nhóm 1 - d09vt5 báo cáo ktmt

7/31/2019 nhm 1 - D09VT5 bo co KTMT

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HC VIN CNG NGH BU CHNH VIN THNG-------------------------------

TIU LUN

MN HC : KIN TRC MY TNH

ti :Tm hiu cu trc dng my tnh s dng vi x l IntelCore 2 Duo: Dell

INSPIRON 1545 CORE 2 DUO.

Ging vin hng dn : TS Hong Xun Du

Nhm 1 : Th AnhNguyn Vit Anh

Trn Hu nhNguyn Vit Bc

Nguyn L Bng ( nt)

H NI 2012


2/27

LI NI U

Cng ngh sn xut my tnh ang thay i tng ngy c bit l trong ngnh cng nghip snxut laptop . Hiu nng my tnh ngy cng tng , cht lng ngy cng nng cao v gi thnhngy cng h. Nm trong ni dung tiu lun b mn kin trc my tnh : yu cu tm hiu v cutrc ca cc dng my tnh . chng em nhm 1 tin hnh tm hiu v dng my tnh s dng vi xl Intel Core 2 Duo: Dell INSPIRON 1545 CORE 2 DUO. Ni dung ca bi tiu lun chia lm 4chngChng 1 : gii thiu khi qut v dng laptop Dell INSPIRON 1545 CORE 2 DUOPhn ny gii thiu khi qut v h thng my tnh theo yu cu xut x v cc thng s chnhChng 2 : cu trc h thngPhn ny nu cu trc c s ca bo mch ch ca h thng (chipset, bus,...); m t CPU s dng,h thng nh v cc thit b vo ra.

Chng 3 :Cc c tnh v cng ngh miPhn ny trnh by cc c tnh ni bt, cc cng ngh mi c p dng m cc dng my itrc cha c.Chng 4 : kt lun

Mc d c gng tm hiu v dch ti liu t nhiu ngun nhng do kh nng ting anh v kinthc c hn nn khng th trnh khi nhng sai lm v thiu st . Rt mong thy thng cm v gp .Chng em cm n thy !

H ni ngy 29 thng 3 nm 2012Nhm 1


3/27

MC LC

CHNG 1 : GII THIU KHI QUT LAPTOP DELL INSPIRION 1545 CORE 2 DUOI. XUT XII. THNG S K THUT C BNIII. C IM PHN CNG NI BT

CHNG 2 : CU TRC H THNG MY TNHI.CU TRC BO MCH CH

1. s khi,cc thnh phn ca bo mch2. chipset

2.1 chp cu bc (north brigde )

a. chc nng :c. thng s k thut ca chp cu bcd. c im chip set Mobile Intel PM45 Express trong dell 1545e. Cc tnh nng v cng ngh mi ca chipset

2.2 chp cu nam (south bridge)a.chc nngb.v tr ca chip v cch nhn dng :

c. hot ng ca chip cu namd. ch s k thut chip IVH9-M ca laptop dell

3. biosa. chc nng

b.Nhim v c bn

c. nhn bit bios

d. cng ngh dualBIOStrong dell 15454.h thng bus

a. khi Nimb. phn loi bus, chc nng ca busc. cc thng s bus trong h thng mainboard ca DELL INSPIRON 1545 CORE 2DUO.

II. CU TRC CPU CORE 2 DUO1.S khi v cc thnh phn

1.1 khi instruction fetch and predecode :1.2 khi instruction queue (khi hng i lnh)1.3 khi decode ( Khi gi m lnh )1.5. reorder buffer retirement unit1.6. schedulers-reservation station (Phn ln chng trnh)


4/27

1.7. khi fpu,alu,load, store1.8. khi cache L1,L2

CHNG 3 : CC DC TNH CNG NGH NI BT CA LATOP S DNG DNG

CHIP CORE 2 DUOI. CNG NGH MI CA CACHE TRONG KIN TRC CORE 2 DUO

1. hn ch cache ca pentium D2. ci tin ca cache core 2 duo3. cache core 2 duo c kh nng tin on nhanh ,su , v chnh xc

II. NG DN D LIU 128 BIT BN TRONG

IV. KIN TRC NH MIIV. IU CHNH TIT LU

V.B GII M CH LNH MACRO-FUSION

VI. INTEL WIDE DYNAMIC EXECUTION

VII . INTEL ADVANCED DIGITAL MEDIA BOOST

VIII. INTEL POWER INTELLIGENT CAPABILITYIX. INTEL QUIET SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY

IX. INTEL VIRTUALIZATION TECHNOLOGYXI. EXECUTE DISABLE BIT


5/27


6/27

Kch c(mm): 373 x 244 x 38Pin 6:cell

III. C IM PHN CNG NI BT

Inspiron 1545 c trang b ghi DVD, u c th nh, khe cm th m rng 34 mmExpressCard thay v phin bn 54 mm. Ngoi ra, cn c ng cm headphone v microphone, cng3 cng USB, cng Ethernet v cng VGA. Inspiron 1545 khng c cng kt ni a phng tinHDMI nh phin bn 1525 hay cc netbook i mi by gi.


