north carolina solar jobs census 2015

7/25/2019 North Carolina Solar Jobs Census 2015

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2015

NORTH CAROLINA

SOLAR JOBSCENSUS


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ABOUT THE SOLAR FOUNDATION

The Solar Foundation (TSF) is an independent 501(c)(3)

nonproit organization whose mission is to increaseunderstanding of solar energy through strategic research andeducation that transforms markets. TSF is considered thepremier research organization on the solar labor workforce,employer trends, and the economic impacts of solar. It hasprovided expert advice to leading organizations such as theNational Academies, the Inter-American Development Bank, theU.S. Department of Energy, and others during a time of dynamicindustry growth and policy and economic uncertainty.

While TSF recognizes that solar energy is a key part of ourenergy future, it is committed to excellence in its aim to helppeople fairly and objectively gauge the value and importance ofsolar technologies.

ABOUT BW RESEARCH PARTNERSHIP

BW Research is widely regarded as the national leader in labormarket research for emerging industries and clean energytechnologies. In addition to the Censusseries, BW Researchhas conducted rigorous solar installation and wind industrylabor market analysis for the National Renewable EnergyLaboratory, wind energy and energy retroit studies for theNatural Resources Defense Council, a series of comprehensiveclean energy workforce studies for the Commonwealth ofMassachusetts, Illinois, Vermont, Florida, Pennsylvania, Iowa,

and California, as well as numerous skills and gap analysesfor community colleges, workforce investment boards, stateagencies, and nonproit organizations.

ABOUT THE NORTH CAROLINA CLEAN ENERGY

TECHNOLOGY CENTER

The North Carolina Clean Energy Technology Center, as part ofthe College of Engineering at North Carolina State University,advances a sustainable energy economy by educating, training,demonstrating and providing support for clean energy

technologies, practices, and policies. It also administers theDatabase of Incentives for Renewables & Eficiency (DSIRE), aresource providing inancial incentives and clean energy policiesfrom across the country. For more information about theNCCETC, visit: http://nccleantech.ncsu.edu/.Twitter: @NCCleanTech

COVER IMAGE COURTESY OF THE NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY
http://nccleantech.ncsu.edu/http://nccleantech.ncsu.edu/


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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The Solar Foundation (TSF) is a national 501(c)

(3) nonproit organization whose mission is toincrease understanding of solar energy throughstrategic research and education that transformmarkets. In 2010, TSF conducted its irst NationalSolar Jobs Census report, establishing the irstcredible solar jobs baseline and verifying thatthe solar industry is having a positive impacton the U.S. economy. Using the same rigorous,peer-reviewed methodology, TSF has conductedan annual Censusin each of the last six years to

track changes and analyze trends.This North Carolina Solar Jobs Census 2015

report is an offshoot of TSFs National SolarJobs Census 2015 effort. Research partnersfor the Census 2015 effort include the NorthCaolina State University's North Carloina CleanEnergy Technology Center (NCCETC), GeorgeWashington University Solar Institute forproviding assistance and support in reviewingand validating report results and analysis; the

Solar Energy Industries Association (SEIA) for

use of its National Solar Database and peerreview; and GTM Research/SEIA for providingsurvey respondents with the U.S. Solar MarketInsight: 2014 YIR report.

Sponsors of this years Census effort include:Energy Foundation, William and Flora HewlettFoundation, Tilia Fund, George WashingtonUniversity Solar Institute, SEIA, Recurrent,SolarCity, First Solar, Sol Systems, E.ON,Trina Solar, State of Minnesota Department

of Commerce, State of New Mexico EnergyMinerals and Natural Resources Department,Utah Governors Ofice of Energy Development,sPower, Standard Solar, CALSEIA, All EarthRenewables, and groSolar.

Finally, we want to thank all the North Carolinaemployers that participated in the survey. Yourresponses were critical in providing us withaccurate and timely data.

Andrea LueckePresident and Executive DirectorThe Solar Foundation

202-469-3750;[email protected]

www.TheSolarFoundation.org

Philip JordanPrincipal and Vice PresidentBW Research Partnership508-384-2471; [email protected]

www.bwresearch.com

For questions or comments about this report, please contact either:

Please cite this publication when referencing this material as North Carolina Solar Jobs Census2015, The Solar Foundation, available at: www.TSFcensus.organd SolarStates.org
mailto:%[email protected]://www.thesolarfoundation.org/mailto:[email protected]://www.bwresearch.com/http://www.tsfcensus.org/http://solarstates.org/http://solarstates.org/http://www.tsfcensus.org/http://www.bwresearch.com/mailto:[email protected]://www.thesolarfoundation.org/mailto:%[email protected]


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PLACEHOLDER IMAGE

Photo courtesy of So courtesy of GRID Alternatives


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1North Carolina Solar Jobs Census 2015

INTRODUCTION

The U.S. solar industry experiencedyet another record-breaking year

in 2015, with more than 7,400

megawatts (MW) of domestic

photovoltaic (PV) capacity expected

to have been installed an 18.5%

increase over that of 2014 bringing

total U.S. solar capacity to nearly

27.5 gigawatts (GW).1

As the rate of capacity installation hasaccelerated, employers across the countryhave continued to expand the size of their

payrolls. This years sixth annual NationalSolar Jobs Census found that the U.S. solar

industry employed 208,859 workers as of

November 2015, representing the addition

of 35,052 jobs, and a 20.2% increase in

employment over November 2014.Since The

Solar Foundation began tracking these numbersin 2010, employment in the industry has morethan doubled, growing by 123% and adding over115,000 jobs. Employers nationwide expectthis growth trend to continue through 2016,projecting to add nearly 31,000 jobs to the solarworkforce over the course of the year.

