Non Sensitive Information Releasable to the Public

Non Sensitive Information Releasable to the Public

Information inAfghanistan

Brig Nick Pope UK A

Non Sensitive Information Releasable to the Public

Non Sensitive Information Releasable to the Public

IRAN AGHANISTAN

PAKISTAN

TAJIKISTAN

UZBEKISTAN

TURKMENISTAN

KYRGYSTAN

CHINACHINA

Non Sensitive Information Releasable to the Public

Non Sensitive Information Releasable to the Public

2006 - A Year of Transitions

Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb

Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4

RAC-RC(N+W)01 Jun

St3(S)

31 Jul

RAC-RC(C)

06 AugISAF IX ISAF XISAF VIII

RIP04 May

RIP04 Feb

Stage 4 - TOA

Non Sensitive Information Releasable to the Public

Non Sensitive Information Releasable to the Public

Nature of ISAF Operations

• Transitional in Nature

Non Sensitive Information Releasable to the Public

Non Sensitive Information Releasable to the Public

Operational EnvironmentOperational Environment

Non Sensitive Information Releasable to the Public

Non Sensitive Information Releasable to the Public

Non Sensitive Information Releasable to the Public

Non Sensitive Information Releasable to the Public

Operational EnvironmentOperational Environment

Non Sensitive Information Releasable to the Public

Non Sensitive Information Releasable to the Public

Operational EnvironmentOperational Environment

Non Sensitive Information Releasable to the Public

Non Sensitive Information Releasable to the Public

Nature of ISAF Operations

• Transitional in Nature• Multi-Spectrum

– Effects Based Approach (lethal/non-lethal)– Joint Air/Land Operations– Information Operations– Intelligence Led Offensive Operations

Non Sensitive Information Releasable to the Public

Non Sensitive Information Releasable to the Public

COM

DCOM Stab COS DCOM Sy DCOM Air

CJOC Dir

DCOS Sp DCOS Ops

Ops Div Dir

POLAD

Media Advisor

LEGAD

DOS

CJ1 CJ4 CJ6 CJ8

CJ2 CJ5 CJ7 CJ3Engr JCEB FPM

CJMed

LOC Air Ops Dir

CJOCDep DCOS Sp

Info Ops TgtsCJ9 OAB

DEVAD

PRISM

PIO

C-IED

HQ ISAF IX

TacticalLevel

Non Sensitive Information Releasable to the Public

Non Sensitive Information Releasable to the Public

Nature of ISAF Operations

• Transitional in Nature• Multi-Spectrum

– Effects Based Approach (lethal/non-lethal)– Joint Air/Land Operations– Information Operations– Intelligence Led Offensive Operations

• Multi-Agency – Coalition Forces and Air Component– Government of Afghanistan – Afghan Security Forces– Non-Governmental Organisations– International Community

Non Sensitive Information Releasable to the Public

Non Sensitive Information Releasable to the Public

Government of Afghanistan

Reconstruction and Development

Local Population

Afghan Security Forces

Pakistan MilitaryMedia

Non Sensitive Information Releasable to the Public

Non Sensitive Information Releasable to the Public

ISAF

Tri-Partite Commission

International Community

Government of Afghanistan

Tribal Elders

Military

SubordinateCommands

NATO

OEF

Ministries

ANSF

EmbassiesUN

NeighbouringCountries

Pakistan

ANSF

President

NGOs

OGDs

ProvincialGovernors

PSCs

MediaNational

International

The Players

Non Sensitive Information Releasable to the Public

Non Sensitive Information Releasable to the Public

MediaNational

InternationalISAF

Tri-Partite Commission

International Community

Government of Afghanistan

Tribal Elders

Military

SubordinateCommands

NATO

OEF

Ministries

ANSF

EmbassiesUN

NeighbouringCountries

Pakistan

ANSF

President

NGOs

OGDs

ProvincialGovernors

PSCs

The InformationDemand

Non Sensitive Information Releasable to the Public

Non Sensitive Information Releasable to the Public

MediaNational

InternationalISAF

Tri-Partite Commission

International Community

Government of Afghanistan

Tribal Elders

Military

SubordinateCommands

NATO

OEF

Ministries

ANSF

EmbassiesUN

NeighbouringCountries

Pakistan

ANSF

President

NGOs

OGDs

ProvincialGovernors

PSCs

The CIS Supplied

Non Sensitive Information Releasable to the Public

Non Sensitive Information Releasable to the Public

Nature of ISAF Operations

• Transitional in Nature• Multi-Spectrum

– Effects Based Approach (lethal/non-lethal)– Joint Air/Land Operations– Information Operations– Intelligence Led Offensive Operations

• Multi-Agency – Coalition Forces and Air Component– Government of Afghanistan – Afghan Security Forces– Non-Governmental Organisations– International Community

• Multi-National

Non Sensitive Information Releasable to the Public

Non Sensitive Information Releasable to the Public

This is not a UK game

Non Sensitive Information Releasable to the Public

Non Sensitive Information Releasable to the Public

Armenia Bahrain Djibouti Egypt El Salvador Eritrea Ethiopia Fiji Georgia

Greece Hungary Honduras India Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Moldova Mongolia Morocco Nicaragua Oman Pakistan Philippines Qatar