7/27

Dng my Dell Inspiron s dng mn hnh t l 16:9, Dell Inspiron 1545 c trang b mn hnhgng 15,6 inch, phn gii 1.366 x 768 pixel. Mn hnh ny cho cht lng trung bnh, ccon vn bn hin th khng thc s sc nt v gc nhn cng khng c rng bi tng phnthp. Nu phc v nhu cu gii tr xem phim hay ngm cc bc nh s, ngi s dng cng cntrnh mi trng qu sng v ngi trc mn hnh mt gc hp l.

B loa ca Dell Inspiron 1545 c th coi l im sng ca c my. Loa cho cht lng m thanhkh tt, hn hn loa ca nhng notebook mn 15, 16-inch cng mc gi. Tuy thiu m bass su vr, nhng b li kh nng cng hng tt v m thanh khng b mo khi m ln.

n bn trong v my bng by, mc gi hp l l b vi x l Intel Core 2 Duo vi tng cp , tT4200 ti T6400. Trong bi ny, ta s nghin cu Core 2 Duo T6600 (2x2.2GHz, FSB 800MHz,2M L2 Cache). Vi b vi x l ny, Dell Inspiron 1545 c kh nng chy tt bt k mt phn mmno. B nh RAM DDR2 4 d sc cho my hot ng tt trn nn h iu hnh Windows VistaPremium phin bn 32-bit.

Card ha tch hp GMA4500 c th khng ph hp cho vic chi cc game nng, nhng cng sc chy cc ng dng ha thng thng. Vi cng HDD 320 GB tc 5 Ins.400

vng/pht, Dell piron 1545 c mt khng gian lu tr tng i rng ri i vi nhu cu lu trthng thng. Chic my ny khng c kt ni Bluetooth v cng ch c kt ni Wireless chun G.


8/27

CHNG 2 : CU TRC H THNG MY TNH

I.CU TRC BO MCH CH1. s khi,cc thnh phn ca bo mch

Hnh 2.1 hnh nh main board dell 1545 GM45


9/27

Hnh 2.2 s khi mainboard dell 1545 GM45

Trong cc thit b in t Bo mch ch l mt bn mch ng vai tr l trung gian giao tipgia cc thit b vi nhau. Mt cch tng qut, n l mch in chnh ca mt h thng haythit b in t. Nu xem PC nh 1 con ngi th CPU l b no, mainboard l xng sng cnchipset chnh l tri tim..C rt nhiu cc thit b gn trn bo mch ch theo cch trc tip c mt trn n, thng qua cckt ni cm vo hoc dy dn lin kt.

2. chipsetChipset hot ng nh 1 trung tm trung chuyn d liu trong my tnh. N iu khin ton b

d liu trao i gia CPU vi RAM, thit b ngoi vi, thng qua h thng bus. Bus hiu ngin l tuyn ng kt ni nhng a im vi nhau

2.1 chp cu bc (north brigde )

a. chc nng :Lin lc gia cc thit b CPU, RAM, AGP hoc PCI Express, v chip cu nam.Mt vi loi cn cha chng trnh iu khin video tch hp, hay cn gi l Graphics andMemory Controller Hub (GMCH).V cc b x l v RAM khc nhau yu cu cc tn hiu khc nhau, mt chip cu bc ch lm vicvi mt hoc hai loi CPU v ni chung ch vi mt loi RAM. C mt vi loi chipset h tr hailoi RAM (nhng loi ny thng c s dng khi c s thay i v chun).