Capacity Data Source: SEIA/GTM Research Solar Market Insight Q3 2015

93,502105,145

119,016

142,698

173,807

208,859

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

8,000

0

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015E

AddedCapacity(MW)

SolarJobs

U.S. PV Capacity Additions & Solar Jobs, 2010 - 2015E

PV Capacity Additions Solar Jobs


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The solar industry in North Carolina has sharedin the dramatic growth experienced by the solarindustry nationally. In recent years, the Tar HeelState has catapulted toward the top of the staterankings in terms of installed solar capacity,and in 2015 became just the fourth state toachieve the 1 GW milestone.2 North Carolinacurrently trails only California, Arizona, andNew Jersey, all of which have more than 1,200MWs installed as of the end of September 2015.3Employment in the local industry has kept pace,and as of November 2015, 5,950 workers

are employed by the solar industry at 2,314

establishments across the state.4

As of September, more than 300 MW of solarcapacity had been installed in North Carolinaduring 2015, but industry projections for thelast three months of the year bring the statestotal capacity additions for 2015 to around 1GW.5While such a signiicant end-of-year ramp-up is not uncommon for the solar industry, thesolar market in North Carolina is unique in itscomposition compared to other states acrossthe country. Of the solar capacity installed inthe Tar Heel State since 2010, roughly 95% has

come in the form of large utility-scale projects,with the non-residential market responsible forthe lions share of the remaining 5%.6

The North Carolina residential market hasbeen constrained by state policies prohibiting

third party ownership of electricity generatingfacilities. North Carolina also requires any entitythat sells electricity directly to consumers becertiied as a public utility by state regulators,and thus, is subject to all legal and regulatoryrequirements accompanying the designation.7Innovations in third party ownership modelshave been largely responsible for the recentboom in residential solar installationsnationwide, lowering or even eliminating theassociated upfront costs, thereby reducingthe barrier to entry for many potential solarcustomers who would otherwise be unable toafford it. North Carolina is one of only ive statesacross the country that expressly prohibitsthese practices.8

Interestingly, while North Carolinas policyenvironment has acted to restrict thedevelopment of these smaller solar projects,

Source: SEIA/GTM Research Solar Market Insight Q3 2015

0.0

200.0

400.0

600.0

800.0

1000.0

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015E

AddedCapacity(M

W)

North Carolina Solar Capacity Additions, 2010 - 2015E

Residential Non-Residential Utility


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the opposite has proven true for larger projects.The utility-scale market segment has beneitedfrom various state policies that were originallypassed with little consideration of solar energy.Chief among these, the federal Public Utility

Regulatory Policies Act of 1978 (PURPA)required states to institute their own practicesfor overseeing the development of what thelaw refers to as qualifying facilities, or QFs.Intending to provide certainty for independenthydropower operators in the state, NorthCarolina established a guaranteed 15-yearcontract for each QF smaller than 5 MW betweenthe electric utility and the owner at the utilitysavoided cost, or the cost the utility would haveotherwise incurred to produce that additional

power. Solar companies have effectivelycapitalized on this rule, leveraging the long-term guaranteed cash lows to inance 5 MW orsmaller solar projects all over the state.9

North Carolina utilities are also subject torequirements under the states renewableportfolio standard. Passed in 2007, theRenewable Energy and Energy EficiencyPortfolio Standard (REPS) mandates that allinvestor-owned utilities in the state supply

12.5% of their electricity sales from renewablesources by 2021. At the time of the lawspassage, the relatively high installed cost of solarsystems led policymakers to believe solar wouldnot signiicantly contribute to the fulillment of

these requirements, so a 0.2% solar carve-outwas included to en-sure at least a minimumlevel of solar activity in the state.10

In addition to these policies, since 2007, solarinstallations of any size have been eligible fora tax credit of 35% of their cost, up to $10,500for individual customers or $2.5 million for

corporate customers.11

Although there werelegislative efforts in 2015 to extend the creditbeyond its scheduled expiration date at the endof the year, they failed to gain the necessarytraction and the credit expired on December31st.12The looming expiration of this tax creditlikely instilled a sense of urgen-cy in the localindustry, expediting projects to bring them onlinebefore the end of the year and the expirationof the credit. Because of this, industry expertsexpect capacity additions to slow in 2016. Even

so, North Carolina solar employers project toadd more than 600 positions to payrolls in

2016, growing the states solar workforce by

10.2%.13

As of November 2015, 5,950

workers are employed by the

North Carolina solar industry

at 2,314 establishments.

Photo courtesy of Ross Solar Group


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ABOUT THE NORTH CAROLINA SOLAR JOBS CENSUS 2015This report includes information about alltypes of North Carolina companies engagedin the analysis, research and development,production, sales, installation, and use of all solar

technologies ranging from solar photovoltaics(PV), to concentrating solar power (CSP), tosolar water heating systems for the residential,commercial, industrial, and utility marketsegments.

The indings presented herein are based onrigorous survey efforts throughout the monthsof September, October, and November 2015 thatinclude telephone calls and emails to knownand potential solar establishments across

North Carolina. Unlike economic impact modelsthat generate employment estimates based oneconomic data or jobs-per-megawatt (or jobs-per-dollar) assumptions, The Solar FoundationsSolar Jobs Census series provides statisticallyvalid and current data gathered from actualemployers. This analysis also purposefully

avoids artiicially inlating its results withquestionable multiplier effects often found inanalyses of other industries.

The number of establishments included in thisreport include all businesses that conduct anysolar activity. This includes many businessesthat play a very small part in a solar project,or provide inancing, legal services, or othersupport services to solar irms. Employment,however, is only counted for workers that spendat least 50% of their time on solar.

A full explanation of this methodology can befound on page 15 of this report.

The solar employment numbers included inthe North Carolina Solar Jobs Census 2015 are

very similar to the numbers published by theNorth Carolina Sustainable Energy Association(NCSEA). The slight discrepancy is due onlyto differences in methodology. Read more onNCSEA's approach here.

Photo courtesy of 02 emc, NC
https://c.ymcdn.com/sites/energync.site-ym.com/resource/resmgr/Docs/2015_North_Carolina_Clean_En.pdfhttps://c.ymcdn.com/sites/energync.site-ym.com/resource/resmgr/Docs/2015_North_Carolina_Clean_En.pdf


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Key Data Points

Projected Solar

Jobs Growth, 2016

604(10.2%)

Capacity Installed in

2015 thru Q3 (MW)15

310.4

NORTH CAROLINA

SOLAR JOBSTotal Solar Jobs, 2015

5,950

Cumulative Installed

Capacity thru Q3 2015 (MW)14

1,263.6Detailed employment and demographic data for North Carolina's legislative districts, counties, and metropolitan statistical

areas can be found in the appendix of this report and on The Solar Foundations interactive jobs map at SolarStates.org.
http://solarstates.org/http://solarstates.org/


