noaca fact book 2016

NOACA FACT BOOK F a c t s a n d D a t a o n

N o r t h e a s t O h i o2016

June 2 0 1 6

[INSIDE FRONT COVER]

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• ServeastheMetropolitanPlanningOrganization(MPO),withresponsibilityforcomprehensive,cooperativeandcontinuousplanningforhighways,publictransit,andbikeways,asdefinedinthecurrenttransportationlaw.

• Performcontinuouswaterquality,transportation-relatedairqualityandotherenvironmentalplanningfunctions.

• Administertheareaclearinghousefunction,whichincludesprovidinglocalgovernmentwiththeopportunitytoreviewawidevarietyoflocalorstateapplicationsforfederalfunds.

• Conducttransportationandenvironmentalplanningandrelateddemographic,economicandlanduseresearch.

• Serveasaninformationcenterfortransportationandenvironmentalandrelatedplanning.

• AtNOACABoardofDirectordirection,providetransportationandenvironmentalplanningassistancetothe172unitsoflocal,generalpurposegovernment.

Formoreinformation,call(216) 241-2414orlogonatwww.noaca.org

The Northeast Ohio Areawide Coordinating Agency(NOACA)isapublicorganizationservingthecountiesofandmunicipalitiesandtownshipswithinCuyahoga,Geauga,Lake,LorainandMedina(coveringanareawith2.1millionpeople).NOACAistheagencydesignatedorrecognizedtoperformthefollowingfunctions:

NOACA’s Board of Directors iscomposedof45localpublicofficials.TheBoardconvenesquarterlytoprovideaforumformemberstopresent,discussanddevelopsolutionstolocalandareawideissuesandmakerecommendationsregardingimplementationstrategies.Astheareaclearinghousefortheregion,theBoardmakescommentsandrecommendationsonapplicationsforstateandfederalgrants,withthepurposeofenhancingtheregion’ssocial,physical,environmentalandlanduse/transportationfabric.NOACAinvitesyoutotakepartinitsplanningprocess.Feelfreetoparticipate,toaskquestionsandtolearnmoreaboutareawideplanning.

2016 NOACA BOARD OF DIRECTORS

NOACA DIRECTORS

BOARD MEMBERS

BOARD OFFICERS

CUYAHOGA COUNTY (fifteen members)

Samuel J. Alai, Mayor, City of Broadview HeightsTanisha R. Briley, City Manager, Cleveland HeightsArmond Budish, County ExecutiveScott E. Coleman, Mayor, City of Highland HeightsGlenn Coyne, Executive Director, Planning CommissionTimothy J. DeGeeter, Mayor, City of ParmaMichael Dever, Public Works DirectorAnn Marie Donegan, Mayor, City of Olmsted FallsAnthony T. Hairston, County CouncilmanKirsten Holzheimer Gail, Mayor, City of EuclidSusan K. Infeld, Mayor, City of University HeightsCharles E. Smith, Mayor, Village of WoodmereRobert A. Stefanik, Mayor, City of North RoyaltonMichael P. Summers, Mayor, City of Lakewood Deborah L. Sutherland, Mayor, City of Bay Village

CITY OF CLEVELAND (six members)

Freddy L. Collier, Jr., Director, City Planning Commission

Martin J. Keane, City CouncilmanValarie J. McCall, Chief of Government & International AffairsMamie J. Mitchell, City CouncilwomanTerrell Pruitt, City CouncilmanMatthew L. Spronz, P.E., PMP, Capital Projects Director

GEAUGA COUNTY (three members)

Walter “Skip” Claypool, County CommissionerBlake A. Rear, County CommissionerRalph Spidalieri, County Commissioner

LAKE COUNTY (five members)

James R. Gills, P.E., P.S., County EngineerRaymond Jurkowski, General Manager, LaketranKevin Malecek, County CommissionerJudy Moran, County CommissionerDaniel P. Troy, County Commissioner

LORAIN COUNTY (seven members)

Holly Brinda, Mayor, City of ElyriaKenneth P. Carney, Sr., P.E., P.S., County Engineer

G. David Gillock Mayor, City of North Ridgeville Richard Heidecker, Trustee, Columbia TownshipTed Kalo, County CommissionerMatt Lundy, County CommissionerChase M. Ritenauer, Mayor, City of Lorain

MEDINA COUNTY (four members)

Lynda Bowers, Trustee, Lafayette TownshipAnthony Capretta, Councilman, City of BrunswickAdam Friedrick, County CommissionerMichael J. Salay, P.E., P.S., County Engineer

REGIONAL AND STATE (five members)

Greater Cleveland Regional Transit Authority (GCRTA)Joseph A. Calabrese, CEO and General Manager

Northeast Ohio Regional Sewer District (NEORSD)Julius Ciaccia, Jr., Executive Director

Cleveland-Cuyahoga County Port Authority William D. Friedman, President/CEOOhio Department of Transportation (ODOT) Myron S. Pakush, Deputy Director, District 12

Ex officio Member: Kurt Princic, Chief, Northeast District Office, Ohio Environmental Protection Agency (OEPA)

Grace Gallucci, Executive DirectorMarvin Hayes, Director of Communications & Public Affairs

Cheryl A. Kurkowski, CPA, Director of Finance & Operations

Randy Lane, Director of Programming

Susanna Merlone, EMBA, Senior Director of Financial Planning & Performance ManagementKathy Sarli, Director of Planning

Mark Zannoni, Director of Research, Analysis & Policy

William Davis, Associate Director of Operations Management

Jonathan Giblin, Associate Director of Compliance

President: Daniel P. Troy Commissioner, Lake CountyFirst Vice President: Adam Friedrick, Commissioner, Medina CountySecond Vice President: Armond Budish, County Executive, Cuyahoga CountySecretary: Valarie J. McCall, Chief of Government & International Affairs, City of ClevelandAssistant Secretary: Michael P. Summers, Mayor, City of Lakewood

Assistant Secretary: Richard Heidecker, Columbia Township Trustee, Lorain CountyTreasurer: Blake Rear, Commissioner, Geauga CountyAssistant Treasurer: Julius Ciaccia, Jr., Executive Director, Northeast Ohio Regional Sewer DistrictAssistant Treasurer: Susan Infeld, Mayor, City of University HeightsImmediate Past President: Ted Kalo, Commissioner, Lorain County

1) Title & Subtitle

NOACA Fact Book 2016

2) NOACA Report No.

6595t

3) Author(s): Mark Zannoni

Contributions by: Derek Taylor, Gary Grano, Pamela Davis, Gayle Godek, Joe MacDonald, Bill Davis, Marvin Hayes, Kelley Britt, Lawrence Hall, Tim Kovach, and Eric Akin

4) Report Date

June 10, 2016

5) Performing Organization Name & Address

Northeast Ohio Areawide Coordinating Agency 1299 Superior Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44114-3204 Phone: (216) 241-2414 FAX: (216) 621-3024 Website: www.noaca.org

6) Project Task No.

6158

7) NOACA Contract/Grant No.ODOT/FHWA

8) Sponsoring Agency Name & Address

Ohio Department of Transportation1980 W. Broad St., Box 899Columbus, OH 43216-0899

9) Type of Report & PeriodCovered

10) Sponsoring Agency Code

11) Supplementary Notes

Federal funding for this project was provided by the Federal Highway Administration and administered by the Ohio Department of Transportation.

12) Abstract

The NOACA Fact Book is a compilation of statistics and trends related to the transportation and environmental systems in the five-county NOACA region of Greater Cleveland. Designed as an easy-to-read reference, the Fact Book supports NOACA’s mission of region-wide transportation planning and air and water quality management for the Northeast Ohio counties of Cuyahoga, Geauga, Lake, Lorain and Medina; and provides information for public dissemination.

13) Key Words & Document Analysis

A. Descriptors: Data, Statistics, Facts, Roads, Transit, Aviation, Maritime, Bicycle

B. Identifiers/Open Ended Terms

14) Availability StatementNOACA

15) No. Pages 80+vi

16) Price $0.00

http://www.noaca.org/

[This page is intentionally blank.]

NOACA Fact Book 2016

June 2016

NORTHEAST OHIO AREAWIDE COORDINATING AGENCY

1299 Superior Avenue Cleveland, Ohio 44114

noaca.org

Daniel P. Troy Grace Gallucci BOARD PRESIDENT EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR

Preparation of this publication was financed by appropriations from the counties of and municipalities within Cuyahoga, Geauga, Lake, Lorain and Medina; the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; and the U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Transit Administration and Federal Highway Administration, in conjunction with the Ohio Department of Transportation.

Fact Book 2016 i

About this Publication The NOACA Fact Book is a compilation of statistics and trends related to the transportation and environmental systems in the five-county NOACA region of Greater Cleveland. Designed as an easy-to-read reference, the Fact Book supports NOACA’s mission of region-wide transportation planning and air and water quality management for the Northeast Ohio counties of Cuyahoga, Geauga, Lake, Lorain and Medina; and provides information for public dissemination.

Fact Book 2016 iii

Contents

Introduction 1

Section I. Population & Demographics 3

1a. Population Trends, 1950-2010 and 2014 Estimate, Cleveland and the Five NOACA Counties ...................................................................................................................... 3

1b. Population Trends, 1950-2010 and 2014 Estimate, Cleveland and the Five NOACA Counties (Graph) ....................................................................................................... 4

2. Population Trend & Forecast: Downtown Cleveland, 1990-2040 ...................................... 5 3. Regional Population as a Proportion of the State and Country, 2010 .............................. 5 4. Population of the 30 Largest U.S. Metropolitan Areas in the United States,

2000 and 2010 ........................................................................................................................... 6 5. Urbanized Areas per County in the Cleveland Region, 2010............................................. 7 6a. Median Age by County, 2005-2007 and 2011-2013............................................................ 8 6b. Age by Cohort and County, 2010 ........................................................................................... 8 7. Race and Latino Ethnicity by County, 2010 .......................................................................... 9 8. Median Household Income by County, 2005-2007 and 2011-2013 ................................ 10 9. Environmental Justice Populations of the Region, 2011-2013 ........................................ 11 10a. Vehicle Registrations by County, 2014 ............................................................................... 12 10b. Vehicles per Household, 2009-2013 ................................................................................... 12 11. Means of Transportation to Work, 2005-2007 and 2011-2013 ....................................... 13

Section II. Economy & Commerce 14

1a. Greater Cleveland Economy from a State Perspective: Ohio Metropolitan Area GDPs, 2010-2014—Current Dollars ..................................................................................... 14

1b. Greater Cleveland Economy from a State Perspective: Ohio Metropolitan Area GDPs, 2010-2014—Chained 2009 Dollars ......................................................................... 15

1c. Top 30 U.S. Metropolitan Area GDPs, 2010-2014—Current Dollars ............................. 16 1d. Top 30 U.S. Metropolitan Area GDPs, 2010-2014—Chained 2009 Dollars .................. 17 2. Per Capita Real GDP of the 30 Largest U.S. Metropolitan Areas, 2010-2014—

Chained 2009 Dollars ............................................................................................................. 18 3. Greater Cleveland Economy from a Global Perspective: Metropolitan Area and

Country GDPs, 2013............................................................................................................... 19 4a. Foreign Trade Regions with the Cleveland CSA by Direction and Weight, 2015......... 22 4b. Foreign Trade Regions with the Cleveland CSA by Direction and Value, 2015 ........... 22 5. Employment (persons) in the NOACA Counties, January 2005 to October 2015 ........ 23 6. Employment by Sector by County, 2014 ............................................................................. 24 7. Occupational Employment and Wages, U.S. & NOACA Region, 2014 ......................... 25

iv Fact Book 2016

Section III. Transportation 26

A. Infrastructure ................................................................................ 26 1. Regional Transportation Infrastructure ................................................................................ 26 2. Miles of Road by Functional Classification, 2014 .............................................................. 27 3. Federal-Aid Road Lane Miles by County, 2015 .................................................................. 27 4a. Roadway Pavement Conditions on the Federal-Aid System, 2006-2014:

NOACA Region ....................................................................................................................... 28 4b. Roadway Pavement Conditions on the Federal-Aid System, 2006-2014:

Cuyahoga County ................................................................................................................... 29 4c. Roadway Pavement Conditions on the Federal-Aid System, 2006-2014:

Geauga County ....................................................................................................................... 30 4d. Roadway Pavement Conditions on the Federal-Aid system, 2006-2014:

Lake County ............................................................................................................................. 31 4e. Roadway Pavement Conditions on the Federal-Aid system, 2006-2014:

Lorain County .......................................................................................................................... 32 4f. Roadway Pavement Conditions on the Federal-Aid system, 2006-2014:

Medina County ........................................................................................................................ 33 4g. Roadway Pavement Conditions Rated “Fair” or Lower, Five Counties,

2010-2014 ................................................................................................................................ 34 5. Bridge Conditions by County and the Region, 2014 ........................................................... 35 6. Miles of Bike Lanes and Multipurpose Trails, 2013/2015 ................................................... 35 7. Miles of Freight Railroad, 2012 ............................................................................................... 36 8. Freight Intermodal Connectors, 2015 .................................................................................... 37 9. Airports in the NOACA Region, 2015 .................................................................................... 38 10. Navigable Waterways, 2015 ................................................................................................... 38

B. Movement of People and Goods ............................................... 39 11. Daily Vehicle Miles Traveled, 2010-2014 ............................................................................ 39 12a. Non-Local Air Operations at Ohio Airports, 2011-2015 ..................................................... 40 12b. Passenger Enplanements at Cleveland Hopkins International Airport,

2002-2015 ................................................................................................................................ 41 12c. Top 25 Domestic Air Markets for Cleveland, 3rd Quarter 2014 ........................................ 42 13a. Freight Movement at the Port of Cleveland, 2006-2014 ................................................... 43 13b. Freight Movement at Selected U.S. Ports, 2014 ................................................................ 44 14a. Freight Movement in the Cleveland CSA by Commodity, Direction and

Weight, 2015 ............................................................................................................................ 45 14b. Freight Movement in the Cleveland CSA by Commodity, Direction and

Value, 2015 .............................................................................................................................. 47 14c. Freight Movement in the Cleveland CSA by Mode, Direction and Weight, 2015 .......... 49 14d. Freight Movement the Cleveland CSA by Mode, Direction and Value, 2015 ................ 50 15a. Transit Ridership: Annual Unlinked Passenger Trips by Agency, 2009-2014 ............... 51 15b. RTA Ridership: Annual Unlinked Passenger Trips by Mode, 2010-2014 ..................... 51 15c. Top 30 Cities for Transit Ridership by Urbanized Area, 2013 .......................................... 52

Fact Book 2016 v

C. Safety .............................................................................................. 53 16a. Total Vehicular Crashes, 2010-2014 .................................................................................... 53 16b. Total Vehicular Crashes per Million Vehicle Miles Traveled, 2010-2014 ....................... 53 17a. Fatal Vehicular Crashes, 2010-2014 .................................................................................... 54 17b. Fatal Vehicular Crashes per Million Vehicle Miles Traveled, 2010-2014 ....................... 54 18a. Vehicular Crashes Resulting in Injuries, 2010-2014 .......................................................... 55 18b. Vehicular Crashes Resulting in Injuries per Million Vehicle Miles Traveled,

2010-2014 ................................................................................................................................ 55 19a. Vehicular Crashes Resulting in Property Damage Only, 2010-2014 .............................. 56 19b. Vehicular Crashes Resulting in Property Damage Only per Million Vehicle Miles

Traveled, 2010-2014............................................................................................................... 56

D. Residence-Workplace Analysis ................................................. 57 20a. NOACA Residents: Where they Work, 2013 ...................................................................... 57 20b. Workers in the Five County Region: Where they Live, 2013 ............................................ 58 21a. Cuyahoga County Residents: Where they Work, 2013 ..................................................... 59 21b. Workers in Cuyahoga County: Where they Live, 2013 ..................................................... 60 22a. Geauga County Residents: Where they Work, 2013 ......................................................... 61 22b. Workers in Geauga County: Where they Live, 2013 ......................................................... 62 23a. Lake County Residents: Where they Work, 2013 .............................................................. 63 23b. Workers in Lake County: Where they Live, 2013 ............................................................... 64 24a. Lorain County Residents: Where they Work, 2013 ............................................................ 65 24b. Workers in Lorain County: Where they Live, 2013 ............................................................ 66 25a. Medina County Residents: Where they Work, 2013 .......................................................... 67 25b. Workers in Medina County: Where they Live, 2013 .......................................................... 68

Section IV. Environment 69

1. Air Quality Standards Attainment Status, 2015 .................................................................. 69 2a. Ozone Monitoring Locations .................................................................................................. 70 2b. 3-Year Averages for 4th Highest 8-Hour Ozone Readings in Northeast

Ohio, 2001-2014 ...................................................................................................................... 71 3. Annual PM2.5 Rolling 3-Year Averages (highest monitor in each county

each year) for Northeast Ohio, 2001-2014.......................................................................... 72 4. Sulfur Dioxide Attainment/Nonattainment, 2006-2014 ...................................................... 73 5. Highest 3-Month Average Lead Concentrations in Cuyahoga County, 2000-2014 ...... 74 6. Coastline and Public Access, 2007 ...................................................................................... 74 7a. Water Quality for Aquatic Life, 2012 - Map ......................................................................... 75 7b. Water Quality in Nonattainment for Aquatic Life, 2012 ..................................................... 76 8a. Facility Planning Areas, 2015 ................................................................................................ 78 8b. Publicly Owned Treatment Works, 2015 ............................................................................. 79

2016 Fact Book Introduction 1

Introduction The NOACA Fact Book is a compilation of statistics and trends related to the transportation and environmental systems in the five-county NOACA region of Greater Cleveland. Designed as an easy-to-read and usable reference, the book supports NOACA’s mission of region-wide transportation planning and air and water quality management for the Northeast Ohio counties of Cuyahoga, Geauga, Lake, Lorain and Medina; and provides information for public dissemination. The data on these pages are derived from numerous sources, as cited throughout the book. This book is organized into the follow sections:

Section I. Population Section II. Economy & Commerce Section III. Transportation

A. Infrastructure B. Movement of People and Goods C. Safety D. Residence-Workplace Analysis

Section IV. Environment NOACA’s mission and vision are articulated in its Regional Strategic Plan, which highlights the challenges and opportunities to be confronted by a variety of actors. The topic areas and data in this resource provide a wealth of information on a broad range of matters on the region. These data can be used to develop regional priorities based on the information and facts presented here. As such, more than the raw data, it is the story told by the aggregation of information that will make this resource valuable. Some general themes about the region may be drawn from the data contained in this book, as the following paragraphs illustrate. The population of the region is slowly decreasing, from a peak of 2.3 million recorded in the 1970 Census to 2.1 million as of the 2010 Census—a loss of 10.5% over 40 years. A slow population loss may be considered more dangerous than a sudden one, as the latter should call policy makers to action to address the issue, but a slowly leaking area does not inspire any sense of regional urgency. Prior to 1970, population growth in the Cleveland region exceeded that of the nation: between 1940 and 1950 at 17% vs. 15%, and between 1950 and 1960 at 27% vs. 19%. However, beginning with the 1970 Census, the region lagged behind the nation. On the economic front, the Metropolitan Cleveland region remains a major economic center. The gross domestic product (GDP) of NOACA’s five counties is $125 billion (2014), which represents 21% of Ohio’s economy and ranks as the 27th largest metropolitan statistical area (MSA) in the United States. However, the growth of the Cleveland MSA, at 5.5% between 2010 and 2014, while significant in its own right, is lower than that of many metropolitan areas in the U.S., including the composite of all U.S. metropolitan areas, which grew at 8.0% during this time, as the nation emerged from Great Recession. It is outpaced by some other, smaller economies, including those of Cincinnati and Columbus, Ohio. This means that if the current trends continue, Cleveland will not only fall off the list of the top 30 U.S. markets, but it will also lose its dominant position in the State of Ohio.

2 Fact Book 2016

Though employment in the region has sprawled throughout the area over the past several decades, the City of Cleveland remains the region’s economic center, as demonstrated by employment levels in the city and continuing private-sector investment in Downtown Cleveland and University Circle. The Downtown Cleveland population, currently estimated at 14,000, is projected to reach 28,000 by 2040. For employed individuals who live in the five NOACA counties of Cuyahoga, Geauga, Lake, Lorain and Medina, 235,000 work in the City of Cleveland, representing 24.9% of all jobs in the five-county region. The next highest work locations were Mentor and Parma, accounting for 2.7% and 2.3% of all jobs, respectively. In terms of air quality, the region is improving. Though all monitored counties in the region are in nonattainment for the eight-hour ozone standard, only one county currently has an ozone value that exceeds the 2008 National Ambient Air Quality Standard, and the region’s ozone readings are steadily improving. Other pollutants in Northeast Ohio have also experienced steady decline, although nonattainment areas still exist for fine particles, sulfur dioxide and lead. Meanwhile, water quality impacts from point sources have decreased over the past several decades and new water quality standards to address nonpoint sources have been implemented that will lead to expanded protection and improvement of surface waters. On the region’s road network, maintenance needs are growing. In 2006, 35% of roads were classified as “very good.” By 2014, only 20% of roads met the criteria. Meanwhile, the percentage of roads classified between “very poor” and “fair” increased from 28% to 34%. In the region, 77% of all bridges were appraised as in satisfactory condition or better, meaning 23%, representing nearly 700 bridges, are in need of rehabilitation. Passenger boardings at Cleveland Hopkins International Airport increased 9.8% in 2015, from 3.7 million in 2014 to 4.0 million (compared to a 15.8% decrease between 2013 and 2014 resulting primarily from United Airlines’ closure of its hub at the airport between April and June 2014). Meanwhile, mass transit ridership continued to grow, up 15.2% from 2010 to 2014 for the region and up 16.1% for the Greater Cleveland Regional Transit Authority (RTA). Tonnage at the Port of Cleveland increased 20.5% from 2010 to 2014, after stabilizing following continual losses during the Great Recession. And the region witnessed a slight decrease (2.2%) in the number of daily vehicle miles traveled between 2010 and 2014, from 48.4 million to 47.4 million miles. Meanwhile, during this time, the rate of vehicle crashes decreased 5.2% in the region, from 1,015 crashes per million vehicle miles traveled to 962. Details on the trends mentioned above and many other transportation and environmental aspects of the region may be found on the following pages.

Fact Book 2016 Section I. Population 3

Section I. Population & Demographics 1a. Population Trends, 1950-2010 and 2014 Estimate, Cleveland and

the Five NOACA Counties Between 1950 and 1960, the population of NOACA’s five-county region grew 27%, outpacing U.S. growth as a whole at only 15%; however, the population of the region peaked in the 1970 Census and has been losing population very slowly since—on an annual average rate of -0.26% from 1970 to 2010, while the U.S. population continued to grow. From an intra-regional perspective, the City of Cleveland and Cuyahoga County lost significant shares of their population between 1970 and 2010 (-48% and -27%, respectively), while Geauga and Medina counties grew the most proportionally during this time, at 50% and 113%, respectively.

Geography 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2015 Estimate

Change 2010-20151

Change 1970-20152

City of Cleveland 914,808 876,050 750,903 573,822 505,616 478,403 396,815 388,072 -2.2% -48.3%

Cuyahoga 1,389,532 1,647,895 1,721,300 1,498,400 1,412,140 1,393,978 1,280,122 1,255,921 -1.9% -27.0%

Geauga 26,646 47,573 62,977 74,474 81,129 90,895 93,389 94,102 0.8% 49.4%

Lake 75,979 148,700 197,200 212,801 215,499 227,511 230,041 229,245 -0.3% 16.3%

Lorain 148,162 217,500 256,843 274,909 271,126 284,664 301,356 305,147 1.3% 18.8%

Medina 40,417 65,315 82,717 113,150 122,354 151,095 172,332 176,395 2.4% 113.3% Total NOACA Region

1,680,736 2,126,983 2,321,037 2,173,734 2,102,248 2,148,143 2,077,240 2,060,810 -0.8% -11.2%

Change from previous 17.4%3 26.6% 9.1% -6.3% -3.3% 2.2% -3.3% -0.8%

United States4 150.7M5 179.3M 203.3M 226.5M 248.7M 281.4M 308.7M 321.4M 4.1% 58.1%

US change from previous 14.5%3 19.0% 13.3% 11.5% 9.8% 13.2% 9.7% 4.1%

Source: U.S. Census, 1940, 1950, 1960, 1970, 1980, 1990, 2000, 2010, 2015 Notes: 1 For 2010 to 2015, the data compare 2010 Census to the Census Bureau estimate as of July 1, 2014, covering 4.25

years. 2 For 1970 to 2015, data compare the actual census count of 1970, the decennial Census year the region peaked in

population, to the Census Bureau estimate as of July 1, 2015, covering 44.25 years. 3 Change from 1940. 4 Territories and possessions excluded. 5 Excludes Alaska and Hawaii, which received statehood in 1959.