10/27

Hnh 2.3 chc nng ca chip cu bcb. v tr ca chip v cch nhn dng

Chip ln nht trn Mainboard. Thng c gn thm 1 ming tn nhit. Nm gn CPU v RAM

c. thng s k thut ca chp cu bcChip cu bc p35 GMCH h tr : khe cm RDRAM cho php tc truyn d liu giaCPU v b nh t ti 10.6 Gigabytes/s. Knh truyn cho php chuyn giao d liu trctip gia card mn hnh v b nh vi tc ln ti 8Gigabytes/s.

d. c im chip set Mobile Intel PM45 Express trong dell 1545Mobile Intel PM45 Express Chipset cung cp hiu nng h thng tuyt vi thng quagiao din bng thng cao nh dual-channel DDR3 v h tr b nh DDR2 bus h thng,1066 MHz, PCI Express * x16 cng ha v PCI Express x1 I / O port, Serial ATA, vHi-Speed USB 2.0 kt ni S dng Chipset Mobile Intel PM45 Express bao gm h trcho Intel Active Management Technology (Intel AMT) 4.0, th h tip theo ca

mng li khch hng qun l t xa cho doanh nghip. S dng mobile Intel PM45Express Chipset cng bao gm h tr ha kp vi * ATI CrossfireX, chi game 3d

e. Cc tnh nng v cng ngh mi ca chipset

1066 MHz Front Side Cung cp tc nhanh hn truyn d liu so vi tc bus


11/27

Bus h tr th h trc.

H tr cng ngh bnh DDR3 v DDR2

H tr cho hiu sut tng ln v nng lng hiu qu hn cngngh b nh.

Tch hp tc cao

USB 2.0

H tr 12 cng USB 2.0 thit b ngoi vi cho ti a 40xchuyn d liu nhanh hn v tng thch ngc h tr cc

thit b USB 1.1.Intel Matrix Storage

Technology 7.0Cho php nng cao hiu sut, qun l in nng v bo v dliu cho h thng lu tr.

Intel hot ng Qunl Cng ngh 4.0

H tr cho cc cp mi v qun l v h tr cho khchhng my tnh trong mi trng kinh doanh.

ATI CrossFireX * htr

Cho php h tr cho ha kp cn thit chi game 3d

Hnh 2.4 thng s kt ni ca chipset

2.2 chp cu nam (south bridge)Chip cu nam, hay cn gi l I/O Controller Hub (ICH), l mt chip m nhim nhngvic c tc chm ca bo mch ch trong chipset. Khc vi chip cu bc, chip cu namkhng c kt ni trc tip vi CPU. ng hn l chip cu bc kt ni chip cu nam viCPU.


12/27

a.chc nngQun l v giao tip vi cc thnh phn nh: cc khe PCI, giao tip USB, chip Sound,chip LAN, BIOS ROM, Keyboard, mouse, FDD, COM, LPT

Hnh 2.5 chc nng ca chip cu nam

b.v tr ca chip v cch nhn dng :

-Lp th hai trn main (kch thc ch thua Chip cu Bc)

- C 2 chip ln, chp th nht l cu Bc th chip cn li l chip cu NAM.

Hnh 2.6 chip cu nam

c. hot ng ca chip cu namBi v chip cu nam c t xa CPU hn, n c giao trch nhim lin lc vi ccthit b c tc chm hn trn mt my vi tnh in hnh. Mt chp cu nam in hnh


13/27

thng lm vic vi mt vi chp cu bc khc, mi cp chp cu bc v nam phi cthit k ph hp th mi c th lm vic vi nhaud. ch s k thut chip IVH9-M ca laptop dell

I / O Thng s k thutUSB 2.0

# of USB Ports12

# of SATA port 4

Tch hp mng LAN 10/100/1000

Tch hp IDE 1 knh

thng s k thut giNhit chp max 120 CKch thc chip 31mm x 31mm

cng ngh nng cao

Intel Virtualization Technology dnh cho Directed I / O(VT-d)

c

Intel Trusted Execution Technology cCng ngh Intel Intel Active Management Khng

Cng ngh Intel quick Resume Khng

Cng ngh Intel Quiet system Khng

Intel HD Audio Technology C

Cng ngh Intel AC97 c

3. biosBIOS vit tt ca Basic Input/Output System ( h thng nhp/xut c bn.)

a. chc nng

BIOS gi nhiu vai tr khc nhau nhng vai tr quan trng nht l np h iu hnh. Khi

bn m my tnh ln, b vi x l s thc hin ch th u tin ca n cho nn n phi tmch th. N khng th ly ch th t h iu hnh v h iu hnh nm trn a cng, vb vi x l khng th n m khng c hng dn.

BIOS cung cp nhng hng dn ny. Mt trong nhng nhim v m BIOS phi thihnh:


14/27

+ T kim tra cc thit b phn cng ca th thng khi ngun bt (power-on self-test -POST) chc chn rng mi th u lm vic bnh thng.

+ Kch hot cc chip BIOS khc trn nhng card c gn vo my tnh . Nhng cardnh card SCSI v card ha thng c BIOS ca ring chng.