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WORKFORCEOVERVIEW

Sales & Distribution Jobs

995

Project Development Jobs

572

Other Jobs

855

Manufacturing Jobs

1,144

Installation Jobs

2,384The North Carolina solar industry employs 5,950workers at 2,314 establishments throughout thestate. The state is ranked 9th nationally in solarjobs and 14th in solar jobs as a share of the statestotal employment. Employers expect to addaround 604 new solar workers to payrolls over

the course of 2016 a growth rate of 10.2%

while the states workforce as a whole is

projected to grow only 1.3% during the same

period.16

Installation irms employ the largest portion more than 40% of the North Carolina solarworkforce, followed by manufacturing at justover 19%. This differs from the solar industrynationally, in which 57.5% of the workforce isemployed by installation irms and only 14.5% ofworkers are employed by manufacturing irms. Itis worth noting that project development irmsemploy less than 10% of the states solar workers,even though utility-scale projects were responsiblefor the vast majority of the states 2015 capacity

additions. This could signify that many solar irmsin the state self-identifying as installation irmswork primarily on utility-scale projects, ratherthan residential and non-residential projects liketheir counterparts nationwide.

Solar Jobs Census 2015

SNC S

Wf

U.S. S

Wf

I 40.1% 57.4%

Mufug 19.2% 14.5%

S &

Dbu16.7% 11.7%

Pj

Dp9.6% 10.8%

Other 14.4% 5.7%


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N C

S Wf

N C O

Ep17U.S. S

Wf

W 24.2% 47.5% 23.8%

Af-A 5.3% 20.3% 5.1%

A Pf

Id4.8% 3.1% 8.7%

L Hp 3.8% 9.8% 11.3%

Od W

(55+)23.1% 22.2% 18.6%

U Mb 1.0% - 5.5%

V f U.S.

Ad F7.8% 8.0% 8.1%

The North Carolina solar workforce is generallyless diverse than the states workforce as awhole, with women (24.2%), African-Americans(5.3%), and Latinos (3.8%) all relativelyunderrepresented. However, women, African-Americans, and older workers are represented in

the state solar workforce at higher rates than theircounterparts in the solar industry nationwide.

Veterans of the U.S. Armed Forces represent auniquely valuable source of human capital forsolar employers. With a proven work ethic andpracticed discipline, veterans bring a wealth

of readily transferable skills and leadershipacumen to the industry. Through the Solar ReadyVets program, the U.S. Department of Energy ishelping the industry capitalize on this resourceby facilitating the transition from military serviceto employment in the civilian solar workforce.18

North Carolina solar irms have yet to takeadvantage of this value proposition to quite

the same extent as their counterparts across

the country, with veterans comprising only

7.8% of the states solar workforce, compared

to 8.0% of the states workforce as a whole

and 8.1% of the solar workforce nationally.


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PSu A D

Md Wg

U.S.

Md Wg

S I $18.00 $21.00

S S Rp $32.40 $28.85

S S Dg $20.00 $26.92

S Ab W - $18.00

Wages paid by irms in the North Carolina solarindustry do not differ in a signiicant way from

those paid by solar employers across the otherstates comprising the U.S. Census Bureaus SouthAtlantic Division.19Solar installers and systemdesigners in the state are among the lowest paidin the country, at $18.00 and $20.00 per hourrespectively, but solar sales representatives arebetter paid than their counterparts nationally.

Solar employers in North Carolina experiencea similar level of dificulty inding qualiied

candidates to ill openings on their payrollsas other solar irms across the country. This is

somewhat surprising, considering that solaremployers in the state have generally morestringent requirements for new hires thantheir counterparts nationally. In 2015, 88.4%of solar positions hired in the state requiredprevious solar-related work experience (67%nationally), 52.2% required a bachelors degreeor higher (35% nationally), and 15.9% requiredan associates degree or certiicate, but not abachelors degree (10% nationally).

24.2%

24.6%

22.7%

51.7%

52.3%

54.5%

24.2%

23.1%

22.7%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

National

South Atlantic

North Carolina

Difficulty Hiring in North Carolina

Not Difficult Somewhat Difficult Very Difficult


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Just over 41% of North Carolina solar irmsreported that they receive all of their revenuesfrom solar activities, which is lower than thenational average of 48.2%, while 32.4% reportedthat they receive less than half of their revenuesfrom solar activities, compared to 28.5%nationally.

A smaller portion of the states solar irms (56.8%)work primarily with in-state customers than solarirms nationally (65.6%). The remainder of thestates solar irms (43.2%) reported workingprimarily with domestic customers outsideof North Carolinas neighboring states. Thisparticular point is perhaps unsurprising, giventhe relatively undeveloped solar markets of thesoutheastern states outside of North Carolina.

As part of the 2015 Census effort, employerswere asked about the impacts of speciic existing,

pending, and proposed policies on their businessprospects. North Carolina employers primarilycited the federal investment tax credit (ITC) assubstantially contributing to their irms success,with 51.4% of respondents referring to it directly.The states renewable portfolio standard, theREPS, was a close second, cited by 45.9% of irms.Other tax exemptions, credits, and rebates werecited as beneicial by 29.7% of irms, possibly inreference to the states recently expired renewableenergy tax credit.

The following pages include detailed breakdownsof workforce data by sector. While there are anumber of North Carolina solar irms focusingon manufacturing, sales & distribution, and otheractivities, these irms responded to the surveyin insuficient numbers to provide statisticallysigniicant data for each individual sector.

0.0% 10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0% 50.0% 60.0%

Accelerated Depreciation

RECs

EPA Clean Power Plan

Other Tax Exemptions, Credits, & Rebates

State Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS)

Investment Tax Credit (ITC)

Businesses Citing Policies Contributing to Success

North Carolina National


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INSTALLATION

The installation sector is thelargest sector of the U.S. solar

industry and is composedof companies that primarilyinstall PV, solar water heating,and other solar energytechnologies.

The installation sector is responsible for 40.1%of all solar employment in North Carolina,

employing 2,384 workers. Installation irmsin the state report that only 46.2% of theiremployees work primarily on the installationor repair of solar systems, compared to 56.1%of the employees at installation irms acrossthe country. Conversely, 19.3% of employees atthese irms work primarily on the productionor manufacture of solar-related products andequipment, compared to just 4.0% nationally,suggesting North Carolina installation irms tendto bring a larger portion of the manufacturing

process in-house than their counterpartsnationwide.

