NIIH Examination Date Notice

The NIIH Examination Date has been finalised for 19th March 2019.

The examination will be conducted in Mumbai. The Hall tickets will be

released by next week.

Please Note that the exam related schedule and rules are under control of NIIH and they preserve

the rights to change/modify the same as per circumstances faced.

National Institute of Immunohaematology Syllabus Document

Post Name - Technical Assistant

Syllabus: Life Science/ Microbiology/Immunology/ Biotechnology/ Biochemistry:

Immunology (20 Questions)

Emphasis on principal and uses/application ,Immunity –Basic principles and classification, Antigen,

Antibody (Immunoglobulin’s), Complement system, Antigen – Antibody reactions, Hypersensitivity-

classification & different skin tests used for diagnosis., Immunodeficiency diseases including AIDS –in

brief, Autoimmunity – Basic concept, Immuno-prophylaxis & Immunization schedule, Vaccines-

classification & uses.

General Characters of viruses, Classification in brief and name of the diseases they produce.,

Hepatitis viruses, HIV, (Polio, Rabies, Rata, Measles, Dengue) - Oncogenic viruses in brief, Collection

and transport of virological specimens - Laboratory diagnosis of viral infections (various methods of

virus culture, serology etc.)

Widal test and preparation of Salmonella antigens, VDRI Test, Latest agglutination tests for (RA, CRP,

ASO, Pregnancy Test, Australia Antigen, Toxoplasmosis) ELISA test RIA Test, Get diffusion techniques

and ,Immuno electro phoresis, Detection of Antigen / Antibody for Malarial (ICT), Optimal Test,

Assay of immunoglobulins

Biotechnology (20 Questions)

1. Bioinformatics: Introduction to Bioinformatics, Scope of bioinformatics, bioinformatics and the internet, useful bioinformatics and sites on the www, data explosion, sequencing DNA,RNA and proteins

2. Centrifugation: Principle of centrifugation. Rotor design and selection. Preparative centrifugation - differential, rate-zonal, isopycnic, equilibrium isodensity centrifugation with applications. Density gradient centrifugation – nature of gradient, formation, sample

3. Application and collection. Column Chromatography: Principle, working and applications of GC, affinity, ion exchange, gel permeation, HPLC

4. Details of enzymes involved in gene cloning and their mode of action: Restriction endonucleases - types, nomenclature, target sites, nature of cut ends, host control restriction and modification, star activity, isoschizomers, application of RE

5. Application of recombinant DNA technology: Diagnosis of genetic diseases – Sickle cell anaemia; Gene therapy – somatic and germ line gene therapy, Commercial products – insulin

6. Mutation Terminology: alleles, homozygous, heterozygous, genotype, phenotype, Somatic mutation, Germline mutation, Gene mutation, Chromosome mutation,

7. Types of mutations: Point mutation, reverse mutation, suppressor mutation, frameshift mutation, conditional lethal mutation, base pair substitution, transition, transversion, missense mutation, nonsense mutation, silent mutation, neutral mutation, pleiotropic mutations.

8. Transcription - mechanism of RNA transcription: Initiation, elongation and termination; processing of t RNA, r RNA, mRNA (prokaryotes and eukaryotes)- concept of split genes, reverse transcription. Role of Inhibitor- Rifampicin , Actinomycin D

9. Translation (protein biosynthesis)– Genetic code, mechanism of translation: Activation of amino acids, chain initiation, elongation & termination: Post translational modifications of proteins

Biochemistry (20 Questions)

Fundamentals of analytical bio-chemistry and instrumentation. 1. Clinical enzymology – Diagnostic enzymes, Iso-zymes. 2. Fundamentals of Analytical Bio-chemistry & Instrumentation - Analytical balance - Centrifuges - Colorimeter and spectrophotometer - Flame photometer - Auto analyzers - Chromatography - Electrophoresis Chromatography Principle, Technique and Applications of the following kinds of chromatography :

Partition chromatography ( Paper), Adsorption Chromatography (TLC and column); Ion exchange

chromatography and Gel filtration Principles of GLC, HPLC, Affinity chromatography

1. pH and BufferspH meter and Glass electrode

2. Blood related diseases Iron deficiency anemia. Sickle cell anemia. Thalassemia

3. Amino acid and protein metabolism

4. Electrophoresis -Principle ; Factors affecting the rate of migration of sample in an electric field Supporting media – paper, cellulose acetate, agar, agarose and polyacrylamide Discontinuous electrophoresis – Native PAGE Applications of electrophoresis - Separation of proteins and Nucleic acids with one staining method for each; molecular weight determination

Life Science (20 Questions) 1. Carbohydrates - Catabolism 1. Glycolysis – process and metabolic regulation 2. Citric Acid Cycle –

a) Process and regulation. b) Importance as a central amphibolic pathway unifying all primary biological processes.