+ Cung cp mt tp cc ng kt ni h iu hnh giao tip vi cc thit b phncng chnh nh nhng ng kt ni ny m BIOS c gi l h thng xut nhp cbn. c bit khi khi ng my, cc ng kt ni ny qun l bn phm, mn hnh, cccng tip ni v cc cng song song.

+ Qun l mt lot cc thit lp cu hnh cho cng, tc xung, v..v.

b.Nhim v c bn

- Giao tip mc c bn nht vi ngi dng t lc bt cng tt cho n lc h iu hnh

bt u c load vo b nh m ta gi l BOOT.- Cho php thit lp cc cu hnh nh: chn a khi ng, chnh ngy gi h thng, tmt khu bo v

c. nhn bit bios

BIOS c cha sn (thng dng nn d liu) trong cc con chip nh l PROM,EPROM hay b nh flash ca bo mch chnh

Hnh 2.7 dualbios


15/27

d. cng ngh dualBIOStrong dell 1415DualBIOS thc cht l mt cng ngh cho php mainboard tch hp hai chip BIOS. Mtloi c gi l Main Bios (Bios chnh) v mt loi c gi l Backup Bios (Bios dphng). Mainboard thng hot ng vi Main BIOS, nhng nu n b h hi v mt ldo no th backup BIOS s c t ng s dng trong ln khi ng tip theo. PC

ca bn s hot ng ging nh l trc khi main BIOS b trc trc.

4.h thng busa. khi Nim

Bus l mt h thng con (subsystem) c nhim v truyn d liu gia cc b phn trongmy tnh.

b. phn loi bus, chc nng ca bush thng bus gm cc bus:Backside Bus (BSB): BSB l bus ring kt ni CPU vi b nh cache.Frontside Bus (FSB): FSB kt ni CPU vi b nh chnh.

AGP Bus: AGP l bus dnh ring phc v card giao tip ho.bus AGP c kt ni thng vi chip cu bc (Ci tin so vi bus PCI kt ni vi chipcu nam).Do cu trc ny, AGP cho php cc bo mch ho c th truy cp trc tipvo b nhca h thng, iu ny gip tng ng k hiu nng trn cc bo mch hoso vi khi chng s dng bus PCI trc . Tuy nhin bo mch ho nhng th hcui cng s dng giao tip AGP t khi s dng b nhh thng do chng thng ctrang b sn cc b nh ho ring.PCI Bus : PCI l mt chun truyn d liu gia cc thit b ngoi vi n mt bo mchch (thng qua chip cu nam).

c. cc thng s bus trong h thng mainboard ca DELL INSPIRON 1545 CORE 2DUO.

PCI express FSB AGP PCIBus with 32bits 64 bits 32 bits 64 bitsXung nhp 66Mhz/133Mhz 667MHz / 800MHz

/ 1066MHz66Mhz/133Mhz266Mhz/533Mhz

33Mhz/66Mhz

Tc truynd liu

250MB/s500Mb/s

1GBps

4256 MB/s-10656MB/s

266MB/s 533MB/s1066Mb/s

2133Mb/s

266Mb/s533Mb/s


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II. CU TRC CPU CORE 2 DUO

1.S khi v cc thnh phn

Hnh 2.8 s khi cpu core 2 duo

1.1 khi instruction fetch and predecode :y l khi c m lnh v tin gi m :chc nng ca khi l : c m lnh , gi m s b lnh phn loi cc lnh thngthng nh lnh r nhnh , lnh tun t , lm gim n tc pipeline

1.2 khi instruction queue (khi hng i lnh)Dng cha ng thi nhiu lnh trong hng i lnh do vy n c th thc hin ngthi nhiu lnh cng mt lc c th6 lnh c ghi vo hng i lnh trong mt chu k5 lnh c c trong mt chu k

1.3 khi decode ( Khi gi m lnh )


17/27

chc nng ca khi ny l : gii m lnh CISC(Complex Instruction Set Computer)thnh lnh RISC((Reduced Instruction Set Computer) .Bi v Nhng b vi x l ch sdng tp lnh RISCm trong khi , hu ht chng trnh phn mm s dng tp lnhCISC . do vy c th chy c nhng chng trnh thng dng nh : Windows ,Office...,cn c khi gii m lnh CISC thnh lnh RISC.

1.4 khi rename /alloc+ khi allocate (cp pht )

Khi ny c chc nng

Cp pht thanh ghi file - Register files (RF) lu tr kt qu d liu t x l vilnh .

