nonjudicial punishment (njp)
DESCRIPTION
Nonjudicial Punishment (NJP). Purpose of NJP. Commander’s tool for maintaining good order and discipline Promotes behavior change in service- members without courts-martial. U.S. Marine Recruiting Poster. Purpose is Prompt, Visible Discipline - Not Criminal Conviction. Hearing before CO - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Nonjudicial Punishment (NJP)
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Purpose of NJP
• Commander’s tool for maintaining good order and discipline
• Promotes behavior change in service- members without courts-martial
U.S. Marine Recruiting Poster
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Purpose is Prompt, Visible Discipline - Not Criminal
Conviction
• Hearing before CO
• Due Process protection complies with modern norms
• Procedure is less formal
Punishment on board USS Cyane – mid 1800s
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Who Imposes NJP?
• Commanding Officers
• Officers-in-Charge
U.S. Marine General Officers
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NJP Authority
• No one junior to CO or OIC may impose
• Not delegable– CO’s duty to ensure fair treatment of his
subordinates
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Limitations of Superior Commanders
• Cannot direct a subordinate commander to impose NJP
• Cannot influence which offenses should be disposed of under NJP
• Retains authority to take a case to his/her level for disposition
General Patton
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Joint Duty
-Members of different
services are assigned to same
unit
-Generally NJP authority is
retained by a superior of the
same branch
-Personnel may be returned to their
parent service for NJP
NATO Allied Joint Forces Command
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Offenses Punishable at NJP
• Designed for Minor offenses
• Generally - Offenses not punishable by:– Confinement for more than one year– Dishonorable Discharge
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Former Punishment
• NJP may be considered former punishment– NJP cannot be imposed for same misconduct
more than once
• If subsequently court-martialed for same offense, NJP punishment is credited against the court-martial sentence
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Civilian Action and NJP
• Military may punish member for misconduct where:– civilian punishment imposed was
exceptionally light– civilian punishment is impracticable for
continued military service– where unique military interest exists
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Notification and NJP• Service member shall be
informed in writing of:– charges against him or her– the fact that NJP is being considered– a summary of the evidence– the maximum NJP punishments possible– the right to refuse NJP
-The right to speak to a military attorney
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Refusal of NJP• May leave courts-martial
as only alternative
• Is not a right to demand trial by courts-martial
• Right to refuse expires upon imposition of NJP
punishment
– Members on ships may
not refuse NJP
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Rights at Hearing
• To be present and personally present case to the CO
• To remain silent, anything said at NJP may be used later at courts-martial
• A personal representative, though not necessarily a lawyer
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Rights at Hearing
• To be informed of and allowed to examine all evidence to be considered
• To be allowed to speak and present witnesses
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Civilian Witnesses
• Must be reasonably available
• CO has no power to require civilian’s attendance
Civilian Witness providing testimony
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Administrative Matters
• NJP Guide– used by CO’s when conducting NJP
• Military Rules of Evidence– do not apply at NJP
• Standard of Proof– Depends on the service
• U.S. Army – “beyond reasonable doubt”
• U.S. Navy – “preponderance of the evidence”
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Publication of NJP Results• Posting of results in
common area of unit• If for military
personnel only, may be published fully
• If civilians have access to information, names must be removed
• NJP is a military offense, not for public record
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CO Options at Hearing• CO chooses and
announces punishment at the hearing
• Impose NJP• Refer charges to courts-
martial• Postpone imposition of
punishment Commanding Officer announces NJP punishment
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Punishments• Admonition• Reprimand• Reduction in rate and pay• Forfeiture of pay• Loss of liberty• Extra Military Instruction
(EMI)• NO Prison Confinement
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Basis for Maximum Punishments• Grade of imposing officer
• Rank of service member (officer or enlisted)
• Whether it is a ship or shore command– bread & water may not be imposed on shore
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Clemency and Corrective Action
• A member’s commander or reviewing superior commander may:
– SET ASIDE NJP
• removes finding from member’s record
• exercised when there is clear injustice
• must take place within reasonable time frame
– ORDER UNEXECUTED PORTIONS OF PUNISHMENT TO BE CANCELLED
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• A member’s commander or reviewing superior commander may also :
– Reduce punishment– Suspend all or part of the punishment
• These actions must generally happen within four months of imposition
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Appeals
• All members have right to appeal NJP to immediate superior of the imposing officer
• Two grounds for appeal– punishment is unjust– punishment is disproportionate to offense
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• Service members must make timely appeal– must be submitted within five days of
imposition of NJP– extension for good cause may be requested
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Procedure for Appeal
• Submitted in writing by service member
• To the CO’s superior by way of the CO
• CO shall endorse the appeal and include– statement of facts– copies of documents and witness statements– copy of service member’s record of
performance
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Action of Appellate Authority
• “Abuse of Discretion” standard of review
• Can reduce, but not increase, punishment
• May take corrective action or order a rehearing
• At rehearing, maximum punishment limited to original NJP punishment
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