Cats

135 SlidesLast update – 2020 1

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What is the breed of this animal? Order? Family? Genus? Species? How many chromosomes does this cat have?

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Manx catOrder: Carnivora, family: felidaefelis catus (domesticus)2N=38 4

What image modality is used? What is abnormal in this image?What is the condition/model? What has been reported as a preventative for this condition in man?

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• What image modality is used? X-ray• What is abnormal in this image? Agenesis of coccygeal vertebrae (and

intestinal dilationWhat is the condition/model? Spina bifidaWhat has been reported as a preventative for this condition in man? Folic acid

6Kitchen H, Murray RE, Cockrell BY. Animal model for human disease. Spina bifida, sacral dysgenesis and myelocele. Animal model: Manx cats. Am J Pathol. 1972;68(1):203–206

X RAY; agenesis of coccygeal bone (and intestinal dilation)condition/model? Spina bifidaPreventative for this condition in man? Folic acid 7

Coat coloration?Syndrome seen this type of male cat ? What is unique about their chromosomes?

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Coat coloration? Tortoise ShellSyndrome seen this type of male cat ? Klinefelter’s SyndromeWhat is unique about their chromosomes? XXY

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Anatomic location? Condition?10

Oral cavity; eosinophilic granuloma complex11

Anatomic Location? Condition? 12

Lip; eosinophilic granuloma complex 13

What is illustrated in image?14

Paccinian corpuscles in mesentery15

What is illustrated in image?16

Image 7

Paccinian corpuscles in mesentery17

What organ? Function of pacinian corpuscles?

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What organ? PancreasFunction of pacinian corpuscles? Specialized nerve endings; pressure receptors?

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Organ? Etiologic agent?

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Organ? LungEtiologic agent? Aelurostrongylus abstrusus

21Jeff L. Caswell, Kurt J. Williams, in Jubb, Kennedy & Palmer's Pathology of Domestic Animals: Volume 2 (Sixth Edition), 2016

Dental exam of two cats. What is noted?

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A B

Dental exam of two cats. What is noted?A. Normal teethB. Discolored teeth

Possible etiology of discolored teeth in Cat B?

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A B

Porphyria 24

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What is abnormal about the bones illustrated in image? Condition? Pathogenesis? With UV light, what color would this bone fluoresce?

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What is abnormal about the bones illustrated in image? PorphyriaCondition? Feline PorphyriaPathogenesis? • Defect in porphyrin metabolism results in porphyrin buildup in bonesWith UV light, what color would this bone fluoresce? • Fluoresces bright pink with UV light

What is wrong with the image?

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Thoracic radiograph of adult cat

What is wrong with the image? • Generalized cardiomegaly

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Thoracic radiograph of adult cat

Guglielmini C, Diana A. Thoracic radiography in the cat: Identification of cardiomegaly and congestive heart failure. J Vet Cardiol. 2015;17 Suppl 1:S87–S101. doi:10.1016/j.jvc.2015.03.00

Morphological description? Condition?

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Morphological description? • Thickened endocardium, dilated L ventricleCondition?• Endocardial fibroelastosis (EFE) 30

The condition noted in these images is associated with EFE.What is the Condition?

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A B

This condition is also associated with EFE. What is it? 32

Condition? Pectus excavatus

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A B

Pectus excavatus 34

What is the gross abnormality? Morphologic diagnosis? 35

36What is the gross abnormality? Morphologic diagnosis?

What is the gross abnormality? Hemorrhagic intestines Morphologic diagnosis? Segmental hemorrhagic enteritis 37

Histological diagnosis? Disease?

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Histological diagnosis?• Necrosis small intestine; crypt cells destroyed leading to blunted villiDisease? • Feline panleukopenia= parvo= feline distemper 39

What’s wrong with this cat? 40

Drooling cat 41

Another ruleout that can present with similar signs?

Are vaccines for Calicivirus and Feline Herpes preventative? 42

FVR= feline rhinotracheitis = herpes= Feline Herpesvirus 1(Becomes latent and Reactivates with stress)

FIV- retro; lenti; can see gingivitis*

No. Animals can still become infected and can still shed virus43

This organism was seen in a cat with conjunctivitis. What is the organism? 