4 Section I. Population Fact Book 2016

1b. Population Trends, 1950-2010 and 2014 Estimate, Cleveland and the Five NOACA Counties (Graph)

The population of the five-county region peaked in 1970. Although Cleveland and Cuyahoga County have steadily lost population, the remaining NOACA counties have steadily gained residents. (Exact figures can be found on the preceding page.)

Source: U.S. Census, 1940, 1950, 1960, 1970, 1980, 1990, 2000, 2010, 2015 Note: 1 Estimate as of July 1, 2015.

-

200,000

400,000

600,000

800,000

1,000,000

1,200,000

1,400,000

1,600,000

1,800,000

2,000,000

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

City of Cleveland Cuyahoga Geauga Lake Lorain Medina

20151


2. Population Trend & Forecast: Downtown Cleveland, 1990-2040 Despite continual population loss in the City of Cleveland and Cuyahoga County over the past few decades, the recent increase in population in Downtown Cleveland is noteworthy. It follows national trends of population movement of Millennials and “empty nesters” to urban and downtown neighborhoods, and a movement away from car-dependent suburbs.

Year Population

1990 Census 5,017 2000 Census 6,310 2010 Census 9,464 2015 Estimate 13,547 2020 Projected 16,847 2030 Projected 22,166 2040 Projected 27,508

Source: U.S. Census, 1990, 2000, 2010; NOACA Analysis for 2015 Estimate and 2020-2040 preliminary projections 3. Regional Population as a Proportion of the State and Country, 2010 The five NOACA counties make up 18% of Ohio’s population and 0.7% of the U.S. population. The population of Cuyahoga and the six contiguous surrounding counties compose nearly one-quarter of the state’s population and nearly 1% of the U.S. population.

Geography 2010 Census % of State % of U.S.

Cleveland City 396,815 3.4% 0.1% Cuyahoga 1,280,122 11.1% 0.4% Geauga 93,389 0.8% 0.0% Lake 230,041 2.0% 0.1% Lorain 301,356 2.6% 0.1% Medina 172,332 1.5% 0.1% Total NOACA Region 2,077,240 18.0% 0.7% Ohio 11,536,504 United States 308,745,538

Source: U.S. Census, 2010

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

1990 2000 2010 2020Projected

2030Projected

2040Projected

2015 Estimate: 13,547


4. Population of the 30 Largest U.S. Metropolitan Areas in the United

States, 2000 and 2010 In the ranking of the largest metropolitan areas of the United States, as defined by the Department of Commerce, the five-county NOACA region ranks 29th.

2010 Rank Metropolitan Area

Population Change, 2000 to 2010

2000 2010 Number Percent

1 New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ-PA 18,944,519 19,567,410 622,891 3.3 2 Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA 12,365,627 12,828,837 463,210 3.7 3 Chicago-Naperville-Elgin, IL-IN-WI 9,098,316 9,461,105 362,789 4.0 4 Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX 5,204,126 6,426,214 1,222,088 23.5 5 Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD 5,687,147 5,965,343 278,196 4.9 6 Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land, TX 4,693,161 5,920,416 1,227,255 26.1 7 Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV 4,837,428 5,636,232 798,804 16.5 8 Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach, FL 5,007,564 5,564,635 557,071 11.1 9 Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, GA 4,263,438 5,286,728 1,023,290 24.0

10 Boston-Cambridge-Newton, MA-NH 4,391,344 4,552,402 161,058 3.7 11 San Francisco-Oakland-Hayward, CA 4,123,740 4,335,391 211,651 5.1 12 Detroit-Warren-Dearborn, MI 4,452,557 4,296,250 -156,307 -3.5 13 Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA 3,254,821 4,224,851 970,030 29.8 14 Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, AZ 3,251,876 4,192,887 941,011 28.9 15 Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue, WA 3,043,878 3,439,809 395,931 13.0 16 Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI 3,031,918 3,348,859 316,941 10.5 17 San Diego-Carlsbad, CA 2,813,833 3,095,313 281,480 10.0 18 St. Louis, MO-IL 2,675,343 2,787,701 112,358 4.2 19 Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL 2,395,997 2,783,243 387,246 16.2 20 Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, MD 2,552,994 2,710,489 157,495 6.2 21 Denver-Aurora-Lakewood, CO 2,179,240 2,543,482 364,242 16.7 22 Pittsburgh, PA 2,431,087 2,356,285 -74,802 -3.1 23 Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, OR-WA 1,927,881 2,226,009 298,128 15.5 24 Charlotte-Concord-Gastonia, NC-SC 1,717,372 2,217,012 499,640 29.1 25 Sacramento--Roseville--Arden-Arcade, CA 1,796,857 2,149,127 352,270 19.6 26 San Antonio-New Braunfels, TX 1,711,703 2,142,508 430,805 25.2 27 Orlando-Kissimmee-Sanford, FL 1,644,561 2,134,411 489,850 29.8 28 Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN 1,994,830 2,114,580 119,750 6.0 29 Cleveland-Elyria, OH1 2,148,143 2,077,240 -70,903 -3.3 30 Kansas City, MO-KS 1,811,254 2,009,342 198,088 10.9

Source: U.S. Census, 2000 and 2010 Note: 1 The Cleveland MSA is comprised of Cuyahoga, Geauga, Lake, Lorain and Medina counties.


5. Urbanized Areas per County in the Cleveland Region, 2010 The Cleveland region is truly broader than its five surrounding counties. Economic connectivity notwithstanding, on the basis of population alone, using contiguous official Census Bureau-delineated urbanized area boundaries, the Cleveland region stretches across 11 counties with 3.4 million people, of whom 81.5% live in a Census Bureau-designated urbanized area.

County 2010 Population

Cleveland Urbanized

Area

Lorain-Elyria

Urbanized Area

Akron Urbanized

Area

Canton Urbanized

Area Total

Urbanized %

Urbanized

Cuyahoga 1,280,122 1,272,675 0 0 0 1,272,675 99.4 Lorain 301,356 75,424 174,502 0 0 249,926 82.9 Medina 172,332 88,549 0 24,254 0 112,803 65.5 Geauga 93,389 20,818 0 0 0 20,818 22.3 Lake 230,041 215,021 0 0 0 215,021 93.5 Ashtabula 101,497 114 0 0 0 114 0.1 Summit 541,781 79,237 0 440,643 898 520,778 96.1 Stark 375,586 0 0 18,506 278,347 296,853 79.0 Portage1 161,419 28,835 0 73,452 0 102,302 63.4 Erie 77,079 0 6,454 0 0 6,454 8.4 Wayne 114,520 0 0 12,644 0 12,644 11.0

Total 3,449,122 1,780,673 180,956 569,499 279,245 2,810,388 81.5

Source: U.S. Census, 2010 Note: 1 The Youngstown Urbanized Area (UZA) is not contiguous to those of Cleveland, Akron and Canton, and is therefore

not included in the table above. While most of the urbanized population of Portage County is attributable to Cleveland or Akron, 15 persons are attributed to the Youngstown UZA. These 15 individuals are included in the “Total Urbanized” column for Portage County.


6a. Median Age by County, 2005-2007 and 2011-2013 While the population in the five NOACA counties, the state of Ohio and United States as a whole is getting older, the median age in Cuyahoga County increased less than it did in Ohio and the United States over the six survey years indicated below; however, the median age in Cuyahoga and all other NOACA counties is higher than the median age in Ohio and the country as a whole.

Median

Age, 2005-2007

Median Age, 2011-2013

Change in Median Age between 2005-

2007 and 2011-2013

Cuyahoga 39.8 40.5 0.7 Geauga 40.7 43.9 3.2 Lake 40.7 42.8 2.1 Lorain 37.7 40.8 3.1 Medina 37.9 41.3 3.4 Ohio 37.6 39.2 1.6 United States 36.4 37.4 1.0

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 3-year estimates 2005-2007 and 2011-2013

6b. Age by Cohort and County, 2010

The Age 50-54 cohort is the largest of all age cohorts in every county, except in Medina County, where the Age 45-49 cohort is the largest group.

Cuyahoga Geauga Lake Lorain Medina Region

Age Count % Count % Count % Count % Count % Count %

Under 5 74,793 5.8 5,211 5.6 12,611 5.5 18,037 6.0 10,327 6.0 120,979 5.8

5 to 9 76,816 6.0 6,760 7.2 14,021 6.1 19,913 6.6 12,306 7.1 129,816 6.2

10 to 14 83,351 6.5 7,457 8.0 14,984 6.5 21,021 7.0 13,122 7.6 139,935 6.7

15 to 19 90,130 7.0 6,952 7.4 14,654 6.4 21,452 7.1 11,920 6.9 145,108 7.0

20 to 24 78,335 6.1 4,027 4.3 11,949 5.2 17,074 5.7 7,801 4.5 119,186 5.7

25 to 29 81,986 6.4 3,488 3.7 12,876 5.6 16,084 5.3 8,421 4.9 122,855 5.9

30 to 34 76,000 5.9 3,711 4.0 12,940 5.6 17,541 5.8 9,505 5.5 119,697 5.8

35 to 39 76,059 5.9 4,884 5.2 13,836 6.0 19,435 6.4 11,697 6.8 125,911 6.1

40 to 44 82,814 6.5 6,700 7.2 15,993 7.0 20,837 6.9 13,421 7.8 139,765 6.7

45 to 49 95,248 7.4 7,708 8.3 18,212 7.9 23,317 7.7 14,515 8.4 159,000 7.7

50 to 54 101,938 8.0 8,453 9.1 19,517 8.5 23,946 7.9 14,028 8.1 167,882 8.1

55 to 59 90,182 7.0 7,355 7.9 16,960 7.4 21,145 7.0 12,078 7.0 147,720 7.1

60 to 64 73,929 5.8 6,209 6.6 14,523 6.3 18,423 6.1 10,590 6.1 123,674 6.0

65 to 69 52,933 4.1 4,751 5.1 11,180 4.9 12,886 4.3 7,484 4.3 89,234 4.3

70 to 74 42,673 3.3 3,257 3.5 8,239 3.6 10,042 3.3 5,322 3.1 69,533 3.3

75 to 79 36,842 2.9 2,515 2.7 6,708 2.9 7,737 2.6 3,856 2.2 57,658 2.8

80 to 84 32,672 2.6 1,979 2.1 5,538 2.4 6,470 2.1 3,066 1.8 49,725 2.4

85 & up 33,421 2.6 1,972 2.1 5,300 2.3 5,996 2.0 2,873 1.7 49,562 2.4

Total Population 1,280,122 100 93,389 100 230,041 100 301,356 100 172,332 100 2,077,240 100

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2010 Census


7. Race and Latino Ethnicity by County, 2010 Among the five counties, Cuyahoga County has the highest proportion of Blacks and Asians at 29.7% and 2.6%, respectively. Lorain County has the highest proportion of Latinos among the five counties at 8.4%. Cuyahoga Geauga Lake Lorain Medina Region

Race Count % Count % Count % Count % Count % Count %

White 814,103 63.6 90,514 96.9 212,713 92.5 255,410 84.8 165,642 96.1 1,538,382 74.1

Black 380,198 29.7 1,198 1.3 7,306 3.2 25,799 8.6 2,027 1.2 416,528 20.1

Asian 32,883 2.6 557 0.6 2,611 1.1 2,811 0.9 1,660 1.0 40,522 2.0

American Indian/ Alaska Native 2,578 0.2 75 0.1 273 0.1 883 0.3 247 0.1 4,056 0.2

Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander

285 0.0 11 0.0 35 0.0 49 0.0 18 0.0 398 0.0

Other Race 23,339 1.8 246 0.3 3,577 1.6 7,410 2.5 652 0.4 35,224 1.7

Two or More Races 26,736 2.1 788 0.8 3,526 1.5 8,994 3.0 2086 1.2 42,130 2.0

Total Population 1,280,122 100.0 93,389 100.0 230,041 100.0 301,356 100.0 172,332 100.0 2,077,240 100.0

Ethnicity Count % Count % Count % Count % Count % Count %

Latino (of any race) 61,270 4.8 1,001 1.1 7,825 3.4 25,290 8.4 2,747 1.6 98,133 4.7

Not Latino 1,218,852 95.2 92,388 98.9 222,216 96.6 276,066 91.6 169,585 98.4 1,979,107 95.3

Total Population 1,280,122 100.0 93,389 100.0 230,041 100.0 301,356 100.0 172,332 100.0 2,077,240 100.0

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2010 Census


8. Median Household Income by County, 2005-2007 and 2011-2013 Based on the U.S. Census Bureau’s American Community Survey, median household income in all five NOACA counties has decreased between the two survey periods 2005-2007 and 2011-2013 between 8.3% (Lake County) and 11.4% (Geauga County).1 Though both Ohio and the nation as a whole saw lower median household incomes, the decreases in the NOACA counties exceeded those for Ohio and the U.S.

2005-2007

Median Household Income ($)2

2011-2013 Median

Household Income ($)2

Change between

2005-2007 and 2011-2013 ($)2

% Change between

2005-2007 and 2011-

2013 Cuyahoga 48,494 43,112 -5,382 -11.1% Geauga 76,842 68,107 -8,735 -11.4 Lake 59,820 54,830 -4,990 -8.3 Lorain 57,293 51,614 -5,679 -9.9 Medina 73,155 64,963 -8,192 -11.2 Ohio 52,015 47,782 -4,233 -8.1 United States 56,185 52,176 -4,009 -7.1

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 3-year estimates 2005-2007 and 2011-2013 Notes: 1 Households, by Census Bureau definition, do not include housing defined under “group quarters,”

which include people living in institutions, jails, dorms and other group situations. 2 In 2013 inflation-adjusted dollars.


9. Environmental Justice Populations of the Region, 2011-2013 Environmental Justice is a framework mandated by the federal government to ensure that the benefits and burdens of regional transportation investments are shared by all socioeconomic groups. Three fundamental principles of Environmental Justice that guide the U.S. Department of Transportation (USDOT) are 1) to avoid, minimize or mitigate disproportionately high and adverse human health and environmental effects, including social and economic effects, on minority and low-income populations; 2) to ensure the full and fair participation by all potentially affected communities in the transportation decision-making process; and 3) to prevent the denial of, reduction in or significant delay in the receipt of benefits by minority and low-income populations.1 While the population of the NOACA region is generally comparable to the U.S. in Environmental Justice considerations, the NOACA region has a larger proportion of elderly people than the U.S. as a whole and has a significantly smaller proportion of residents with limited English language capabilities. Within the region, variations on Environmental Justice elements can be seen among the counties. For example, the percentage of population in poverty is 18.7% in Cuyahoga County and 7.6% in Medina County.

Geography

Percent of population

whose income over the past 12 months is below the

poverty level

Percent of population

that is aged 65 years and

over

Percentage of population that is not white only2

Percent of the civilian non-

institutionalized population with

a disability3

For language spoken at

home, percent of population 5 years and older who

speak English less than

"very well" Cuyahoga 18.7 15.9 39.2 14.2 4.1

Geauga 8.1 16.9 4.0 9.4 4.5

Lake 9.5 17.0 9.8 11.8 2.9

Lorain 15.0 15.3 20.2 14.1 2.5

Medina 7.6 14.2 5.5 9.6 1.3 NOACA Region 15.7 15.8 28.7 13.3 3.5 Ohio 16.2 14.7 19.4 13.5 2.4

United States 15.9 13.7 37.2 12.3 8.6

Source: U.S. Census American Community Survey, 2011-2013 3-Year Estimate. Notes: 1 From the Federal Highway Administration’s Environmental Justice Reference Guide (April 2015) 2 This includes the following racial and ethnic groups: Black, Latino, Asian, American Indian/Alaska Native, and

Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander. 3 “Disability” classifications by the Census Bureau are as follows: an individual “with a hearing difficultly, with a vision

difficultly, with a cognitive difficultly, with an ambulatory difficultly, with a self-care difficultly, or with an independent living difficultly.”


10a. Vehicle Registrations by County, 2014 There are nearly two million vehicles registered in the NOACA region, 55% of which are registered in Cuyahoga County. Regionally, 93.4% of all registrations are for noncommercial vehicles.1

County Non-commercial1 Commercial2 Total

Registrations

Total Registrations Percentage of Regional

Total Cuyahoga 1,010,919 66,169 1,077,088 55.4% Geauga 113,899 13,233 127,132 6.5% Lake 227,149 13,792 240,941 12.4% Lorain 283,577 19,716 303,293 15.6% Medina 181,817 15,515 197,332 10.1% Total NOACA Region 1,817,361 128,425 1,945,786 100.0%

Source: Ohio Department of Public Safety, Bureau of Motor Vehicles Notes: 1 Noncommercial registrations are made up of the following categories: Passenger Car, Motor Homes,

Motorcycles, House Vehicles, Mopeds, Noncommercial Trailers and Noncommercial Trucks. 2 Commercial registrations are made up of the following categories: Farm Trucks, Buses, Commercial

Trailers, Non-international Registration Plan (IRP) Commercial Trucks and IRP Commercial Trucks. 10b. Vehicles per Household, 2009-2013 The table below depicts the number of vehicles available per household.1 Of the 845,000 households in the NOACA region, nearly 11% have no access to a vehicle.

County Households 0 vehicles 1 vehicle 2 vehicles 3 vehicles 4 or more vehicles

Cuyahoga 534,476 72,253 217,772 177,652 50,556 16,243

Geauga 34,621 2,488 7,442 14,587 6,922 3,182

Lake 94,048 5,344 31,620 37,496 14,118 5,470

Lorain 116,705 7,696 39,512 46,508 16,336 6,653

Medina 65,499 2,609 16,604 29,511 11,491 5,284

NOACA Total 845,349 90,390 312,950 305,754 99,423 36,832

% of NOACA Total 100.0% 10.7% 37.0% 36.2% 11.8% 4.4%

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-year estimates 2009-2013 Note: 1 Households, by Census Bureau definition, do not include housing defined under “group quarters,” which include

people who live in institutions, jails, dorms and other group situations.


11. Means of Transportation to Work, 2005-2007 and 2011-2013 The table below indicates the typical method a person usually took to his/her place of work. Comparing the transportation modal split between the two survey periods, 2005-2007 and 2011-2013, for the five NOACA counties, public transportation experienced a 0.9% decrease, while “driving alone” saw a 0.7% increase and working at home increased 0.5%. Also during this time, the total number of workers decreased by 2.7%.

County Total

Number of

Workers

Car, truck, or

van - drove alone

Car, truck, or

van - carpooled

Public transpor-

tation (excluding

taxicab)

Walked

Taxicab, motor-cycle,

bicycle or other means

Worked at

home Total

2005-2007 Survey1 Cuyahoga 581,066 79.6% 7.7% 6.3% 2.5% 1.2% 2.8% 100.0% Geauga 46,576 79.3% 9.4% 0.7% 2.6% 2.4% 5.7% 100.0% Lake 116,572 86.1% 7.7% 1.2% 1.2% 0.9% 2.9% 100.0% Lorain 136,612 85.5% 7.8% 0.9% 1.9% 1.6% 2.2% 100.0% Medina 85,180 86.2% 6.3% 0.6% 1.3% 0.8% 4.8% 100.0% NOACA Region 966,006 81.8% 7.7% 4.1% 2.2% 1.2% 3.0% 100.0%

2011-2013 Survey2 Cuyahoga 560,828 80.3% 7.7% 4.9% 2.4% 1.3% 3.4% 100.0% Geauga 44,921 80.9% 8.9% 0.3% 1.8% 1.9% 6.2% 100.0% Lake 113,941 87.6% 6.7% 0.9% 1.2% 0.7% 2.9% 100.0% Lorain 134,766 84.9% 7.6% 0.8% 2.3% 1.2% 3.2% 100.0% Medina 85,391 87.0% 5.8% 0.6% 1.4% 0.9% 4.3% 100.0% NOACA Region 939,847 82.5% 7.5% 3.2% 2.1% 1.2% 3.5% 100.0%

Total

Number of

Workers

Car, truck, or

van - drove alone

Car, truck, or

van - carpooled

Public transpor-

tation (excluding

taxicab)

Walked

Taxicab, motor-cycle

bicycle or other means

Worked at

home

NOACA Region: Change between 2005-2007 and 2011-2013

-2.7% 0.7% -0.2% -0.9% -0.1% 0.0% 0.5%

Sources: 1 American Community Survey 3-year estimates 2005-2007 2 American Community Survey 3-year estimates 2011-2013

14 Section II. Economy & Commerce Fact Book 2016

Section II. Economy & Commerce

1a. Greater Cleveland Economy from a State Perspective: Ohio Metropolitan Area GDPs, 2010-2014—Current Dollars

The five-county NOACA region, defined by the Census Bureau as the Cleveland-Elyria MSA, is the largest economy in Ohio at $121 billion, making up 22% of Ohio’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Values below are presented in current dollars ($Million).

Rank Geography 2010 $M

2011 $M

2012 $M

2013 $M

2014 $M

1 Cleveland-Elyria, OH (MSA)1 109,190 114,383 117,595 121,138 124,609 2 Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN (MSA) 104,120 108,189 112,971 116,671 121,407 3 Columbus, OH (MSA) 96,482 101,556 107,992 113,487 117,824 4 Dayton, OH (MSA) 34,348 35,969 36,594 37,396 38,178 5 Toledo, OH (MSA) 27,187 29,457 30,214 31,214 33,021 6 Akron, OH (MSA) 28,660 29,544 30,601 31,317 32,509 7 Youngstown-Warren-Boardman, OH-PA (MSA) 17,236 18,892 20,364 20,436 21,007 8 Canton-Massillon, OH (MSA) 13,308 14,197 14,959 16,354 17,126 9 Lima, OH (MSA) 5,029 5,486 5,387 5,673 5,771 10 Mansfield, OH (MSA) 3,682 3,823 3,895 3,997 4,118 11 Springfield, OH (MSA) 3,580 3,795 3,990 4,098 4,094

Ohio - All areas (urban and rural) 494,395 520,398 542,097 562,845 583,261 United States 14,869,544 15,416,873 16,060,678 16,665,215 17,316,314

Cleveland MSA1 as a % of Ohio 22.1% 22.0% 21.7% 21.5% 21.4%

Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis Note: 1 The Cleveland metropolitan statistical area (MSA) is made up of the counties of Cuyahoga, Geauga, Lake, Lorain and Medina.

Fact Book 2016 Section II. Economy & Commerce 15

1b. Greater Cleveland Economy from a State Perspective: Ohio

Metropolitan Area GDPs, 2010-2014—Chained 2009 Dollars The five-county NOACA region, defined by the Census Bureau as the Cleveland-Elyria MSA, is the largest economy in Ohio, and it witnessed a 5.5% growth between 2010 and 2014; however, this rate of growth is lower than that of Ohio (9.0%) and the U.S. (7.8%). Values below are presented in chained 2009 dollars (adjusted for inflation) ($Billion).

Rank Geography 2010 $B

2011 $B

2012 $B

2013 $B

2014 $B

Change 2010-2014

1 Cleveland-Elyria, OH (MSA)1 107.83 110.74 111.16 112.46 113.76 5.5% 2 Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN (MSA) 102.87 104.88 106.87 108.53 111.27 8.2% 3 Columbus, OH (MSA) 95.58 99.17 102.95 106.11 108.09 13.1% 4 Dayton, OH (MSA) 33.97 35.00 34.87 34.97 35.07 3.2% 5 Akron, OH (MSA) 28.48 28.94 29.29 29.43 30.10 5.7% 6 Toledo, OH (MSA) 26.38 27.14 26.99 27.73 29.39 11.4%

7 Youngstown-Warren-Boardman, OH-PA (MSA) 16.89 18.02 19.09 18.95 19.11 13.2%

8 Canton-Massillon, OH (MSA) 13.13 13.70 14.08 15.19 15.77 20.2% 9 Lima, OH (MSA) 4.78 4.74 4.47 4.75 4.97 3.8% 10 Mansfield, OH (MSA) 3.64 3.72 3.72 3.76 3.80 4.4% 11 Springfield, OH (MSA) 3.55 3.71 3.80 3.83 3.75 5.6%

Ohio - All areas (urban and rural) 487.87 502.13 510.38 521.16 532.02 9.0% United States 14,637.68 14,844.09 15,148.85 15,431.99 15,773.52 7.8%

Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis Note: 1 The Cleveland metropolitan statistical area (MSA) is made up of the counties of Cuyahoga, Geauga, Lake, Lorain and Medina.