Cp pht cc b m ti ( Load Buffers - LB) hoc b m lu tr ( Store Buffers- SB )tng ng vi vi lnh l ti hoc lu tr (c ngha l n s c hoc vitd liu t hoc ti b nh h thng RAM ),

Cp pht mt u vo trn b nh hoc xp sp chung tu thuc vo kiu ca vilnh

+ khi register renamerthay i tn v ni dung ca nhng thanh ghi c s dng trong chng trnh thnhmt trong nhng thanh ghi c sn trong CPU .Bi v Cu trc lnh CISC x86 ch c08 thnh ghi 32-bit (EAX, EBX, ECX, EDX, EBP, ESI, EDI v ESP). S ny ngin l qu t , nht l trong trng CPU c th thc hin on m OOO ( Out-Of-Order ) lc s lm hng ni dung ca nhng thanh ghi ang dng v dn ti lmchng trnh b li .

1.5. reorder buffer retirement unitt ch nhng n v m ri Tc dng ca khi lm tng tc cpu , ti u bngthng cho b vi x l

1.6. schedulers-reservation station (Phn ln chng trnh)N c chc nng phn tch mi mt vi lnh ,sp xp nhng vi lnh tu thuc theo kiu

ca chng . Sau Schedulerc th gi i mi mt vi lnh trc tip ti Execution Unitchnh xc x l . Nhng Execution Unit c ni ti Scheduler qua 5 cng gi i (Dispatch )

Kin trc Core c 5 cng gi i c t trn trm dnh ring Reservation Station ca n,c ba trong s chng c s dng cho vic gi cc ch lnh ni micro-ops n cc khithc thi. . ch lnh cn li c s dng bi cc khi c lin quan n b nh (Load,Store). iu c ngha rng cc CPU ang s dng kin trc Core c th gi ba chlnh micro-ops n khi thc thi trn mt chu k clock. Cn i Pentium M cng c 5cng gi i, nhng ch c hai cng c s dng gi i cc ch lnh micro-ops ncc khi thc thi.

Kin trc Core cung cp mt FPU m rng v mt IEU m rng (ALU) khi chng tamang ra so vi kin trc Pentium M. iu ny c ngha rng kin trc Core c th x ln ba ch lnh s nguyn trn mt chu k clock, trong khi Pentium M ch c hai.


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Tuy nhin khng phi tt c cc ch lnh ton hc u c th c thc thi trn tt c ccFPU. Nh nhng g bn c th quan st c trong hnh 2, cc ton t nhn floating-point ch c th c thc thi trong FPU th ba v phn thm vo floating-point ch cth c thc thi trn FPU th hai. Cc ch lnh Fpmov c th c thc thi trn FPU

th nht hoc trn hai FPU khc nu khng c ch lnh phc tp hn (FPadd or FPmul) sn sng c gi n chng. Cc ch lnh MMX/SSE u c x l bi FPU.

Trong hnh 2 bn s thy s khi chnh ca cc khi thc thi trong kin trc Core.

Hnh 2.9: Cc khi thc thi trong kin trc Core

1.7. khi fpu,alu,load, storeL cc khi n v thc thi ca cpu

+ALU n v s nguyn ( Arithmetic Logic Unit)

Khi ny c th x l n ba ch lnh s nguyn trn mt chu k clock

+ khi FPU ( Floating Point Unit): n v du chm ng

Khi ny chu trch nhim cho vic thc thi cc biu thc ton hc floating-point v cngc cc ch lnh MMX v SSE. Trong CPU ny, cc FPU khng hon thin v mt skiu ch lnh (FPmov, FPadd v FPmul) ch c thc thi trn cc FPU no :

o FPadd: Ch c FPU ny mi c th x l cc ch lnh cng floating-pointnh ADDPS.


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o FPmul: Ch c FPU ny mi c th x l cc ch lnh nhn floating-pointnh MULPS

o FPmov: Cc ch lnh cho vic np hoc copy mt thanh ghi FPU, nhMOVAPS (c dng truyn ti d liu n thanh ghi SSE 128-bitXMM). Kiu ch lnh ny c th c thc thi trn cc FPU, nhng ch

trn cc FPU th hai v th ba nu cc ch lnh Fpadd hay Fpmul khngc trong Reservation Station.

+ load : n v np/lu tr (n v dng c/ghi b nh).khi ny dng x l cc ch lnh yu cu d liu c c t b nh RAM.

+ khi store :

Khi ny x l cc ch lnh yu cu d liu c ghi vo b nh RAM.