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This organism was seen in a cat with conjunctivitis. What is the organism? • Feline pneumonitis = Chlamydia psittaci;  new name (3/01; 

Compendium) = Chlamydophila felis

45http://eclinpath.com/october-2016-case-month/2/

What syndrome is depicted from the image of cat?

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What syndrome is depicted from the image of cat?• Waardenburg syndrome ‐ Heterochromic eyes on 

right, blue eyes on left

47https://www.ba-bamail.com/content.aspx?emailid=33852

This cat has heterochromic eyes and is deaf on one side

What is the mode of inheritance? Gene involved? 

Is there a relationship between the blue eye and deafness on that side?   48

Autosomal dominant (like pelger huet and ehlers danlos)

W gene= white furred animal which may be deaf (Blue eye color expressed only in presence of W gene)

No, but the number of blue eyes = the number of deaf ears within an individual white cat  49

What is the top differential for enlarged bladder? 50

Urinary Obstruction 51

This it the gross image of the bladder from image 26 opened

What is the morphological diagnosis? 52

Hemorrhagic and necrotizing cystitis 2’ to urethral block

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What is the genus species of this cat fur mite?

What is the genus species of this ear mite?54

Cat fur mite= Lynxacarus radovski (JAVMA)Ear mite? Otodectes cynotis, notoedres cati

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Etiologic diagnosis? Etiologic agent?

what is gastric nematode in vomitus of cat?  56

Etiologic diagnosis?   Intestinal cestodiasis

Etiologic agent?  Taenia taeniaformis

What is gastric nematode in vomitus of cat?  Ollulanus tricuspis 57

What is the most likely etiology for the lesions seen?Genus species?

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Dermatomycosis= usually M canis

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What type of stain is used in this image? 60

Gomori methenamine silver (GMS) stain 61

What tissue is this? What abnormality is seen in this imagine? 62

Small intestineSexual stages of toxo 63

Tissue?Abnormality?

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Brain Cyst (PAS positive bradyzoites and thin tissue cyst wall) 65

Vet Clin Small Anim 39 (2009) 1009–1034

Cat feces. What are the arrows pointing to? What is the treatment?

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Unsporulated oocysts of Toxoplasma gondiiTreatment? Daraprim® (Pyrimethamine); clindamycin

67Vet Clin Small Anim 39 (2009) 1009–1034

Tissue? Stain? 

Organism? 68

Cat lung smearSilver stain

Aspergillus (branching septate hyphae) 69

This is from a cat intranastal aspirate smearOrganism?

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Cat intranasal aspirate smearCryptococcus neoformans

71Clinical atlas of small animal cytology/by Andrew G. Burton. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Inc

What are the 2 most likely clinical signs seen in this cat? 72

Anemia and jaundice 73

Disease?Etiologic agent?

How is the disease spread? DDX?   74

Stain? Romanowsky stainDisease?  Feline Infectious Anemia (FIA)

Etiologic agent? Mycoplasma haemofelis (Old name: Hemobartonella felis)Clinical Signs? Anemia, pyrexia, lethargy and splenomegaly

Diagnosis? Based on visualization of the bacteria on the red cell but transient parasitemia and cyclic episodes in carriers complicated diagnosis.  Now have PCR test and can use in 

situ hybridization of fixed tissue to confirm M haemofelis as cause for FIA. M haemofelis is a mycoplasma organism (linked with sequenced H felis 16s RrNA gene

[Beret et al, Specific In Situ Hybridization of Haemobartonella felis with a DNA probe and Tryamide Signal Amplification, Vet Path, Vol 37, Number 1, Jan 2000, pp 47‐53]

How is the disease spread?   FleasDDX?  1.  Cytauxzoon felis= ring on RBC; has blood and tissue phase; reservoir is bobcat. 