Russian Fed Saudi Arabia Serbia-Montenegro

Singapore South Korea Tajikistan Thailand Tonga Yemen Turkmenistan Ukraine UAE Uzbekistan

GCTF(75)

Albania Australia Austria AzerbaijanCroatiaFinlandIrelandMacedoniaNew Zealand Sweden Switzerland

ISAF(37) Belgium Bulgaria

Canada Czech Rep.Denmark EstoniaFrance GermanyGreece HungaryIceland ItalyLatvia LithuaniaLuxembourgNetherlandsNorway PolandPortugal RomaniaSlovakia SloveniaSpain Turkey UK USA

NATO(26)

This is not a UK game

Non Sensitive Information Releasable to the Public

Non Sensitive Information Releasable to the Public

ISAF JOC May 06

The CIS Reality• 20 mins to open a 2 Mb ppt file

at subordinate HQs• Timesharing on User

Terminals• Map overlays sent as

powerpoint slides• C2 coordinated through e-

mails, telephone calls and conferences

• Staff dedicated to transferring data between various network domains

• No IM discipline - Network servers at full capacity

Non Sensitive Information Releasable to the Public

Non Sensitive Information Releasable to the Public

ISAF IX Approach to CIS

• Create a digitised C2 environment • Improve quality, capacity and resilience of the networks• Mitigate risk wherever possible and actively drive NATO

CIS projects• Establish a single C2 system before ISAF X• Exploit opportunities to use AFG capabilities• Guarantee ISAF IX success through deployment of UK

resources to close NATO CIS capability gaps

Non Sensitive Information Releasable to the Public

Non Sensitive Information Releasable to the Public

Information Management

• Imposed HQ ARRC Electronic Working Practices as the IM model• Influenced HQ ISAF, but not the subordinate HQs• Underestimated:

– Requirement for common IM protocols– Training and Education burden– System management burden– Scale of the task!

Non Sensitive Information Releasable to the Public

Non Sensitive Information Releasable to the Public

Functional Area Sub-Systems (FAS)

• NATO SECRET

– C2PC

– WISE

– JCHAT

– JOIIS

– Ibase

– ICC

– I2 Analyst

– WebTAS

– AIMS

– RFIMS

• CENTRIXS-GCTF

– C2PC

– IWS

– mIRC

– JADOC

• ISAF SECRET

– C2PC

– WISE/JOCWatch

– JCHAT

– JOIIS

– IGeoSIT

– Macromedia Breeze

– TeamSpeak2

– Logrep

– Tasker Tracker

– IMSA

– JADOCs (NATO eyes only)

Non Sensitive Information Releasable to the Public

Non Sensitive Information Releasable to the Public

ISAF JOC May 06

ISAF CJOC Feb 07

The NEC Vision?

Non Sensitive Information Releasable to the Public

Non Sensitive Information Releasable to the Public

IRAN HELMANDSHIRE

PAKISTAN

TAJIKISTAN

UZBEKISTAN

TURKMENISTAN

KYRGYSTAN

CHINACHINA

Non Sensitive Information Releasable to the Public

Non Sensitive Information Releasable to the Public

KANDAHAR

Non Sensitive Information Releasable to the Public

Non Sensitive Information Releasable to the Public

LASHKAR GAH

Non Sensitive Information Releasable to the Public

Non Sensitive Information Releasable to the Public

CAMP BASTION

Non Sensitive Information Releasable to the Public

Non Sensitive Information Releasable to the Public

ISTAR in AbundanceE-8C JSTARS RQ-4 GLOBAL HAWK

RIVET JOINT NIMROD R1 / MR 2

HERMES 450 MQ 1 PREDATOR

HARRIER GR 7/9

U 2 R DRAGON LADY

LUNA

Non Sensitive Information Releasable to the Public

Non Sensitive Information Releasable to the Public

UK J2 (TOP SECRET)

JOCS SG, LYCHGATE

UK C2/J3/J5 (SECRET)

JOCS GS, RAFCCIS

NATO (SECRET 26 EYES)

ISAF (SECRET 37 EYES)

COALITION C2 (SECRET 76 EYES!)

UK J1/J4 (RESTRICTED/UNCLAS)

COMIS / CSUPS / DEMAS / GLOBAL / JPA / LITS MMARS / OLIVER / OMIS / OSCAR / RYAN / RIS / TAV TELEMED / UNICOM / USAS / VITAL / WRAM Etc Etc

UK Complexity!

The Information was available – but where?

Ground Truth?

Non Sensitive Information Releasable to the Public

Non Sensitive Information Releasable to the Public

Thoughts

• Get the communications network infrastructure right– Initial investment is critical– Capacity and Volume are the pre-requisites– Apply network interoperability standards

• Accept (but understand better) the reality of the hierarchical, multi-node, multi-system, multi-network environment

• Existing C2IS/COTS applications can produce significant NEC capability

• Procurement and integration procedures must be sufficiently agile to exploit technical opportunities and keep pace with operational requirements.

• Cross Line of Development approach is essential – especially “Training and People”. Converts equipment into sustainable capability

• The human dimension remains paramount

Non Sensitive Information Releasable to the Public

Non Sensitive Information Releasable to the Public