Establishments

1,597

Solar Installer

Median Wage

$18/hr

Sector Jobs

2,384


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A larger percentage of North Carolinainstallation irms (85.7%) work primarily within-state customers than their counterparts inthe installation sector nationwide (81.5%).Interestingly, a signiicantly smaller percentageof installation irms in the state are pure play

solar businesses, receiving 100% of theirrevenue from solar activities, than installationirms across the country.

Fewer installation irms in North Carolinacited the ITC as materially contributing to theirsuccess than installation irms nationally. Thisis likely a direct result of the states own 35%renewable energy tax credit, though now thatthis credit has expired, the ITC is certain to earn

more attention from the sector.

0.0% 10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0% 50.0% 60.0%

EPA Clean Power Plan

Other Tax Exemptions, Credits, & Rebates

State Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS)

Investment Tax Credit (ITC)

Installation Firms Citing Policies Contributing to Success

NC Installation U.S. Installation

11.7%

21.4%

7.2%

21.4%

22.1%

14.3%

Pure Plays, 59.0%

Pure Plays, 42.9%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

U.S. Installation

NC Installation

Installation Sector - % Revenues from Solar

1-24% 25-49% 50-99% Pure Plays


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PROJECTDEVELOPMENT

The project developmentsector includes companiesthat plan, design and buildlarge commercial- andutility-scale solar projects.

The project development sector is responsible for9.6% of all solar employment in North Carolina,employing 572 workers. Project developmentirms in the state report that only 38.4% of their

employees work primarily on the installation orrepair of solar systems, compared to 45.6% of theemployees at project development irms acrossthe country. Similar to the states installationsector, a larger percentage of employees at NorthCarolina project development irms are directlyinvolved in the production or manufacture ofsolar-related products and equipment (14.1%)than at project development irms nationally(9.2%). This internal structure furtherdemonstrates the motivation of solar irms in

the state to bring elements of the manufacturingprocess in-house.

Establishments

134

Solar System Designer

Median Wage

$20/hr

Sector Jobs

572


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North Carolina project developers reportsigniicantly greater levels of dificulty indingqualiied candidates to ill openings on theirpayrolls than state solar irms more broadly, aswell as other irms in the project developmentsector nationwide.

A slightly smaller percentage of North Carolinaproject development irms (70.0%) workprimarily with in-state customers than their

counterparts in the project development sectornationwide (74.9%). These irms also tend tobe less solar-focused in terms of their revenuestreams, with a signiicantly smaller percentagebeing pure play solar businesses (receiving100% of their revenue from solar activities)than project development irms across the

country.

21.4%

8.3

%

54.1%

58.3%

24.5%

33.3%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

U.S. Project Development

NC Project Development

Project Development Sector - Difficulty Hiring

Not Difficult Somewhat Difficult Very Difficult

14.5%

20.0%

7.8%

15.0%

23.1%

30.0%

Pure Plays, 54.6%

Pure Plays, 35.0%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

U.S. Project Development

NC Project Development

Project Development Sector - % Revenues from Solar

1-24% 25-49% 50-99% Pure Plays


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CONCLUSION

While the North Carolina solar industryexperienced a record-breaking 2015, withcapacity additions for the year expected to havereached 1 GW, the expiration of a valuable 35%state tax credit on December 31st is likely toslow the rate of installation in 2016. Indeed,industry experts anticipate such a slowdown,with projections for the year falling well belowthe totals for 2015, but still well above thestates capacity additions in 2014. However,rather than 2016 representing a contraction of

the solar industry, it is probable that numerousinstallations, that would have otherwisecommenced operation in 2016, were expeditedto 2015 in order to take advantage of the taxcredit before it expired.

The North Carolina solar industry is, by far,the most robust of any state in the Southeast,boasting the fourth most installed capacity inthe country as of the end of September 2015,and nearly ive times the installed capacity of

its nearest competitor in the region Florida.At 5,950 workers, the Tar Heel States solarworkforce is the 9th largest in the country,well ahead of its immediate neighbors, suchas Tennessee (3,798) and Georgia (3,185),its closest competitors. Even though thestates solar industry employs fewer workersthan the Florida solar industry (6,560), theNorth Carolina solar workforce constitutes adramatically larger portion of total employment

in the state, signifying a higher degree ofimpact on the states overall economy. Evenwith the projected pullback in the states solar

installations for 2016, employers are expectingto expand their payrolls, adding more than 600jobs, representing 10.2% growth over the year nearly eight times the growth expected foremployment throughout the states economy asa whole, but only a little more than two-thirdsthe growth expected for the U.S. solar industryat large.

North Carolinas consistent policy environmenthas provided the solar industry a level of

certainty that has allowed it to lourish.However, to sustain this growth into the future,it is essential that North Carolina employershave ready access to quality talent and skilledlabor or enhance their on-the-job trainingofferings. To achieve this, more focused andcomprehensive solar training efforts in-house, in-state, and across the country mustbe suficiently emphasized. These efforts wouldreduce the industrys talent acquisition, training,and retention costs, increasing eficiency across

the solar value chain, and ultimately reducingcosts for North Carolina solar customers.

This research shows that the North Carolinasolar industry is a growing source of economicopportunity, creating jobs that pay livingwages and are largely available to individualsof different backgrounds from across the state.Only regular reexaminations of the states solarindustry, its workforce, and the employmentopportunities presented herein will conirm

this potential is realized in years to come.


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The Solar Jobs Censusmethodology is the mostclosely aligned with the Bureau of Labor Statis-tics (BLS) methodology for its Quarterly Cen-sus of Employment and Wages (QCEW) andCurrent Employment Statistics (CES). Like BLS,this study uses survey questionnaires and em-ployer-reported data, though ours are adminis-tered by phone and web, as opposed to mail.

Also like BLS, we develop a hierarchy of vari-ous categories that represent solar value chain

activities (within their broader NAICS frame-work), develop representative sample frames,and use statistical analysis and extrapolation ina very similar manner to BLS. We also constrainour universe of establishments by relying onthe most recent data from the BLS or the statedepartments of labor, depending on which iscollected most recently. We believe that the cat-egories that we have developed could be read-ily adopted by BLS should it choose to begin toquantify solar employment in its QCEW and CES

series.

