night vision technology

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NIGHT VISION TECHNOLOGY MANISH KUMAR PANDEY ECE 6 TH SEM ROLL NO.- 1003331054 SUBMITTED TO:- o NISHA WALDE (SEMINAR CO-ORDINATOR) SUBMITTED BY:-

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Page 1: Night vision technology

NIGHT VISION TECHNOLOGY

MANISH KUMAR PANDEY

ECE 6TH SEM

ROLL NO.- 1003331054

SUBMITTED TO:-

o NISHA WALDE(SEMINAR CO-ORDINATOR)

SUBMITTED BY:-

Page 2: Night vision technology

CONTENTIntroduction

Types of night vision - Biological night vision - Technical night vision

Night vision devicesAdvantageDisadvantageApplicationConclusionReference

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Night vision technology allows one to see in the dark

INTRODUCTION

It is originally developed for the military use. In other word we say that Night vision technology is a

type of image processing where we get to see Images in the dark

With the proper night vision equipment we can see a person standing over 200 yards (183 metres)away on a moonless cloudy night.

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Night vision approaches There are two types of night vision

approaches

1) Spectral range-

Enhanced spectral range allows the viewer to take advantage of non-visible sources of electromagnetic radiation (such as near-infrared or ultraviolet radiation). Some animals can see well into the infrared or ultraviolet compared to humans.

2)Intensity range:

It is the ability to see with very small quantities of light. Many animals have better night vision than humans . To enhanced intensity range in achieved via technological means through the use of an image intensifier , gain multiplication devices and photo detectors.

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TYPES OF NIGHT VISION

.

1. Biological Night Vision

2. Technical Night Vision

(A) Image Intensification

(B) Thermal Imaging

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BIOLOGICAL NIGHT VISION TECHNOLOGYSome animal like cat , owl and deep sea animals can see in

night because they have a tissue layer called the tapetum lucidum, in the back of the eye that reflect light back through the retina .

But human has lack of this layer , hence human can not see in night .

Hence a chemical called RHODOPOSIN that allows night vision .

Molecule of rhodoposin in the rods of eye undergoes a change in shape as they absorb light.

Rhodoposin is extremely sensitive to light .Hence human can see in night for few hour with the help of

rhodoposin

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WORKING OF TECHNICAL NIGHT VISION(A) IMAGE INTESIFICATION

This method of night vision amplifies the available light to achieve better vision.

A conventional lens, captures ambient light.

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The light energy causes electrons to be released from the photocathode plate.

These electrons enter a micro channel plate and generate more electrons

These electrons hit a phosphor screen and maintain their position through the channel.

The green phosphor image is viewed through another lens called ocular lens, which allows you to magnify and focus the image.

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(B) THERMAL IMAGINGThis method do not require any ambient light at all.

principal -: All objects emit infrared energy as a function of their temperature. This technology operates by capturing the upper portion of infra red light spectrumA special lens focuses the infrared light emitted by all of the

objects in view.

The focused light is scanned and create temperature pattern called THERMOGRAM.

The pattern created is translated into electric impulsesThe impulses are sent to a circuit board that translates the

information into data for the display. signal-processing unit sends the information to the display.

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NIGHT VISION DEVICES

Night vision devices are basically divided into three categories Scopes: They are monocular

normally handheld or mounted on a weapon.

Goggles: They are binocular and worn on the head.

Cameras: Used for transmission or recording of images mostly if the location is fixed.

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GENERATIONS

GENERATION 0 Night vision devices were based on image conversion rather than on

image intensification. The first night vision device the "sniperscope" or "snooperscope",

were introduced by the US Army in World War II

GENERATION 1 Focused on the ability to see without additional light. NVD began using intensified natural lighting. Military scientists created two – stage cascade image tube.

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GENERATION 2There were two major development in NVD technology , first was

the micro channel plate and other was in thermal imaging.The images are less distorted and brighter

GENERATION 3Longer life and more defined images. It maintains the MCP from GEN 2 and also it has photocathode plate.Better resolution and sensitivity.

GENERATION 4Known as “filmless and gated” technology. improvement in high- and low-level light environmentsReduced background noise

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ADVANTAGEHigh Sensitivity

Low power Requirement

Able to see in dark

Light Weight

Small in size

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DISADVANTAGE

Image is not good quality with NVT.

Image is not look its original place i.e farer image is look nearer.

Loose normal eye vision if it use regularly

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APPLICATION

Military

In vehicle during winter and foggy day

Hunting and wildlife Observation Security

Navigation

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CONCLUSION

Night vision technology has some limitations but it is very useful technology in security purpose and wildlife. Improving this technology to reduce limitations it can use in future for military and another purpose because now a day terrorism is big problem for any country. Hence this technology is helpful in war against terrorism

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REFERENCE www.ieee.org

www.globalsecurity.org

www.nightvisioncamera.com

www.wikipedia.com

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THANK YOU