30% by building type

– 30% of Office, School, Lodging, Hosp.30% of Office, School, Lodging, Hosp.– 80% of Retail, Restaurant, Warehouse, 80% of Retail, Restaurant, Warehouse,

OtherOther Natural replacement rate 1/50 per yearNatural replacement rate 1/50 per year Space heat type by building type per surveySpace heat type by building type per survey


Windows – Results Windows – Results

Cooling savings are small Cooling savings are small Range from (-0.4 to +0.6 kWh/sf glass)Range from (-0.4 to +0.6 kWh/sf glass)

– More negatives than positives on suite of More negatives than positives on suite of prototypes and applications examinedprototypes and applications examined

Heating savings 0.5 to 6.0 kWh/sf Heating savings 0.5 to 6.0 kWh/sf Gas savings credit does not make windows in Gas savings credit does not make windows in

gas buildings cost effective on electric TRCgas buildings cost effective on electric TRC


Windows: Windows: Replacement CaseReplacement Case Results weighted by applicabilityResults weighted by applicability Pay only incremental cost over codePay only incremental cost over code

– u52 base code window u52 base code window Code to u40 is cost-effective (36 mills/kWh)Code to u40 is cost-effective (36 mills/kWh)

– Code to u35 not cost-effective (63 mills/kWh)Code to u35 not cost-effective (63 mills/kWh)– Code to u45 not cost-effective (85 mills/kWh)Code to u45 not cost-effective (85 mills/kWh)

Depends on building type, locationDepends on building type, location At a replacement rate of 1/50 each yearAt a replacement rate of 1/50 each year

– Annually 0.07 MWa/yearAnnually 0.07 MWa/year– 1.3 MWa by 20251.3 MWa by 2025


Windows: Windows: New Building CaseNew Building Case

Code captured most savings Code captured most savings Where code is u52, upgrade is cost-effectiveWhere code is u52, upgrade is cost-effective

– Code to u40 at 31 mills/kWhCode to u40 at 31 mills/kWh– Code to u35 at 18 mills/kWh Code to u35 at 18 mills/kWh

Assume 50/50 split u40 and u35Assume 50/50 split u40 and u35– 3 MWa in 2025 at 30 mills/kWh3 MWa in 2025 at 30 mills/kWh– Annually 0.15 MWa/yearAnnually 0.15 MWa/year


Windows – Retrofit CaseWindows – Retrofit Case

Replacing single glaze windows considering Replacing single glaze windows considering full cost and full savingsfull cost and full savings

Both cooling and heating savings are largeBoth cooling and heating savings are large– Typically 5 kWh/sf glass coolingTypically 5 kWh/sf glass cooling– 20+ kWh/sf glass heating20+ kWh/sf glass heating

Cost-effective in electric heat buildings at full Cost-effective in electric heat buildings at full incremental cost of $18/sfincremental cost of $18/sf

Potential free-rider problem. Is it a Potential free-rider problem. Is it a conservation resource?conservation resource?

Total potential is 21 MWa at 33 mills/kWhTotal potential is 21 MWa at 33 mills/kWh


InsulationInsulation

Add insulation at Re-RoofingAdd insulation at Re-Roofing– Flat built-up roofs onlyFlat built-up roofs only– R0 to R22 at $1.90/sfR0 to R22 at $1.90/sf– R11 to R22 at $1.00/sfR11 to R22 at $1.00/sf

Applies at 12-year re-roof cycle to:Applies at 12-year re-roof cycle to:– Pre 1987 stock remaining in 2005Pre 1987 stock remaining in 2005– Estimates of existing insulation by building type Estimates of existing insulation by building type

from 1996 Puget studyfrom 1996 Puget study DOE 2 modeling on 21 prototypesDOE 2 modeling on 21 prototypes

– Three space heat typesThree space heat types


Re-Roof ResultsRe-Roof Results Electric Heat R0 to R22 caseElectric Heat R0 to R22 case

– Save 2 to 6 kWh/sf heatingSave 2 to 6 kWh/sf heating– Save 0.3 to 3 kWh/sf coolingSave 0.3 to 3 kWh/sf cooling

Electric Heat R11 to R22Electric Heat R11 to R22– Save 0.6 to 3 kWh/sf heatingSave 0.6 to 3 kWh/sf heating– Save 0.2 to 2.5 kWh/sf coolingSave 0.2 to 2.5 kWh/sf cooling