The results from the overall 2015 Censuseffortare based on rigorous survey efforts that include287,962 telephone calls and over 44,220 emailsto known and potential energy establishmentsacross the United States, resulting in a total of2,350 full completions for solar establishmentsin the U.S. Unlike economic impact models thatgenerate employment estimates based on eco-nomic data or jobs-per-megawatt (or jobs-per-

dollar) assumptions, the Solar Jobs Census se-ries provides statistically valid and current datagathered from actual employers.

The survey was administered to a known uni-verse of energy employers that includes 68,494establishments and is derived from the SolarEnergy Industry Associations National SolarDatabase, as well as other public and private

sources. Of these establishments, 2,118 identi-ied as solar and completed full or substantiallycompleted surveys.

The survey was also administered to a strati-ied, clustered, random sampling from variousindustries that are potentially energy-related(unknown universe) that include a total of ap-proximately 314,000 establishments nation-wide. After an extensive cleaning and de-dupli-cation process, a sampling plan was developed

that gathered information on the level of solaractivity (including none) from 12,765 establish-ments. Of these, 327 establishments qualiiedas solar establishments and completed full sur-veys. The sampling rigor in the known and un-known universes provides a margin of error forestablishment counts at +/-0.85% and employ-ment at +/-1.99% at a 95% conidence interval.

This level of national sampling rigor is mirroredat the state level. In addition to the known Cen-

sus, the clustered sampling in the unknownuniverse is representative relative to establish-ment totals by size in each of the 50 states andthe District of Columbia. This ensures that eachstates employment estimates are accurate witha maximum margin of error under +/-5% at a95% conidence interval.

Due to the number of qualifying responses,some smaller states have higher margins of er-ror for non-employment related questions, such

as workforce and policy related questions, dueto the small universe of solar establishments ineach state. As a result, some state-level, non-em-ployment data is reported using regional aver-ages or have footnotes denoting small responsesizes.

APPENDIX

STATE CENSUS METHODOLOGY AND DATA SOURCES


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GEOGRAPHIC REPRESENTATION OF DATA

In addition to the statewide results detailed

herein, the Solar Jobs Census 2015 effort

compiled comprehensive information about thedistribution of solar workers across each state.

The Solar Jobs Census 2015 companion website,

SolarStates.org,houses solar jobs data for each

state and the District of Columbia. Here, the

employment data have been broken out and

represented in map form at the state, federal

congressional district, state legislative district,

metropolitan statistical area, and countylevels. What follows are tables presenting

the employment counts and demographic

breakdowns of the workforce at each speciied

level of granularity previously mentioned.

DistrictTotal

Employment

WomenAfrican-

American

Asian or

Paciic

Islanders

Latino or

Hispanic

Older

Workers

(55+)

Union

Members

Veterans of

the US Armed

Forces

1 610 125 42 42 14 113 14 26

2 1,002 205 68 68 23 185 23 42

3 372 76 25 25 8 69 8 16

4 524 107 36 36 12 97 12 22

5 592 121 40 40 13 109 13 25

6 331 68 23 23 8 61 8 14

7 238 49 16 16 5 44 5 10

8 505 103 34 34 11 93 11 21

9 937 192 64 64 21 173 21 39

10 501 103 34 34 11 92 11 21

11 249 51 17 17 6 46 6 10

12 36 7 2 2 1 7 1 2

13 54 11 4 4 1 10 1 2

NORTH CAROLINA FEDERAL CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICTS

DistrictTotal

EmploymentWomen

African-

American

Asian or

Paciic

Islanders

Latino or

Hispanic

Older

Workers

(55+)

Union

Members

Veterans of

the US Armed

Forces

1 166 34 11 11 4 31 4 7

2 97 20 7 7 2 18 2 43 65 13 4 4 1 12 1 3

4 97 20 7 7 2 18 2 4

5 124 25 8 8 3 23 3 5

6 70 14 5 5 2 13 2 3

7 10 2 1 1 0 2 0 0

8 182 37 12 12 4 34 4 8

9 114 23 8 8 3 21 3 5

10 134 27 9 9 3 25 3 6

NORTH CAROLINA STATE SENATE
http://solarstates.org/http://solarstates.org/


21/30


DistrictTotal

EmploymentWomen

African-

American

Asian or

Paciic

Islanders

Latino or

Hispanic

Older

Workers

(55+)

Union

Members

Veterans of

the US Armed

Forces

11 35 7 2 2 1 7 1 1

12 113 23 8 8 3 21 3 5

13 66 14 5 5 2 12 2 3

14 297 61 20 20 7 55 7 12

15 154 31 10 10 3 28 3 6

16 119 24 8 8 3 22 3 5

17 102 21 7 7 2 19 2 4

18 22 4 1 1 0 4 0 1

19 101 21 7 7 2 19 2 4

20 118 24 8 8 3 22 3 5

21 17 3 1 1 0 3 0 1

22 449 92 31 31 10 83 10 19

23 69 14 5 5 2 13 2 324 82 17 6 6 2 15 2 3

25 121 25 8 8 3 22 3 5

26 199 41 14 14 5 37 5 8

27 132 27 9 9 3 24 3 6

28 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

29 88 18 6 6 2 16 2 4

30 101 21 7 7 2 19 2 4

31 165 34 11 11 4 30 4 7

32 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

33 16 3 1 1 0 3 0 1

34 126 26 9 9 3 23 3 5

35 156 32 11 11 4 29 4 7

36 302 62 21 21 7 56 7 13

37 670 137 46 46 15 124 15 28

38 17 3 1 1 0 3 0 1

39 48 10 3 3 1 9 1 2

40 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

41 38 8 3 3 1 7 1 2

42 133 27 9 9 3 24 3 6

43 141 29 10 10 3 26 3 6

44 29 6 2 2 1 5 1 1

45 79 16 5 5 2 15 2 3

46 60 12 4 4 1 11 1 3

47 123 25 8 8 3 23 3 5

48 143 29 10 10 3 26 3 6

49 151 31 10 10 3 28 3 6

50 112 23 8 8 3 21 3 5


22/30


NORTH CAROLINA STATE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

DistrictTotal

EmploymentWomen

African-

American

Asian or

Paciic

Islanders

Latino or

Hispanic

Older

Workers

(55+)