2. Leukocytes: Total count, differential count and variation in number, types of leukocytes and function, Differential count, Leucopoiesis and Leukemia. Blood coagulation and lymph: Formation of blood platlets (Thrombopoiesis), clotting mechanism, Bleeding and clotting time, anticoagulants, failure of clotting mechanism.

3. Hybridoma technology: Somatic cell fusion, somatic cell genetics, production & applications of monoclonal antibodies

4. DNA finger printing: PCR, Southern blotting, RFLP; application in forensic sciences, parenthood testing etc.

5. Normal human karyotype: Karyotype preperation& banding techniques, band numbering scheme, human genome sequencing & human genome project.

Microbiology (20 Questions)

History of Microbiology, Microbes and their classification , Study of different , microscopes,

Morphology of bacteria, Motional requirements of bacteria, Preparation and uses of culture media,

Culture methods and identification of bacteria Sterilization and Disinfection

Post Name – Technician C

Syllabus: Life Science/ Microbiology/Immunology/ Biotechnology/ Biochemistry:

Immunology (20 Questions)

Immunity –Basic principles and classification, Antigen, Antibody (Immunoglobulin’s), Complement

system,

General Characters of viruses, Classification in brief and name of the diseases they produce.,

Hepatitis viruses, HIV, (Polio, Rabies, Rata, Measles, Dengue) - Oncogenic viruses in brief, Collection

and transport of virological specimens - Laboratory diagnosis of viral infections (various methods of

virus culture, serology etc.)

Widal test and preparation of Salmonella antigens, VDRI Test, Latest agglutination tests for (RA, CRP,

ASO, Pregnancy Test, Australia Antigen, Toxoplasmosis) ELISA test RIA Test, Get diffusion techniques

and Immuno electro phoresis, Detection of Antigen / Antibody for Malarial (ICT), Optimal Test, Assay

of immunoglobulins

Biotechnology (20 Questions)

1. Mutation Terminology: alleles, homozygous, heterozygous, genotype, phenotype, Somatic mutation, Germline mutation, Gene mutation, Chromosome mutation,

2. Types of mutations: Point mutation, reverse mutation, suppressor mutation, frameshift mutation, conditional lethal mutation, base pair substitution, transition, transversion, missense mutation, nonsense mutation, silent mutation, neutral mutation, pleiotropic mutations.

Biochemistry (20 Questions)

Collection of blood sample and anticoagulants., Red Cell Counts, Haemocytometer and procedure

for R.B.C. Count., RBC diluting Fluid , Calculation , Write Cell Count, Procedure for W.B.C count , WBC

diluting fluid , Calculation , Differential white cell count. , Morphology of write cell, Normal values,

Romanosky Stains , Counting methods , Absolute Eosinophil Count Direct/Indirect smear

examination., ESR, Westergren’s, Wintrobe’s, Factors affecting ESR, Importance and Limitation ,

Normal value and interpretation. , Packed Cell Volume (Haematocrit), Macro and Micro method

,Interpretation., Haemoglobin estimation , Colorimetric method ,Sahali’s method,

Cyanmethaemoglobin method. , Interpretation of result , Red Cell Indices, Calculation and

importance of Reticulocyte count., Method-Interpretation ,Sickle Cell Preparation , Osmotic fragility

test- Interpretation ,Estimation of G-6-PD, Principle of Electrophoresis. , Preparation of bone marrow

aspiration and trephine biopsy.,Coagulation test: , Bleeding time , Whole blood coagulation time ,

Clot retraction test , Prothrombin time , Platelet count, Comments on peripheral smear., LE Cell

Phenomenon.

Leukocytes: Total count, differential count and variation in number, types of leukocytes and

function, Differential count, Leucopoiesis and Leukemia. Blood coagulation and lymph: Formation of

blood platlets (Thrombopoiesis), clotting mechanism, Bleeding and clotting time, anticoagulants,

failure of clotting mechanism

Instrumentation - Analytical balance - Centrifuges - Colorimeter and spectrophotometer - Flame photometer - Auto analyzers - Chromatography – Electrophoresis

Life Science (20 Questions)

Human blood group antigens, ABO blood group system and incompatibility, Rh blood group system

and incompatibility , Technique of grouping and cross matching , Collection of blood, Storage of

blood, Operation and Administration of Blood Bank and anticoagulants.