Spread via ixodes ticks= anemia, fever, icterus, hemorrhage, death2.Babesia; no tissue phase 75

What is the diagnosis? What are the most likely causes?*Image 39 & 40 are related

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What is the diagnosis? What are the most likely causes?*Slides 78 & 79 are related

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Cerebellar hypoplasia

Vaccination or infection in utero with panleukopenia (parvo)

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Disease? 79

wet FIP (lack of CMI) 80

Disease? 81

dry FIP (has CMI) 82

Organism?What virus is it related to? 83

EM coronavirusFECV = related feline enteric coronavirus 84

What is the cause of this lesion? Genus species 85

SporotrichosisSporothrix schenkii 86

Stain? 87

PAS (Periodic acid‐Schiff) 88

Cytology from exudate Describe? Zoonotic?

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Cytology exudate ‐ cigar shaped yeastZoonotic 90

What the abnormality seen in this cat? 91

Polydactyly 92

What is the diagnosis ? 93

Colonic adenocarcinoma; napkin ring 94

Disorder/Disease?

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Chediak higashi

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Abnormality? 97

Granules in immature monocyte 98

Fetal abnormality? 99

Schistosome reflexus 100

What was the cause of the organism? Genus species? 101

Flea larvae’ Ctenocephalides felis 102

What is being performed? 103

Cat restraint 104

Cat housing, floor grate and litter box but what’s missing? What is the space requirement (based on Guide) for a cat greater than 4 kg?  

Less than 4kg?105

Perch, water bowl, check AWAgreater than 4 kg?  4 sq feetless than 4 kg? 3 sq feet

height 24 inches 106

Morphological Diagnosis? Etiology?

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CardiomyopathyHypertrophic cardiomyopathy 

LA thrombus 108

Diagnosis? Nutritional etiology?

Cause?109

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathyTaurine is a dietary requirement for cats.  Deficiency ==cardiomyopathy (dilated?)Cats also require arachidonic acid in diet. Can’t convert linoleic to arachidonic 

efficiently 110

• This 14 year old Safari cat presented with acute right pelvic limb weakness. • Hyperthyroidism, diabetes, aortic thromboembolism , and disk disease 

were ruled out. • DDX?  111

Histo picture of right femoral nerveWhat is the most likely diagnosis? 

Is this a common neoplasm in the cat?Most lymphosarcomas in the cat are associated with what virus?

‐What are safari cats used for in biomedical research?‐What is the safari cat a cross between? 112

Bold arrow identifies infiltration of nerve by coalescing mononuclear cell populations and disruption of normal neural architecture.  Thin arrow identifies similarly affected perineural connective tissue. H and E 100X

‐What is the most likely diagnosis? Lymphosarcoma‐Is this a common neoplasm in the cat? Yes, most common hematopoetic neoplasm in the cat but rare to have only peripheral nerves involved‐Most lymphosarcomas in the cat are associated with what virus? FeLV (70% are FeLV+)

‐ FIV also implicated in some which tend to be of B cell origin‐ Also shown that coinfection with FeLV and FIV leads to greater risk of LSA due to an 

apparent synergistic effect between the two viruses‐ Felv= type c retro; P53E is immunosuppressive envelope antigen‐ FIV= retro; lenti (gingivitis*)‐ FeSFV= feline syncytium forming virus; retro (spuma)

‐What are safari cats used for in biomedical research? Model of glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G‐6‐PD) cellular mosaicism which is used to study the clonal nature of hematologic neoplasms‐What is the safari cat a cross between?  Breed resulting from cross between a domestic short hair (Felis catus) and a wild Geoffrey cat (Leopardus geoffroyi)

[Hankenson et al, Pelvic Limb Paresis in a Safari Cat, LAS, Vol 48 # 4, August, 1998, pp325‐329]

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What is noted at the black arrow?

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What is noted at the black arrow?• BARR BODY; PMN female• one of the X chromosomes condensed• found in cats, rats, and man (NOT in 

mice) 

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This random source cat was presented for depression, behavioral changes, and unilateral blindness. 

What is the arrow point to? What is the most likely identity of the causative organism?

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Picture of cat brain with cuterebra larvae over right olfactory peduncle (arrow)

Cuterebra larva; (aberrant cuterebral larval migration );cuterebral myiasis

Histologically saw parasitic track lesion, laminar cerebrocortical necrosis, cerebral infarction and astrogliosis.   117

Slide of larvae seen in image 60:

Where are larvae most commonly recovered when affecting the brain?  What route of entry does this suggest?