Heat Pumps –About half of electricHeat Pumps –About half of electric Gas – Cooling savings plus gas creditGas – Cooling savings plus gas credit


Re-Roof with InsulationRe-Roof with Insulation

Mostly cost-effective for electric HPMostly cost-effective for electric HP– 62 of 68 cases cost effective62 of 68 cases cost effective– Total of 29 MWa in 2025Total of 29 MWa in 2025– 1.9 MWa per year – lost opportunity1.9 MWa per year – lost opportunity

Cost-effective for cooling-only savingsCost-effective for cooling-only savings– Only 2 of 68 casesOnly 2 of 68 cases


Premium HVAC EquipmentPremium HVAC Equipment


Premium HVAC EquipmentPremium HVAC EquipmentAssumptionsAssumptions

At equipment replacement @ 15 years At equipment replacement @ 15 years Based on simulation runs by PNNL Based on simulation runs by PNNL

done for national standards workdone for national standards work– 33 prototypes in the PNW33 prototypes in the PNW– Characteristics from CBECSCharacteristics from CBECS– CEE Tier1 to Tier 2 deltas in EER/IPLVCEE Tier1 to Tier 2 deltas in EER/IPLV

» EER 10.1 to 11.0 for 7.5 tonEER 10.1 to 11.0 for 7.5 ton» EER 9.5 to 11.0 for smaller and largerEER 9.5 to 11.0 for smaller and larger

– Cost on tear-down plus mark-up basis Cost on tear-down plus mark-up basis


Premium HVAC EquipmentPremium HVAC EquipmentSavings AdjustmentsSavings Adjustments

Savings derated by 10% for interaction Savings derated by 10% for interaction Savings derated by 10% for new buildingsSavings derated by 10% for new buildings Savings account for working economizerSavings account for working economizer Considered cooling-only savingsConsidered cooling-only savings Weighted savings <5, 7.5 and 15 ton unitsWeighted savings <5, 7.5 and 15 ton units

– 60% capacity 7.5 ton, 40% smaller and larger 60% capacity 7.5 ton, 40% smaller and larger

Weighted savings east versus westWeighted savings east versus west– East side uses 1.8 times compressor energyEast side uses 1.8 times compressor energy


Premium HVAC EquipmentPremium HVAC EquipmentCost AssumptionsCost Assumptions

Costs: Several source consideredCosts: Several source considered– LBL, Eley, Xenergy, DEER, EcotopeLBL, Eley, Xenergy, DEER, Ecotope

Incremental CostsIncremental Costs– $50/ton for packaged equipment 5 to 15 $50/ton for packaged equipment 5 to 15

tonstons– $20/ton for chillers$20/ton for chillers

15 year measure life15 year measure life


Premium HVAC EquipmentPremium HVAC EquipmentResultsResults

Cooling loads run 1.4 to 10.0 kWh/sf Cooling loads run 1.4 to 10.0 kWh/sf – Building type, location, characteristicsBuilding type, location, characteristics

Upgrade buys about 10% reduction Upgrade buys about 10% reduction energyenergy

Average savings Average savings – 0.3 kWh/sf west side0.3 kWh/sf west side– 0.5 kWh/sf east side0.5 kWh/sf east side


Premium HVAC EquipmentPremium HVAC EquipmentResultsResults

Cost-effective, but not cheapCost-effective, but not cheap– Marginal for Schools, Warehouse, GroceryMarginal for Schools, Warehouse, Grocery

Replacement Market SavingsReplacement Market Savings– 3.6 MWa/Year at 50 mills/kWh3.6 MWa/Year at 50 mills/kWh– 50 MWa in 202550 MWa in 2025

New Equipment MarketNew Equipment Market– 0.6 MWa/Year at 47 mills/kWh0.6 MWa/Year at 47 mills/kWh– 12.5 MWa in 2025 12.5 MWa in 2025


Premium HVAC EquipmentPremium HVAC EquipmentNext StepsNext Steps

Initiatives to redefine premium efficiencyInitiatives to redefine premium efficiency– It’s not your father’s EERIt’s not your father’s EER– Huge potential in premium economizerHuge potential in premium economizer– Some potential in direct/indirect Some potential in direct/indirect

evaporativeevaporative– Controls/staging/sizing are critical Controls/staging/sizing are critical

componentscomponents Needs considerable attention at national Needs considerable attention at national

level and with manufacturerslevel and with manufacturers


Packaged Roof-Top OptimizationPackaged Roof-Top OptimizationCommissioningCommissioning



