Patterns of Heredity

Review

What disorder is shown?

• Klinefelter’s

23

What type of mutation causes klinefelter’s?

• nondisjunction

Baldness is a recessive trait that generally occurs ONLY in males. What mode of inheritance would

this be?

• Sex linked

The 23rd pair of chromosomes that differ in males and females are called ____________

• Sex chromosomes

List an example of a polygenic trait.

• Skin color• Hair color,

Which mutation would change the MOST amino acids that

make up a protein?

• Frameshift

Which mode of inheritance would the alleles for a trait be written

as superscripts on only the X chromosome

• Sex linked trait

Identify the disorder.

• Down’sSyndrome

What mode of inheritance shows a blending of a

trait?

Incomplete dominance

What is the sex of this individual?

• Female

Who determines the sex of a child?

Father

Identify the disorder.

• Turner’s Syndrome

G

What did Gregor Mendel use to conduct his

experiment?

Garden peas

List 2 environmental (external) factors that can influence gene expression?

• Temperature• Radiation• Light• Chemicals• Virus/Bacteria

Why do sex-linked traits occur more often in males than females?

•Males are missing the part of the Y

chromosomes that has these traits

______ is anything that can cause a mutation

Mutagen

What is an example of a sex-link trait?

•Hemophilia•Color-blindness•Baldness

__________ inheritance is where more then ONE

gene is controlling a trait

Polygenic inheritance

In a pedigree, how is death notated?

•A slash through the symbol

I.

II.

The following pedigree shows individuals with blue eyes. Blue

eyes are recessive to brown. What is the dad’s genotype?

• Bb

_____ is an abnormal number of chromosomes

Aneuploidy

Body chromosomes; pairs 1-22 are called _____

Autosomes

_____ is the failure of the homologous chromosomes to

separate during meiosis

Nondisjunction

_____ is a chart where the chromosomes are arranged in their homologous pairs

Karyotype

What would be an internal factor that can influence

gene expression?

Hormones

An individual with the genotype IA i for their

blood type would have what blood type?

A blood type

In a karyotype, chromosomes are matched according to ________, _______, and_____

•Size,•Banding Patterns,•Centromere location

How many autosomal chromosomes are present?

• 44

I.

II.

The following pedigree shows individuals with blue eyes. Blue eyes are recessive to

brown. What is the sex of their oldest kid?

• boy

_____ is a mutation that occurs when a segment of a chromosome breaks off and

is reinserted backwards

Inversion

____ mutation causes an error in DNA that adds or deletes a single base that causes all the following

amino acids to be affected

Frame shift mutation

What trait is an example of multiple alleles?

Blood Types

How many chromosomes does a human that has

Trisomy 21 have?

47

A normal male karyotype would contain ____ as the

sex chromosomes.

XY

Mutation that occurs when one chromosome of

a pair is missing is called _____

Monosomy

Give an example of a genotype that would represent a carrier

female

XBXb

When a chromosome breaks off & joins

another chromosome, this mutation is

called_____

Translocation

What type of inheritance has the phenotype of the heterozygous offspring showing BOTH traits of

the homozygous parents?

Codominance

What type of inheritance is shown when the trait occurs more frequently

in one sex than another?

Sex-Linked

Suppose you were looking at a pedigree and you saw an individual’s genotype was labeled “R?”. What does

that genotype represent?

Dominant phenotype. But, you do not know if the other

allele is dominant or recessive

What type of inheritance is exhibited when there

are more than 2 possible alleles for a certain trait

or phenotype?

Multiple alleles

A mother who is heterozygous for type A blood marries a

man who is homozygous for B blood. What are the blood genotypes of the children?

• 50% IAIB

• 50% IBi

In pedigrees, how are males and females

represented?

Males – squaresFemales - circles

What type of inheritance pattern would you use a prime (‘) to

notate the alternate form of an allele?

Incomplete dominance

What do the roman numerals represent that

are labeled on a pedigree?

Generation numbers

How many autosomes does a human have?

44 or 22 pairs

A normal female karyotype would contain

____ as the sex chromosomes.

XX

I.

II.

The following pedigree shows individuals with blue eyes. Blue

eyes are recessive to brown. What is the mom’s genotype?

• bb