Chemistry of Carbohydrates ,Fat ,Amino acid , Water & Fat soluble Vitamin, Plasma protein.

Enzymes, Buffers, Molarily, indicators, Radioisotopes, Radiation hazard, RSA. Overview of Iron,

Calcium, Iodine, Flourine.. Overview of Nucleic Acids

Microbiology (20 Questions)

History of Microbiology, Microbes and their classification , Study of different , microscopes,

Morphology of bacteria, Motional requirements of bacteria, Preparation and uses of culture media,

Culture methods and identification of bacteria Sterilization and Disinfection

Post Name – Scientist C (Non-Medical)

Syllabus:

A) Specific Immunohematology topics-

1) Biochemistry and physiology of blood elements (8 Questions)

1. Red cells – Hemoglobin structure & function, Metabolic pathways , Membrane structure &

function, red cell antigens 2. White cells -Structure, function & kinetics, white cell antigens

3. Platelets - Structure, function & kinetics, platelet antigens

4. Physiology of Hemostasis - Role of platelets, Coagulation pathways ,Fibrinolysis 5. Hemo-dynamics of blood flow & volume

6. Iron metabolism

7. Bilirubin metabolism

2) Genetics (8 Questions)

1. Principles of basic genetics with regard to Mendelian Laws of Inheritance 2. Phenotype / genotype and population genetics

3. Genetics of blood groups , Principles of blood group inheritance

3) Transfusion medicine (10 Questions)

1. Blood components - Components Types , Indications, Leucodepletion

2. Storage of blood & components 3. Compatibility testing, Bombay blood group

4. Blood group systems

5. Screening for transfusion transmitted infections 6. Blood substitutes and hemopoietic agents

4) Hematology (18 Questions)

1. Hereditary anemia - Thalassemia , Sickle cell anemia , Enzymopathy , Others

2. Pathophysiology, diagnosis and management of hemostatic disorders –Hemophilia, Von

Willebrand disease , Platelet disorders ,Qualitative disorders ,Quantitative disorders, DIC/TTP/HIT , Acquired disorders , Others

5) Immunology (18 Questions)

1. Antigens and Antibodies: Properties of antigen, adjuvant, epitopes. Basic structure classes &

sub- classes of antibodies with their biological activity, complement, antigenic determinants on immunoglobulins.

2. Basic & cellular immunology : Types of immunity & immune response, Mechanisms of acute

inflammation, lymphoid organism structure and classes antibodies, antigen and antibody

reactions, complement system, histocompatibility antigens (MHC) and their role in antigen presentation & cytotoxicity, cell adhesion molecules & their role in immunity

3. Hypersensitivity reactions

4. Autoimmunity 5. History of Microbiology, Microbes and their classification , Study of different , microscopes,

Morphology of bacteria, Motional requirements of bacteria, Preparation and uses of culture

media, Culture methods and identification of bacteria Sterilization and Disinfection

6) Molecular Biology (10 Questions)

1. DNA/RNA structure, transcription, translation, genomics, proteomics,stem cells 2. Sequencing Techniques, Basic Principles and Instrumentation, working and applications of- •

Purification of Proteins/ Enzymes • Protein Sequencing Techniques • DNA Sequencing

Techniques • RNA Sequencing Techniques • Blotting Techniques: Southern, northern,

western, south‐western blot 3. Cytogenetic techniques: Banding, karyotyping, in‐situ hybridization, image analysis. 4. Immunological methods: Antibody production (poly/monoclonal) ELISA, immunodiffusion,

immune-electrophoresis, radioimmunoassay, immunohistochemistry. 5. Basic principles and applications of plant and animal tissues culture.

7) Biotechnology (9 Questions)