1c. Top 30 U.S. Metropolitan Area GDPs, 2010-2014—Current Dollars The metropolitan Cleveland economy, using the boundaries applied by the U.S. Census Bureau, ranks 27th in the U.S. In current year $Million, ranked by GDP in 2014.

Rank Area 2010 $M

2011 $M

2012 $M

2013 $M

2014 $M

United States (Metropolitan Portion) 13,459,787 13,932,364 14,530,716 15,074,218 15,678,767 1 New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ-PA (MSA) 1,334,008 1,368,438 1,446,659 1,490,952 1,558,518 2 Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA (MSA) 764,958 779,236 806,415 833,801 866,745 3 Chicago-Naperville-Elgin, IL-IN-WI (MSA) 534,667 551,983 579,667 589,812 610,552 4 Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land, TX (MSA) 400,106 441,736 475,043 515,184 525,397 5 Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX (MSA) 375,940 402,824 430,109 461,320 504,358 6 Washington-Arlington-Alx., DC-VA-MD-WV (MSA) 432,555 444,708 453,337 462,187 471,584 7 San Francisco-Oakland-Hayward, CA (MSA) 334,484 345,165 373,546 387,030 411,969 8 Philadelphia-Camden-Wilm, PA-NJ-DE-MD (MSA) 348,104 355,652 367,916 379,899 391,118 9 Boston-Cambridge-Newton, MA-NH (MSA) 329,192 341,225 355,276 366,089 382,459

10 Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, GA (MSA) 277,639 286,108 296,059 309,059 324,881 11 Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue, WA (MSA) 248,859 257,729 273,087 285,501 300,827 12 Miami-Fort Lauderdale-W Palm Bch, FL (MSA) 250,813 255,461 270,538 283,962 299,161 13 Detroit-Warren-Dearborn, MI (MSA) 197,789 206,508 217,418 226,926 236,500 14 Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI (MSA) 200,768 210,569 218,376 227,962 235,733 15 Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, AZ (MSA) 183,554 191,158 200,989 207,193 215,214 16 San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA (MSA) 164,457 176,780 183,558 198,066 213,819 17 San Diego-Carlsbad, CA (MSA) 176,461 183,453 193,090 200,249 206,817 18 Denver-Aurora-Lakewood, CO (MSA) 155,391 160,492 167,964 175,635 187,111 19 Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, MD (MSA) 152,899 157,416 162,670 167,871 173,516 20 Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, OR-WA (MSA) 140,954 149,423 150,750 150,590 159,328 21 St. Louis, MO-IL (MSA) 134,290 137,258 142,033 145,036 149,951 22 Charlotte-Concord-Gastonia, NC-SC (MSA) 116,164 124,937 129,239 137,680 143,628 23 Pittsburgh, PA (MSA) 116,554 121,635 125,133 129,857 135,662 24 Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA (MSA) 115,037 119,231 121,738 127,651 133,983 25 Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL (MSA) 110,416 111,697 117,147 122,478 128,201 26 Indianapolis-Carmel-Anderson, IN (MSA) 110,943 113,463 116,839 122,508 125,864 27 Cleveland-Elyria, OH (MSA)1 109,190 114,383 117,595 121,138 124,609 28 Kansas City, MO-KS (MSA) 107,411 109,276 114,072 117,304 121,638 29 Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN (MSA) 104,120 108,189 112,971 116,671 121,407 30 Columbus, OH (MSA) 96,482 101,556 107,992 113,487 117,824

Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis Note:

1 The Cleveland metropolitan statistical area (MSA) is composed of the counties of Cuyahoga, Geauga, Lake, Lorain and Medina.


1d. Top 30 U.S. Metropolitan Area GDPs, 2010-2014—Chained 2009 Dollars The metropolitan Cleveland economy, using the boundaries applied by the U.S. Census Bureau, ranks 27th in the U.S. and witnessed a 5.5% growth between 2010 and 2014. The rate of growth, however, is lower than that of many metropolitan areas in the U.S., including the composite of all metropolitan areas in the U.S., which grew at 8.0% during this time. Cities that rank below Cleveland, but that have a higher rate of growth, will pass Cleveland’s standing if current trends continue. In chained 2009 dollars (adjusted for inflation). $Million. Ranked by GDP in 2014.

Rank Area 2010 $M

2011 $M

2012 $M

2013 $M

2014 $M

Change 2010-2014

United States (Metropolitan Portion) 13,261,229 13,447,892 13,740,377 13,996,872 14,322,274 8.0% 1 New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ-PA (MSA) 1,317,459 1,329,936 1,374,136 1,389,316 1,423,173 8.0% 2 Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA (MSA) 755,490 756,796 768,012 780,113 797,697 5.6% 3 Chicago-Naperville-Elgin, IL-IN-WI (MSA) 528,138 534,296 547,247 547,787 557,745 5.6% 4 Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX (MSA) 366,833 382,202 402,744 424,000 460,154 25.4% 5 Houston- Woodlands-Sugar Land, TX (MSA) 377,560 391,994 419,958 447,114 454,944 20.5% 6 Washington-Arlington-Alx, DC-VA-MD-WV (MSA) 427,539 433,500 434,480 434,421 435,583 1.9% 7 San Francisco-Oakland-Hayward, CA (MSA) 326,191 325,452 344,717 352,329 370,478 13.6% 8 Philadelphia-Camden-Wilm, PA-NJ-DE-MD (MSA) 344,275 345,885 349,855 354,468 358,469 4.1% 9 Boston-Cambridge-Newton, MA-NH (MSA) 326,445 334,070 340,791 344,756 353,710 8.4%

10 Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, GA (MSA) 275,128 279,849 282,694 289,339 298,146 8.4% 11 Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue, WA (MSA) 247,187 252,854 262,604 269,434 278,570 12.7% 12 Miami-Fort Lauderdale-W Palm Bch, FL (MSA) 247,943 248,967 257,831 265,307 273,386 10.3% 13 Detroit-Warren-Dearborn, MI (MSA) 197,070 204,195 209,761 215,111 219,862 11.6% 14 Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloom’gtn, MN-WI (MSA) 198,541 204,253 207,005 212,664 216,891 9.2% 15 San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA (MSA) 164,683 176,727 181,334 193,012 205,994 25.1% 16 Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, AZ (MSA) 182,073 186,981 192,363 194,518 197,980 8.7% 17 San Diego-Carlsbad, CA (MSA) 174,861 179,275 185,060 188,434 191,042 9.3% 18 Denver-Aurora-Lakewood, CO (MSA) 152,128 153,788 158,507 162,437 170,497 12.1% 19 Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, MD (MSA) 151,241 153,384 155,483 157,409 159,606 5.5% 20 Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, OR-WA (MSA) 140,825 149,208 148,729 146,260 152,614 8.4% 21 St. Louis, MO-IL (MSA) 132,566 132,920 134,292 134,859 137,181 3.5% 22 Charlotte-Concord-Gastonia, NC-SC (MSA) 115,100 122,208 123,086 128,454 131,188 14.0% 23 Pittsburgh, PA (MSA) 114,786 117,416 118,788 121,215 124,775 8.7% 24 Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA (MSA) 113,895 116,115 116,006 119,284 122,685 7.7% 25 Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL (MSA) 109,342 109,104 112,038 114,935 117,989 7.9% 26 Indianapolis-Carmel-Anderson, IN (MSA) 110,191 109,922 110,224 113,501 114,564 4.0% 27 Cleveland-Elyria, OH (MSA)1 107,831 110,740 111,161 112,463 113,761 5.5% 28 Kansas City, MO-KS (MSA) 106,528 106,750 108,874 109,943 112,096 5.2% 29 Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN (MSA) 102,874 104,878 106,870 108,534 111,272 8.2% 30 Columbus, OH (MSA) 95,582 99,174 102,946 106,106 108,089 13.1%

Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis Note: 1 The Cleveland metropolitan statistical area (MSA) comprises the counties of Cuyahoga, Geauga, Lake, Lorain and Medina.


2. Per Capita Real GDP of the 30 Largest U.S. Metropolitan Areas, 2010-2014—Chained 2009 Dollars Greater Cleveland, as defined by the five NOACA counties, is the 29th largest metropolitan area in the United States. Within the 30 largest metropolitan areas, defined by the 2010 Census, however, Greater Cleveland ranks 16th in terms of GDP per capita and slightly higher than the U.S. average for metropolitan areas. Furthermore, it is interesting to note that the rate of change in the Cleveland MSA between 2010 and 2014 in per capita GDP is almost one and one-half times larger than that of the U.S. metropolitan average. In chained 2009 dollars (adjusted for inflation). Ranked by 2014 values.

Rank among

30 Largest MSAs1

Rank among all 381

US MSAs

Metropolitan Statistical Area 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Change 2010-2014

1 4 San Francisco-Oakland-Hayward, CA $75,080 $74,037 $77,392 $78,013 $80,643 7.4% 2 6 Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue, WA 71,681 72,301 73,919 74,633 75,874 5.8% 3 7 Boston-Cambridge-Newton, MA-NH 71,525 72,565 73,413 73,598 74,746 4.5% 4 10 Washington-Arlington-Alex., DC-VA-MD-WV 75,473 75,110 74,111 73,014 72,191 -4.3% 5 11 New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ-PA 67,230 67,400 69,269 69,642 70,830 5.4% 6 12 Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land, TX 63,469 64,747 68,004 70,823 70,097 10.4% 7 15 Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX 56,849 58,165 60,086 62,253 66,168 16.4% 8 18 Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, OR-WA 63,089 66,008 64,975 63,192 64,991 3.0% 9 23 Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI 59,175 60,274 60,485 61,479 62,054 4.9% 10 24 Denver-Aurora-Lakewood, CO 59,569 59,151 59,889 60,218 61,903 3.9% 11 26 Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA 58,820 58,489 58,910 59,408 60,148 2.3% 12 30 Philadelphia-Camden-Wilm., PA-NJ-DE-MD 57,654 57,679 58,120 58,739 59,240 2.8% 13 32 San Diego-Carlsbad, CA 56,331 57,120 58,266 58,679 58,540 3.9% 14 33 Chicago-Naperville-Elgin, IL-IN-WI 55,768 56,293 57,520 57,436 58,375 4.7% 15 37 Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, MD 55,699 56,098 56,459 56,811 57,291 2.9% 16 42 Cleveland-Elyria, OH2 51,949 53,534 53,838 54,469 55,128 6.1% 17 51 Kansas City, MO-KS 52,902 52,722 53,404 53,514 54,123 2.3% 18 56 Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, GA 51,870 52,079 51,828 52,389 53,104 2.4% 19 58 Pittsburgh, PA 48,707 49,757 50,313 51,343 52,961 8.7% United States (Metropolitan Portion) 50,418 50,691 51,341 51,857 52,526 4.2%

20 62 Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN 48,586 49,401 50,190 50,778 51,768 6.5% 21 67 Detroit-Warren-Dearborn, MI 45,922 47,625 48,863 50,084 51,171 11.4% 22 92 St. Louis, MO-IL 47,517 47,577 48,021 48,146 48,885 2.9% 23 115 Miami-Fort Lauderdale-W. Palm Beach, FL 44,422 43,768 44,737 45,521 46,104 3.8% 24 116 Sacramento--Roseville--Arden-Arcade, CA 44,096 44,430 45,483 46,184 46,012 4.3% 25 117 Orlando-Kissimmee-Sanford, FL 47,184 46,009 45,406 45,542 46,001 -2.5% 26 130 Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, AZ 43,260 43,968 44,450 44,221 44,102 1.9% 27 159 Las Vegas-Henderson-Paradise, NV 42,985 42,501 41,645 41,839 41,807 -2.7% 28 169 San Antonio-New Braunfels, TX 37,306 38,328 39,413 40,499 41,109 10.2% 29 175 Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL 39,205 38,586 39,378 40,039 40,468 3.2% 30 350 Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA 26,836 27,008 26,715 27,228 27,620 2.9%

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis Notes: This analysis uses the Census Bureau's annual mid-year population estimate. 1 Based on 2010 population. 2 The Cleveland metropolitan statistical area (MSA) comprises the counties of Cuyahoga, Geauga, Lake, Lorain and Medina.


3. Greater Cleveland Economy from a Global Perspective: Metropolitan Area and Country GDPs, 2013

Placing the NOACA region in the global context, the metropolitan Cleveland economy, using the Metropolitan Statistical Area boundaries applied by the U.S. Census Bureau, ranks 87th in the world. Below are the top 150 national and U.S. metropolitan area economies, measured by metropolitan or national GDP for 2013. In current 2013 billions of dollars. All local currencies converted to U.S. dollars.

Rank Country or U.S. Metropolitan Area U.S. $B (2013)

1 United States 16,768.05 2 China 9,469.13 3 Japan 4,919.56 4 Germany 3,731.43 5 France 2,807.31 6 United Kingdom 2,680.12 7 Brazil 2,391.03 8 Italy 2,137.62 9 Russia 2,079.13 10 India 1,875.16 11 Canada 1,838.96 12 Australia 1,501.88 13 New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ-PA 1,471.17 14 Spain 1,393.48 15 Korea 1,304.47 16 Mexico 1,262.25 17 Indonesia 912.50 18 Netherlands 853.81 19 Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA 826.83 20 Turkey 821.92 21 Saudi Arabia 744.34 22 Switzerland 685.87 23 Argentina 622.05 24 Chicago-Naperville-Elgin, IL-IN-WI 590.25 25 Sweden 579.53 26 Poland 526.03 27 Belgium 524.97 28 Norway 522.35 29 Nigeria 521.81 30 Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land, TX 517.37 31 Taiwan 511.28 32 Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV 463.93 33 Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX 447.57 34 Austria 428.46 35 United Arab Emirates 402.34 36 San Francisco-Oakland-Hayward, CA 388.27 37 Thailand 387.25 38 Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD 383.40 39 Islamic Republic of Iran 380.35 40 Colombia 378.42 41 Boston-Cambridge-Newton, MA-NH 370.77 42 South Africa 366.24 43 Denmark 335.88 44 Malaysia 313.16 45 Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, GA 307.23 46 Singapore 302.25 47 Israel 290.55 48 Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue, WA 284.97 49 Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach, FL 281.08 50 Chile 276.59 51 Hong Kong SAR 274.86

Table continued on the following page


Table continued from the previous page


52 Philippines 272.07 53 Egypt 271.43 54 Finland 268.28 55 Greece 242.31 56 Pakistan 232.76 57 Iraq 232.50 58 Ireland 232.15 59 Kazakhstan 231.88 60 Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI 227.79 61 Portugal 224.98 62 Detroit-Warren-Dearborn, MI 224.73 63 Venezuela 218.43 64 Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, AZ 209.52 65 Czech Republic 208.80 66 Algeria 208.76 67 Qatar 203.24 68 Peru 202.39 69 San Diego-Carlsbad, CA 197.89 70 San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA 196.83 71 Romania 191.60 72 New Zealand 184.75 73 Ukraine 179.57 74 Denver-Aurora-Lakewood, CO 178.86 75 Kuwait 175.79 76 Vietnam 170.57 77 Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, MD 168.85 78 Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, OR-WA 163.69 79 Bangladesh 161.76 80 St. Louis, MO-IL 145.96 81 Charlotte-Concord-Gastonia, NC-SC 139.02 82 Hungary 133.42 83 Pittsburgh, PA 131.27 84 Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA 126.76 85 Indianapolis-Carmel-Anderson, IN 126.47 86 Angola 124.17 87 Cleveland-Elyria, OH1 122.88 88 Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL 122.52 89 Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN 119.09 90 Kansas City, MO-KS 117.32 91 Columbus, OH 114.25 92 Orlando-Kissimmee-Sanford, FL 110.44 93 Sacramento--Roseville--Arden-Arcade, CA 108.17 94 Austin-Round Rock, TX 103.89 95 Morocco 103.84 96 Nashville-Davidson--Murfreesboro--Franklin, TN 100.84 97 Slovak Republic 97.74 98 San Antonio-New Braunfels, TX 96.03 99 Ecuador 94.47 100 Milwaukee-Waukesha-West Allis, WI 94.37 101 Bridgeport-Stamford-Norwalk, CT 93.50 102 Las Vegas-Henderson-Paradise, NV 92.99 103 Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, VA-NC 88.57 104 Hartford-West Hartford-East Hartford, CT 86.61 105 New Orleans-Metairie, LA 81.84 106 Oman 76.98 107 Salt Lake City, UT 76.19 108 Azerbaijan 73.54 109 Providence-Warwick, RI-MA 73.33 110 Oklahoma City, OK 71.95 111 Belarus 71.71 112 Richmond, VA 68.50 113 Memphis, TN-MS-AR 67.94

Table continued on the following page


Table continued from the previous page


114 Sri Lanka 67.45 115 Raleigh, NC 66.88 116 Sudan 66.48 117 Libya 65.52 118 Syria 64.70 119 Louisville/Jefferson County, KY-IN 64.55 120 Jacksonville, FL 62.10 121 Dominican Republic 61.29 122 Luxembourg 60.15 123 Birmingham-Hoover, AL 59.72 124 Urban Honolulu, HI 57.97 125 Croatia 57.85 126 Uzbekistan 57.17 127 Myanmar 56.76 128 Uruguay 55.71 129 Kenya 55.24 130 Tulsa, OK 55.00 131 Omaha-Council Bluffs, NE-IA 54.84 132 Bulgaria 54.52 133 Guatemala 53.85 134 Rochester, NY 52.47 135 Baton Rouge, LA 52.25 136 Buffalo-Cheektowaga-Niagara Falls, NY 51.63 137 Costa Rica 49.24 138 Ghana 48.59 139 Grand Rapids-Wyoming, MI 48.04 140 Slovenia 48.01 141 Lebanon 47.60 142 Tunisia 47.00 143 Ethiopia 46.64 144 Albany-Schenectady-Troy, NY 46.54 145 Lithuania 46.43 146 Oxnard-Thousand Oaks-Ventura, CA 46.07 147 Serbia 45.52 148 New Haven-Milford, CT 44.17 149 Tanzania 43.73 150 Madison, WI 42.90

Source: For U.S. Metropolitan data, U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis; for country GDPs except Syria, International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook Database, April 2015; for Syria, CIA World Factbook Note: For all countries except Syria, data is either 2013 actual or a 2013 estimate by the International Monetary Fund. For Syria, a 2011 estimate, the most recently available data, was used. 1 Comprising the five NOACA counties of Cuyahoga, Geauga, Lake, Lorain and Medina.


4a. Foreign Trade Regions with the Cleveland CSA by Direction and Weight, 2015 By weight, Canada represents almost half of all imports into the Cleveland region and more than 56% of all exports from the region. For both exports and imports, Canada is then followed by Europe. The Cleveland Combined Statistical Area (CSA) consists of the following 13 counties: Ashtabula, Carroll, Cuyahoga, Erie, Geauga, Huron, Lake, Lorain, Medina, Portage, Stark, Summit and Tuscarawas.

Outbound Inbound Total

Foreign Trade Region

Weight (K Tons)

Percentage of

Outbound Total

Weight (K Tons)

Percentage of Inbound

Total

Weight - Total

Movement (K Tons)

% All Movement

Total

Canada 2,556 56.4% 4,331 46.7% 6,887 49.9% Europe 649 14.3% 1,562 16.8% 2,211 16.0% Rest of Americas 136 3.0% 1,393 15.0% 1,530 11.1% Eastern Asia 351 7.7% 1,176 12.7% 1,527 11.1% Mexico 507 11.2% 447 4.8% 954 6.9% SW & Central Asia 178 3.9% 124 1.3% 302 2.2% SE Asia & Oceania 101 2.2% 145 1.6% 246 1.8% Africa 50 1.1% 102 1.1% 152 1.1% Total 4,528 100% 9,280 100% 13,808 100%

Source: Federal Highway Administration Freight Analysis Framework 2015 (FAF4) 4b. Foreign Trade Regions with the Cleveland CSA by Direction and Value, 2015 By value, Canada represents the largest trading region for foreign exports from the Cleveland region at 36.3% at $7.8 billion. Meanwhile, the largest trading region for imports is Eastern Asia at 36.2% at $9.0 billion. The Cleveland Combined Statistical Area (CSA) consists of the following 13 counties: Ashtabula, Carroll, Cuyahoga, Erie, Geauga, Huron, Lake, Lorain, Medina, Portage, Stark, Summit and Tuscarawas.

Outbound Inbound Total

Foreign Trade Region Value ($M)

Percentage of

Outbound Total

Value ($M) Percentage of Inbound

Total

Value – Total

Movement ($M)

% All Movement

Total

Canada 7,764 36.3% 4,655 18.7% 12,419 26.8% Europe 5,674 26.5% 5,738 23.1% 11,413 24.6% Eastern Asia 2,091 9.8% 9,005 36.2% 11,096 24.0% Mexico 2,410 11.3% 2,421 9.7% 4,831 10.4% Rest of Americas 1,510 7.1% 874 3.5% 2,384 5.1% SE Asia & Oceania 830 3.9% 1,415 5.7% 2,244 4.8% SW & Central Asia 881 4.1% 660 2.6% 1,540 3.3% Africa 255 1.2% 126 0.5% 381 0.8% Total 21,415 100% 24,893 100% 46,308 100%

Source: Federal Highway Administration Freight Analysis Framework 2015 (FAF4)


5. Employment (persons) in the NOACA Counties, January 2005 to October 2015

Employment and transportation demand are well correlated; as employment increases so do vehicle miles traveled and transit ridership. Employment in the NOACA region is still recovering from the Great Recession. Prior to late 2008, the region regularly had more than one million persons employed. In January 2010, the region hit its lowest point at 948,128 persons employed. In recovery, by August 2015, for the first time since 2008, the region had two consecutive months of more than one million people working. Data shown here are not seasonally adjusted and are presented in thousands (000s).

Year Jan. Feb. March April May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.

2005 1,006 1,007 1,009 1,020 1,020 1,028 1,045 1,040 1,027 1,028 1,028 1,022 2006 1,015 1,017 1,022 1,029 1,029 1,040 1,052 1,048 1,036 1,039 1,040 1,035 2007 1,027 1,025 1,031 1,033 1,033 1,044 1,055 1,044 1,035 1,032 1,037 1,024 2008 1,020 1,017 1,016 1,026 1,023 1,030 1,042 1,030 1,019 1,015 1,010 994 2009 982 978 973 979 972 978 990 979 965 961 964 950 2010 948 949 952 968 965 970 983 978 968 965 965 957 2011 950 954 958 967 964 968 982 979 969 966 971 961 2012 953 958 963 970 972 979 988 978 974 976 975 964

2013 955 957 959 970 972 978 990 983 974 966 975 967 2014 962 963 969 978 980 987 1,001 995 989 990 990 980 2015 982 984 982 993 989 991 1,010 1,004 988 9911

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Note: 1 Preliminary.


6. Employment by Sector by County, 2014

In Greater Cleveland, the economy once dominated by manufacturing has since given way to the Health Care and Social Assistance sector, which represents 18.0% of total employment in the five NOACA counties, compared to manufacturing at 12.4%, which now ranks second. See note below on data exclusions.

NAICS Industry Sector Cuyahoga Geauga Lake Lorain Medina NOACA Total

% of NOACA

Total Health Care and Social Assistance 143,255 3,838 12,141 14,254 7,010 180,498 18.0%

Manufacturing 70,953 6,875 21,061 17,036 8,519 124,444 12.4%

Retail Trade 66,857 3,731 11,680 12,393 8,268 102,929 10.3%

Accommodation and Food Services 55,020 2,351 8,724 8,276 5,499 79,870 8.0%

Educational Services 52,530 2,418 8,367 10,642 4,362 78,319 7.8%

Administration & Support, Waste Management and Remediation 50,017 1,526 4,594 5,176 2,743 64,056 6.4%

Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services 48,698 1,316 3,054 2,434 2,217 57,719 5.7%

Wholesale Trade 36,455 2,117 4,393 3,804 3,263 50,032 5.0%

Finance and Insurance 38,700 671 1,370 2,328 1,029 44,098 4.4%

Public Administration 26,854 1,222 3,575 4,305 1,811 37,767 3.8%

Construction 20,793 1,955 3,932 4,014 3,421 34,115 3.4%

Transportation and Warehousing 23,344 603 1,129 2,216 3,123 30,415 3.0%

Other Services (excluding Public Administration) 21,244 1,239 3,030 3,045 1,580 30,138 3.0%

Management of Companies and Enterprises 22,437 159 1,136 1,385 2,982 28,099 2.8%

Information 15,792 303 1,056 1,068 573 18,792 1.9%

Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation 14,788 391 1,178 829 937 18,123 1.8%

Real Estate and Rental and Leasing 13,749 206 728 843 622 16,148 1.6%

Utilities 3,330 7 1,179 581 127 5,224 0.5%

Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting 236 160 957 971 170 2,494 0.2%

Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction 405 75 245 41 34 800 0.1%

Total 725,457 31,163 93,529 95,641 58,290 1,004,080 100.0%

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, "OnTheMap," 2014 data for “All” jobs Note: The data does not capture self-employed persons, employers that have their own unemployment insurance (which is not common), Postal Service employees, active military and secretive federal agencies.