1.8. khi cache L1,L2Cc khi ny c chc nng chuyn d liu qua li gia cpu v b nh chnh

khi nim v chc nng :

Cache hay cn gi l b nh m, b nh khay l mt thnh phn ca cu trc phncp ca h thng b nh nh trnh by trong mc Cache ng vai trong trung gian,trung chuyn d liu t b nh chnh v CPU v ngc liv tr ca cache trongcpu core 2 duo

b nh cache thng c tch hp vo trong CPU nhm nng cao tc v bng thngtrao i d liu gia CPU v cache.cu to cache trong core 2 duo

cache c chia lm 2 mc L1,L2+ L1 data cache c dung lng : 2 32Kbyte

8 way, kch thc dng line : 64 byte

+ L1 instruction cache c dung lng : 2 32Kbyte8 way, kch thc dng line : 64 byte

+ L2 instruction cache c dung lng : 1 3Mbyte8 way, kch thc dng line : 64 byte

t chc cachecache trong core 2 duo c t chc theo phng php nh x tp kt hp Cache cchia thnh 8 ng (way) nh s t 0 n 7. Mi ng cache li c chia thnh ndng (line) nh s t 0 n n-1. B nh chnh c chia thnh m trang (page), nh s


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t 0 n m-1. Mi trang li c chia thnh n dng (line) nh s t 0 n n-1. Kchthc mi trang ca b nh chnh bng kch thc mt ng ca cache v kch thcmt dng trong trang b nh cng bng kch thc mt dng ca ng cache.


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CHNG 3 : CC C TNH CNG NGH NI BT CA LATOP S DNGDNG CHIP CORE 2 DUO

I. CNG NGH MI CA CACHE TRONG KIN TRC CORE 2 DUO1. hn ch cache ca pentium D

Kin trc Core c to bng vic c khi nim multi-core, ngha l c nhiu chip trnmt ng gi. Trn Pentium D, phin bn dual-core ca Pentium 4, mi core u cCache nh L2 ca ring n. Vn vi hai Cache ring y l ti mt thi im no khi mt li ny s dng ht Cache nh trong khi li kia li khng s dng ht hiu suttrn Cache nh L2 ca ring n. Khi xy ra iu ny th li u tin phi truy cp v lyd liu t b nh RAM chnh, thm ch Cache nh L2 ca li th hai l hon ton trngrng m l ra c th c s dng lu d liu, trnh tnh trng li phi truy cp trctip vo b nh RAM chnh.

2. ci tin ca cache core 2 duoi vi kin trc Core, vn ny c gii quyt. Cache nh L2 c chia s, cngha l c hai li u c th s dng Cache nh L2 mt cch chung nhau, cu hnh ng

s c thc hin cho mi Cache. V d vi mt CPU c 2 MB L2 cache, mt li c thang s dng 1,5MB cn li kia s dng 512 KB (0.5 MB), ngc li vi t l chia cnh 50-50 nh c s dng trc y trong cc CPU dual-core.

Hnh 3.1 phn mc trong cache

3. cache core 2 duo c kh nng tin on nhanh ,su , v chnh xc

Khi tin tm np c chia s gia cc li, ngha l nu h thng Cache nh npmt khi d liu c s dng bi li u tin th li th hai cng c th s dng dliu c np trn Cache ny ri. Trong cc kin trc trc, nu li th hai cn d liuging nh d liu c np vo Cache ca li u tin th n vn phi truy cp thngqua bus ngoi (iu khin CPU lm vic tc clock ngoi, c tc clock thp


22/27

hn tc clock trong) hoc thm ch ly d liu cn thit trc tip t b nh RAM cah thng.

Intel cng ci thin khi tin tm np ca CPU, a ra cc mu theo cch m CPUhin ang ly d liu t b nh on th d liu m CPU s tm np tip theo l g v

np n vo Cache nh trc khi CPU yu cu. V d, nu CPU np d liu t a ch1, sau yu cu d liu trn a ch 3 v sau yu cu tip d liu trn a ch 5 thkhi tin tm np s on rng chng trnh s np d liu t a ch 7 v n s np t ach ny ra Cache nh trc khi CPU yu cu n n. Trn kin trc Core, Intel c mtcht nng cao v tnh nng ny bng cch to ra mt khi tin tm np tm kim cc mutrong d liu tm np thay v cc b ch th tnh ca d liu m CPU s yu cu tip theo.

II. NG DN D LIU 128 BIT BN TRONG

Mt tnh nng khc c trong kin trc Core l ng dn d liu 128 bit bn trong. Trongcc CPU trc, ng dn d liu bn trong ch c 64bit. y l mt vn i vi cc

ch lnh SSE, ch lnh c gi l XMM c di 128 bit. Chnh v vy khi thc thi mt chlnh bin i thnh 128 bit d liu th ton t ny c chia thnh hai ton t 64bit.

ng d liu 128 bit mi lm cho kin trc Core tr nn nhanh hn trong vic x l ccch lnh SSE c 128 bit d liu.