1. Bioinformatics: Introduction to Bioinformatics, Scope of bioinformatics,

bioinformatics and the internet, useful bioinformatics and sites on the www, data

explosion, sequencing DNA,RNA and proteins

2. Centrifugation: Principle of centrifugation. Rotor design and selection. Preparative

centrifugation - differential, rate-zonal, isopycnic, equilibrium isodensity

centrifugation with applications. Density gradient centrifugation – nature of gradient,

formation, sample

3. application and collection. Column Chromatography: Principle, working and

applications of GC, affinity, ion exchange, gel permeation, HPLC

4. Details of enzymes involved in gene cloning and their mode of action: Restriction

endonucleases - types, nomenclature, target sites, nature of cut ends, host control

restriction and modification, star activity, isoschizomers, application of RE

5. Application of recombinant DNA technology: Diagnosis of genetic diseases – Sickle

cell anaemia; Gene therapy – somatic and germ line gene therapy, Commercial

products – insulin

6. Mutation Terminology: alleles, homozygous, heterozygous, genotype, phenotype,

Somatic mutation, Germline mutation, Gene mutation, Chromosome mutation,

7. Types of mutations: Point mutation, reverse mutation, suppressor mutation, frameshift

mutation, conditional lethal mutation, base pair substitution, transition, transversion,

missense mutation, nonsense mutation, silent mutation, neutral mutation, pleiotropic

mutations.

8. Transcription - mechanism of RNA transcription: Initiation, elongation and

termination; processing of t RNA , r RNA, mRNA (prokaryotes and eukaryotes)-

concept of split genes, reverse transcription. Role of Inhibitor- Rifampicin ,

Actinomycin D

9. Translation (protein biosynthesis)– Genetic code, mechanism of translation:

Activation of amino acids, chain initiation, elongation & termination: Post

translational modifications of proteins

8) Bioinformatics (9 Questions)

Drug Discovery Concepts

Identification of disease gene.

Genetics of drug metabolism therapeutic targets.

Interaction of molecules and gene based drug target.

NGS Sequencing & Bioinformatics approaches

Advance biological databases and tools: DNA microarray: Understanding of microarray

data, normalizing microarray data, detecting differential gene expression, co-relation of

gene expression data to biological processes and computational analysis tools.

Sequencing, Sanger sequencing, Next generation sequencing (NGS), Applications of

NGS: Whole Genome Sequencing, RNA-Seq, Exome Seq, Targeted Seq, Metagenomics,

Amplicon Sequencing, Sequencing platforms and its principles: Roche 454, Ion Torrent,

Illumina, PacBio.

Assembly types: Gene Ontology

Tools: BLAST, Polyphen, SNPEff

Post Name – Scientist C (Medical)

Syllabus:

Specific Immunohematology topics-

1) Biochemistry and physiology of blood elements (8 Questions)

1. Red cells – Hemoglobin structure & function, Metabolic pathways , Membrane structure &

function, red cell antigens

2. White cells -Structure, function & kinetics, white cell antigens 3. Platelets - Structure, function & kinetics, platelet antigens

4. Physiology of Hemostasis - Role of platelets, Coagulation pathways ,Fibrinolysis

5. Hemo-dynamics of blood flow & volume 6. Iron metabolism

7. Bilirubin metabolism

2) Transfusion medicine (10 Questions)

1. Acceptability criteria of blood donor

2. Blood components - Components Types , Indications, dosage & administration ,

Leucodepletion 3. Storage of blood & components

4. Compatibility testing, Bombay blood group

5. Blood group systems 6. Screening for transfusion transmitted infections

7. Prions, CJ disease , Lyme disease

8. Adverse effects of blood transfusion - Clinical presentation, pathophysiology, investigations, management , Hemolytic transfusion reaction , Non-Hemolytic transfusion reaction , Allergic,

anaphylactoid and anaphylactic reactions ,Alloimmunization to various elements of blood,

Transfusion associated graft versus host disease, Therapeutic apheresis

9. Blood substitutes and hemopoietic agents

3) Genetics (5 Questions)

1. Principles of basic genetics with regard to Mendelian Laws of Inheritance 2. Phenotype / genotype and population genetics

3. Genetics of blood groups , Principles of blood group inheritance

4) Molecular Biology (10 Questions)

1. DNA/RNA structure, transcription, translation, genomics, proteomics, stem cells 2. Sequencing Techniques, Basic Principles and Instrumentation, working and applications of- •

Purification of Proteins/ Enzymes • Protein Sequencing Techniques • DNA Sequencing

Techniques • RNA Sequencing Techniques • Blotting Techniques: Southern, northern,

western, south‐western blot 3. Cytogenetic techniques: Banding, karyotyping, in‐situ hybridization, image analysis. 4. Immunological methods: Antibody production (poly/monoclonal) ELISA, immunodiffusion,

immune-electrophoresis, radioimmunoassay, immunohistochemistry.