7. Occupational Employment and Wages, U.S. & NOACA Region, 2014

Compared to the U.S. as a whole, employment in the NOACA region is more highly concentrated in three of 22 occupational groups (highlighted in green below): healthcare practitioners and technical, healthcare support, and production. Conversely, 10 occupational groups had employment shares more than 5% below their national representation, with four groups more than 10% below their national counterparts (highlighted in orange below): life, physical and social science; arts, design, entertainment, sports and media; personal care and service; and construction and extraction. With respect to wages, workers in the NOACA region had an hourly wage about 2% below the nationwide average and had lower wages in 16 of the 22 categories compared to their national counterparts. Wages in four of the 22 occupational groups were more than 10% lower than national counterparts (highlighted in orange below). In only one category (education, training and library) were wages more than 10% higher in Cleveland than nationally.

Major Occupational Group

Percent of Total Employment Mean Hourly Wage

United States

NOACA Region

Proportion Difference

CLE Compared

to U.S.

United States

NOACA Region

Wage Difference

CLE Compared

to U.S.

Total, all occupations 100.0% 100.0% 0.0% $22.71 $22.26 -2.0% Management 5.0 5.2 4.0 54.08 49.54 -8.4% Business and financial operations 5.1 4.9 -3.9 34.81 31.69 -9.0% Computer and mathematical 2.8 2.7 -3.6 40.37 34.65 -14.2% Architecture and engineering 1.8 1.7 -5.6 39.19 35.27 -10.0% Life, physical and social science 0.8 0.6 -25.0 33.69 31.14 -7.6% Community and social services 1.4 1.3 -7.1 21.79 22.47 3.1% Legal 0.8 0.8 0.0 48.61 43.34 -10.8% Education, training and library 6.2 5.7 -8.1 25.1 29.06 15.8% Arts, design, entertainment, sports and media 1.3 1.1 -15.4 26.82 22.19 -17.3%

Healthcare practitioners and technical 5.8 7.5 29.3 36.54 34.41 -5.8% Healthcare support 2.9 3.9 34.5 13.86 12.65 -8.7% Protective service 2.4 2.5 4.2 21.14 19.31 -8.7% Food preparation and serving related 9.1 8.7 -4.4 10.57 10.22 -3.3% Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance 3.2 3.2 0.0 12.68 12.52 -1.3%

Personal care and service 3.1 2.4 -22.6 12.01 11.9 -0.9% Sales and related 10.5 9.9 -5.7 18.59 19.72 6.1% Office and administrative support 16.0 16.0 0.0 17.08 16.88 -1.2% Farming, fishing and forestry 0.3 (n) 12.09 13.14 8.7% Construction and extraction 3.9 3 -23.1 22.4 23.86 6.5% Installation, maintenance and repair 3.9 3.7 -5.1 21.74 21.56 -0.8% Production 6.6 8.9 34.8 17.06 17.27 1.2% Transportation and material moving 6.8 6.3 -7.4 16.57 16.15 -2.5%

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics using May 2014 data Note: (n) indicates a value of less than 0.05%.

26 Section III. Transportation Fact Book 2016

Section III. Transportation

A. Infrastructure 1. Regional Transportation Infrastructure

Mode Components Value

Highway1

Interstates and Freeways Route Miles 316 Principal and Minor Arterials Route Miles 1,366 Collectors and Local Roads Route Miles 9,296 Bridges 3,069

Air2

Commercial Airports 1 Reliever Airports 5 General Aviation 2

Rail

Miles of Freight Railroad3 763 Miles Class I Freight Railroad3 429 Miles of Local & Regional Freight Railroads3,4 334 Amtrak Stations2 2 Scenic Railway Stations2 3

Public transit2

Transit Agencies based in the NOACA Region 6 Other Transit Agencies with Service in/to NOACA Region 3 Heavy Rail Route Miles 19 Light Rail Route Miles 15.4 BRT Route Miles5 16.2 Heavy Rail Stations 18 Light Rail Stations 35

Bicycle & Bicycle Lanes 69.4 Pedestrian6 Multipurpose Paths 261.1 Miles of Lake Erie Coastline2 90.9 Water Miles of Publicly Accessible Coastline7 14.3 Miles of Navigable Waterways2 62.1 Ports2 3 Notes: 1 Based on NOACA GIS Analysis of all roads in the five counties, 2014 except for local roads; 2007

data for local roads. 2 As of 2015. 3 From the National Transportation Atlas Database, 2012. 4 Mileage does not include rail transit lines. 5 RTA HealthLine and RTA Cleveland State University (CSU) Line between Clifton Blvd. & W. Clifton Blvd. and E. 22 St. & Prospect Ave. 6 As of December 2013 for Geauga, Lake, Lorain and Medina Counties; as of December 2015 for Cuyahoga County.

7 From the Ohio Department of Natural Resources 2007 Ohio Coastal Atlas.

Fact Book 2016 Section III. Transportation 27

2. Miles of Road by Functional Classification, 2014 All roads in the NOACA region (and the state) are classified by “functional class.” Each class is a grouping based on the level of transportation capacity and service that the road supports. Below are the route miles of road by functional classification by county.

Functional Class1 Cuyahoga Geauga Lake Lorain Medina Region

1: Principal Arterial (Interstate) 132.3 0.0 31.0 36.9 45.0 245.1 2: Principal Arterial (Expressway or Freeway) 16.8 6.2 23.3 24.4 0.0 70.6

3: Principal Arterial (Other) 262.0 52.3 37.8 87.4 47.6 487.1

4: Minor Arterial 464.7 61.7 102.6 183.8 66.1 878.9

5: Major Collector 345.0 202.9 166.3 224.0 236.0 1,174.3

6: Minor Collector 0.0 9.0 22.8 58.8 34.9 125.4

7: Local1 3,809.7 875.2 940.8 1,389.2 981.6 7,996.6

Total Mileage 5,030.5 1,207.3 1,324.5 2,004.4 1,411.3 10,978.0

Source: NOACA GIS Database. Note: 1 Mileage for functional classes 1-6 are as of 2014; for local roads, the data are from 2007. 3. Federal-Aid Road Lane Miles by County, 2015 The federal-aid system of roads comprises all interstates, expressways and major roads, and all other public roads that are not classified as local roads or rural minor collectors. Roadway mileage on bridges are excluded from the data. Lane miles on the federal-aid system by county are listed below.

Geography Interstate Non-Interstate

Total Lane Miles

Cuyahoga 905.0 3,432.5 4,337.5

Geauga 0.0 681.6 681.6

Lake 157.5 857.1 1,014.6

Lorain 200.4 1,267.21 1,467.6

Medina 237.5 755.6 993.1 Total 1,500.4 6,994.0 8,494.4

Source: NOACA GIS Analysis, 2015 Note: 1 Includes 39.5 lane miles in the City of Vermilion, which is outside the NOACA boundary.


4a. Roadway Pavement Conditions on the Federal-Aid System, 2006-

2014: NOACA Region The federal-aid system roads encompass all interstates, expressways and major roads, and all other public roads not classified as local roads or rural minor collectors. Note that mileage on roadways that are divided, such as interstates, are assessed and counted per direction as it is possible to have different Pavement Condition Rating (PCR) values on each side (direction) of a roadway. Also, roadway mileage on bridges is excluded from the data, as bridges are assessed using different criteria.

Pavement Condition Rating (PCR) Element 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014

Very Good 90 - 100 Miles 1,132.5 1,044.3 864.5 989.9 644.6

Percentage 34.7% 31.9% 26.3% 30.1% 19.6%

Good 75 - 89 Miles 1,203.8 1,239.6 1,318.4 1,226.8 1,517.0

Percentage 36.9% 37.8% 40.2% 37.4% 46.1%

Fair 65 - 74 Miles 595.6 656.9 596.6 573.9 667.8

Percentage 18.3% 20.0% 18.2% 17.5% 20.3%

Fair to Poor 55 - 64 Miles 247.2 244.7 350.9 357.8 348.8

Percentage 7.6% 7.5% 10.7% 10.9% 10.6%

Poor 40 - 54 Miles 81.8 91.4 133.1 122.8 101.6

Percentage 2.5% 2.8% 4.1% 3.7% 3.1%

Very Poor 0 - 39 Miles 0.0 0.3 18.9 12.6 12.7

Percentage 0.0% 0.0% 0.6% 0.4% 0.4%

Total Miles1,2 3,260.9 3,277.1 3,282.3 3,283.7 3,292.5

Source: NOACA Regional Pavement Management System (RPMS) based on data from the Ohio Department of Transportation Notes: 1 Mileage indicated is in route miles, not lane miles. 2 Changes in total mileage by year may not necessarily mean the development of new or closure of existing federal-aid

system roads. It is possible that existing roads may have changed federal-aid system classification. For example, an existing local road may be reclassified as an “urban minor collector,” thus making it part of the federal-aid system.

25.0%

35.0%

45.0%

55.0%

65.0%

75.0%

2006 2008 2010 2012 2014

Good or Very Good (PCR 75 & above) Fair and Below (PCR <75)


4b. Roadway Pavement Conditions on the Federal-Aid System, 2006-

2014: Cuyahoga County The federal-aid system roads encompass all interstates, expressways and major roads, and all other public roads not classified as local roads or rural minor collectors. Note that mileage on roadways that are divided, such as interstates, are assessed and counted per direction as it is possible to have different Pavement Condition Rating (PCR) values on each side (direction) of a roadway. Also, roadway mileage on bridges is excluded from the data, as bridges are assessed using different criteria.


Very Good 90 - 100 Miles 522.4 440.1 359.2 364.2 300.8

Percentage 36.4% 30.6% 24.9% 25.2% 20.9%

Good 75 - 89 Miles 541.9 546.8 543.3 561.3 656.5

Percentage 37.8% 38.0% 37.6% 38.9% 45.5%

Fair 65 - 74 Miles 251.2 296.4 274.6 255.2 256.1

Percentage 17.5% 20.6% 19.0% 17.7% 17.8%


Percentage 6.4% 8.4% 11.9% 12.9% 11.1%

Poor 40 - 54 Miles 25.5 35.0 85.4 72.0 62.3

Percentage 1.8% 2.4% 5.9% 5.0% 4.3%

Very Poor 0 - 39 Miles 0.0 0.0 9.7 5.1 6.8

Percentage 0.0% 0.0% 0.7% 0.4% 0.5%

Total Miles1,2 1,433.4 1,438.9 1,443.7 1,443.9 1,442.7

Source: NOACA Regional Pavement Management System (RPMS) based on data from the Ohio Department of Transportation Notes: 1 Mileage indicated is in route miles, not lane miles. 2 Changes in total mileage by year may not necessarily mean the development of new or closure of existing federal-aid system roads. It is possible that existing roads may have changed federal-aid system classification. For example, an existing local road may be reclassified as an “urban minor collector,” thus making it part of the federal-aid system.

20.0%

30.0%

40.0%

50.0%

60.0%

70.0%

80.0%

2006 2008 2010 2012 2014



4c. Roadway Pavement Conditions on the Federal-Aid System, 2006-

2014: Geauga County The federal-aid system roads encompass all interstates, expressways and major roads, and all other public roads not classified as local roads or rural minor collectors. Note that mileage on roadways that are divided, such as interstates, are assessed and counted per direction as it is possible to have different Pavement Condition Rating (PCR) values on each side (direction) of a roadway. Also, roadway mileage on bridges is excluded from the data, as bridges are assessed using different criteria.


Very Good 90 - 100 Miles 107.3 102.9 71.7 115.5 42.1

Percentage 31.8% 30.4% 21.3% 34.3% 12.5%

Good 75 - 89 Miles 161.9 147.2 161.8 139.4 171.1

Percentage 48.0% 43.5% 48.2% 41.4% 50.8%

Fair 65 - 74 Miles 52.9 74.1 54.6 38.6 100.7

Percentage 15.7% 21.9% 16.2% 11.5% 29.9%


Percentage 3.8% 4.1% 12.7% 12.7% 6.6%

Poor 40 - 54 Miles 2.1 0.5 5.3 0.8 0.8

Percentage 0.6% 0.2% 1.6% 0.2% 0.2%

Very Poor 0 - 39 Miles 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Percentage 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

Total Miles1,2 337.1 338.6 335.9 336.9 336.9


10.0%

20.0%

30.0%

40.0%

50.0%

60.0%

70.0%

80.0%

90.0%

2006 2008 2010 2012 2014



4d. Roadway Pavement Conditions on the Federal-Aid system, 2006-

2014: Lake County The federal-aid system roads encompass all interstates, expressways and major roads, and all other public roads not classified as local roads or rural minor collectors. Note that mileage on roadways that are divided, such as interstates, are assessed and counted per direction as it is possible to have different Pavement Condition Rating (PCR) values on each side (direction) of a roadway. Also, roadway mileage on bridges is excluded from the data, as bridges are assessed using different criteria.


Very Good 90 - 100 Miles 117.4 112.6 106.9 143.8 90.7

Percentage 27.8% 26.7% 25.3% 34.1% 21.3%

Good 75 - 89 Miles 152.7 150.9 148.9 137.0 179.2

Percentage 36.2% 35.7% 35.3% 32.5% 42.1%

Fair 65 - 74 Miles 102.5 102.3 88.2 76.1 79.5

Percentage 24.3% 24.2% 20.9% 18.0% 18.7%


Percentage 8.0% 11.8% 15.3% 13.0% 16.0%

Poor 40 - 54 Miles 15.7 6.6 13.5 10.4 8.1

Percentage 3.7% 1.6% 3.2% 2.5% 1.9%

Very Poor 0 - 39 Miles 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Percentage 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

Total Miles1,2 421.9 422.1 421.9 422.0 425.5


20.0%

30.0%

40.0%

50.0%

60.0%

70.0%

2006 2008 2010 2012 2014



4e. Roadway Pavement Conditions on the Federal-Aid system, 2006-

2014: Lorain County The federal-aid system roads encompass all interstates, expressways and major roads, and all other public roads not classified as local roads or rural minor collectors. Note that mileage on roadways that are divided, such as interstates, are assessed and counted per direction as it is possible to have different Pavement Condition Rating (PCR) values on each side (direction) of a roadway. Also, roadway mileage on bridges is excluded from the data, as bridges are assessed using different criteria.


Very Good 90 - 100 Miles 200.2 222.9 178.1 187.7 122.4

Percentage 32.5% 35.8% 28.4% 29.9% 19.5%

Good 75 - 89 Miles 189.4 221.0 295.6 264.2 305.7

Percentage 30.8% 35.5% 47.1% 42.1% 48.8%

Fair 65 - 74 Miles 119.2 106.5 99.8 125.3 139.4

Percentage 19.4% 17.1% 15.9% 20.0% 22.3%


Percentage 12.8% 5.2% 5.8% 4.5% 7.6%

Poor 40 - 54 Miles 27.8 39.9 17.2 21.4 9.4

Percentage 4.5% 6.4% 2.7% 3.4% 1.5%

Very Poor 0 - 39 Miles 0.0 0.3 0.2 0.2 1.4

Percentage 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.2%

Total Miles1,2 615.3 622.9 627.2 627.3 626.0


10.0%

20.0%

30.0%

40.0%

50.0%

60.0%

70.0%

80.0%

2006 2008 2010 2012 2014



4f. Roadway Pavement Conditions on the Federal-Aid system, 2006-

2014: Medina County The federal-aid system roads encompass all interstates, expressways and major roads, and all other public roads not classified as local roads or rural minor collectors. Note that mileage on roadways that are divided, such as interstates, are assessed and counted per direction as it is possible to have different Pavement Condition Rating (PCR) values on each side (direction) of a roadway. Also, roadway mileage on bridges is excluded from the data, as bridges are assessed using different criteria.


Very Good 90 - 100 Miles 185.2 165.7 148.6 178.6 88.6

Percentage 40.9% 36.5% 32.8% 39.4% 19.2%

Good 75 - 89 Miles 157.9 173.7 168.9 124.8 204.5

Percentage 34.8% 38.2% 37.2% 27.5% 44.3%

Fair 65 - 74 Miles 69.8 77.5 79.4 78.7 92.2

Percentage 15.4% 17.1% 17.5% 17.3% 20.0%


Percentage 6.5% 6.2% 8.0% 10.1% 11.0%

Poor 40 - 54 Miles 10.6 9.4 11.8 18.3 21.1

Percentage 2.3% 2.1% 2.6% 4.0% 4.6%

Very Poor 0 - 39 Miles 0.0 0.0 8.9 7.3 4.5

Percentage 0.0% 0.0% 2.0% 1.6% 1.0%

Total Miles1,2 453.2 454.5 453.6 453.6 461.3


10.0%

20.0%

30.0%

40.0%

50.0%

60.0%

70.0%

80.0%

2006 2008 2010 2012 2014



4g. Roadway Pavement Conditions Rated “Fair” or Lower, Five

Counties, 2010-2014 Although the percentage of route miles of federal-aid routes in each county that have been assessed as having a Pavement Condition Rating of “fair” or below is relatively comparable across all NOACA counties (all falling between 32% and 37% for 2014), the volume of roadways in such condition is better understood when expressed in terms of mileage (rather than as a percentage). The table and graph below present the mileage of federal-aid routes in fair or worse condition. The federal-aid system roads encompass all interstates, expressways and major roads, and all other public roads not classified as local roads or rural minor collectors. Note that mileage on roadways that are divided, such as interstates, are assessed and counted per direction as it is possible to have different Pavement Condition Rating (PCR) values on each side (direction) of a roadway. Also, roadway mileage on bridges is excluded from the data, as bridges are assessed using different criteria.

County 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 Cuyahoga 369.1 452.0 541.2 518.4 485.4 Geauga 67.9 88.6 102.4 82.1 123.8 Lake 151.8 158.6 166.1 141.1 155.6 Lorain 225.7 179.0 153.5 175.4 198.0 Medina 110.1 115.1 136.1 150.2 168.3 Total 924.6 993.3 1,099.4 1,067.1 1,130.9

Source: NOACA Regional Pavement Management System (RPMS) based on data from the Ohio Dept. of Transportation Notes: Mileage indicated is in route miles, not lane miles.

0.0

100.0

200.0

300.0

400.0

500.0

600.0

2006 2008 2010 2012 2014

Miles of Federal-Aid Routes per County in "Fair" or Lower Condition

Cuyahoga Geauga Lake Lorain Medina


5. Bridge Conditions by County and the Region, 2014 Bridges are assessed into one of ten condition levels, from 0 (failed) to 9 (as built). Regionally, 89% of all bridges are in “fair” and above condition; however, only 46.4% are assessed as in “good” or better condition.

Condition Appraisal Cuyahoga County

Geauga County

Lake County

Lorain County

Medina County

NOACA Region

% of Total

9 - As Built 29 36 8 56 38 167 5.4%

8 - Very Good 126 92 47 96 79 440 14.3%

7 - Good 391 51 70 139 165 816 26.6%

6 - Satisfactory 460 74 108 177 132 951 31.0%

5 - Fair 152 14 41 87 64 358 11.7%

4 - Poor 105 13 12 39 44 213 6.9%

3 - Serious 46 1 7 13 28 95 3.1%

2 - Critical 12 0 2 4 1 19 0.6%

1 - "Imminent" Failure 3 0 0 0 0 3 0.1%

0 - Failed 4 1 0 2 0 7 0.2% Total 1,328 282 295 613 551 3,069 100.0%

% Good and Above 41.1% 63.5% 42.4% 47.5% 51.2% 46.4% 46.4%

Source: Ohio Department of Transportation Note: A failed bridge is out of service and considered beyond corrective action. Criteria for each appraisal level are defined by ODOT, which states, “General appraisal will be based on the existing condition of the bridge compared to its as-built condition.” 6. Miles of Bike Lanes and Multipurpose Trails, 2013/2015 Miles of bicycle lanes and multipurpose paths in the NOACA region.

County Lane Miles Multipurpose Path Miles

Cuyahoga1 34.3 157.1 Geauga2 0.0 15.5 Lake2 17.3 17.0 Lorain2 17.8 55.0 Medina2 0.0 16.5 TOTAL 69.4 261.1 Source: NOACA Notes: 1 As of 2015. 2 As of 2013.


7. Miles of Freight Railroad, 2012 From the region’s history as a strong center of manufacturing, the NOACA region currently has more than 750 miles of freight railroad tracks, 69% of which are in Cuyahoga and Lorain counties.

Cuyahoga Geauga Lake Lorain Medina Total

Class I 198.89 0.00 69.22 120.41 40.67 429.19

Other Freight 121.33 23.6 34.88 82.23 71.90 333.94

Total 320.22 23.6 104.1 202.64 112.57 763.13

Source: Data from the U.S. Department of Transportation Bureau of Transportation Research, National Transportation Atlas Database, 2012 Note: In the NOACA region, Amtrak uses rail lines owned by Class I railroads and does not own any of the tracks.


8. Freight Intermodal Connectors, 2015 Intermodal connectors are defined by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) as roads that provide access between major intermodal facilities and at least one of the four other subsystems that make up the National Highway System (NHS).1 Nationwide, the U.S. Department of Transportation, state departments of transportation and metropolitan planning organizations (MPOs) have the task of designating NHS connectors. In the NOACA region, there are 14 designated intermodal connectors that predominantly serve freight needs. The qualifying data for these connectors are presented below.

Intermodal Connector Identifier

Community Name of Connector Volume Volume Criteria Length (Miles)

OH38P

Fairport Harbor/ Painesville/ Painesville Twp.

Union Sands Fairport Harbor 519,000 Tons/Year (2009) 3.86

OH39P

Fairport Harbor/ Painesville Twp.

Port of Fairport Harbor-Grand River

2,319,000 Tons/Year (2006) 1.50

OH40P & OH41P (combined data) Lorain

Port of Lorain – USS/Kobe Steel (40) & Amcor Marine Corp. (41)

2,154,000 Tons/Year (2006) 2.33 (OH40P) 0.06 (OH41P)

OH42P Lorain Port of Lorain – Jonick Dock & Terminal

1,365,000 Tons/Year (2006) 1.17

OH43P & OH45P (combined data) Cleveland

Port of Cleveland – East Basin (43) & Cuyahoga River Berths (45)

507,036 (international); 85,985 (cement)

Tons/Year (2014) 0.88 (OH43P) 0.56 (OH45P)

OH44P Cleveland Port of Cleveland – West Basin 3,401,789 Tons/Year (2014) 0.97

OH46P Cleveland Port of Cleveland – Berths & R/R Truck Terminal

1,059,000 Tons/Year (2006) 2.37

OH47P Cleveland Port of Cleveland – Marathon Oil 1,367,000 Tons/Year (2006) 2.02

OH49A Brook Park/ Cleveland

Cleveland Hopkins International Airport

104,426 5,724,440

Tons/Year (2005) Enplaned Passengers (2005)

1.98

OH61R Cleveland CSX Intermodal & Flexi-Flo Bulk Terminal

300 Trucks/Day (2007) 0.04

OH63R Medina Medina Supply Co. & Stone Yard 500,000 Tons/Year (2007) 0.57

OH88R

Maple Heights/ Garfield Heights

Norfolk Southern Cleveland Intermodal Terminal

209,776 TEU2/Year (2007) 1.05

Source: NOACA Intermodal Connector Technical Memorandum, August 2015 Notes: 1 The five subsystems of the NHS, as designated by USDOT, are 1) Interstates, 2) Other Principal Arterials, 3)

Strategic Highway Network (STRAHNET), 4) Major Strategic Highway Network Connectors and 5) Intermodal Connectors.

2 TEU: 20-Foot Equivalent Unit. One TEU = One 20-foot cargo container.


9. Airports in the NOACA Region, 2015 There are eight airports in the NOACA region, all of which are part of the National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems, comprising one commercial airport (Cleveland Hopkins International Airport), five reliever airports and two general aviation airports.

Airport FAA Identifier County Owner-

ship NPIAS Classification 2015-2019

Development Estimate1

Cleveland Hopkins International CLE Cuyahoga Public Primary Commercial Service $174,164,585 Cleveland Burke Lakefront BKL Cuyahoga Public Reliever $2,444,444 Cuyahoga County CGF Cuyahoga Public Reliever $48,611,690 Geauga County 7G8 Geauga Public General Aviation $2,067,665 Willoughby Lost Nation Municipal LNN Lake Public Reliever $1,263,158 Lorain County Regional LPR Lorain Public Reliever $1,873,100 Medina Municipal 1G5 Medina Public Reliever $1,645,146 Wadsworth Municipal 3G3 Medina Public General Aviation $1,590,590

Source: U.S. Department of Transportation 2015-2019 National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems (NPIAS) Note: 1 The Development Estimate is the five-year estimate of airport improvements that are eligible for federal development grants under the Airport Improvement Program. Costs associated with planning (master plans, regional and state system plans, and environmental studies) are not included in these numbers. Nationally, for the five-year period 2015-2019, planning costs total $364 million. Note that the development estimated presented in this table was largely compiled in 2013 with adjustments through February 2014.