Packaged Roof Top Units Packaged Roof Top Units – Near 80% of new building HVAC capacity Near 80% of new building HVAC capacity – Near 60% in older buildings and increasing Near 60% in older buildings and increasing

Most are gas fueledMost are gas fueled Out-of-sight out of mindOut-of-sight out of mind Recent studies in PNW and CA findRecent studies in PNW and CA find

– 80% are sub-optimal80% are sub-optimal– Lots of economizer errorLots of economizer error



Several pilots and programs underwaySeveral pilots and programs underway– EWEB, Puget, NEEA, CAEWEB, Puget, NEEA, CA

Estimates taken from current workEstimates taken from current work– Used Ecotope analysis on both costs and Used Ecotope analysis on both costs and

savingssavings– Developed weighted average package of Developed weighted average package of

costs and savingscosts and savings


Packaged Roof-Top OptimizationPackaged Roof-Top OptimizationAssumptionsAssumptions

Measure bundle conservativeMeasure bundle conservative– Economizer controller to differential control or to Economizer controller to differential control or to

change over at 65Fchange over at 65F– Min/Max OA adjustmentMin/Max OA adjustment– Two-stage stat adjustmentTwo-stage stat adjustment– OA control on heating warm upOA control on heating warm up– Demand Control Ventilation (DCV) on someDemand Control Ventilation (DCV) on some– Air flow check, coil cleaning, charge correctionAir flow check, coil cleaning, charge correction



Two climate zones - Seattle and BoiseTwo climate zones - Seattle and Boise Considered mix of OA settingsConsidered mix of OA settings Two building types with 3 internal gain Two building types with 3 internal gain

levelslevels Typical existing EERsTypical existing EERs $350 per 7-ton unit$350 per 7-ton unit $600 per 7-ton unit with DCV$600 per 7-ton unit with DCV


Packaged Roof-Top OptimizationPackaged Roof-Top OptimizationTypical Savings from Optimization PackageTypical Savings from Optimization Package

Seattle Seattle Cooling Cooling Savings Savings (kWh/sf)(kWh/sf)

BoiseBoise

Cooling Cooling Savings Savings (kWh/sf)(kWh/sf)

DCV DCV Savings Savings Cooling + Cooling + Heating Heating (kWh/sf)(kWh/sf)

OfficeOffice .48.48 0.420.42 0.5 + 3.80.5 + 3.8

Retail High Retail High Internal GainInternal Gain

1.191.19 1.21.2 1.3 + 2.51.3 + 2.5

Retail Low Retail Low Internal GainInternal Gain

.87.87 .66.66 0.9 + 3.40.9 + 3.4


Packaged Roof-Top OptimizationPackaged Roof-Top OptimizationCost Assumptions Cost Assumptions

$350 per 7-ton unit$350 per 7-ton unit $600 per 7-ton unit with DCV$600 per 7-ton unit with DCV Five-year measure life Five-year measure life



Modeled savings adjusted for “As Found” by assuming 80% with problemsModeled savings adjusted for “As Found” by assuming 80% with problems Credit cooling savings at cooling load shapeCredit cooling savings at cooling load shape

– Summer savings highly valuableSummer savings highly valuable Fraction of roof top units and space heat fuel at recent historical mixFraction of roof top units and space heat fuel at recent historical mix

– Assumes old systems convert to roof top unitsAssumes old systems convert to roof top units Applied DCV to fraction of occupancies where it is applicable (need min OA 35%)Applied DCV to fraction of occupancies where it is applicable (need min OA 35%) Used incremental DCV cost and savingsUsed incremental DCV cost and savings


Packaged Roof-Top OptimizationPackaged Roof-Top OptimizationResultsResults

Both Measures almost always cost-effectiveBoth Measures almost always cost-effective 152 MWa in 2025 at 33 mills/kWh152 MWa in 2025 at 33 mills/kWh

Package Roof Top Optimization

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

35.0

40.0

45.0

50.0

<10 <20 <30 <40 <50 <60 <70

Levelized Cost Bin (mills/kWh)

MW

a in

202

5


Built-Up Systems Built-Up Systems HVAC Controls and CommissioningHVAC Controls and Commissioning



Measure applies to larger buildings and to older buildingsMeasure applies to larger buildings and to older buildings Reviewed Commissioning LiteratureReviewed Commissioning Literature Precious few data pointsPrecious few data points Wide range of costs and savingsWide range of costs and savings Looked at individual measure metricsLooked at individual measure metrics