5) Hematology (18 Questions)

3. Hereditary anemia - Thalassemia , Sickle cell anemia , Enzymopathy , Others 4. Pathophysiology, diagnosis and management of hemostatic disorders –Hemophilia, Von

Willebrand disease , Platelet disorders ,Qualitative disorders ,Quantitative disorders,

DIC/TTP/HIT , Acquired disorders , Others

6) Immunology (18 Questions)

1. Antigens and Antibodies: Properties of antigen, adjuvant, epitopes. Basic structure classes &

sub- classes of antibodies with their biological activity, complement, antigenic determinants

on immunoglobulins.

2. Basic & cellular immunology : Types of immunity & immune response, Mechanisms of acute inflammation, lymphoid organism structure and classes antibodies, antigen and antibody

reactions, complement system, histocompatibility antigens (MHC) and their role in antigen

presentation & cytotoxicity, cell adhesion molecules & their role in immunity 3. Hypersensitivity reactions

4. Autoimmunity

5. Immunology of transplantation

6. Immune hemolyticanemia, Immune thrombocytopenia , Immune neutropenia 7. Immunodeficiency diseases a) Primary Immunodeficiency b) Defects in the Complement

System c) Treatment Approaches for Immunodeficiency d) Animal Models of Primary

Immunodeficiency e) Secondary Immunodeficiency & AIDS

7) Epidemiology (8 Questions)

1. Principles of Epidemiology and Epidemiological Methods

2. Epidemiology of hematological disorders

3. Health programmes related to hematological disorders in India

4. Genetics and health

5. Basic medical statistics

8) MBBS general topics (13 Questions)

1) Microbiology-Microbes and their classification , Morphology of bacteria, Motional

requirements of bacteria, uses of culture media, Culture methods , Sterilization and

Disinfection

2) General pathology of hematological and thrombotic disorders

3) General pathology of infectious diseases including Hepatitis B ,C and HIV

Post Name – Scientist B (Bioinformatics)

Syllabus:

1. Fundamentals of Bioinformatics (18 Questions))

Bioinformatics: an introduction, introduction about available computational tools and

databases on bioinformatics sites, biological literature information access, storage and

retrieval.

Bioinformatics Resources: pair wise sequence alignment and multiple sequence

alignments

Database similarity searches: BLAST, FASTA, PSI-BLAST algorithms

Primary Sequence & Structure Databases: Genbank, SwissProt/Uniprot, EMBL, PIR,

PDB, MMDB, NDB, CSD, KEGG.

Derived (Secondary) Databases of Sequences and Structure: Prosite, PRODOM,

PRINTS, Pfam, BLOCK, INTERPRO, SSOP, CATH, DSSP, FSSP, RNAbase.

Genome Databases: At NCBI, EBI, TIGR, SANGER, High-throughput genomics.

Sequences (EST, STS, GSS), ENSEMBL

Structure Analysis: Prediction of secondary structure: STRIDE, PHD, PSI-PRED.

Tertiary structure prediction: Homology modeling, Threading approaches, Ab-initio

methods.

Anatomy of Proteins: Ramachandran plot, Protein structure Motif, Domains, Folds,

principal of protein folding.

2. Basics of Computers (18 Questions)

Computers: types of computers, input process output cycle, input/output devices inside

the CPU, (Motherboard, Processor, Ram, Rom) storage devices, s/w and type of s/w,

introduction to windows and working with spreadsheet, presentation tools.

Operating System: Introduction to windows, files and folders, windows explorer, ms

office, linux/unix

Basics of Networking: LAN-MAN-WAN, Network Components, Internet, Web

Browsers, E-Mails, WWW.

Linux Commands and Filters

General Commands: ls, clear, man, date, cal, echo, cat.

File and Directory Commands: mv, rm, cp, pwd, mkdir, file comparision commands,

cuting and pasting.

Advance Commands: head, tail, wc, bc, tee, uname, sudo, ispell, sort, merge, uniq, tr,

granting previllages.

Filters: pipe, grep, sed, awk.

Shell Scripts: shell, bash, essentials - command line arguments, using arguments in Shell

scripts.

Controls Structures: if-elif-else-fi, case-esac, for loop, while loop.

Python Programming/Perl Programming

Python Programming

Getting started with Python: Installing Python. Types and variables, strings and numbers,

Operators

Control Structures: Conditional constructs and Loops, User Input

Collections: List and Tuples.

File Handling: File input output in python.

Regular expression: Pattern matching, Meta symbols, Pattern modifiers.

Functions and Packages: User Defined Functions, Parameter passing.