10. Navigable Waterways, 2015 There are five major river basins in the NOACA region that are formed by the Black, Rocky, Cuyahoga, Chagrin and Grand Rivers. Within these basins there are eight waterways that are classified as navigable.

Waterway

Navigable Portion

Counties Traversed Total (miles) In NOACA

Region (miles)

Beaver Creek Lorain 0.5 0.5

Black River Lorain 6.0 6.0

Chagrin River Lake 1.5 1.5

Cuyahoga River Cuyahoga, Summit 41.1 25.1

Old River (Cuyahoga) Cuyahoga 1.5 1.5

Grand River Lake, Ashtabula, Trumbull 91.8 26.6

Rocky River Cuyahoga 0.8 0.8

Vermilion River Erie, Lorain 2.0 0.1

5-County Total 62.1

Source: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, U.S. Census (TIGER shapefile) and NOACA GIS Analysis


B. Movement of People and Goods 11. Daily Vehicle Miles Traveled, 2010-2014 On average, more than 47 million vehicle miles are traveled each day on the road network in the five NOACA counties. The Daily Vehicle Miles Traveled (DVMT) table below presents the amount of traffic on the region’s road network per average day, by county and by year. Values below are depicted in millions (mDVMT).

Geography 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Change 2013 to

2014

Change 2010 to

2014

Cuyahoga 28.967 28.907 28.638 28.873 28.829 -0.2% -0.5%

Geauga 2.149 2.117 2.092 1.979 2.041 3.1% -5.0%

Lake 6.017 5.918 5.815 5.760 5.556 -3.5% -7.7%

Lorain 6.682 6.940 6.727 6.677 6.634 -0.6% -0.7%

Medina 4.579 4.514 4.039 4.257 4.291 0.8% -6.3% NOACA Region Total 48.393 48.396 47.312 47.545 47.350 -0.4% -2.2%

Ohio 310.969 306.160 305.392 308.869 308.908 0.0% -0.7%

NOACA Region as a proportion of the state 15.6% 15.8% 15.5% 15.4% 15.3%

Source: Ohio Department of Transportation, Division of Planning, Office of Technical Services


12a. Non-Local Air Operations at Ohio Airports, 2011-2015 The data below present itinerant air carrier and air taxi operations only. (Air taxi operations are flights of aircraft with 60 or fewer seats). As such, “local” operations, such as take-offs and landings at the same airport, are excluded. Also excluded are all general aviation, flight schools and military flights. The final column in the table below presents air carrier and air taxi operations as a proportion of all operations at an airport. Note that as a secondary airport, Burke Lakefront, at 24%, has a higher proportion of air carrier and air taxi operations than any other secondary airport in the state. Ranked by 2011-2015 average operations.

Non-Local Air Operations, Excluding General Aviation & Military

2015 All

Opera-tions

% Air Carrier or Air

Taxi of All

Airport Opera-tions

Rank Airport 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2011-15 Average

2011-15 Change

1 Cleveland Hopkins1 179,382 172,180 172,483 121,727 108,308 150,816 -39.6% 117,773 92.0%

2 Cincinnati Northern Kentucky2 157,367 138,519 132,739 128,129 126,966 136,744 -19.3% 133,225 95.3%

3 Columbus Port Columbus 110,932 105,617 104,771 102,869 104,589 105,756 -5.7% 125,727 83.2%

4 Dayton 48,217 46,816 45,439 41,379 39,247 44,220 -18.6% 50,596 77.6%

5 Akron-Canton 29,233 30,112 29,889 27,882 27,996 29,022 -4.2% 68,109 41.1%

6 Cleveland Burke Lakefront 14,612 15,490 13,922 13,375 11,810 13,842 -19.2% 49,278 24.0%

7 Cincinnati Lunken 12,379 11,055 11,420 12,516 14,630 12,400 18.2% 82,568 17.7%

8 Toledo 13,735 6,895 7,510 6,668 6,542 8,270 -52.4% 28,008 23.4%

9 Columbus Ohio State Univ. 2,706 2,594 6,659 10,783 12,429 7,034 359.3% 75,372 16.5%

10 Cleveland Cuyahoga County 2,980 3,184 3,336 3,610 3,730 3,368 25.2% 28,841 12.9%

11 Youngstown 1,930 2,007 2,052 2,541 2,589 2,224 34.1% 25,093 10.3%

12 Mansfield 624 517 402 555 669 553 7.2% 22,739 2.9%

13 Columbus Bolton Field 158 154 180 157 60 142 -62.0% 13,683 0.4%

Source: Federal Aviation Administration Notes: 1 At Cleveland Hopkins International Airport, the significant drop in operations after 2013 can be attributed to the actions of United Airlines. Between 2013 and 2015, air taxi operations fell 71% from 114,719 in 2013 to 33,299 in 2015. United Airlines’ closure of its Cleveland hub, which was implemented between April and June, 2014, focused extensively on regional jet operations that use aircraft with 60 or fewer seats. Meanwhile, air carrier operations (aircraft with more than 60 seats) by carriers other than United increased 30%, from 57,764 in 2013 to 75,009 in 2015.

2 Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky Airport, the primary airport for Cincinnati, is located in Kentucky, but as it serves an Ohio city, it is included here.


12b. Passenger Enplanements at Cleveland Hopkins International

Airport, 2002-2015 Passenger departures at Cleveland Hopkins International Airport decreased between 2002 and 2014, and the airport’s rank dropped correspondingly from 38th to 47th. Significant drops in boardings in 2009 and 2014 can be attributed to United Airlines’ major service reductions in those years, including the closure of its hub which was executed between April and June 2014. The entry into the Cleveland market by Spirit Airlines and JetBlue, combined with capacity increases by other airlines, notably Frontier Airlines, however, has resulted in a rebound of passenger departure numbers in 2015, though they remain below 2013 levels.

Year U.S. Rank

Passenger Departures

Change from

Previous Year

2002 38 5,146,975 -8.6%

2003 37 5,012,446 -2.6%

2004 35 5,389,196 7.5%

2005 35 5,529,629 2.6%

2006 36 5,447,482 -1.5%

2007 35 5,571,219 2.3%

2008 34 5,387,625 -3.3%

2009 35 4,704,329 -12.7%

2010 36 4,591,097 -2.4%

2011 39 4,401,033 -4.1%

2012 40 4,346,941 -1.2%

2013 40 4,375,448 0.7%

2014 47 3,686,315 -15.8%

2015 (a) 4,046,634 9.8%

Source: Federal Aviation Administration, 2002-2014; City of Cleveland for 2015 Note: (a) 2015 U.S. rankings, from the Federal Aviation Administration, are expected in fall 2016.


12c. Top 25 Domestic Air Markets for Cleveland, 3rd Quarter 2014 The table below presents the top 25 domestic air markets for the Cleveland air market which, in 2014, was served by two commercial airports, Cleveland Hopkins International Airport and Akron-Canton.

Market Data Largest Carrier Lowest Fare Carrier

Rank City1 Passengers/ Day2

Avg. One-way Fare

Carrier % of

Market Share

Avg. One-way Fare

Carrier % of

Market Share

Avg. One-way Fare

1 New York 1405 234.79 United 44.4% 302.28 Southwest 30.1% 128.38

2 Chicago 1290 201.25 United 50.3% 216.24 Southwest 34.8% 179.49

3 Atlanta 921 193.66 Delta 55.1% 229.51 Frontier 18.5% 91.63

4 Orlando 856 168.07 Southwest 29.3% 165.43 Frontier 25.8% 112.21

5 Los Angeles 812 340.78 United 54.0% 380.78 Southwest 16.3% 276.26

6 Denver 717 224.16 Frontier 36.8% 174.76 Frontier 36.8% 174.76

7 Boston 700 249.02 Southwest 47.7% 164.53 Southwest 47.7% 164.53

8 Washington, DC 692 211.85 Southwest 56.4% 159.03 Southwest 56.4% 159.03

9 Las Vegas 618 260.48 Southwest 40.4% 229.43 Southwest 40.4% 229.43

10 San Francisco 605 349.37 United 53.5% 394.78 Southwest 20.1% 284.33

11 Tampa 591 167.19 Southwest 33.3% 161.96 Frontier 20.7% 117.96

12 Dallas/Fort Worth 515 280.20 American 43.8% 316.34 Frontier 14.9% 104.67

13 Miami 499 225.70 Frontier 21.4% 134.41 Frontier 21.4% 134.41

14 Houston 449 323.57 United 46.8% 432.24 Southwest 23.1% 221.97

15 Charlotte 445 218.00 US Airways 81.3% 220.91 Southwest 1.7% 183.89

16 Phoenix 436 235.68 Southwest 28.4% 226.04 Frontier 17.5% 171.78

17 Nashville 375 176.17 Southwest 81.7% 170.66 Southwest 81.7% 170.66

18 Fort Myers 366 168.43 United 37.8% 192.03 Frontier 30.1% 120.74

19 Seattle 347 309.35 Frontier 31.3% 241.90 Frontier 31.3% 241.90

20 Minneapolis/St. Paul 330 315.61 Delta 61.7% 336.48 Southwest 11.2% 265.43

21 Philadelphia 250 359.04 US Airways 87.6% 371.85 Delta 4.4% 227.60

22 Raleigh/Durham, NC 234 145.97 Frontier 41.9% 78.46 Frontier 41.9% 78.46

23 St. Louis 200 224.44 Southwest 40.4% 198.96 Southwest 40.4% 198.96

24 San Diego 198 319.71 United 38.4% 335.84 Southwest 32.2% 290.71

25 Kansas City 178 256.82 Southwest 36.7% 258.63 Delta 23.9% 234.64

Source: U.S. Department of Transportation, Office of Aviation Analysis Notes: 1 A city includes all airports that serve the same city market. For example, “Cleveland” comprises Cleveland Hopkins and Akron-Canton; “Washington” comprises Dulles, National and Baltimore; “New York City” comprises LaGuardia, Newark, JFK, Islip, Stewart and Westchester; and “Chicago” comprises O'Hare and Midway.

2 Data is directionless between cities.


13a. Freight Movement at the Port of Cleveland, 2006-2014 Tonnage at the Port of Cleveland is presented below by domestic and foreign cargo, with foreign cargo further categorized into imports and exports. Ranked in terms of tonnage, in 2014, Cleveland was the 46th largest port in the nation. Tonnage exceeded 2006 levels for the first time in this year.

Year U.S. Rank Total

Difference in Total

from Previous

Year

Domestic

Foreign

Imports Exports Exports

from Previous

Year

Total Foreign

Difference in Foreign

from Previous

Year

2006 44 15,186,819 11,467,131 3,598,998 120,690 3,719,688

2007 48 12,792,544 -15.77% 10,374,399 2,247,988 170,157 40.99% 2,418,145 -34.99%

2008 51 10,637,330 -16.85% 8,594,142 1,743,754 299,434 75.98% 2,043,188 -15.51%

2009 64 6,075,920 -42.88% 4,642,106 1,269,813 164,001 -45.23% 1,433,814 -29.82%

2010 48 10,791,326 77.61% 9,218,274 1,509,430 63,622 -61.21% 1,573,052 9.71%

2011 50 11,573,531 7.25% 10,185,645 1,282,844 105,042 65.10% 1,387,886 -11.77%

2012 50 11,313,415 -2.25% 9,924,890 1,371,686 16,839 -83.97% 1,388,525 0.05%

2013 48 11,454,092 1.24% 9,925,787 1,459,648 68,657 307.73% 1,528,305 10.07%

2014 46 12,999,044 13.5% 11,521,350 1,435,913 41,781 -39.1% 1,477,694 -3.3%

Source: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Navigation Data Center Note: Data are in short tons.


13b. Freight Movement at Selected U.S. Ports, 2014 Listed below are the top 50 U.S. ports, plus other Cleveland area ports, ranked by total tonnage.

2014 U.S. Rank

Port Total Domestic Foreign

Total Imports Exports 1 South Louisiana, LA, Port of 267,392,170 141,561,700 125,830,470 40,351,094 85,479,376 2 Houston, TX 234,304,391 73,767,594 160,536,797 76,688,415 83,848,382 3 New York, NY and NJ 126,158,655 46,529,478 79,629,177 60,787,817 18,841,360 4 Beaumont, TX 87,283,716 34,346,080 52,937,636 39,175,258 13,762,378 5 Long Beach, CA 85,026,064 10,882,939 74,143,125 47,797,480 26,345,645 6 Corpus Christi, TX 84,928,330 40,182,795 44,745,535 26,462,411 18,283,124 7 New Orleans, LA 84,467,013 47,355,157 37,111,856 17,688,560 19,423,296 8 Baton Rouge, LA 69,185,878 42,803,795 26,382,083 12,853,629 13,528,454 9 Mobile, AL 64,287,565 27,461,022 36,826,543 18,308,123 18,518,420 10 Los Angeles, CA 61,016,924 5,770,177 55,246,747 34,258,035 20,988,712 11 Lake Charles, LA 56,801,454 28,061,568 28,739,886 20,042,990 8,696,896 12 Plaquemines, LA, Port of 55,494,992 35,326,019 20,168,973 2,254,918 17,914,055 13 Cincinnati-Northern KY, Ports 49,930,467 49,930,467 - - - 14 Norfolk Harbor, VA 47,999,943 6,005,329 41,994,614 10,508,905 31,485,709 15 Texas City, TX 47,884,949 18,838,804 29,046,145 15,465,441 13,580,704 16 Huntington - Tristate 46,414,270 46,414,270 - - - 17 St. Louis, MO and IL 38,872,599 38,872,599 - - - 18 Duluth-Superior, MN and WI 37,389,983 28,489,594 8,900,389 654,789 8,245,600 19 Baltimore, MD 37,157,348 6,868,369 30,288,979 12,915,054 17,373,925 20 Port Arthur, TX 36,669,609 10,958,084 25,711,525 7,509,203 18,202,322 21 Tampa, FL 35,193,654 22,567,609 12,626,045 6,790,932 5,835,113 22 Savannah, GA 34,359,148 1,293,132 33,066,016 15,778,045 17,287,971 23 Pittsburgh, PA 31,498,610 31,498,610 - - - 24 Pascagoula, MS 27,896,291 9,620,969 18,275,322 11,194,000 7,081,322 25 Valdez, AK 26,512,732 26,383,084 129,648 - 129,648 26 Richmond, CA 26,039,333 8,706,655 17,332,678 12,534,062 4,798,616 27 Newport News, VA 25,701,036 987,568 24,713,468 217,055 24,496,413 28 Portland, OR 25,142,613 9,516,779 15,625,834 3,198,660 12,427,174 29 Tacoma, WA 25,140,934 4,532,347 20,608,587 8,212,118 12,396,469 30 Port Everglades, FL 22,441,578 9,515,640 12,925,938 9,480,293 3,445,645 31 Seattle, WA 22,362,104 5,467,321 16,894,783 7,273,063 9,621,720 32 Freeport, TX 22,327,032 6,253,363 16,073,669 12,788,677 3,284,992 33 Charleston, SC 19,847,051 1,567,998 18,279,053 10,825,487 7,453,566 34 Oakland, CA 18,912,618 1,977,049 16,935,569 7,131,055 9,804,514 35 Philadelphia, PA 18,531,786 11,152,207 7,379,579 6,475,827 903,752 36 Paulsboro, NJ 17,863,882 6,858,665 11,005,217 9,328,472 1,676,745 37 Chicago, IL 17,482,673 15,404,133 2,078,540 2,073,580 4,960 38 Jacksonville, FL 17,300,602 6,494,914 10,805,688 8,471,375 2,334,313 39 Boston, MA 17,023,050 5,096,644 11,926,406 10,413,422 1,512,984 40 Two Harbors, MN 14,779,471 13,968,329 811,142 - 811,142 41 Memphis, TN 14,748,636 14,748,636 - - - 42 Honolulu, HI 14,612,635 13,482,771 1,129,864 899,157 230,707 43 Detroit, MI 14,147,457 11,307,855 2,839,602 2,731,279 108,323 44 Longview, WA 13,822,645 1,756,354 12,066,291 561,741 11,504,550 45 Indiana Harbor, IN 13,019,286 12,719,849 299,437 293,588 5,849 46 Cleveland, OH 12,999,044 11,521,350 1,477,694 1,435,913 41,781 47 Toledo, OH 11,278,405 6,308,736 4,969,669 2,261,587 2,708,082 48 Matagorda Port Lv Pt Com, TX 11,257,626 3,323,002 7,934,624 5,656,546 2,278,078 49 San Juan, PR 10,793,738 4,667,505 6,126,233 5,805,177 321,056 50 Kalama, WA 10,712,587 508,288 10,204,299 502,198 9,702,101 79 Ashtabula, OH 4,834,323 3,497,513 1,336,810 487,704 849,106 80 Conneaut, OH 4,800,331 3,734,679 1,065,652 311,957 753,695

123 Fairport Harbor, OH 1,718,915 1,505,521 213,394 202,371 11,023 144 Lorain, OH 960,423 638,305 322,118 278,797 43,321

Source: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Navigation Data Center Note: Maritime tonnage only; data are in short tons.


14a. Freight Movement in the Cleveland CSA by Commodity, Direction

and Weight, 2015 The table below presents the movement of commodities by weight and direction with respect to the region. The Cleveland Combined Statistical Area (CSA) consists of the following counties: Ashtabula, Carroll, Cuyahoga, Erie, Geauga, Huron, Lake, Lorain, Medina, Portage, Stark, Summit and Tuscarawas. Outbound Inbound Intra-region Total

Commodity Weight (KTons)

Percent-age of

Outbound Total

Weight (KTons)

Percentage of

Inbound Total

Weight (KTons)

Percent-age of Intra-

region Total

Weight - Total

Movement (KTons)

% All Movement

Total

Gravel and crushed stone 21,739 14.9% 30,057 18.3% 19,702 24.9% 71,498 18.4%

Nonmetallic mineral products 24,383 16.8% 18,246 11.1% 15,480 19.5% 58,109 14.9%

Base metal in primary or semi-finished form 13,720 9.4% 12,645 7.7% 3,838 4.8% 30,204 7.8%

Coal and petroleum products (including natural gas)

10,257 7.1% 16,950 10.3% 2,611 3.3% 29,818 7.7%

Waste/scrap 9,339 6.4% 10,384 6.3% 5,744 7.2% 25,466 6.6%

Mixed freight 6,002 4.1% 6,986 4.3% 4,149 5.2% 17,137 4.4%

Natural sands 6,602 4.5% 5,148 3.1% 3,762 4.7% 15,512 4.0%

Other prepared foodstuffs 6,334 4.4% 5,862 3.6% 2,698 3.4% 14,894 3.8%

Gasoline and aviation turbine fuel 3,293 2.3% 4,932 3.0% 3,223 4.1% 11,448 2.9%

Nonmetallic minerals 4,784 3.3% 4,371 2.7% 2,272 2.9% 11,426 2.9%

Basic chemicals 3,562 2.4% 4,545 2.8% 2,112 2.7% 10,220 2.6%

Other agricultural products 4,249 2.9% 2,533 1.5% 1,391 1.8% 8,172 2.1%

Plastics/rubber 2,909 2.0% 4,136 2.5% 802 1.0% 7,847 2.0%

Metallic ores and concentrates 545 0.4% 6,372 3.9% 188 0.2% 7,105 1.8%

Printed products 2,285 1.6% 2,287 1.4% 2,073 2.6% 6,646 1.7%

Fuel oils 1,905 1.3% 2,486 1.5% 1,529 1.9% 5,920 1.5%

Motorized and other vehicles (including parts) 2,725 1.9% 2,057 1.3% 574 0.7% 5,355 1.4%

Machinery 2,213 1.5% 2,150 1.3% 896 1.1% 5,260 1.4%

Coal 657 0.5% 3,635 2.2% 263 0.3% 4,556 1.2%

Articles of base metal 2,487 1.7% 1,527 0.9% 290 0.4% 4,304 1.1%

Wood products 1,139 0.8% 2,272 1.4% 880 1.1% 4,291 1.1%

Table continued on the following page.


Table continued from the previous page.

Outbound Inbound Intra-region Total

Commodity Weight (KTons)

Percent-age of

Outbound Total

Weight (KTons)

Percent-age of

Inbound Total

Weight (KTons)

Percent-age of Intra-

region Total

Weight - Total

Movement (KTons)

% All Movement

Total

Chemical products and preparations 2,682 1.8% 1,193 0.7% 338 0.4% 4,214 1.1%

Milled grain and bakery products 1,333 0.9% 1,224 0.7% 624 0.8% 3,181 0.8%

Cereal grains 2,058 1.4% 506 0.3% 123 0.2% 2,686 0.7%

Newsprint/paper 1,110 0.8% 1,185 0.7% 291 0.4% 2,587 0.7%

Crude petroleum 310 0.2% 2,222 1.4% 1 0.0% 2,533 0.7%

Alcoholic beverages 733 0.5% 1,152 0.7% 637 0.8% 2,521 0.6%

Paper or paperboard articles 1,006 0.7% 915 0.6% 487 0.6% 2,408 0.6%

Furniture 818 0.6% 889 0.5% 459 0.6% 2,166 0.6%

Logs and other wood 688 0.5% 692 0.4% 675 0.9% 2,055 0.5%

Fertilizers 512 0.4% 848 0.5% 404 0.5% 1,764 0.5%

Animal feed and products of animal origin 901 0.6% 599 0.4% 164 0.2% 1,663 0.4%

Miscellaneous manufacturing products 688 0.5% 765 0.5% 100 0.1% 1,552 0.4%

Electronic and other electrical equipment 562 0.4% 770 0.5% 184 0.2% 1,517 0.4%

Meat, fish, seafood and their preparations 178 0.1% 471 0.3% 123 0.2% 771 0.2%

Textiles/leather 247 0.2% 442 0.3% 73 0.1% 763 0.2%

Live animals/fish 147 0.1% 129 0.1% 14 0.0% 290 0.1%

Pharmaceutical products 54 0.0% 200 0.1% 17 0.0% 270 0.1%

Transportation equipment 206 0.1% 48 0.0% 13 0.0% 266 0.1%

Monumental or building stone 55 0.0% 55 0.0% 52 0.1% 162 0.0%

Precision instruments 65 0.0% 72 0.0% 10 0.0% 147 0.0%

Tobacco products 4 0.0% 7 0.0% 3 0.0% 15 0.0%

Total 145,488 100% 163,964 100% 79,267 100% 388,720 100%



14b. Freight Movement in the Cleveland CSA by Commodity, Direction and Value, 2015

The table below presents the movement of commodities by value and direction with respect to the region. The Cleveland Combined Statistical Area (CSA) consists of the following counties: Ashtabula, Carroll, Cuyahoga, Erie, Geauga, Huron, Lake, Lorain, Medina, Portage, Stark, Summit and Tuscarawas.