III. KIN TRC NH MI

Kin trc nh mi l k thut tng tc thc thi cc ch lnh c lin quan n b nh.

Tt c cc CPU ca Intel t Pentium Pro u c c ch khng tun theo trnh t (out-of-order), c ch ny cho php CPU c th thc thi cc ch lnh khng ph thuc theo bt cmt th t no. Nhng g xy ra vi cc ch lnh lin quan n b nh c thc thi theokiu truyn thng din ra theo mt th t ging ht vi th t chng xut hin trongchng trnh. Nhng g m c ch kin trc nh mi thc hin l nh v v thc thi ccch lnh c lin quan n b nh c th thc thi khng theo th t, tng tc thc thica chng trnh

Trong hnh 3, v d v mt CPU khng c c ch nh ny (ngha l tt c cc CPU khngc xy dng trn kin trc Core). Nh nhng g th nhn thy, CPU phi thc thi ccch lnh khi chng xut hin trong chng trnh gc. V d, ch lnh Load4 khng linquan ti bt k n b nh no v c th c thc thi trc, mc d vy n vn phi itt c cc ch lnh khc.


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Hnh 3.2: CPU khng c kin trc nh mi

Trong hnh 4, bn s thy cch chng trnh trong hnh 3 lm vic nh th no trn CPUc kin trc Core. N bit rng ch lnh Load4 khng c lin quan n cc ch lnhkhc v c th c thc thi trc.

Hnh 3.3: CPU vi c ch nh mi.

iu ny ci thin c hiu sut ca CPU v lc ny ch lnh Load4 s c thcthi ngay t u, CPU c d liu cn thit cho vic thc thi cc ch lnh khc cn n gitr X c thc thi.

Trong cc CPU thng thng, nu sau khi ch lnh Load4 ny c ch lnh Add 50,th ch lnh Add 50 (v tt c cc ch lnh khc ph thuc vo kt qu ) s phi icc ch lnh khc nh th hin trong hnh 3 c thc thi. Vi kin trc nh mi

ny, cc ch lnh c th c thc thi sm, v CPU lc ny s c c gi tr X tsm.

IV. IU CHNH TIT LU


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Vi vic iu chnh tit lu cng sut tin tin, kin trc Core lm tit kim c nhiunng lng tiu th hn so vi cc CPU trc . Tnh nng ny cho php CPU c th ttcc khi ang khng c s dng thi im . tng ny thm ch cn cho phpnhiu u vit hn v khi CPU c th tt cc phn c th bn trong mi khi CPU titkim nng lng, tn t cng sut v ci thin c thi gian s dng ca pin (trong

trng hp xt n cc CPU di ng).Mt kh nng tit kim nng lng khc ca kin trc Core l ch bt cc bit cn thittrong cc bus bn trong CPU. Nhiu bus bn trong ca CPU c kch thc mt cchcng knh v lng ph. Chnh v vy thay cho vic bt tt c v d 480 ln d liu ca mtbus no th CPU c th ch cn bt 32 ln d liu ca n, tt c cc d liu trong ln u cn thit cho vic truyn ti ch lnh 32bit.

V.B GII M CH LNH MACRO-FUSION

Mt khi nim mi c gii thiu trong kin trc Core l macro-fusion. Macro-fusion l kh nng gn (joining) hai ch lnh x86 vo thnh mt ch lnh micro-op. Cchlm ny c th ci thin c hiu sut ca CPU v tiu tn t nng lng ca CPU hnv n s ch thc thi mt ch lnh micro-op thay v hai.

Mc d vy c ch ny li b hn ch i vi cc ch lnh so snh v cc ch lnh rnhnh c iu kin (c ngha l cc ch lnh CMP v TEST v Jcc).B gii m ch lnh c trn kin trc Core c th gii m 4 ch lnh trn mt chu kclock, trong khi cc CPU trc nh Pentium M v Pentium 4 th ch c th gii mc n 3.

y b gii m ch lnh ca kin trc Core ko n 5 ch lnh mi ln vo hng i chlnh, thm ch n cn c th gii m n 4 ch lnh trn mt chu k clock. Chnh v vynu hai trong s 5 ch lnh c ni thnh mt th b gii m vn c th gii m bn chlnh trn mt chu k clock. V n s ch nhn ri cc b bt c khi no macro-fusion xy ra, ngha l b gii m s ch cung cp ba ch lnh ni micro-op u ra can trong khi c kh nng cung cp n bn.