Error Handling in Python

Perl Programming

Introduction to Perl, Use of Perl in Bioinformatics, History, Availability Support and

Basic Concepts

Scalar Data: Number, String, Scalar Operators, Scalar Variables, Scalar Operators,

Functions,

Control Structure: Conditions and loops

Arrays and List Data: Basic Concepts, Assigning Values To An Array, Accessing Array

Elements, Array Functions, Command Line Arguments

Hashes: What is Hash? Why use Hash? Hash element access, Modifying Hashes , The

hash as whole, Hash Assignment, Hash function

Subroutine: Defining and invoking a user function (subroutine),Return values,

Arguments, Private variables in subroutines, The local operator, The difference between

local and my

Basic I/O: Introduction, File handles, Input from standard input, Input from the diamond

operator, The invocation arguments, Output to standard output, File Operators.

Directory Access: Moving around the directory tree, Globbing, An alternate syntax for

globbing, Directory handles, Skipping some files with dirhandles

Manipulating Files and Directories: Removing a file, Renaming a file, Creating a link to a

file,

Making and removing directories, Modifying permissions and ownership, Changing

timestamps

Regular Expressions: Use of regular expression, Using simple patterns, Matching

operators

Substitution and transliterate, Metacharacters

3. Data Base Management System (DBMS) and PL SQL (18 Questions)

Introduction: Types of DBMS, DBMS Architecture.

DBMS: Introduction to database management systems, database design using e/r

diagrams and normalization, forms of normalization.

Using a DBMS: creating a database, dropping a database, database properties.

Tables: Creating a table, altering a table, table Constraints and Keys.

SQL Commands: select command, dml commands (insert-update-delete), and nested

queries.

Fundamentals of Biostatistics

Probability: basic concepts, bayes’s theorem. probability distribution: binomial, poisson,

normal distributions with application in biostatistics

Measures of Central Tendency and Dispersion: mean, median, mode, variance, standard

deviation, quartile deviation.

Sampling Distributions: concepts, sampling distributions of sample mean and

proportions.

Hypothesis: Z and t Distributions, F test. Chi Square Test: Goodness of fit, Independence

of Attributes.

Correlation and Regression: Introduction to bivariate and multivariate regression using

computer softwares, analysis of variance: one way classification using computer

softwares, introduction to MS Excel.

4. Advance Bioinformatics (18 Questions)

Drug Discovery Concepts

Computer aided molecule modeling and drug discovery: In silico drug designing.

Identification of disease gene.

Genetics of drug metabolism therapeutic targets.

Interaction of molecules and gene based drug target.

Drug Design Techniques and Molecular Modeling

Design of ligands for known macromolecules.

Ligand based computational approaches: QSAR and Pharmacophore methods.

Molecular modeling and simulations: Concept of molecular simulation, Simulation

techniques, application with molecular docking.

NGS Sequencing & Bioinformatics approaches

Advance biological databases and tools: DNA microarray: Understanding of microarray

data, normalizing microarray data, detecting differential gene expression, co-relation of

gene expression data to biological processes and computational analysis tools.

Sequencing, Sanger sequencing, Next generation sequencing (NGS), Applications of

NGS: Whole Genome Sequencing, RNA-Seq, Exome Seq, Targeted Seq, Metagenomics,

Amplicon Sequencing, Sequencing platforms and its principles: Roche 454, Ion Torrent,

Illumina, PacBio.

Quality filtering: Phred Score, length filtering, PrinSeq tool, Trimmomatic, host specific

screening, reference guided mapping, homology search

Assembly types: de novo assembly, reference assembly, N50 contig, Kmer size, Gene

Ontology, Promoter prediction

Tools: FASTQC, Quast, SPAdes, SOAP, Trinity, CLC Genomics Workbench, BLAST,

BWA, Bowtie, Cufflinks, TopHat, Samtools, Bedtools, VarScan, Genome Analysis

ToolKit, Polyphen, SNPEff, Integrative Genomics Viewer

5. Biotechnology (Molecular Biology), Phylogeny (18 Questions)

Molecular Biology and rDNA Technology:

Structure and organization of Nucleic acids; Replication of DNA, Transcription of DNA,

genetic code, translation of RNA, control of gene expression; Principles of gene cloning and

genetic engineering; Applications of rDNA technology; Protein Purification and

Characterization

Phylogeny

Phylogeny: Distance methods (UPGMA, Neighbour joining, felestein), Distance models

(Juke Cantor model, Kimura, Feleistein), Character methods (Max. Likelihood, Max

parsimony).

Algorithms and Techniques: Algorithm and sums of all the distance method to calculate

the genetic distance, Tree evaluation techniques. Application of phylogenesis