Commodity Value ($M)

Percent-age of

Outbound Total

Value ($M)

Percent-age of

Inbound Total

Value ($M)

Percentage of Intra-

region Total

Value - Total

Movement ($M)

% All Move-ment Total

Electronic and other electrical equipment 25,835 13.7% 20,161 10.2% 3,330 6.8% 49,326 11.3%

Mixed freight 14,448 7.7% 17,044 8.6% 6,290 12.8% 37,782 8.7%

Machinery 17,629 9.3% 15,932 8.1% 4,089 8.3% 37,651 8.6%

Base metal in primary or semi-finished form 15,500 8.2% 14,925 7.6% 4,002 8.1% 34,427 7.9%

Motorized and other vehicles (including parts) 14,985 7.9% 12,695 6.4% 2,445 5.0% 30,125 6.9%

Plastics/rubber 11,281 6.0% 11,645 5.9% 2,564 5.2% 25,490 5.9%

Pharmaceutical products 2,559 1.4% 14,603 7.4% 241 0.5% 17,403 4.0%

Articles of base metal 9,342 5.0% 5,946 3.0% 1,214 2.5% 16,502 3.8%

Other prepared foodstuffs 6,826 3.6% 7,402 3.7% 2,091 4.3% 16,319 3.7%

Miscellaneous manufacturing products 7,088 3.8% 8,000 4.0% 1,042 2.1% 16,130 3.7%

Precision instruments 6,817 3.6% 6,958 3.5% 473 1.0% 14,247 3.3%

Chemical products and preparations 8,219 4.4% 4,859 2.5% 996 2.0% 14,074 3.2%

Basic chemicals 5,958 3.2% 5,250 2.7% 1,076 2.2% 12,285 2.8%

Coal and petroleum products (including natural gas)

4,089 2.2% 6,700 3.4% 1,066 2.2% 11,855 2.7%

Printed products 4,066 2.2% 4,136 2.1% 2,671 5.4% 10,873 2.5%

Gasoline and aviation turbine fuel 3,160 1.7% 4,524 2.3% 3,102 6.3% 10,787 2.5%

Furniture 4,155 2.2% 4,112 2.1% 1,923 3.9% 10,190 2.3%

Nonmetallic mineral products 3,859 2.0% 3,058 1.5% 1,320 2.7% 8,237 1.9%

Textiles/leather 2,076 1.1% 4,788 2.4% 342 0.7% 7,206 1.7%

Other agricultural products 2,662 1.4% 2,323 1.2% 1,079 2.2% 6,064 1.4%





Commodity Value ($M)

Percent-age of

Outbound Total

Value ($M)

Percent-age of

Inbound Total

Value ($M)

Percentage of Intra-

region Total

Value - Total

Movement ($M)


Waste/scrap 1,776 0.9% 3,297 1.7% 837 1.7% 5,910 1.4%

Transportation equipment 3,168 1.7% 2,086 1.1% 180 0.4% 5,435 1.2%

Fuel oils 1,461 0.8% 2,182 1.1% 1,379 2.8% 5,022 1.2%

Alcoholic beverages 1,345 0.7% 1,798 0.9% 1,148 2.3% 4,291 1.0%

Paper or paperboard articles 1,847 1.0% 1,616 0.8% 816 1.7% 4,278 1.0%

Milled grain and bakery products 1,654 0.9% 1,858 0.9% 649 1.3% 4,161 1.0%

Wood products 1,120 0.6% 1,577 0.8% 610 1.2% 3,307 0.8%

Meat, fish, seafood and their preparations 1,053 0.6% 1,683 0.9% 460 0.9% 3,196 0.7%

Newsprint/paper 1,266 0.7% 1,312 0.7% 419 0.9% 2,996 0.7%

Fertilizers 546 0.3% 693 0.4% 482 1.0% 1,720 0.4%

Crude petroleum 208 0.1% 1,489 0.8% 1 0.0% 1,697 0.4%

Animal feed and products of animal origin 506 0.3% 551 0.3% 55 0.1% 1,112 0.3%

Tobacco products 367 0.2% 403 0.2% 272 0.6% 1,042 0.2%

Nonmetallic minerals 433 0.2% 343 0.2% 145 0.3% 921 0.2%

Metallic ores and concentrates 184 0.1% 658 0.3% 46 0.1% 888 0.2%

Gravel and crushed stone 274 0.1% 280 0.1% 191 0.4% 745 0.2%

Live animals/fish 260 0.1% 362 0.2% 35 0.1% 657 0.2%

Cereal grains 442 0.2% 122 0.1% 28 0.1% 591 0.1%

Natural sands 93 0.0% 79 0.0% 34 0.1% 206 0.0%

Coal 42 0.0% 126 0.1% 12 0.0% 180 0.0%

Logs and other wood 28 0.0% 31 0.0% 20 0.0% 80 0.0%

Monumental or building stone 22 0.0% 18 0.0% 17 0.0% 57 0.0%

Total 188,651 100% 197,622 100% 49,191 100% 435,464 100%



14c. Freight Movement in the Cleveland CSA by Mode, Direction and

Weight, 2015 By weight, trucks remain the predominate mode for the movement of freight out of, into and within the Cleveland region. The Cleveland Combined Statistical Area (CSA) consists of the following counties: Ashtabula, Carroll, Cuyahoga, Erie, Geauga, Huron, Lake, Lorain, Medina, Portage, Stark, Summit and Tuscarawas. Outbound Inbound Intra-region Total

Mode Weight (KTons)

Percentage of

Outbound Total

Weight (KTons)

Percent-age of

Inbound Total

Weight (KTons)

Percent-age of Intra-region Total

Weight - Total

Movement (KTons)

% All Movement

Total

Truck 125,397 86.2% 114,317 69.7% 73,838 93.2% 313,552 80.7%

Pipeline 9,904 6.8% 17,412 10.6% 3,718 4.7% 31,034 8.0%

Water 3,436 2.4% 13,404 8.2% 333 0.4% 17,173 4.4%

Rail 2,962 2.0% 11,415 7.0% 647 0.8% 15,023 3.9%

Multiple modes & mail 3,555 2.4% 7,193 4.4% 724 0.9% 11,472 3.0%

Air (including truck-air) 206 0.1% 199 0.1% 0 0.0% 405 0.1%

Other and unknown 28 0.0% 24 0.0% 7 0.0% 60 0.0%

Total 145,488 100% 163,964 100% 79,267 100% 388,720 100%

Source: Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) Freight Analysis Framework 2015 (FAF4)


14d. Freight Movement the Cleveland CSA by Mode, Direction and Value, 2015

By value, trucks remain the predominate mode for the movement of freight out of, into and within the Cleveland region. The Cleveland Combined Statistical Area (CSA) consists of the following counties: Ashtabula, Carroll, Cuyahoga, Erie, Geauga, Huron, Lake, Lorain, Medina, Portage, Stark, Summit and Tuscarawas.


Mode Value ($M)

Percent-age of

Outbound Total

Value ($M)

Percent-age of

Inbound Total

Value ($M)

Percent-age of Intra-region Total

Value - Total Move-

ment ($M)


Truck 124,662 66.1%

131,378 66.5% 41,614 84.6% 297,654 68.4%

Multiple modes & mail

22,244 11.8%

22,642 11.5% 2,336 4.7% 47,222 10.8%

Air (including truck-air)

24,616 13.0%

20,513 10.4% 0 0.0% 45,129 10.4%

Pipeline 5,337 2.8%

8,653 4.4% 3,525 7.2% 17,515 4.0%

Water 6,703 3.6%

7,344 3.7% 1,382 2.8% 15,428 3.5%

Rail 4,399 2.3%

6,567 3.3% 290 0.6% 11,256 2.6%

Other and unknown 691 0.4%

524 0.3% 45 0.1% 1,260 0.3%

Total 188,651 100% 197,622 100% 49,191 100% 435,464 100%



15a. Transit Ridership: Annual Unlinked Passenger Trips by Agency, 2009-2014

There are six public transit agencies based in the NOACA region, one of which (Geauga County Transit) operates only demand-based service without fixed schedules or routes. Additionally, three other transit agencies provide regular service into Downtown Cleveland from outside the NOACA region.

Agency 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 % Change 2010-14

Agencies Based in the Five NOACA Counties Greater Cleveland Reg. Transit Authority (GCRTA) 42,419,301 46,210,832 48,234,103 49,206,289 49,245,884 16.1%

Laketran 688,517 712,568 756,358 726,166 728,029 5.7%

Medina County Public Transit (MCPT)1 104,789 101,751 111,304 99,841 64,829 -38.1%

Geauga County Transit 62,330 46,366 49,781 51,163 60,127 -3.5%

Lorain County Transit (LCT) 107,360 88,922 75,405 70,152 56,574 -47.3%

Brunswick Transit Alternative (BTA) 31,415 36,993 36,620 34,951 32,659 4.0%

Agencies based outside NOACA with Downtown Cleveland Service2 METRO Regional Transit Authority (METRO) 5,026,702 5,283,243 5,472,390 5,427,929 5,458,283 8.6%

Stark Area Regional Transit Authority (SARTA) 2,108,333 2,437,459 2,658,900 2,691,030 2,804,514 33.0%

Portage Area Regional Transportation Authority (PARTA)

1,529,327 1,568,086 1,532,275 1,547,281 1,534,213 0.3%

Regional Total 52,078,074 56,486,220 58,927,136 59,854,802 59,985,112 15.2%

Source: Federal Transit Administration National Transit Database, Lorain County Transit, Ohio Department of Transportation Transit Division, and Ohio Department of Transportation Status of Public Transit in Ohio (Report Years 2010 to 2014) Notes: 1 Excludes purchased transportation for Brunswick Transit Alternative. 2 Data are for full agency passengers, not only Cleveland destined/originating passengers. 15b. RTA Ridership: Annual Unlinked Passenger Trips by Mode,

2010-2014

Mode 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 % Change 2012-14

Bus 35,895,427 37,198,763 33,857,969 34,325,962 34,426,847 1.7%

Bus Rapid Transit (a) (a) 4,629,200 4,854,519 5,084,513 9.8%

Heavy Rail 3,657,501 5,687,891 6,240,495 6,423,366 6,203,837 -0.6%

Light Rail 2,315,662 2,745,106 2,856,379 2,897,940 2,779,158 -2.7%

Demand Response 550,711 579,072 650,060 704,502 751,529 15.6%

Total 42,419,301 46,210,832 48,234,103 49,206,289 49,245,884 2.1%

Source: Federal Transit Administration, National Transit Database Notes: (a) For 2009-2011, BRT data are included in the bus number.


15c. Top 30 Cities for Transit Ridership by Urbanized Area, 2013 Generally, there is a correlation between a community’s ranking for the number of unlinked passenger trips and its ranking for population of the urbanized area. For example, the rankings are the same or close for both categories for New York, Los Angeles and Cleveland. A few places, though, indicate a different level of transit usage. In Portland and Honolulu, the rankings for passenger trips far outrank the ranking for population. Conversely, in Dallas and Detroit, the rankings for population far outrank the rankings for transit trips.

Urbanized Area

Unlinked Passenger Trips Passenger Miles Population

(2010 Census)

Thousands Rank Thousands Rank Number Rank

New York-Newark, NY-NJ-CT 4,261,676.0 1 23,135,968.9 1 18,351,295 1 Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA 681,809.5 2 3,557,888.2 3 12,150,996 2

Chicago, IL-IN 647,522.4 3 4,239,202.7 2 8,608,208 3

Washington, DC-VA-MD 473,415.3 4 2,471,676.4 5 4,586,770 8

San Francisco-Oakland, CA 449,106.0 5 2,894,126.4 4 3,281,212 13

Boston, MA-NH-RI 403,734.1 6 1,877,928.5 6 4,181,019 10

Philadelphia, PA-NJ-DE-MD 381,279.7 7 1,807,729.0 7 5,441,567 5

Seattle, WA 201,432.6 8 1,361,709.9 8 3,059,393 14

Miami, FL 171,635.4 9 1,054,759.6 9 5,502,379 4

Atlanta, GA 138,696.3 10 843,493.7 11 4,515,419 9

Portland, OR-WA 111,621.6 11 508,338.9 16 1,849,898 24

Baltimore, MD 108,101.8 12 846,690.0 10 2,203,663 19

Denver-Aurora, CO 101,554.2 13 620,322.9 12 2,374,203 18

San Diego, CA 99,580.9 14 582,684.3 13 2,956,746 15

Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN-WI 95,087.7 15 473,517.4 17 2,650,890 16

Houston, TX 84,819.9 16 580,305.3 14 4,944,332 7 Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX 80,662.0 17 530,886.8 15 5,121,892 6

Phoenix-Mesa, AZ 76,771.9 18 371,725.9 18 3,629,114 12

Urban Honolulu, HI 70,243.9 19 371,360.1 19 802,459 54

Las Vegas-Henderson, NV 65,874.0 20 235,482.5 25 1,886,011 23

Pittsburgh, PA 65,461.6 21 281,469.9 22 1,733,853 27

San Juan, PR 55,649.5 22 237,486.1 24 2,148,346 21

Cleveland, OH 50,067.2 23 232,875.5 27 1,780,673 25

St. Louis, MO-IL 49,899.8 24 340,414.6 21 2,150,706 20

San Antonio, TX 46,963.2 25 225,233.3 28 1,758,210 26

Detroit, MI 44,810.9 26 267,104.8 23 3,734,090 11 Salt Lake City-W Valley City, UT 44,281.3 27 341,123.9 20 1,021,243 42

Milwaukee, WI 44,243.5 28 166,312.7 32 1,376,476 35

San Jose, CA 44,221.1 29 234,052.7 26 1,664,496 29

Austin, TX 36,418.9 30 166,953.9 31 1,362,416 37

Source: Data from the American Public Transportation Association 2015 Public Transportation Fact Book, based on transit agency data reported to the Federal Transit Administration FY 2013 National Transit Database


C. Safety 16a. Total Vehicular Crashes, 2010-2014 The data below represent the number of crashes that involved fatalities, injuries or property damage by year and geography. In general, the number of crashes has decreased over time. Between 2010 and 2014 the number of crashes decreased in all NOACA counties except Geauga.


2014

Change 2010 to

2014 Cuyahoga 31,122 31,985 29,302 28,601 29,157 1.9% -6.3%

Geauga 1,951 2,036 1,907 1,859 2,014 8.3% 3.2%

Lake 5,543 5,643 5,085 4,961 4,671 -5.8% -15.7%

Lorain 6,790 7,000 6,361 6,000 6,164 2.7% -9.2%

Medina 3,726 3,707 3,488 3,280 3,546 8.1% -4.8% NOACA Region Total 49,132 50,371 46,143 44,701 45,552 1.9% -7.3%

Ohio 300,160 297,831 287,078 269,078 282,368 4.9% -5.9%

NOACA region as a proportion of the state

16% 17% 16% 17% 16%

Source: Ohio Department of Public Safety Crash Statistics; Table 7.01 - County Statistics, Total Crashes by County 2010-2014

16b. Total Vehicular Crashes per Million Vehicle Miles Traveled, 2010-

2014 The data below represent the number of crashes that involved fatalities, injuries or property damage by year and geography, per million vehicle miles traveled in a particular geography. In general, the rate of crashes has decreased over time. Between 2010 and 2014 the rate decreased in three of the five NOACA counties.


2014

Change 2010 to

2014 Cuyahoga 1,074 1,106 1,023 991 1,011 2.1% -5.9%

Geauga 908 962 911 939 987 5.1% 8.7%

Lake 921 954 874 861 841 -2.4% -8.7%

Lorain 1,016 1,009 946 899 929 3.4% -8.6%

Medina 814 821 864 771 826 7.3% 1.6% NOACA Total 1,015 1,041 975 940 962 2.3% -5.2% Ohio 965 973 940 871 914 4.9% -5.3%

Source: Ohio Department of Public Safety Crash Statistics; Table 7.01 - County Statistics, Total Crashes by County 2010-2014 and Ohio Department of Transportation, Division of Planning, Office of Technical Services


17a. Fatal Vehicular Crashes, 2010-2014 The data below represent the number of crashes that involved fatalities. The actual number of fatalities is higher. Crashes classified as fatal could also include other injuries or property damage. In general, the number of fatal crashes has decreased over time. Between 2010 and 2014 the rate decreased in all NOACA counties except Geauga.


2014

Change 2010 to

2014 Cuyahoga 60 56 48 52 45 -13.5% -25.0%

Geauga 9 7 4 10 14 40.0% 55.6%

Lake 14 10 10 12 10 -16.7% -28.6%

Lorain 21 22 26 12 9 -25.0% -57.1%

Medina 18 14 9 2 14 600.0% -22.2% NOACA Region Total 122 109 97 88 92 4.5% -24.6%

Ohio 984 942 1,024 918 919 0.1% -6.6%


12% 12% 9% 10% 10%


17b. Fatal Vehicular Crashes per Million Vehicle Miles Traveled, 2010-

2014 The data below represents the number of crashes that involved fatalities per million vehicle miles traveled in a particular geography. The actual number of fatalities is higher. Crashes classified as fatal could also include other injuries or property damage. As a region, the rate of fatal crashes has decreased over time. Between 2010 and 2014 the rate decreased in all NOACA counties except Geauga. Overall, the region’s rate is significantly lower than that of the state.


2014

Change 2010 to

2014 Cuyahoga 2.1 1.9 1.7 1.8 1.6 -13.3% -24.6%

Geauga 4.2 3.3 1.9 5.1 6.9 35.8% 63.8%

Lake 2.3 1.7 1.7 2.1 1.8 -13.6% -22.7%

Lorain 3.1 3.2 3.9 1.8 1.4 -24.5% -56.8%

Medina 3.9 3.1 2.2 0.5 3.3 594.4% -17.0% NOACA Region Total 2.5 2.3 2.1 1.9 1.9 5.0% -22.9%

Ohio 3.2 3.1 3.4 3.0 3.0 0.1% -6.0%



18a. Vehicular Crashes Resulting in Injuries, 2010-2014 The data below represent the number of crashes that involved injuries (and no fatalities); the actual number of persons injured is higher. Crashes classified as injury could also include property damage. In general, the number of crashes that resulted in injuries has decreased over time. Between 2010 and 2014 the number has decreased in all NOACA counties except Geauga.


2014

Change 2010 to

2014 Cuyahoga 8,042 8,422 7,858 8,043 7,508 -6.7% -6.6%

Geauga 508 539 495 503 576 14.5% 13.4%

Lake 1,206 1,237 1,192 1,217 1,042 -14.4% -13.6%

Lorain 1,730 1,742 1,641 1,617 1,582 -2.2% -8.6%

Medina 880 882 843 795 843 6.0% -4.2% NOACA Region Total 12,366 12,822 12,029 12,175 11,551 -5.1% -6.6%

Ohio 74,426 73,771 72,099 69,104 69,917 1.2% -6.1%


17% 17% 17% 18% 17%


18b. Vehicular Crashes Resulting in Injuries per Million Vehicle Miles

Traveled, 2010-2014 The data below represent the number of crashes that involved injuries (and no fatalities) per million vehicle miles traveled in a particular geography. The actual rate of persons injured is higher. In general, the rate of crashes that resulted in injuries has decreased over time. The rate also decreased in three of the five NOACA counties between 2010 and 2014.


2014

Change 2010 to

2014 Cuyahoga 278 291 274 279 260 -6.5% -6.2%

Geauga 236 255 237 254 282 11.0% 19.4%

Lake 200 209 205 211 188 -11.2% -6.4%

Lorain 259 251 244 242 238 -1.5% -7.9%

Medina 192 195 209 187 196 5.2% 2.2% NOACA Total 256 265 254 256 244 -4.7% -4.5% Ohio 239 241 236 224 226 1.2% -5.4%



19a. Vehicular Crashes Resulting in Property Damage Only, 2010-2014 The data below represent the number of crashes that involved property damage only, with no reported injuries or fatalities. Though every county except Lake saw an increase in crashes that resulted in property damage between 2013 and 2014, all counties in the region witnessed a decrease in property-damage only crashes in the five years between 2010 and 2014.


2014

Change 2010 to

2014 Cuyahoga 23,020 23,507 21,396 20,506 21,604 5.4% -6.2%

Geauga 1,434 1,490 1,408 1,346 1,424 5.8% -0.7%

Lake 4,323 4,396 3,883 3,732 3,619 -3.0% -16.3%

Lorain 5,039 5,236 4,694 4,371 4,573 4.6% -9.2%

Medina 2,828 2,811 2,636 2,483 2,689 8.3% -4.9% NOACA Region Total 36,644 37,440 34,017 32,438 33,909 4.5% -7.5%

Ohio 224,750 223,118 213,955 199,056 211,532 6.3% -5.9%


16% 17% 16% 16% 16%


19b. Vehicular Crashes Resulting in Property Damage Only per Million

Vehicle Miles Traveled, 2010-2014 The data below represent the number of crashes that involved property damage only, with no reported injuries or fatalities, per million vehicle miles traveled in a particular geography. Though every county in NOACA saw an increased rate of crashes that resulted in property damage only between 2013 and 2014, three of the five counties in the region witnessed an overall decrease in the rate of property damage only crashes in the five years between 2010 and 2014.


2014

Change 2010 to

2014 Cuyahoga 795 813 747 710 749 5.5% -5.7%

Geauga 667 704 673 680 698 2.6% 4.6%

Lake 718 743 668 648 651 0.5% -9.3%

Lorain 754 754 698 655 689 5.3% -8.6%

Medina 618 623 653 583 627 7.4% 1.5% NOACA Region Total 757 774 719 682 716 5.0% -5.4%

Ohio 723 729 701 644 685 6.3% -5.3%



D. Residence-Workplace Analysis 20a. NOACA Region Residents: Where They Work, 2013

The top 25 communities where employed residents of the five-county region work.1

Rank Community (County) Count Share

1 Cleveland (Cuyahoga) 234,671 24.9% 2 Mentor (Lake) 25,464 2.7% 3 Parma (Cuyahoga) 21,755 2.3% 4 Elyria city (Lorain) 21,021 2.2% 5 Westlake (Cuyahoga) 20,605 2.2% 6 Solon (Cuyahoga) 17,694 1.9% 7 Strongsville (Cuyahoga) 16,401 1.7% 8 Middleburg Heights (Cuyahoga) 16,374 1.7% 9 Beachwood (Cuyahoga) 16,298 1.7% 10 Independence (Cuyahoga) 15,327 1.6% 11 Willoughby (Lake) 13,764 1.5% 12 Akron (Summit) 13,447 1.4% 13 Euclid (Cuyahoga) 13,383 1.4% 14 Mayfield Heights (Cuyahoga) 12,244 1.3% 15 Lorain (Lorain) 11,717 1.2% 16 Lakewood (Cuyahoga) 11,455 1.2% 17 North Olmsted (Cuyahoga) 11,442 1.2% 18 Brooklyn (Cuyahoga) 10,652 1.1% 19 Medina city (Medina) 9,616 1.0% 20 Garfield Heights (Cuyahoga) 8,222 0.9% 21 Brook Park (Cuyahoga) 8,101 0.9% 22 Mayfield (Cuyahoga) 8,052 0.9% 23 Cleveland Heights (Cuyahoga) 7,843 0.8% 24 Avon (Lorain) 7,737 0.8% 25 Valley View (Cuyahoga) 6,914 0.7% - All Other Locations2 383,943 40.7% - Total (all jobs) 944,142 100.0%

Source: NOACA analysis based on U.S. Census Bureau OnTheMap Application and LEHD Origin-Destination Employment Statistics (Beginning of Quarter Employment, 2nd Quarter 2013) and U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (2013) Notes: 1 The five-county region comprises the counties of Cuyahoga, Geauga, Lake, Lorain and Medina. 2 Includes 14,085 residents of the five-county region that have their work location reported as Columbus, Ohio. Such aberrations are a known limitation of the data. Communities with many company headquarter locations tend to be slightly overreported as workplaces. For example, employees who work for a company or organization that is headquartered in Columbus (such as the State of Ohio) might actually live in Cleveland and work at a regional or local office in the Cleveland area, but their workplace address is reported as the Columbus headquarters on their tax forms (from which the data is sourced).


20b. Workers in the Five-County Region: Where They Live, 2013

The top 25 communities where workers employed in the five-county region live.1


1 Cleveland (Cuyahoga) 161,730 12.6% 2 Parma (Cuyahoga) 44,050 3.4% 3 Lakewood (Cuyahoga) 28,770 2.2% 4 Mentor (Lake) 26,203 2.0% 5 Lorain (Lorain) 25,911 2.0% 6 Elyria city (Lorain) 25,095 2.0% 7 Strongsville (Cuyahoga) 24,091 1.9% 8 Euclid (Cuyahoga) 23,780 1.8% 9 Cleveland Heights (Cuyahoga) 22,151 1.7%

10 North Olmsted (Cuyahoga) 18,194 1.4% 11 North Royalton (Cuyahoga) 17,180 1.3% 12 Westlake (Cuyahoga) 16,961 1.3% 13 North Ridgeville (Lorain) 16,317 1.3% 14 Brunswick (Medina) 15,738 1.2% 15 Akron (Summit) 15,678 1.2% 16 Garfield Heights (Cuyahoga) 13,664 1.1% 17 Shaker Heights (Cuyahoga) 13,623 1.1% 18 Willoughby (Lake) 12,963 1.0% 19 South Euclid (Cuyahoga) 12,242 1.0% 20 Solon (Cuyahoga) 12,171 0.9% 21 Avon Lake (Lorain) 11,882 0.9% 22 Parma Heights (Cuyahoga) 10,923 0.8% 23 Brook Park (Cuyahoga) 10,842 0.8% 24 Maple Heights (Cuyahoga) 10,754 0.8% 25 Medina city (Medina) 10,513 0.8%

All Other Locations2 685,094 53.2% Total 1,286,520 100.0%

Source: NOACA analysis based on U.S. Census Bureau, OnTheMap Application and LEHD Origin-Destination Employment Statistics (Beginning of Quarter Employment, 2nd Quarter 2013) and Bureau of Economic Analysis Total Employment 2013 Notes: 1 The five-county Region comprises the counties of Cuyahoga, Geauga, Lake, Lorain and Medina. 2 Includes 11,883 workers in the five-county region who have their home location reported as Columbus, Ohio. Such

aberrations are a known limitation of the data. Communities with many company headquarter locations tend to be slightly overreported as workplaces. For example, employees who work for a company that is headquartered in Cleveland might actually live in Columbus and work at a regional office in the Columbus area, but their workplace address is reported as the Cleveland headquarters on their tax forms (from which the data is sourced).