Union

Members

Veterans of

the US Armed

Forces

1 60 12 4 4 1 11 1 3

2 67 14 5 5 2 12 2 3

3 76 16 5 5 2 14 2 3

4 89 18 6 6 2 16 2 4

5 15 3 1 1 0 3 0 1

6 91 19 6 6 2 17 2 4

7 74 15 5 5 2 14 2 3

8 34 7 2 2 1 6 1 1

9 33 7 2 2 1 6 1 1

10 35 7 2 2 1 6 1 1

11 188 38 13 13 4 35 4 8

12 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

13 50 10 3 3 1 9 1 2

14 46 9 3 3 1 9 1 2

15 8 2 1 1 0 1 0 0

16 33 7 2 2 1 6 1 1

17 55 11 4 4 1 10 1 2

18 118 24 8 8 3 22 3 5

19 34 7 2 2 1 6 1 1

20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

21 17 4 1 1 0 3 0 122 78 16 5 5 2 14 2 3

23 16 3 1 1 0 3 0 1

24 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

25 10 2 1 1 0 2 0 0

26 75 15 5 5 2 14 2 3

27 25 5 2 2 1 5 1 1

28 12 2 1 1 0 2 0 0

29 128 26 9 9 3 24 3 5

30 400 82 27 27 9 74 9 17

31 14 3 1 1 0 3 0 1

32 11 2 1 1 0 2 0 0

33 72 15 5 5 2 13 2 3

34 195 40 13 13 4 36 4 8

35 42 9 3 3 1 8 1 2

36 123 25 8 8 3 23 3 5

37 3 1 0 0 0 1 0 0

38 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

39 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0


23/30


DistrictTotal

EmploymentWomen

African-

American

Asian or

Paciic

Islanders

Latino or

Hispanic

Older

Workers

(55+)

Union

Members

Veterans of

the US Armed

Forces

40 24 5 2 2 1 4 1 1

41 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

42 55 11 4 4 1 10 1 2

43 53 11 4 4 1 10 1 2

44 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

45 3 1 0 0 0 1 0 0

46 49 10 3 3 1 9 1 2

47 14 3 1 1 0 3 0 1

48 39 8 3 3 1 7 1 2

49 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

50 61 12 4 4 1 11 1 3

51 42 9 3 3 1 8 1 2

52 51 10 3 3 1 9 1 253 6 1 0 0 0 1 0 0

54 30 6 2 2 1 6 1 1

55 153 31 10 10 3 28 3 6

56 5 1 0 0 0 1 0 0

57 140 29 10 10 3 26 3 6

58 53 11 4 4 1 10 1 2

59 58 12 4 4 1 11 1 2

60 93 19 6 6 2 17 2 4

61 23 5 2 2 1 4 1 1

62 6 1 0 0 0 1 0 0

63 26 5 2 2 1 5 1 1

64 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

65 23 5 2 2 1 4 1 1

66 3 1 0 0 0 1 0 0

67 33 7 2 2 1 6 1 1

68 33 7 2 2 1 6 1 1

69 37 8 3 3 1 7 1 2

70 45 9 3 3 1 8 1 2

71 116 24 8 8 3 21 3 5

72 25 5 2 2 1 5 1 1

73 111 23 8 8 3 20 3 5

74 16 3 1 1 0 3 0 1

75 11 2 1 1 0 2 0 0

76 94 19 6 6 2 17 2 4

77 24 5 2 2 1 4 1 1

78 27 5 2 2 1 5 1 1

79 26 5 2 2 1 5 1 1


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DistrictTotal

EmploymentWomen

African-

American

Asian or

Paciic

Islanders

Latino or

Hispanic

Older

Workers

(55+)

Union

Members

Veterans of

the US Armed

Forces

80 15 3 1 1 0 3 0 1

81 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

82 229 47 16 16 5 42 5 10

83 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

84 56 12 4 4 1 10 1 2

85 74 15 5 5 2 14 2 3

86 45 9 3 3 1 8 1 2

87 4 1 0 0 0 1 0 0

88 471 96 32 32 11 87 11 20

89 58 12 4 4 1 11 1 2

90 35 7 2 2 1 7 1 1

91 4 1 0 0 0 1 0 0

92 158 32 11 11 4 29 4 7

93 43 9 3 3 1 8 1 2

94 10 2 1 1 0 2 0 0

95 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

96 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

97 19 4 1 1 0 3 0 1

98 38 8 3 3 1 7 1 2

99 54 11 4 4 1 10 1 2

100 41 8 3 3 1 8 1 2

101 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

102 11 2 1 1 0 2 0 0103 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

104 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

105 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

106 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

107 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

108 100 21 7 7 2 19 2 4

109 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

110 41 8 3 3 1 8 1 2

111 6 1 0 0 0 1 0 0

112 31 6 2 2 1 6 1 1

113 84 17 6 6 2 16 2 4

114 214 44 15 15 5 39 5 9

115 32 7 2 2 1 6 1 1

116 16 3 1 1 0 3 0 1

117 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

118 46 9 3 3 1 9 1 2

119 39 8 3 3 1 7 1 2

120 39 8 3 3 1 7 1 2


25/30


Metropolitan

Statistical Area

Total

EmploymentWomen

African-

American

Asian or

Paciic

Islanders

Latino

or

Hispanic

Older

Workers

(55+)

Union

Members

Veterans of

the US Armed

Forces

Asheville, NC 359 73 24 24 8 66 8 15

Burlington, NC 69 14 5 5 2 13 2 3

Charlotte-

Gastonia-

Concord, NC-SC

1,428 292 97 97 32 263 32 60

Durham, NC 603 123 41 41 14 111 14 25

Fayetteville, NC 140 29 10 10 3 26 3 6

Goldsboro, NC 53 11 4 4 1 10 1 2

Greensboro-

High Point, NC384 79 26 26 9 71 9 16

Greenville, NC 81 17 6 6 2 15 2 3

Hickory-Lenoir-Morganton, NC 149 30 10 10 3 27 3 6

Jacksonville, NC 65 13 4 4 1 12 1 3

NC NONMETRO-

POLITAN AREA1,255 257 86 86 29 231 29 53

Raleigh-Cary, NC 823 168 56 56 19 152 19 35

Rocky Mount,

NC62 13 4 4 1 11 1 3

Virginia

Beach-Norfolk-

Newport News,

VA-NC

18 4 1 1 0 3 0 1

Wilmington, NC 235 48 16 16 5 43 5 10

Winston-Salem,

NC226 46 15 15 5 42 5 10

NORTH CAROLINA METROPOLITAN STATISTICAL AREAS

NORTH CAROLINA COUNTIES

CountyTotal

EmploymentWomen

African-

American

Asian or

Paciic

Islanders

Latino or

Hispanic

Older

Workers

(55+)