Schedule and Overrides

Air and Water Flow Adjustments and Balancing

OA Control

Economizer Control

Damper Control

Chiller Control

Cooling Tower Approach Temperature

Pressure Reset

Temperature Reset

Simultaneous Heating Cooling

EMS Adjustment

Sensor Error and Calibration

Sensor Placement

VSD Control Air

VSD Control Water

Control Valves

Warm-Up Sequence

Night Purge Sequence



Retro CX Costs by Size

$0.00

$0.50

$1.00

$1.50

$2.00

$2.50

$3.00

$3.50

- 50,000 100,000 150,000 200,000 250,000

Floor Area

$/sf

Direct Cost Adjusted Direct Cost Total Cost

Source: NEEA Study



New CX Costs by Size

$0.00

$0.20

$0.40

$0.60

$0.80

$1.00

$1.20

$1.40

$1.60

$1.80

$2.00

- 50,000 100,000 150,000 200,000 250,000 300,000 350,000 400,000

Floor Area

Cos

t $/s

f

Direct Cost Adjusted Direct Cost Total Cost

Source: NEEA Study



Savings estimatesSavings estimates– Range (–5%) to +45%Range (–5%) to +45%

NEEA Study (existing bldgs) well documentedNEEA Study (existing bldgs) well documented– Range 1% to 38% electric on n=8Range 1% to 38% electric on n=8

Other studies similar rangeOther studies similar range– SMUDSMUD– TexasTexas– PECI summaryPECI summary



Source: NEEA Study

Electric Savings versus Electric EUI

y = 0.5512x - 4.3082

R2 = 0.9146

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

- 5 10 15 20 25

Electric EUI Baseline (kWh/sf)

Sa

vin

gs

kW

h/s

f


Built-Up Systems Built-Up Systems HVAC Controls and CommissioningHVAC Controls and CommissioningInput AssumptionsInput Assumptions

Source: NEEA Study

15% savings off baseline HVAC EUI15% savings off baseline HVAC EUI 6 year measure life6 year measure life By building type and space heat fuelBy building type and space heat fuel Cost $0.35/sf to $1.50/sf depending on sizeCost $0.35/sf to $1.50/sf depending on size Gas savings get O&M creditGas savings get O&M credit Assume 70% applicabilityAssume 70% applicability Only on built-up systemsOnly on built-up systems


Built-Up Systems Built-Up Systems HVAC Controls and CommissioningHVAC Controls and CommissioningResultsResults

Source: NEEA Study

57 MWa at 19 mills/kWh 202557 MWa at 19 mills/kWh 2025


Grocery Refrigeration BundleGrocery Refrigeration Bundle


Grocery Refrigeration BundleGrocery Refrigeration Bundle Night Covers for Display Night Covers for Display

Cases - VerticalCases - Vertical Night Covers for Display Night Covers for Display

Cases - HorizontalCases - Horizontal Strip Curtains for Walk-in Strip Curtains for Walk-in

BoxesBoxes Glass Doors on Open Display Glass Doors on Open Display

Cases (LT)Cases (LT) Glass Doors on Open Display Glass Doors on Open Display

Cases (MT)Cases (MT) New Refrigeration Display New Refrigeration Display

Case with Doors (LT)Case with Doors (LT) New Refrigeration Display New Refrigeration Display

Case with Doors (MT)Case with Doors (MT) Special Doors with Low/No Special Doors with Low/No

Anti-Sweat HeatAnti-Sweat Heat

Anti-Sweat Heat ControlsAnti-Sweat Heat ControlsAuto-Closers for Coolers Auto-Closers for Coolers and Freezersand FreezersEvaporative fan controller on Evaporative fan controller on walk-inwalk-inAir-cooled to Evaporative Air-cooled to Evaporative Cooled CondenserCooled CondenserEnergy Efficient CondenserEnergy Efficient CondenserFloating Head Pressure Floating Head Pressure ControllerControllerEfficient Evaporator Fan Efficient Evaporator Fan Motor - ECMMotor - ECMEfficient Evaporator Fan Efficient Evaporator Fan Motor - PSCMotor - PSCEnergy Efficient Energy Efficient CompressorsCompressors



Costs, Savings and Measure Life from:Costs, Savings and Measure Life from:– CA Express Efficiency Work PapersCA Express Efficiency Work Papers– XenergyXenergy

