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NIGHT VISION IN CARSFAR INFRARED AND NEAR INFRARED SYSTEMS

SUBMITTED BY:- PRAVEEN KUMAR YADAV B.E. MECHANICAL

GUIDED BY:- MR. G. C. JADHAV

2INTRODUCTION:-

There is about 42% less traffic during night but about 60% of major accidents take place during night.

The reasons for this include overtiredness and alcohol but the driver’s limited visual range is a main cause.

The lighting range of 60 to 120 m is a compromise between what is technically feasible or legally admissible and avoidance of dazzling of oncoming traffic.

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To improve visibility ultraviolet light have been discussed recently. However, series production never started because efficiency is poor and UV-fluorescent marks are needed in road traffic.

More promising is the approach to detect infrared light, for which process passive systems based on the heat emitted by all bodies and active systems with additional near-infrared illumination of the scene are used.

The main safety benefit of night-vision systems is to increase the driver's range of vision when using low-beam headlights and emphasize the presence of animals, pedestrians, cyclists and other vulnerable road users.

4 System Components

No. Explanation 1 Night vision control unit 2 controller display 3 controller 4 Instrument Cluster 5 Button in light switch centre 6 Night vision camera

5NIGHT VISION:-

6NEAR INFRARED SYSTEM

NIR systems use a near-infrared source to shine light with a wavelength of around 800 nm at the object and then detect the reflected illumination.

NIR technology and produces an even, clear picture in the dark. This system is similar to night-vision goggles soldiers use.

NIR system can see warmer living things just as clear as it can spot colder, dead animals or non-living objects.

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NIR system has a maximum effective range of less than 600 feet (183 meters).

NIR system doesn't handle fog well.

The image quality is crisper on the NIR system.

NIR systems cost an extra $2,000.

8WORKING OF NIR:-

9FAR INFRARED SYSTEM

An FIR system is passive, detecting the thermal radiation (wavelength of around 8–12 µm). Warm objects emit more radiation in this region and thus have high visibility in the image.

FIR system registers images based on body heat and produces images that resemble a photo negative.

FIR system works well for deciphering between animals and people, but it doesn't do much for revealing a dead animal in the middle of the road or perhaps a large rock or a fallen tree.

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FIR system uses CMOS based sensors on the front of the car that pick up heat from objects and processes the thermal signature to display images on a QVGA display (320x240-pixel resolution) mounted on the dash in the centre of the vehicle's console.

The warmer the target, the brighter the image displays.

It has a range of around 980 feet (299 meters) and can pan in the direction the vehicle is heading.

FIR system can see through the dense conditions.

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FIR systems can be turned on or off by the driver with controls found near the high-beam lever and is not affected by oncoming bright lights.

FIR systems cost an extra $2,000 to $2,500.

12WORKING OF FIR:-

No Explanation

1 Environment ahead of vehicle

2 Optical element

3 Thermal imaging sensor

4 Night vision control unit

5 Central information display

13BLOCK DIAGRAM:-

14COMPARISION:-

NIR FIR + Lower sensor cost + Superior detection range

+ Higher image resolution + Emphasizes objects of particular risk for example, pedestrians and animals

+ Potential for integrating into other systems +

Images with less visual clutter (unwanted features that may distract driver)

+ Favourable mounting location + Better performance in inclement weather

- Sensitive to glare from oncoming headlights and other NIR systems - Lower contrast for objects of ambient

temperature

- Detection range depends on reflectivity of object

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16Distributions of detection distance by system type and warning type.

17ADVANTAGES:-

Improved vision conditions of dusk and darkness. No dazzling by head lights of the oncoming vehicles. Highlighting of illuminated, heat-emitting objects as pedestrian,

cyclists, deer, etc. Better overview of the driving situations. The zoom functions of the object in the far distance at high speeds. Illumination of the bends/curves (pivoting of image details) Illumination of dark courtyard and garage entrances. Superior image quality. Uninterrupted image. Immune to dynamic thermal environment.

18DISADVANTAGES:-

The driver have to concentrate on road as well as well as on screen.

It is difficult to distinguish between objects in the foreground and the background of the image.

The entire image is continuously changing and because pedestrians vary in scale based on their distance to the viewer.

The probability of true warnings (i.e. when the driver is about to hit the pedestrian) is low.

19APPLICATIONS:-

Pedestrian detection.

Avoiding use of high beam light.

In tunnels.

For spying.

20CONCLUSION:-

A night vision system should be designed to enhance the visibility of pedestrians, other vulnerable road users and animals.

The emphasis of the system HMI should focus on how the system aim of detecting pedestrian and animals, and how it could be improved.

FIR system should be used as preferred technology until the development of automatic detection is complete.

The main problem and focus should be on cost reduction of FIR system components.

21REFRENCES:-

Michael Burg, Karsten Eichhorn Hella KG Hueck & Co Germany Paper Number 478.

A. ROGALSKI*1 and K. CHRZANOWSKI, Infrared Devices and techniques, OPTO-ELECTRONICS REVIEW 10(2), 111–136 (2002).

Omer Tsimhoni ,Michael J. flannagan, Mary Lynn Meford and Naoko Takenobu, A Simple and effective Display foe night vision system, University of Michigan transportation research Institute.

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