Union

Members

Veterans of

the US Armed

Forces

Alamance 69 14 5 5 2 13 2 3

Alexander 13 3 1 1 0 2 0 1

Alleghany 6 1 0 0 0 1 0 0

Anson 17 4 1 1 0 3 0 1

Ashe 14 3 1 1 0 3 0 1

Avery 14 3 1 1 0 3 0 1

Beaufort 31 6 2 2 1 6 1 1

Bertie 6 1 0 0 0 1 0 0

Bladen 19 4 1 1 0 3 0 1

Brunswick 57 12 4 4 1 11 1 2

Buncombe 268 55 18 18 6 49 6 11


26/30


CountyTotal

EmploymentWomen

African-

American

Asian or

Paciic

Islanders

Latino or

Hispanic

Older

Workers

(55+)

Union

Members

Veterans of

the US Armed

Forces

Burke 31 6 2 2 1 6 1 1

Cabarrus 141 29 10 10 3 26 3 6

Caldwell 25 5 2 2 1 5 1 1Camden 3 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

Carteret 37 8 3 3 1 7 1 2

Caswell 4 1 0 0 0 1 0 0

Catawba 80 16 5 5 2 15 2 3

Chatham 23 5 2 2 1 4 1 1

Cherokee 14 3 1 1 0 3 0 1

Chowan 8 2 1 1 0 2 0 0

Clay 6 1 0 0 0 1 0 0

Cleveland 37 8 3 3 1 7 1 2

Columbus 27 5 2 2 1 5 1 1

Craven 45 9 3 3 1 8 1 2

Cumberland 127 26 9 9 3 23 3 5

Currituck 18 4 1 1 0 3 0 1

Dare 39 8 3 3 1 7 1 2

Davidson 56 11 4 4 1 10 1 2

Davie 20 4 1 1 0 4 0 1

Duplin 35 7 2 2 1 6 1 1

Durham 150 31 10 10 3 28 3 6

Edgecombe 16 3 1 1 0 3 0 1

Forsyth 179 37 12 12 4 33 4 8

Franklin 19 4 1 1 0 4 0 1

Gaston 126 26 9 9 3 23 3 5

Gates 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Graham 4 1 0 0 0 1 0 0

Granville 15 3 1 1 0 3 0 1

Greene 6 1 0 0 0 1 0 0

Guilford 292 60 20 20 7 54 7 12

Halifax 17 3 1 1 0 3 0 1

Harnett 46 9 3 3 1 8 1 2Haywood 35 7 2 2 1 6 1 1

Henderson 51 10 3 3 1 9 1 2

Hertford 6 1 0 0 0 1 0 0

Hoke 8 2 1 1 0 1 0 0

Hyde 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Iredell 94 19 6 6 2 17 2 4

Jackson 23 5 2 2 1 4 1 1

Johnston 54 11 4 4 1 10 1 2


27/30


CountyTotal

EmploymentWomen

African-

American

Asian or

Paciic

Islanders

Latino or

Hispanic

Older

Workers

(55+)

Union

Members

Veterans of

the US Armed

Forces

Jones 3 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

Lee 29 6 2 2 1 5 1 1

Lenoir 27 6 2 2 1 5 1 1

Lincoln 31 6 2 2 1 6 1 1

Macon 25 5 2 2 1 5 1 1

Madison 6 1 0 0 0 1 0 0

Martin 11 2 1 1 0 2 0 0

McDowell 17 3 1 1 0 3 0 1

Mecklenburg 1,019 208 69 69 23 188 23 43

Mitchell 8 2 1 1 0 1 0 0

Montgomery 10 2 1 1 0 2 0 0

Moore 45 9 3 3 1 8 1 2

Nash 46 9 3 3 1 9 1 2New Hanover 155 32 11 11 4 29 4 7

Northampton 6 1 0 0 0 1 0 0

Onslow 67 14 5 5 2 12 2 3

Orange 413 85 28 28 9 76 9 17

Pamlico 6 1 0 0 0 1 0 0

Pasquotank 22 5 2 2 1 4 1 1

Pender 22 5 2 2 1 4 1 1

Perquimans 3 1 0 0 0 1 0 0

Person 17 3 1 1 0 3 0 1

Pitt 76 16 5 5 2 14 2 3

Polk 13 3 1 1 0 2 0 1

Randolph 51 11 4 4 1 9 1 2

Richmond 17 4 1 1 0 3 0 1

Robeson 43 9 3 3 1 8 1 2

Rockingham 41 8 3 3 1 8 1 2

Rowan 52 11 4 4 1 10 1 2

Rutherford 34 7 2 2 1 6 1 1

Sampson 26 5 2 2 1 5 1 1

Scotland 13 3 1 1 0 2 0 1

Stanly 26 5 2 2 1 5 1 1

Stokes 12 3 1 1 0 2 0 1

Surry 33 7 2 2 1 6 1 1

Swain 4 1 0 0 0 1 0 0

Transylvania 21 4 1 1 0 4 0 1

Tyrrell 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Union 126 26 9 9 3 23 3 5

Vance 15 3 1 1 0 3 0 1


28/30


CountyTotal

EmploymentWomen

African-

American

Asian or

Paciic

Islanders

Latino or

Hispanic

Older

Workers

(55+)

Union

Members

Veterans of

the US Armed

Forces

Wake 750 153 51 51 17 138 17 32

Warren 9 2 1 1 0 2 0 0

Washington 5 1 0 0 0 1 0 0

Watauga 30 6 2 2 1 5 1 1

Wayne 45 9 3 3 1 8 1 2

Wilkes 31 6 2 2 1 6 1 1

Wilson 27 5 2 2 1 5 1 1

Yadkin 15 3 1 1 0 3 0 1

Yancey 11 2 1 1 0 2 0 0


29/30

ENDNOTES1. SEIA/GTM Research Solar Market Insight Q3 2015

2. Hales, R. L. (2015, September 28). North Carolina possesses 1 GW of Solar Capacity. Retrieved January 25, 2016,from http://theecoreport.com/north-carolina-possesses-1-gw-of-solar-capacity/

3. SEIA/GTM Research Solar Market Insight Q3 2015

4. The Solar Foundations 2014 estimate of solar employment in North Carolina was produced using a carefullydeveloped dual methodology one for installation and construction jobs and another for non-installationjobs (covering industry sectors such as manufacturing, sales & distribution, project development, and otheroccupations that support the solar industry). Method one used labor intensity multipliers developed internallyand cross-checked with leading studies on the subject, while method two was based not only on a direct count ofsolar workers, but also the average number of jobs per solar establishment and total number of establishmentsin the state. It is important to note that while the 2014 and 2015 methodologies differ, the results derived fromthe Censusapproach are statistically signiicant and, therefore, more credible. Details on the Censusmethodologycan be found on page 15 of this report.