Remaining measure targetsRemaining measure targets– 50% on Floating Head, Multiplex, System Opt50% on Floating Head, Multiplex, System Opt– 10-40% on glass door cases10-40% on glass door cases– 50% on tripple low-e doors50% on tripple low-e doors– 80% Anti-Sweat Heater Control80% Anti-Sweat Heater Control– 95% PSC and ECM motors95% PSC and ECM motors



All measures cost effective exceptAll measures cost effective except– ECM and PSC motors on the marginECM and PSC motors on the margin

Potential of 40 MWa at 20 mills/kWh 2025Potential of 40 MWa at 20 mills/kWh 2025


VSDsVSDs

Looked at air and water systemsLooked at air and water systems VSDs on fans are cost-effectiveVSDs on fans are cost-effective

– Have become standard practiceHave become standard practice– Included in many package unitsIncluded in many package units– Small remaining savings in built-up systemsSmall remaining savings in built-up systems– 2.5 MWa2.5 MWa

VSDs on chilled water loopsVSDs on chilled water loops– Cost-effective in very large systemsCost-effective in very large systems– Small remaining potentialSmall remaining potential– 1.5 MWa1.5 MWa


Plug Load ControllerPlug Load Controller

Power strip for offices and cubes with integral Power strip for offices and cubes with integral occupancy sensoroccupancy sensor

Control cubicle task lightsControl cubicle task lights Cost-effective at $15 incremental cost Cost-effective at $15 incremental cost

assuming at least 30 watts connectedassuming at least 30 watts connected At 50 watts controllable savings potential isAt 50 watts controllable savings potential is

– 16 MWa at 32 mills/kWh16 MWa at 32 mills/kWh


Premium Fume HoodPremium Fume Hood flume hood.mpg

Typical HoodTypical Hood– Like trying to suck a candle out from ten pacesLike trying to suck a candle out from ten paces– Labs starved for airLabs starved for air– Large HVAC interaction a savings multiplierLarge HVAC interaction a savings multiplier

New design boosts flow at edges with ECMsNew design boosts flow at edges with ECMs– Blow the candle out with laminar flowBlow the candle out with laminar flow– Savings 25% at hood 75% make-up conditioningSavings 25% at hood 75% make-up conditioning– Save 8500 kWh/hood, cost $5000-$6000 incrementalSave 8500 kWh/hood, cost $5000-$6000 incremental

PNW share down estimatePNW share down estimate– 19 MWa on 20,000 hoods, verge of cost-effectiveness19 MWa on 20,000 hoods, verge of cost-effectiveness


Power SupplyPower SupplyAC to DC Conversion in Appliances, Computers, WidgitsAC to DC Conversion in Appliances, Computers, Widgits

Previous estimate 14 MWa for PNWPrevious estimate 14 MWa for PNW Reviewed estimate with Ecos ConsultingReviewed estimate with Ecos Consulting Revised estimate: 142 MWa for PNWRevised estimate: 142 MWa for PNW Example: Efficient Power Supply for a PCExample: Efficient Power Supply for a PC

– Save 147 kWh/year – 20MWa all PNW PCsSave 147 kWh/year – 20MWa all PNW PCs– 8 mills/kWh new8 mills/kWh new– 50 mills/kWh retrofit50 mills/kWh retrofit


HVAC Retrofit and Replacement Potential

0.0

20.0

40.0

60.0

80.0

100.0

120.0

<10 <20 <30 <40 <50 <60 <70

Cost Bin (mills/kWh)

MW

a in

202

5

Premium Fume Hood-New

Plug Load Sensor-Retro

Grocery Refrigeration Bundle-Retro

ReRoof-NR

VSD, ASD-Retro

Built-Up HVAC Control Retrofit-Retro

Built-Up HVAC Controls Optimization-Retro

Controls Commission-New

Package Roof Top Optimization & Repair-RetroGlass-Retro

Glass-NR

Glass-New

Premium HVAC Equipment-NR

Premium HVAC Equipment-New


HVAC Retrofit and Replacement Savings Cumulative 2025

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

<10 <20 <30 <40 <50 <60 <70

Cost Bin (mills/kWh)

MW

a in

202

5

northwest power planning council commercial hvac - envelope crac july 2, 2003

Documents

kwhsf heatingsave

kwhsf coolingelectric

kwhsf gas savings credit

split u40

incremental cost

building types

electric heat buildings

kwhsf glassmore negatives