21a. Cuyahoga County Residents: Where They Work, 2013

The top 25 communities where employed residents of Cuyahoga County work.


1 Cleveland (Cuyahoga) 208,057 33.6% 2 Parma (Cuyahoga) 19,720 3.2% 3 Solon (Cuyahoga) 14,271 2.3% 4 Westlake (Cuyahoga) 14,062 2.3% 5 Beachwood (Cuyahoga) 13,651 2.2% 6 Middleburg Heights (Cuyahoga) 13,140 2.1% 7 Independence (Cuyahoga) 12,654 2.0% 8 Strongsville (Cuyahoga) 11,977 1.9% 9 Lakewood (Cuyahoga) 10,343 1.7%

10 Euclid (Cuyahoga) 9,200 1.5% 11 Brooklyn (Cuyahoga) 9,075 1.5% 12 North Olmsted (Cuyahoga) 8,520 1.4% 13 Mayfield Heights (Cuyahoga) 8,293 1.3% 14 Garfield Heights (Cuyahoga) 7,528 1.2% 15 Cleveland Heights (Cuyahoga) 7,414 1.2% 16 Brook Park (Cuyahoga) 6,495 1.0% 17 Akron (Summit) 6,198 1.0% 18 Valley View (Cuyahoga) 5,910 1.0% 19 Shaker Heights (Cuyahoga) 5,755 0.9% 20 Mentor (Lake) 5,594 0.9% 21 Rocky River (Cuyahoga) 5,547 0.9% 22 Bedford Heights (Cuyahoga) 5,512 0.9% 23 Brecksville (Cuyahoga) 5,446 0.9% 24 Berea (Cuyahoga) 5,274 0.9% 25 Warrensville Heights (Cuyahoga) 4,965 0.8%

Remainder of Cuyahoga County 73,403 11.9% All Other Locations1 121,503 19.7% Total 619,506 100.0%

Source: NOACA analysis based on U.S. Census Bureau OnTheMap Application and LEHD Origin-Destination Employment Statistics (Beginning of Quarter Employment, 2nd Quarter 2013) and U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (2013) Note: 1 Includes 8,266 residents of Cuyahoga County who have their work location reported as Columbus, Ohio. Such aberrations are a known limitation of the data. Communities with many company headquarter locations tend to be slightly overreported as workplaces. For example, employees who work for a company or organization that is headquartered in Columbus (such as the state of Ohio) might actually live in Cleveland and work at a regional or local office in the Cleveland area, but their workplace address is reported as the Columbus headquarters on their tax forms (from which the data is sourced).


21b. Workers in Cuyahoga County: Where They Live, 2013

The top 25 communities where workers employed in Cuyahoga County live.


1 Cleveland (Cuyahoga) 145,891 16.1% 2 Parma (Cuyahoga) 39,732 4.4% 3 Lakewood (Cuyahoga) 25,467 2.8% 4 Strongsville (Cuyahoga) 20,625 2.3% 5 Cleveland Heights (Cuyahoga) 20,135 2.2% 6 Euclid (Cuyahoga) 19,195 2.1% 7 North Olmsted (Cuyahoga) 15,404 1.7% 8 North Royalton (Cuyahoga) 15,042 1.7% 9 Westlake (Cuyahoga) 14,390 1.6% 10 Shaker Heights (Cuyahoga) 12,547 1.4% 11 Garfield Heights (Cuyahoga) 12,536 1.4% 12 Akron (Summit) 11,001 1.2% 13 South Euclid (Cuyahoga) 10,656 1.2% 14 Solon (Cuyahoga) 10,586 1.2% 15 North Ridgeville (Lorain) 10,564 1.2% 16 Mentor (Lake) 10,315 1.1% 17 Maple Heights (Cuyahoga) 9,931 1.1% 18 Parma Heights (Cuyahoga) 9,799 1.1% 19 Brook Park (Cuyahoga) 9,561 1.1% 20 Brunswick (Medina) 9,452 1.0% 21 Broadview Heights (Cuyahoga) 9,208 1.0% 22 Rocky River (Cuyahoga) 8,842 1.0% 23 Fairview Park (Cuyahoga) 8,690 1.0% 24 Berea (Cuyahoga) 8,679 1.0% 25 Mayfield Heights (Cuyahoga) 8,660 1.0% Remainder of Cuyahoga County 111,605 12.4% All Other Locations1 307,858 34.1% Total 903,449 100.0%

Source: NOACA analysis based on U.S. Census Bureau, OnTheMap Application and LEHD Origin-Destination Employment Statistics (Beginning of Quarter Employment, 2nd Quarter 2013) and Bureau of Economic Analysis Total Employment 2013 Note: 1 Includes 10,104 workers in Cuyahoga County who have their home location reported as Columbus, Ohio. Such aberrations are a known limitation of the data. Communities with many company headquarter locations tend to be slightly overreported as workplaces. For example, employees who work for a company that is headquartered in Cleveland might actually live in Columbus and work at a regional office in the Columbus area, but their workplace address is reported as the Cleveland headquarters on their tax forms (from which the data is sourced).


22a. Geauga County Residents: Where They Work, 2013

The top 25 communities where employed residents of Geauga County work.


1 Cleveland (Cuyahoga) 5,696 11.8% 2 Mentor (Lake) 1,997 4.1% 3 Chardon city (Geauga) 1,941 4.0% 4 Solon (Cuyahoga) 1,728 3.6% 5 Bainbridge (Geauga) 1,681 3.5% 6 Mayfield Heights (Cuyahoga) 1,256 2.6% 7 Munson (Geauga) 1,225 2.5% 8 Chester (Geauga) 1,112 2.3% 9 Newbury (Geauga) 1,096 2.3% 10 Beachwood (Cuyahoga) 1,061 2.2% 11 Middlefield village (Geauga) 1,054 2.2% 12 Willoughby (Lake) 981 2.0% 13 Mayfield (Cuyahoga) 815 1.7% 14 Euclid (Cuyahoga) 771 1.6% 15 Chagrin Falls village (Cuyahoga) 581 1.2% 16 Concord (Lake) 532 1.1% 16 Burton township (Geauga) 532 1.1% 18 Highland Heights (Cuyahoga) 523 1.1% 19 Painesville city (Lake) 520 1.1% 20 Warrensville Heights (Cuyahoga) 495 1.0% 21 Auburn (Geauga) 499 1.0% 22 Wickliffe (Lake) 479 1.0% 23 Middlefield township (Geauga) 472 1.0% 24 Independence (Cuyahoga) 455 0.9% 25 Claridon (Geauga) 440 0.9% Remainder of Geauga County 2,275 4.7% All Other Locations1 18,032 37.4% Total 48,247 100.0%

Source: NOACA analysis based on U.S. Census Bureau OnTheMap Application and LEHD Origin-Destination Employment Statistics (Beginning of Quarter Employment, 2nd Quarter 2013) and U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (2013) Note: 1 Includes 737 residents of Geauga County who have their work location reported as Columbus, Ohio. Such aberrations are a known limitation of the data. Communities with many company headquarter locations tend to be slightly overreported as workplaces. For example, employees who work for a company or organization that is headquartered in Columbus (such as the state of Ohio) might actually live in Greater Cleveland and work at a regional or local office in the Cleveland area, but their workplace address is reported as the Columbus headquarters on their tax forms (from which the data is sourced).


22b. Workers in Geauga County: Where They Live, 2013

The top 25 communities where workers employed in Geauga County live.


1 Chester (Geauga) 1,510 2.9% 2 Newbury (Geauga) 1,481 2.9% 3 Bainbridge (Geauga) 1,444 2.8% 4 Cleveland (Cuyahoga) 1,420 2.7% 5 Auburn (Geauga) 1,358 2.6% 6 Munson (Geauga) 1,292 2.5% 7 Chardon city (Geauga) 1,279 2.5% 8 Middlefield township (Geauga) 1,220 2.4% 9 Mentor (Lake) 1,132 2.2% 10 Hambden (Geauga) 1,120 2.2% 11 Burton township (Geauga) 946 1.8% 12 Claridon (Geauga) 847 1.6% 13 Chardon township (Geauga) 818 1.6% 14 Middlefield village (Geauga) 816 1.6% 15 Russell (Geauga) 800 1.5% 16 Concord (Lake) 756 1.5% 17 Parkman (Geauga) 740 1.4% 18 Huntsburg (Geauga) 683 1.3% 19 Aurora city (Portage) 673 1.3% 20 Painesville Township (Lake) 626 1.2% 21 Troy (Geauga) 595 1.1% 22 Warren city (Trumbull) 563 1.1% 23 Willoughby (Lake) 557 1.1% 24 Solon (Cuyahoga) 528 1.0% 25 Painesville city (Lake) 516 1.0% Remainder of Geauga County 1,895 3.6% All Other Locations 26,272 50.6% Total 51,887 100.0%

Source: NOACA analysis based on U.S. Census Bureau, OnTheMap Application and LEHD Origin-Destination Employment Statistics (Beginning of Quarter Employment, 2nd Quarter 2013) and Bureau of Economic Analysis Total Employment 2013


23a. Lake County Residents: Where They Work, 2013

The top 25 communities where employed residents of Lake County work.


1 Mentor (Lake) 19,028 15.4% 2 Cleveland (Cuyahoga) 15,369 12.4% 3 Willoughby (Lake) 9,370 7.6% 4 Painesville city (Lake) 4,965 4.0% 5 Euclid (Cuyahoga) 3,937 3.2% 6 Concord (Lake) 3,335 2.7% 7 Wickliffe (Lake) 3,287 2.7% 8 Eastlake (Lake) 3,207 2.6% 9 Mayfield Heights (Cuyahoga) 3,038 2.5% 10 Mayfield (Cuyahoga) 2,779 2.2% 11 Painesville township (Lake) 2,753 2.2% 12 Beachwood (Cuyahoga) 2,166 1.8% 13 Solon (Cuyahoga) 2,071 1.7% 14 Highland Heights (Cuyahoga) 1,969 1.6% 15 Kirtland (Lake) 1,631 1.3% 16 Madison township (Lake) 1,511 1.2% 17 Chardon city (Geauga) 1,330 1.1% 18 Willowick (Lake) 1,153 0.9% 19 Perry township (Lake) 1,105 0.9% 20 Richmond Heights (Cuyahoga) 1,007 0.8% 21 Akron (Summit) 918 0.7% 22 Willoughby Hills (Lake) 880 0.7% 23 Warrensville Heights (Cuyahoga) 842 0.7% 24 Independence (Cuyahoga) 805 0.7% 25 South Euclid (Cuyahoga) 727 0.6% Remainder of Lake County 3,220 2.6% All Other Locations1 31,192 25.2% Total 123,596 100.0%

Source: NOACA analysis based on U.S. Census Bureau OnTheMap Application and LEHD Origin-Destination Employment Statistics (Beginning of Quarter Employment, 2nd Quarter 2013) and U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (2013) Note: 1 Includes 1,241 residents of Lake County who have their work location reported as Columbus, Ohio. Such aberrations are a known limitation of the data. Communities with many company headquarter locations tend to be slightly overreported as workplaces. For example, employees who work for a company or organization that is headquartered in Columbus (such as the State of Ohio) might actually live in Greater Cleveland and work at a regional or local office in the Cleveland area, but their workplace address is reported as the Columbus headquarters on their tax forms (from which the data is sourced).


23b. Workers in Lake County: Where They Live, 2013

The top 25 communities where workers employed in Lake County live.


1 Mentor (Lake) 14,383 12.0% 2 Painesville township (Lake) 6,105 5.1% 3 Willoughby (Lake) 5,814 4.9% 4 Concord (Lake) 5,660 4.7% 5 Painesville city (Lake) 5,356 4.5% 6 Eastlake (Lake) 5,295 4.4% 7 Cleveland (Cuyahoga) 4,625 3.9% 8 Madison township (Lake) 4,591 3.8% 9 Willowick (Lake) 3,568 3.0% 10 Euclid (Cuyahoga) 3,428 2.9% 11 Wickliffe (Lake) 2,872 2.4% 12 Mentor-on-the-Lake (Lake) 2,408 2.0% 13 Perry township (Lake) 2,391 2.0% 14 Kirtland (Lake) 1,608 1.3% 15 Willoughby Hills (Lake) 1,524 1.3% 16 Fairport Harbor (Lake) 1,169 1.0% 17 Leroy (Lake) 1,117 0.9% 18 Madison village (Lake) 1,106 0.9% 19 Ashtabula city (Ashtabula) 999 0.8% 20 Akron (Summit) 933 0.8% 21 Mayfield Heights (Cuyahoga) 918 0.8% 22 Chester (Geauga) 882 0.7% 23 Hambden (Geauga) 873 0.7% 24 South Euclid (Cuyahoga) 847 0.7% 25 Chardon township (Geauga) 846 0.7% Remainder of Lake County 1,605 1.3% All Other Locations1 38,490 32.2% Total 119,412 100.0%

Source: NOACA analysis based on U.S. Census Bureau, OnTheMap Application and LEHD Origin-Destination Employment Statistics (Beginning of Quarter Employment, 2nd Quarter 2013) and Bureau of Economic Analysis Total Employment 2013 Note: 1 Includes 816 workers in Lake County who have their home location reported as Columbus, Ohio. Such aberrations are a known limitation of the data. Communities with many company headquarter locations tend to be slightly overreported as workplaces. For example, employees who work for a company that is headquartered in Cleveland might actually live in Columbus and work at a regional office in the Columbus area, but their workplace address is reported as the Cleveland headquarters on their tax forms (from which the data is sourced).


24a. Lorain County Residents: Where They Work, 2013

The top 25 communities where employed residents of Lorain County work.


1 Cleveland (Cuyahoga) 18,944 12.4% 2 Elyria city (Lorain) 18,420 12.0% 3 Lorain (Lorain) 11,261 7.4% 4 Westlake (Cuyahoga) 7,091 4.6% 5 Avon (Lorain) 5,301 3.5% 6 Avon Lake (Lorain) 4,865 3.2% 7 North Ridgeville (Lorain) 4,096 2.7% 8 Amherst city (Lorain) 3,539 2.3% 9 Oberlin (Lorain) 3,486 2.3% 10 North Olmsted (Cuyahoga) 2,770 1.8% 11 Strongsville (Cuyahoga) 2,483 1.6% 12 Sheffield village (Lorain) 2,183 1.4% 13 Middleburg Heights (Cuyahoga) 2,059 1.3% 14 Independence (Cuyahoga) 1,811 1.2% 15 Wellington village (Lorain) 1,730 1.1% 16 Parma (Cuyahoga) 1,703 1.1% 17 Lakewood (Cuyahoga) 1,513 1.0% 18 Brook Park (Cuyahoga) 1,415 0.9% 19 Brooklyn (Cuyahoga) 1,332 0.9% 20 Grafton village (Lorain) 1,260 0.8% 21 Carlisle (Lorain) 1,237 0.8% 22 Rocky River (Cuyahoga) 1,236 0.8% 23 Elyria township (Lorain) 1,233 0.8% 24 Fairview Park (Cuyahoga) 1,141 0.7% 25 Berea (Cuyahoga) 1,138 0.7% Remainder of Lorain County 7,401 4.9% All Other Locations1 41,846 27.3% Total 153,050 100.0%

Source: NOACA analysis based on U.S. Census Bureau OnTheMap Application and LEHD Origin-Destination Employment Statistics (Beginning of Quarter Employment, 2nd Quarter 2013) and U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (2013) Note: 1 Includes 2,455 residents of Lorain County who have their work location reported as Columbus, Ohio. Such aberrations are a known limitation of the data. Communities with many company headquarter locations tend to be slightly overreported as workplaces. For example, employees who work for a company or organization that is headquartered in Columbus (such as the State of Ohio) might actually live in Cleveland and work at a regional or local office in the Cleveland area, but their workplace address is reported as the Columbus headquarters on their tax forms (from which the data is sourced).


24b. Workers in Lorain County: Where They Live, 2013

The top 25 communities where workers employed in Lorain County live.


1 Lorain (Lorain) 17,721 13.9% 2 Elyria city (Lorain) 16,421 12.9% 3 North Ridgeville (Lorain) 4,960 3.9% 4 Avon Lake (Lorain) 4,455 3.5% 5 Amherst city (Lorain) 4,448 3.5% 6 Cleveland (Cuyahoga) 3,770 3.0% 7 Avon (Lorain) 3,539 2.8% 8 Sheffield Lake (Lorain) 2,419 1.9% 9 Carlisle (Lorain) 2,287 1.8% 10 Amherst township (Lorain) 2,211 1.7% 11 Oberlin (Lorain) 2,199 1.7% 12 Vermilion city (Lorain/Erie) 1,991 1.6% 13 North Olmsted (Cuyahoga) 1,722 1.4% 14 Westlake (Cuyahoga) 1,654 1.3% 15 Wellington village (Lorain) 1,638 1.3% 16 Lakewood (Cuyahoga) 1,475 1.2% 17 LaGrange township (Lorain) 1,256 1.0% 18 Sheffield township (Lorain) 1,225 1.0% 19 Eaton (Lorain) 1,175 0.9% 20 Elyria township (Lorain) 1,111 0.9% 21 Parma (Cuyahoga) 1,081 0.8% 22 Sheffield village (Lorain) 1,069 0.8% 23 Grafton village (Lorain) 964 0.8% 24 Bay Village (Cuyahoga) 900 0.7% 25 Columbia (Lorain) 874 0.7% Remainder of Lorain County 7,156 5.6% All Other Locations1 37,587 29.5% Total 127,309 100.0%

Source: NOACA analysis based on U.S. Census Bureau, OnTheMap Application and LEHD Origin-Destination Employment Statistics (Beginning of Quarter Employment, 2nd Quarter 2013) and Bureau of Economic Analysis Total Employment 2013 Note: 1 Includes 765 workers in Lorain County who have their home location reported as Columbus, Ohio. Such aberrations are a known limitation of the data. Communities with many company headquarter locations tend to be slightly overreported as workplaces. For example, employees who work for a company that is headquartered in Cleveland might actually live in Columbus and work at a regional office in the Columbus area, but their workplace address is reported as the Cleveland headquarters on their tax forms (from which the data is sourced).


25a. Medina County Residents: Where They Work, 2013 The top 25 communities where employed residents of Medina County work.


1 Cleveland (Cuyahoga) 10,026 10.6% 2 Medina city (Medina) 8,122 8.6% 3 Akron (Summit) 6,120 6.5% 4 Brunswick (Medina) 4,001 4.2% 5 Wadsworth city (Medina) 3,560 3.8% 6 Strongsville (Cuyahoga) 3,052 3.2% 7 Medina township (Medina) 2,545 2.7% 8 Middleburg Heights (Cuyahoga) 2,259 2.4% 9 Parma (Cuyahoga) 1,646 1.7% 10 Liverpool (Medina) 1,569 1.7% 11 Westfield (Medina) 1,332 1.4% 12 Wooster city (Wayne) 1,166 1.2% 13 Independence (Cuyahoga) 1,140 1.2% 14 Fairlawn (Summit) 1,093 1.2% 15 Westlake (Cuyahoga) 1,056 1.1% 16 North Royalton (Cuyahoga) 1,026 1.1% 17 Cuyahoga Falls (Summit) 960 1.0% 18 Seville (Medina) 905 1.0% 19 Brecksville (Cuyahoga) 874 0.9% 20 Barberton (Summit) 851 0.9% 21 Elyria city (Lorain) 836 0.9% 22 Montville (Medina) 829 0.9% 23 Richfield village (Summit) 818 0.9% 23 North Olmsted (Cuyahoga) 818 0.9% 25 Sharon (Medina) 806 0.9% Remainder of Medina County 3,927 4.2% All Other Locations1 32,866 34.9% Total 94,205 100.0%

Source: NOACA analysis based on U.S. Census Bureau OnTheMap Application and LEHD Origin-Destination Employment Statistics (Beginning of Quarter Employment, 2nd Quarter 2013) and U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (2013) Note: 1 Includes 1,407 residents of Medina County who have their work location reported as Columbus, Ohio. Such aberrations are a known limitation of the data. Communities with many company headquarter locations tend to be slightly overreported as workplaces. For example, employees who work for a company or organization that is headquartered in Columbus (such as the State of Ohio) might actually live in Cleveland and work at a regional or local office in the Cleveland area, but their workplace address is reported as the Columbus headquarters on their tax forms (from which the data is sourced).


25b. Workers in Medina County: Where They Live, 2013

The top 25 communities where workers employed in Medina County live.


1 Medina city (Medina) 6,779 8.0% 2 Brunswick (Medina) 5,761 6.8% 3 Wadsworth city (Medina) 4,547 5.4% 4 Akron (Summit) 2,616 3.1% 5 Montville (Medina) 2,418 2.9% 6 Medina township (Medina) 1,910 2.3% 7 Cleveland (Cuyahoga) 1,881 2.2% 8 Strongsville (Cuyahoga) 1,619 1.9% 9 Lafayette (Medina) 1,587 1.9% 10 Brunswick Hills (Medina) 1,530 1.8% 11 Liverpool (Medina) 1,130 1.3% 12 Rittman (Wayne/Medina) 1,121 1.3% 13 Parma (Cuyahoga) 1,108 1.3% 14 Litchfield (Medina) 1,022 1.2% 15 Barberton (Summit) 1,015 1.2% 16 Sharon (Medina) 1,009 1.2% 17 Hinckley (Medina) 990 1.2% 18 Wadsworth township (Medina) 940 1.1% 19 Lodi (Medina) 919 1.1% 20 North Royalton (Cuyahoga) 917 1.1% 21 York (Medina) 891 1.1% 22 Guilford (Medina) 867 1.0% 23 Norton (Summit) 787 0.9% 24 Granger (Medina) 733 0.9% 25 Westfield (Medina) 684 0.8% Remainder of Medina County 3,491 4.2% All Other Locations1 36,192 42.8% Total 84,463 100.0%

Source: NOACA analysis based on U.S. Census Bureau, OnTheMap Application and LEHD Origin-Destination Employment Statistics (Beginning of Quarter Employment, 2nd Quarter 2013) and Bureau of Economic Analysis Total Employment 2013 Note: 1 Includes 737 workers in Medina County who have their home location reported as Columbus, Ohio. Such aberrations are a known limitation of the data. Communities with many company headquarter locations tend to be slightly overreported as workplaces. For example, employees who work for a company that is headquartered in Cleveland might actually live in Columbus and work at a regional office in the Columbus area, but their workplace address is reported as the Cleveland headquarters on their tax forms (from which the data is sourced).

Fact Book 2016 Section IV. Environment 69

Section IV. Environment 1. Air Quality Standards Attainment Status, 2015 U.S. EPA, in compliance with the Federal Clean Air Act, has established air quality standards, called the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS), for six criteria pollutants: carbon monoxide, lead, nitrogen dioxide, particulate matter (PM2.5), ozone and sulfur dioxide. These pollutants are considered harmful to public health and the environment. Currently, all eight counties in NOACA’s air quality planning area are in nonattainment for 8-hour ozone. In addition, Lake County is in nonattainment for sulfur dioxide, Cuyahoga and Lorain counties are in nonattainment of PM2.5, and a part of Cuyahoga County remains in nonattainment for lead. With regard to air quality, NOACA’s responsibilities as a designated areawide agency cover the five counties of NOACA, but NOACA’s Air Quality Planning Area comprises eight counties—the five NOACA counties, plus Ashtabula, Summit and Portage Counties.