6. The residential, non-residential, and utility-scale market segments are deined by SEIA based on the offtaker ofthe electricity their systems generate, though they can generally be used interchangeably with small-scale (i.e.

single-family household rooftop systems, no more than a handful of kilowatts), medium-scale (i.e. multi-unit,commercial, or government rooftop system), and large-scale (i.e. ground-mounted or very large rooftop systemsranging from several hundred kilowatts to several hundred megawatts in capacity).

7. Trabish, H. K. (2015, November 12). TPO showdown: Duke faces off against greens over NC church's solar array.Retrieved January 25, 2016, from http://www.utilitydive.com/news/tpo-showdown-duke-faces-off-against-greens-over-nc-churchs-solar-array/408799/

8. 3rd Party Solar PV Power Purchase Agreement - July 2015. Retrieved January 19, 2016, from http://ncsolarcen-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/3rd-Party-PPA_072015.pdf

9. Smith, O., & Owens, C. (2015, April 27). 5 Reasons for North Carolina's Rapid Emergence as a Solar Energy Leader.Retrieved January 25, 2016, from http://blog.rmi.org/blog_2015_04_27_ive_reasons_for_north_carolinas_rapid_emergence_as_solar_energy_leader

10. Id.

11. DSIRE, NC Clean Energy Technology Center. North Carolina Renewable Energy Tax Credit. Retrieved January 25,2016, from http://programs.dsireusa.org/system/program/detail/541

12. Morrison, C. (2015, November 13). NC reaches solar energy milestone. Retrieved January 26, 2016, from https://mountainx.com/news/nc-reaches-solar-energy-milestone/

13. It is important to note that these projections were based on employer-reported hiring plans for 2016 that mayhave since changed in light of the extension of the federal investment tax credit in December of 2015.


15. Id.

16. JobsEQ 2015Q3

17. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by state 2014Annual Averages and Employment status of veterans 18 years and over by state 2014 Annual Averages.Found at:http://www.bls.gov/

18. See, U.S. Department of Energy Solar Ready Vets. Available at: http://energy.gov/eere/sunshot/solar-ready-vets

19. U.S Census Bureau, Geographic Terms and Concepts - Census Divisions and Census Regions. Found at: https://www.census.gov/geo/reference/gtc/gtc_census_divreg.html

COPYRIGHT NOTICEUnless otherwise noted, all design, text, graphics, and the selection and arrangement thereof are Copyright February 2016 by The Solar Foundationand BW Research Partnership. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Any use of materials in this report, including reproduction, modiication, distribution, orrepublication, without the prior written consent of The Solar Foundation and BW Research Partnership, is strictly prohibited.

For questions about this report, please contact Andrea Luecke at The Solar Foundation, [email protected].

The Solar Foundation is a 501(c)(3) nonproit and relies on public support. To learn more about supporting The Solar Foundations work, go to

www.TheSolarFoundation.org/donate/
http://theecoreport.com/north-carolina-possesses-1-gw-of-solar-capacity/http://www.utilitydive.com/news/tpo-showdown-duke-faces-off-against-greens-over-nc-churchs-solar-array/408799/http://www.utilitydive.com/news/tpo-showdown-duke-faces-off-against-greens-over-nc-churchs-solar-array/408799/http://ncsolarcen-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/3rd-Party-PPA_072015.pdfhttp://ncsolarcen-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/3rd-Party-PPA_072015.pdfhttp://blog.rmi.org/blog_2015_04_27_five_reasons_for_north_carolinas_rapid_emergence_as_solar_energy_leaderhttp://blog.rmi.org/blog_2015_04_27_five_reasons_for_north_carolinas_rapid_emergence_as_solar_energy_leaderhttp://programs.dsireusa.org/system/program/detail/541https://mountainx.com/news/nc-reaches-solar-energy-milestone/https://mountainx.com/news/nc-reaches-solar-energy-milestone/http://%20http//www.bls.gov/http://energy.gov/eere/sunshot/solar-ready-vetshttp://energy.gov/eere/sunshot/solar-ready-vetshttps://www.census.gov/geo/reference/gtc/gtc_census_divreg.htmlhttps://www.census.gov/geo/reference/gtc/gtc_census_divreg.htmlmailto:[email protected]://www.thesolarfoundation.org/donate/http://www.thesolarfoundation.org/donate/mailto:[email protected]://www.census.gov/geo/reference/gtc/gtc_census_divreg.htmlhttps://www.census.gov/geo/reference/gtc/gtc_census_divreg.htmlhttp://energy.gov/eere/sunshot/solar-ready-vetshttp://energy.gov/eere/sunshot/solar-ready-vetshttp://%20http//www.bls.gov/https://mountainx.com/news/nc-reaches-solar-energy-milestone/https://mountainx.com/news/nc-reaches-solar-energy-milestone/http://programs.dsireusa.org/system/program/detail/541http://blog.rmi.org/blog_2015_04_27_five_reasons_for_north_carolinas_rapid_emergence_as_solar_energy_leaderhttp://blog.rmi.org/blog_2015_04_27_five_reasons_for_north_carolinas_rapid_emergence_as_solar_energy_leaderhttp://ncsolarcen-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/3rd-Party-PPA_072015.pdfhttp://ncsolarcen-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/3rd-Party-PPA_072015.pdfhttp://www.utilitydive.com/news/tpo-showdown-duke-faces-off-against-greens-over-nc-churchs-solar-array/408799/http://www.utilitydive.com/news/tpo-showdown-duke-faces-off-against-greens-over-nc-churchs-solar-array/408799/http://theecoreport.com/north-carolina-possesses-1-gw-of-solar-capacity/


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