Cuterebra migration is the cause of what feline disease?Has cuterebra larval migration been reported in humans?  

What is the genus species of the cattle warble ? 118

Where are larvae most commonly recovered when affecting the brain?  Olfactory bulbs and peduncles, optic nerves, and cribriform platewhat route of entry does this suggest? Entry from the nasal cavityCause of what feline disease? FIE= feline ischemic encephalopathy ‐acute onset of unilateral cerebral disease in adult cats of any age, seen in summer months ‐ depression, mild ataxia, seizures, and behavior changes especially aggression toward the owner ‐Infarction thought to be due to cerebral vasospasm‐Because of prevalence of infarction and lack of reported cases in regions of the world devoid of the fly, hypothesis is that a toxic factor is elaborated by the parasite and borne within the CSF causing vascular compromise and brain infarctionHas cuterebra larval migration been reported in humans? Yes (eye, brain, respiratory tree); nonfeeding bumblebee ‐like adults lay eggs at entrance to rodent or rabbit burrow  during summer months.  Eggs are stimulated to hatch by the passing warmth of host and first instar larvae adhere to pelage of host.  Enter the body thru a mucous membrane such as eye nose or mouth or may directly pierce the skin(1‐2 mm first instar larvae can pass thru cribriform platewhat is the genus species of the cattle warble? hypoderma lineatum

[Williams, Summers, and DeLahunta, Cerebrospinal Cuterebriasis in Cats and its Association with Feline Ischemic Encephalopathy, Vet Path: 35; September 1998, 330‐343]

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Tissues from kittens with acute respiratory distress. Morphological diagnosis? 120

Image 62

Necrotic bronchus 121

*Slides 123‐131 are related Image at 20x

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Alveolar necrosis 20x 123

*Slides 123‐131 are related Image at 63x

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Alveolar necrosis 63X 125

*Slides 123‐131 are related INIB in bronchial mucous gland at 63x

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INIB in bronchial mucous gland 100xDiagnosis? 

Where does virus reside during latent period? Ways to screen for the presence of this virus in a colony?  

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Diagnosis?  Feline herpes virus (FHV‐1) ;  Necrotizing bronchitis and pneumonia with eosinophilic INIB

Where does virus reside during latent period?  Trigeminal ganglia, optic nerves, olfactory bulbs and corneas

Ways to screen for the presence of this virus in a colony?  Serology, culture of oral and ocular secretions, nested PCR[LAS 48(2):190.  April 1998.]

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Human with lip lesion  ‐ Cat Scratch DiseaseWhat is the cause? Genus Species Clinical Sign?

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Cat Scratch DiseaseBartonella henselaeLymphadenopathy, positive skin test

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What caused the outbreak of acute polyneuropathy in cats in the Netherlands and Switzerland in late 1990's (1996) (823 cats) ?

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Paralysis of hindlimbs, then forelimbs and respiratory musculatureSalinomycin toxicity; = ionophoric antibiotic; coccidiostat was in dry cat food at toxic levels . Like other ionophores such as narasin(methylsalinomycin) , lasalocid, and monensin it is used in vet med as a coccidiostatic drug in poultry and as a growth promotor in cattle. The dog is the most sensitive animal species according to results of both acute and chronic toxicity studies. Target organ in toxicity is striated muscles (skeletal and heart)

“Polyneuropathies are particularly rare in cats, and those reported have been associated with diabetes mellitus, myasthenia gravis, and toxic substances.

[Van Der Lind-Sipman et al, Salinomycin induced Polyneuropathy in Cats; Morphologic and Epidemiologic Data, Vet Path, Volume, 36, Number 4,March 1999, pp 152-156]

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What type of test is the cat use?*Image 68 & 69 related 133

Output of test being used 134

Cat on Pressure sensitive mat for measurement of applied forelimb force;output of pressure-sensitive mat used for measuring force applied by the

forelimbs in a cat (lb/in2) [JAVMA V 217: 7: pp. 1015, 2000.]

Image 68

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