VI. INTEL WIDE DYNAMIC EXECUTION

Nng cao tc v hiu qu thc thi chng trnh, pht ra nhiu lnh hn trong mt chuk ng h. Mi nhn c th hon thnh 2 lung x l (2 dng lnh) trong mi xungnhp. Nh vy, CPU Core 2 Duo c th hon thnh ti 4 lung x l (4 dng lnh) trongcng mt xung nhp, thay v ch c 3 lung x l nh CPU Core Duo, Pentium D,Pentium IV.


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VII . INTEL ADVANCED DIGITAL MEDIA BOOST. Tng tc 2 ln vng quay cacc dng lnh x l trn mi chu k ng h bng cch x l song song nhm lm tngkh nng x l ca CPU cho cc tc v: nghe, nhn, hnh nh v x l hnh nh, aphng tin, m ha, ti chnh, k thut v khoa hc v.v...

VIII. INTEL POWER INTELLIGENT CAPABILITYCng ngh ny cho php kch hot v tng tc x l ca h thng khi c nhu cu.Trong trng hp khng c nhu cu th h thng tr v trng thi ch (ging tnh nngStand by ca Windows) gip gim ng k in nng tiu th m khng nh hng nhiu sut hot ng ca ton h thng.

IX. INTEL QUIET SYSTEM TECHNOLOGYCng ngh gim ting n bng cm bin nhit k thut s mi (DTS) gip h thng chym hn, gim ti a ting n v tit kim nng lng v h thng bo mch ch ca Intels qun l nhit ca CPU v ch tng tc qut khi cn thit. iu ny rt tt cho cc

game th v h khng cn phi trang b thm h thng tn nhit (heatsink) hoc gn thmqut (fan) cho CPU. Cng ngh ny ch h tr CPU Core 2 Duo v bo mch ch sdng chipset Intel 965 Express.

X. INTEL VIRTUALIZATION TECHNOLOGYCng ngh o ha ny cho php mt nn tng phn cng cng 1 lc m khng s b ngvi cc h iu hnh khc ang chy trn nn tng phn cng . Trn mi h iu hnh,ngi dng c th ci cc phn mm khc nhau. i vi cc doanh nghip, IntelVirtualization Technology ci thin kh nng qun l, hn ch thi gian cht v duy trnng suat cho ngi s dng bng cch phn chia cc hot ng tnh ton thnh nhiuphn ring bit. Cng ngh ny hon ton khc so vi ch multi boot ca Windows,multi boot ch cho php 1 h iu hnh hot ng ti 1 thi iem, cn vi cng ngh oha th ngi dng c cho php chy nhiu h iu hnh cng mt lc. Cng ngh o hany i hi bo mch ch (mainboard), CPU, BIOS, driver (trnh iu khin thit b phncng), h iu hnh va phn mm phi h tr.

XI. EXECUTE DISABLE BIT 8. Execute Disable BitNng cao tnh bo mt v chng virus cho h thng mc cao khi c h tr ca h iuhnh. Execute Disable Bit cho php b nh c nh du l c th thc hin c hockhng th thc hin c, cho php CPU bo li cho h iu hnh nu c m lnh c no c chy trong phn b nh khng th hot ng c, nh m ngn m lnh nykhng gy nh hng n h thng. Cng ngh ny i hi ng thi c CPU v h iuhnh phi h tr Execute Disable Bit.


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KT LUN

Bi tiu lun gii thiu cc thng s k thut c bn, cc c im phn phn cngchnh ca dng my tnh dell insprision 1545 s dng chip core 2 duo - Mobile Intel PM45 Express. Bi vit nu ra cu trc bo mch ch ca my tnh , cha nng , c tnhk thut ca cc thnh phn nh chipset , bus , bios . Kin trc bn trong CPU cng

c trnh by. CPU bao gm khi c m lnh v tin gi m ,khi hng i lnh,Khigi m lnh ,khi rename /alloc,Cc khi thc thi ,khi cache . chc nng cc khi cngc ch r . phn cui cng trnh by cc c tnh cng ngh mi ca dng my tnh sdung chip core 2 duo nh . cc c tnh m cc dng i trc nh pentium M, pentiumIV, cha c .


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TI LIU THAM KHO

1. Trang Wikipedia.org2. Jack Doweck ,Intel Principal Engineer,Merom Lead Architect Intel Corporation

Inside IntelCoreMicroarchitecture and Smart Memory Access3. ti liu dch bn trong kin trc core4. Hong Xun Du bi ging kin trc my tnh 20105. roberts schematics document mainboard dell 1545 20096. Stephen Blair-Chappell, Technical Consulting Engineer Intel, Compiler Labs

Core Architecture 20077. din n internet

nhóm 1 - d09vt5 báo cáo ktmt

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