Pollutant Recent Trend

Direction

Designated Attainment Status1 Major Contributing Sources Monitored Counties

Ozone (8-hour) Stable Marginal Nonattainment Automobiles, Industry, Utilities, Solvents,

Paints, Other Fossil Fueled Engines

Ashtabula, Cuyahoga, Geauga, Lake, Lorain, Medina, Portage, Summit

Particulate Matter10 (24-hour)

Stable Maintenance Automobiles, Trucks, Industry, Construction Sites, Tilled Fields, Unpaved Roads, Stone Crushing and Burning of Wood

Cuyahoga

Particulate Matter2.5 (24-hour)

Decreasing Maintenance Automobiles, Trucks, Industry, Construction Equipment, Ships, Trains, Road Salt, Dirt and Burning of Wood

Ashtabula, Cuyahoga, Geauga, Lake, Lorain, Medina, Portage, Summit

Particulate Matter2.5 (Annual)

Decreasing Nonattainment Automobiles, Trucks, Industry, Construction Equipment, Ships, Trains, Road Salt, Dirt and Burning of Wood

Cuyahoga, Lorain

Carbon Monoxide (1-hour)

Stable Maintenance Automobiles and Other Combustion Engines, Steel Mills, Other Combustion Sources

Cuyahoga, Lake, Summit

Carbon Monoxide (8-hour)

Stable Maintenance Automobiles and Other Combustion Engines, Steel Mills, Other Combustion Sources

Cuyahoga, Lake, Summit

Sulfur Dioxide (1-hour)

Decreasing Nonattainment Electric Utilities and Other Industrial Combustion Sources Lake

Nitrogen Dioxide Decreasing Unclassifiable/

Attainment

Motor Vehicles, Electric Utilities and Other Industrial, Commercial and Residential Combustion

Cuyahoga

Lead2 Stable Partial Nonattainment Metal Processing Plants Cuyahoga

Sources: NOACA Air Quality Trends and Attainment Status for Northeast Ohio: 2015 Update and Federal Register, Vol. 80, No. 100, May 26, 2015 Notes: 1 “Nonattainment” indicates a U.S. EPA designation that the counties (or portions thereof) do not meet the National

Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for that pollutant. “Attainment” indicates that the counties do meet the NAAQS and have never failed to do so. “Maintenance” indicates that a previous nonattainment designation was remedied, bringing the counties (or portions thereof) into attainment, but with the requirement for a plan that maintains air quality.

2 Effective July 27, 2015, the section of Cuyahoga County in nonattainment for lead standards, an area on the east side of Cleveland, was deemed by the U.S. EPA to have met the NAAQS, but EPA has not yet issued a formal redesignation to “maintenance.”

70 Section IV. Environment Fact Book 2016

2a. Ozone Monitoring Locations USEPA air quality monitors in Lake County exceed the National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) for ground-level ozone (see table in Section 3, below). Since ground-level ozone is readily transported throughout a region, U.S. EPA classifies the entire NOACA regional airshed as the ground-level ozone nonattainment area. Ozone levels are monitored at 12 locations throughout the eight counties as shown on the map below. Ohio’s ozone monitoring season has 214 days, from April 1 to October 31 each year.1

Source: NOACA Air Quality Trends and Attainment Status for Northeast Ohio: 2015 Update Note: 1 In its 2015 ozone rule, U.S. EPA added March to Ohio’s ozone monitoring season, effective January 1, 2017.


2b. 3-Year Averages for 4th Highest 8-Hour Ozone Readings in

Northeast Ohio, 2001-2014

U.S. EPA uses the three-year averages of the fourth highest values of the 8-hour daily maximum readings of ozone to make its nonattainment designations. Therefore, it is more important to consider the trend in three-year averages than the numbers for any single year. In the period shown below, all counties have reduced their ozone levels.1 The ozone NAAQS are as follows:

• 8-hour NAAQS of 85 ppb for 1997-2007 • 8-hour NAAQS of 75 ppb for 2008-2014

2002-

2004 2003-2005

2004-2006

2005-2007

2006-2008

2007-2009

2008-2010

2009-2011

2010-2012

2011-2013

2012-2014

Ashtabula 94 91 86 90 84 80 77 78 79 75 72

Cuyahoga 88 81 79 79 79 77 75 75 80 78 75

Geauga 95 86 77 75 73 72 77 73 71 73 70

Lake 91 89 86 84 78 75 76 77 83 80 78

Lorain 86 80 74 76 73 72 70 69 75 71 69

Medina 84 83 80 77 72 70 70 68 72 69 67

Portage 89 88 81 82 74 72 68 67 71 67 64

Summit 89 85 81 85 82 80 75 74 74 68 62

Source: NOACA Air Quality Trends and Attainment Status for Northeast Ohio: 2015 Update Note: 1 The monitor with the highest average in the county was used for each three-year period. The concentrations are

the truncated, not rounded, values (e.g., 87.7 is listed as 87, not 88).


3. Annual PM2.5 Rolling 3-Year Averages (highest monitor in each

county each year) for Northeast Ohio, 2001-2014 Particulate matter (PM) is the term applied to both solid and liquid droplets suspended in the atmosphere. It can be emitted directly from a source (primary) or result from chemical reactions in the atmosphere (secondary). Inhalation of these particles can irritate one’s nose, throat and lung tissues. This irritation can create or worsen existing respiratory problems and even cause premature death (in the case of fine particles). U.S. EPA has focused on smaller particles in setting standards. This focus stems from the fact that, the smaller the particle, the deeper it can be inhaled into the respiratory system and become lodged there. A subscript number generally follows references to PM. This number is the largest diameter of the particles covered by the standard or discussion. Thus, PM2.5 refers to particles less than or equal to 2.5 micrometers in diameter, while PM10 refers to particles less than or equal to 10 micrometers in diameter. The term "fine particulate" is also used in reference to PM2.5. PM10 is one-seventh the diameter of a human hair, while PM2.5 is just 1/28 of that diameter. In the period from 2001 to 2014, all counties were monitored for PM2.5, and the data show a clear downward trend over the decade-plus, most likely due to new controls on coal-fired power plants; cleaner fuels, such as low-sulfur diesel and E85; and alternative vehicle technologies, including vehicle retrofits, repowers, replacements and anti-idling mechanisms. The current standard for annual NAAQS is at 12 µg/m3. Prior to 2012 the standard was 15 µg/m3.

Source: NOACA Air Quality Trends and Attainment Status for Northeast Ohio: 2015 Update

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

Conc

entr

atio

n µg

/m3

Year

Cuyahoga

Lake

Lorain

Medina

Portage

Summit


4. Sulfur Dioxide Attainment/Nonattainment, 2006-2014 Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is released primarily by the combustion of fuels that contain sulfur as a contaminant. Its primary impacts on people are similar to the impacts of ozone. It irritates lung tissue and can exacerbate preexisting respiratory and cardiovascular ailments. In addition, it is a contributor to acid rain. Acid rain deteriorates man-made structures, damages plants and can alter pH sufficiently to destroy ecosystems. It is also a primary component in the atmospheric reactions that generate PM2.5. Coal and diesel fuel are contributors to sulfur dioxide concentrations. U.S. EPA has eliminated sulfur from diesel fuel on a phased-in basis. Of SO2 emissions in Northeast Ohio, 88.5% come from power plants, whereas nationally, 71.4% of SO2 emissions come from electricity generation. The graph below depicts the maximum three-year average of the 99th percentile of the Daily Max 1-Hour Average of sulfur dioxide concentration. Levels have fallen over the past decade or so in the NOACA region, but Lake County remains well above the 75 ppb NAAQS.

Source: NOACA Air Quality Trends and Attainment Status for Northeast Ohio: 2015 Update

0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

200

2006-2008 2007-2009 2008-2010 2009-2011 2010-2012 2011-2013 2012-2014

Conc

entr

atio

n (p

pb)

Year

Ashtabula

Cuyahoga

Lake

Summit


5. Highest 3-Month Average Lead Concentrations in Cuyahoga County, 2000-2014

Lead (Pb) exists in its elemental form in the atmosphere and, in Northeast Ohio, in the ground where particles from leaded gasoline and lead-based paint have settled. Lead accumulates in the body and can damage kidneys, liver, the nervous system and other organs. The highest three-month average lead concentration in 2013 occurred during March, April and May. In 2014, there was a decrease in concentrations, and the highest three-month average level occurred during June, July and August. The 2014 lead concentrations were below the NAAQS levels. The long-term trend is expected to be constant or below the standard. In 2015, the U.S. EPA acknowledged that Cleveland met the NAAQS, but the agency did not issue a formal redesignation to maintenance. The July 27, 2015, Federal Register states, “The Cleveland …. area[s] remain[s] designated nonattainment for the 2008 Pb NAAQS until such time as EPA determines that the areas meet the [Clean Air Act] requirements for redesignation to attainment and takes action to redesignate the area.”

Source: NOACA Air Quality Trends and Attainment Status for Northeast Ohio: 2015 Update 6. Coastline and Public Access, 2007 The three NOACA counties along the southern shore of Lake Erie have 91 miles of coastline, of which 16% is publicly accessible.

Miles of Coastline

Miles of Publicly

Accessible Coastline

% of Coastline Publicly

Accessible

Cuyahoga 35.2 6.2 17.6%

Lake 32.4 5.8 17.9%

Lorain 23.3 2.3 9.9%

TOTAL 90.9 14.3 15.7%

Source: Ohio Department of Natural Resources, 2007 Ohio Coastal Atlas

0.20.15

0.12

0.36

0.14 0.150.1

0.160.2

0.129

0.53

0.41

0.03

0.1

0.04

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

High

est A

vera

ge C

once

ntra

tion

(µg/

m3)

Year


7a. Water Quality for Aquatic Life, 2012 - Map Ohio EPA assesses all subwatersheds in the state for water quality for aquatic life use attainment. The map below depicts the status of each sub-watershed—green for attainment and light red for nonattainment. The grey lines represent the boundaries of each subwatershed while the blue lines represent the boundaries of each watershed. All watersheds below are present in NOACA’s five-county area, although some watersheds extend beyond the NOACA boundary. The table on the following page identifies each subwatershed in nonattainment indicated on the map below.

Source: Map based on data from Ohio EPA’s Ohio Integrated Water Quality Monitoring and Assessment Report, 2014 Note: (1) TMDL = Total Maximum Daily Load. A TMDL is a written, quantitative assessment of water quality problems in a waterbody and contributing sources of pollution. Established under Section 303(d) of the Clean Water Act, the TMDL program focuses on identifying and restoring polluted rivers, streams, lakes and other surface waterbodies. Areas in red on the map above that indicate that a TMDL is not needed means that the subwatershed already has a TMDL program in place.


7b. Water Quality in Nonattainment for Aquatic Life, 2012 Ohio EPA assesses all subwatersheds in the state for aquatic life use attainment. The table below lists each subwatershed in nonattainment, as depicted in red on the map on the preceding page. All watersheds below are present in NOACA’s five-county area, although some watersheds extend beyond the NOACA boundary.

Watershed Subwatershed Acres Sq. Miles County

Black River East Fork of East Branch Black River 9,069.2 14.2 Medina

Black River Headwaters West Fork East Branch Black River 27,783.1 43.4 Medina, Ashland

Black River Coon Creek-East Branch Black River 24,515.3 38.3 Medina, Lorain

Black River Salt Creek-East Branch Black River 21,718.1 33.9 Medina, Lorain

Black River Willow Creek 14,452.5 22.6 Lorain, Medina

Black River Jackson Ditch-East Branch Black River 21,524.9 33.6 Lorain, Medina

Black River Charlemont Creek 16,692.2 26.1 Lorain, Ashland

Black River Upper West Branch Black River 25,685.8 40.1 Lorain, Huron, Ashland

Black River Wellington Creek 18,950.8 29.6 Lorain, Ashland

Black River Middle West Branch Black River 16,433.9 25.7 Lorain

Black River Plum Creek 8,841.3 13.8 Lorain

Black River Lower West Branch Black River 25,076.6 39.2 Lorain

Chagrin River McFarland Creek-Aurora Branch 13,067.4 20.4 Geauga, Cuyahoga

Chagrin River Beaver Creek-Chagrin River 30,386.8 47.5 Geauga, Cuyahoga

Chagrin River East Branch Chagrin River 32,852.6 51.3 Lake, Geauga

Chagrin River Griswold Creek-Chagrin River 48,985.3 76.5 Cuyahoga, Geauga, Lake

Chagrin River Town of Willoughby-Chagrin River 11,500.5 18.0 Lake

Cuyahoga River East Branch Reservoir-East Branch Cuyahoga River 11,888.1 18.6 Geauga

Cuyahoga River West Branch Cuyahoga River 23,026.5 36.0 Geauga

Cuyahoga River Tare Creek-Cuyahoga River 14,670.6 22.9 Geauga

Cuyahoga River Ladue Reservoir-Bridge Creek 24,827.6 38.8 Geauga

Cuyahoga River Sawyer Brook-Cuyahoga River 13,082.4 20.4 Geauga

Cuyahoga River Potter Creek-Breakneck Creek 21,874.5 34.2 Portage

Cuyahoga River Feeder Canal-Breakneck Creek 28,827.6 45.0 Portage

Cuyahoga River Lake Rockwell-Cuyahoga River 39,252.8 61.3 Portage

Cuyahoga River Mogadore Reservoir-Little Cuyahoga River 8,264.2 12.9 Portage

Cuyahoga River Wingfoot Lake outlet-Little Cuyahoga River 19,706.0 30.8 Portage

Cuyahoga River City of Akron-Little Cuyahoga River 12,580.8 19.7 Summit, Portage

Cuyahoga River Fish Creek-Cuyahoga River 22,660.3 35.4 Summit, Portage

Cuyahoga River Mud Brook 19,054.7 29.8 Summit

Cuyahoga River Yellow Creek 19,973.8 31.2 Summit, Cuyahoga




Watershed Subwatershed Acres Sq. Miles County

Cuyahoga River Furnace Run 12,990.1 20.3 Summit, Cuyahoga

Cuyahoga River Brandywine Creek 17,321.1 27.1 Summit

Cuyahoga River Boston Run-Cuyahoga River 29,721.6 46.4 Summit

Cuyahoga River Headwaters Chippewa Creek 11,407.5 17.8 Cuyahoga

Cuyahoga River Willow Lake-Cuyahoga River 15,504.8 24.2 Cuyahoga, Summit

Cuyahoga River Mill Creek 12,326.9 19.3 Cuyahoga

Cuyahoga River Village of Independence-Cuyahoga River 10,860.1 17.0 Cuyahoga

Cuyahoga River Big Creek 23,916.7 37.4 Cuyahoga

Cuyahoga River Cuyahoga Heights-Cuyahoga River 12,212.2 19.1 Cuyahoga

Grand River Headwaters Grand River 21,251.3 33.2 Geauga, partial

Grand River Phelps Creek 18,789.0 29.4 Geauga, partial

Grand River Hoskins Creek 17,198.5 26.9 Geauga, partial

Grand River Mill Creek-Grand River 22,917.6 35.8 Geauga, partial

Grand River Mud Creek 13,486.7 21.1 Geauga, partial

Grand River Bronson Creek-Grand River 23,109.6 36.1 Lake, partial

Grand River Paine Creek 18,451.3 28.8 Lake, Geauga

Grand River Big Creek 32,270.9 50.4 Lake, Geauga

Grand River Red Creek-Grand River 16,831.5 26.3 Lake

Grand River Mill Creek-Grand River 22,917.6 35.8 Geauga, partial

Grand River Mud Creek 13,486.7 21.1 Geauga, partial

Grand River Bronson Creek-Grand River 23,109.6 36.1 Geauga, partial

Grand River Paine Creek 18,451.3 28.8 Lake, Geauga

Grand River Big Creek 32,270.9 50.4 Lake

Grand River Red Creek-Grand River 16,831.5 26.3 Lake

Lake Erie Nearshore Cahoon Creek-Frontal Lake Erie 24,595.0 38.4 Cuyahoga, Lorain

Lake Erie Nearshore Heider Ditch-Frontal Lake Erie 16,831.4 26.3 Lorain

Lake Erie Nearshore Mouth Beaver Creek 16,280.7 25.4 Lorain

Lake Erie Nearshore Arcola Creek 15,058.9 23.5 Lake

Lake Erie Nearshore McKinley Creek-Frontal Lake Erie 18,990.5 29.7 Lake

Lake Erie Nearshore Headwaters Aurora Branch 23,996.8 37.5 Geauga, partial

Rocky River Plum Creek 8,236.8 12.9 Medina

Rocky River North Branch West Branch Rocky River 16,043.2 25.1 Medina

Rocky River Headwaters West Branch Rocky River 14,709.1 23.0 Medina

Rocky River Mallet Creek 11,542.7 18.0 Medina

Rocky River City of Medina-West Branch Rocky River 16,879.4 26.4 Medina

Rocky River Cossett Creek-West Branch Rocky River 26,520.2 41.4 Medina

Rocky River Headwaters East Branch Rocky River 25,956.0 40.6 Medina, Cuyahoga, Summit

Source: Ohio EPA: Ohio Integrated Water Quality Monitoring and Assessment Report, 2014


8a. Facility Planning Areas, 2015 Facility planning for wastewater infrastructure is the evaluation of existing and future wastewater infrastructure needs for a community or service area. In the NOACA region, there are 48 facility planning areas (FPAs). The data below are only for the five-county NOACA region; some FPAs cross into counties outside the NOACA region, and the data elements below do not take into account these outside areas, rather only the service area of the FPA within the NOACA region.

FPA Name 2015 Area (Sq. Miles)

2010 Population

2010 Employment

2011 Parcels

Amherst 7.2 12,260 5,213 6,432 Avon Lake 17.0 25,969 15,110 14,873 Avon Lake/LORCO1 Phase I 20.8 3,917 1,863 2,172 Bedford 4.7 11,515 6,765 4,511 Bedford Heights 7.4 12,109 13,441 3,912 Burton 1.0 1,450 1,152 604 Chagrin Falls 2.7 4,509 2,442 1,900 Chardon 4.6 5,085 7,811 2,518 Creston 0.2 88 16 44 Elyria 42.7 63,701 34,558 30,281 Euclid 25.0 87,212 32,417 34,297 French Creek 49.4 51,349 16,601 27,658 Geauga County 399.3 84,129 32,474 45,825 Grafton 5.6 7,840 2,432 2,090 Greater Mentor 60.2 85,547 52,767 42,116 Heatherstone 17.4 7,467 961 3,559 LaGrange 1.7 1,796 1,052 941 Lake County Madison 76.9 25,430 9,678 13,609 Lakewood 5.6 51,865 15,166 14,433 Lodi 8.9 3,282 2,308 1,703 Lorain 67.5 86,739 28,200 47,378 Lorain County 245.6 24,909 5,520 15,604 Madison Village 5.2 3,161 1,112 1,694 Medina County 376.8 145,041 57,488 66,987 Middlefield 3.3 2,747 6,015 1,342 NEORSD2 - Big Creek 17.0 78,593 39,115 32,436 NEORSD2 - CVI 59.6 54,171 73,826 23,327 NEORSD2 - Easterly 31.4 163,111 226,806 61,713 NEORSD2 - Heights Hilltop 52.3 167,950 98,396 61,111 NEORSD2 - Mill Creek 26.3 95,719 57,310 41,593 NEORSD2 - Southerly 13.3 53,828 24,944 26,210 NEORSD2 - Southwest 85.9 221,015 123,513 84,539 NEORSD2 - Westerly 17.2 103,639 47,476 36,747 North Olmsted 19.1 55,254 23,696 19,247 North Royalton 17.9 25,328 7,403 7,779 Oberlin 10.5 8,958 6,264 3,713 Painesville 11.5 22,798 10,384 9,025 Rittman 2.3 375 80 211 Rocky River 25.1 68,487 40,843 23,275 Seville 4.3 2,418 3,224 1,486 Solon 20.2 23,049 29,305 9,249 Spencer 1.0 745 56 409 Strongsville 11.2 17,744 9,704 6,039 Vermilion 12.9 6,578 1,479 5,346 Wadsworth 32.3 26,707 14,503 11,983 Wellington 8.4 5,266 2,838 2,686 Westfield Center 2.1 1,108 2,125 706 Willoughby-Eastlake 24.9 45,644 28,168 21,295

Source: NOACA March 2015 FPA boundaries, Census 2010, QCEW 2010 (ODOT Expanded) and County Auditor/Fiscal Office departments 2011 of the five NOACA counties. All data in the table estimated using GIS analysis. Notes: FPA Boundaries as of September 2015 1 LORCO = Lorain County Rural Wastewater District 2 NEORSD = Northeast Ohio Regional Sewer District


8b. Publicly Owned Treatment Works, 2015 A publicly owned treatment works (POTW) is a sewage treatment plant that is owned by the city, county, state or other public entity. This includes any devices or systems used in the storage, treatment, recycling and reclamation of sewage or liquid industrial wastes. A POTW also includes the sewers, pipes and other conveyances that convey wastewater to a POTW. In the NOACA region there are 45 POTWs with a cumulative average design flow of 476 million gallons per day (MDG). MGD = Million Gallons per Day WWTP = Wastewater Treatment Plant

Treatment Works Name County Operator Average Design Flow

(MGD) Receiving Waterbody

Combined Sewer

Overflows

Southerly Wastewater Treatment Center Cuyahoga NEORSD 125 Cuyahoga River Yes

Easterly Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) Cuyahoga NEORSD 94 Lake Erie Yes

Westerly Water Pollution Control Center Cuyahoga NEORSD 29 Lake Erie Yes

Euclid WWTP Cuyahoga Euclid 22 Lake Erie Yes

Rocky River WWTP Cuyahoga Rocky River 22 Lake Erie No

Lakewood WWTP Cuyahoga Lakewood 18 Lake Erie Yes

Bedford Heights WWTP Cuyahoga Bedford Heights 7.5 Hawthorn Creek – Tinkers Creek No

North Olmsted WWTP Cuyahoga North Olmsted 7 Rocky River No

Solon Water Reclamation Facility Cuyahoga Solon 5.8 Beaver Run – Tinkers Creek No

North Royalton “A” WWTP Cuyahoga North Royalton 3.3 Tributary – East Branch Rocky River No

Bedford WWTP Cuyahoga Bedford 3.2 Wood Creek – Tinkers Creek No

Strongsville “B” WWTP Cuyahoga Strongsville 2.1 E. Branch Rocky River No

Strongsville “C” WWTP Cuyahoga Strongsville 1.8 Baldwin Creek No

North Royalton “B” WWTP Cuyahoga North Royalton 1 Baldwin Creek No

Vermilion Water Pollution Control Facility Erie Vermilion 2.5 Vermilion River No

Chardon WWTP Geauga Chardon 1.8 Big Creek No

McFarland WWTP Geauga Geauga County 1.8 Aurora Branch – Chagrin River No

Middlefield WWTP Geauga Middlefield 1 Tributary – Tara Creek No

Burton WWTP Geauga Burton 0.27 East Branch – Cuyahoga River No

Gary L Kron Water Reclamation Facility Lake Lake

County 20 Lake Erie No

Willoughby – Eastlake Water Pollution Control Center

Lake Willoughby 9.5 Lake Erie No

Table continued on following page


Table continued from previous page

MGD = Million Gallons per Day WWTP = Wastewater Treatment Plant

Treatment Works Name County Operator Average Design Flow

(MGD) Receiving Waterbody

Combined Sewer

Overflows

Painesville Water Pollution Control Center Lake Painesville 6 Grand River No

Lake County Madison WWTP Lake Lake

County 3 Lake Erie No

Madison WWTP Lake Madison 0.5 Arcola Creek No

Heatherstone WWTP Lake Lake County 0.4 Grand River No

Black River WWTP Lorain City of Lorain 15 Black River No

Elyria WWTP Lorain Elyria 13 Black River Yes

French Creek WWTP Lorain North Ridgeville 11.25 French Creek No

Avon Lake Water Pollution Control Center Lorain Avon Lake 6.5 Lake Erie Yes

Philip Q Maiorana WWTP Lorain City of Lorain 5.4 Lake Erie No

Amherst Water Pollution Control Center Lorain Amherst 3.5 Beaver Creek No

Grafton WWTP Lorain Grafton 1.5 East Branch – Black River No

Oberlin Water Environmental Protection Facility

Lorain Oberlin 1.5 Plum Creek – West Branch Rocky River No

Wellington WWTP Lorain Wellington 0.75 East Fork – Charlemone Creek No

LaGrange WWTP Lorain LaGrange 0.363 Kellner Ditch No

Number 500 Liverpool WWTP Medina Medina

County 15.6 Tributary – West Branch Rocky River No

Wadsworth WWTP Medina Wadsworth 5 River Styx – Chippewa Creek No

Number 300 Hinckley WWTP Medina Medina

County 3.25 East Branch Rocky River No

Number 700 Chippewa Lake WWTP Medina Medina

County 0.87 Buck Creek No

Lodi WWTP Medina Lodi 0.8 East Fork - East Branch of the Black River No

Westfield WWTP Medina Westfield 0.64 Camel Creek No

Seville WWTP Medina Seville 0.5 Chippewa Creek No

Spencer WWTP Medina Spencer 0.09 Spencer Creek No

Rittman WWTP Wayne Rittman 1.6 River Styx – Chippewa Creek No

Source: The Ohio Environmental Protection Agency Division of Surface Water

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