. -i

.

THE SPATIAL STRUCTURE OF

FOOD CONSUMPTION IN BRITAIN

A FEASIBILITY STUDY

WORKING PAPER

P.J. ATKINS

E.S.RC. Award No. ROOOZ32218

Department of Geography, Unlverslty of Durham, Durham DH1 3LEJune 1992

. 1

THE SPATIAL STRUcruRE OF

FOOD CONSUMPTION IN BRITAIN:

A FEASIBILITY STUDY

WORKING PAPER

P.J. ATKINS

E.S.R.C. Award No. R000232218

Department or Geography, University or Durham, Durham DHl 3LEJune 1992

1

I

UK Data Archive Study Number 2189 - National Food Survey, 1984

THE SPATIAL STRUcruRE OF

FOOD CONSUMPTION IN BRITAIN:

A FEASIBILITY STUDY

WORKING PAPER

P.J. ATKINS

E.S.R.C. Award No. R000232218

Department or Geography, University or Durham, Durham DHI 3LE June 1992

1 1

Introduction

The lImIted obJ~-ctIves of the research were as follows

1 To establIsh a food and nutrItIon database at Durham whIch WIll In future enablethe testIng of food-related hypotheses of slgmflcance to socIal theory

2 To explore the possIbIlIty of lInkIng natIOnal-scale longItudInal data sets ofrelevance to food and consumptIon behaVIOur

The follOWIng data sets have been acquIred1 NatIonal Food Survey, MInIstry of AgrIculture, FIsherIes and Food

1979 ESRC Data ArchIve study no 19311980 19321981 18831982 7031983 20471984 21891985 23421986 24111987 25811988 26831989 2725

2 DIet In the Home, 1969 SOCIal Surveys (Gallup Poll) Ltd ESRC Data ArchIvestudy no 2445

3 NEDO EatIng Out Survey, 1974 SOCIal Surveys (Gallup Poll) Ltd ESRC DataArchIve study no 2454

4 FamIly ExpendIture Survey, 1988 ESRC Data ArchIve study no 2683 FES1979-87 and 1989 are on order

5 Access was gaIned to the Department of Employment's Natlonal OnlIneManpower InformatIon System

6 Royal SocIety of Chemlstry!MInlstry of AgrIculture's UK NatIonal NutrIentDatabank

Overall thIS constltutes a substantlal archIve of data on varIOUS aspects of food purchaseand consumptIon behaVIOur I would be very happy to dIscuss thIS data WIth any otherInterested researchers

National Food SurveyThe MImstry of AgrIculture's NatIonal Food Survey IS an annual survey of the foodconsumptIon behaVIOur of a sample of approXImately 7,700 households In each round,52 local authOrIty dIstrIcts are chosen as the first level of a stratIfIed sample, the secondlevel of whIch IS 800 postal sectors These data are used to characterIze the householdfood expendIture and consumptIOn patterns In each of the Standard RegIOns, and also

. 2

Introduction

The lImIted obJ~-ctIves of the research were as follows

1 To establIsh a food and nutrItIon database at Durham whIch wIll In future enable the testIng of food-related hypotheses of slgmflcance to socIal theory

2 To explore the possIbIlIty of lInkIng natIOnal-scale longItudInal data sets of relevance to food and consumptIon behaVIOur

The follOWIng data sets have been acquIred 1 NatIonal Food Survey, MInIStry of AgrIculture, FIsherIes and Food

1979 ESRC Data ArchIve study no 1931 1980 1932 1981 1883 1982 703 1983 2047 1984 2189 1985 2342 1986 2411 1987 2581 1988 2683 1989 2725

2 DIet In the Home, 1969 SOCIal Surveys (Gallup Poll) Ltd ESRC Data ArchIve study no 2445

3 NEDO EatIng Out Survey, 1974 SOCIal Surveys (Gallup Poll) Ltd ESRC Data ArchIve study no 2454

4 FamIly ExpendIture Survey, 1988 ESRC Data ArchIve study no 2683 FES 1979-87 and 1989 are on order

5 Access was gaIned to the Department of Employment's Natlonal Onhne Manpower InformatIon System

6 Royal SocIety of Chemlstry!MInlstry of AgrIculture's UK NatIonal NutrIent Databank

Overall thIS constltutes a substantlal archIve of data on varIOUS aspects of food purchase and consumptIon behaVIOur I would be very happy to dISCUSS thIS data WIth any other Interested researchers

National Food Survey The MImstry of AgrIculture's NatIonal Food Survey IS an annual survey of the food consumptIon behaVIOur of a sample of approXImately 7,700 households In each round, 52 local authOrIty dIstrICts are chosen as the first level of a stratIfIed sample, the second level of whIch IS 800 postal sectors These data are used to characterIze the household food expendIture and consumptIOn patterns In each of the Standard RegIOns, and also

. 2

In London and the Metropohtan Dlstncts It is these macro level statIstics whIch arepubhshed (MInistry of Agnculture, Annual) The raw NFS data IS avaIlable from theESRC Data Archive and IS held at Durham for 1979-89 Further, pre-1979, tlffie-senesdata IS In the flIes of the M A F F but IS confidential and dIfficult of access The N F Sstarted In a different form In 1940 (BaInes, 1991) and the full senes IS a very sIgDlflcantresource

The NatIOnal Food Survey IS available at the Parhamentary Constituency level until 1983,and thereafter for local authonty dlstncts In the penod 1979-89, 219 constituencIes outof 650 and 156 dlstncts out of 485 were sampled and data recorded In machIne-readableform This affords the researcher a detailed picture of local diet, which can be analysedIn three ways

a) Food purchases In 348 categones (value and quantity) can be studied agaInst thefollOWIng Independent vanables

type of area (metropohtanl non metropohtan,density of population),household composItIon,Income,occupatlOnal status,energy expenditure category at work,social class,ownership of dwelhng,welfare benefit status,season

b) The nutntlOnal content of each household's food purchases can be calculated uSIDgthe Royal Society of ChemIstry's standard composItIon tables, whIch are available IDmachIne readable form This can then be compared WIth the DHSS RecommendedDally Allowances to Judge geographical vanatIons In under/over nutntIon

c) USIng a simple geographical mformatIon system It IS possible to produce computermaps of both raw and maDlpulated data

The contract work undertaken was as follows1 The data were supphed by the Data Archive as flat files In SPSSX format onmagnetic tapes The cost of documentation, tape and postage was very reasonable, WIththe M A F F 's royalty, at 50 per annum, the most slgmflcant Item

2 The IndiVIdual annual data fdes were copied to diSC on the Umverslty of Durham'smaInframe Amdahl5860 computer An Immediate problem encountered was the sheervolume of data Durham's normal resource hmlt of memory IS 500 'pages' of diSC space,with a majOr hmlt of 10,000 pages Each year of NFS data represents 3-4,000 pages andthe full 1979-89 senes therefore totalled 38,500 pages With a full archive back-up(hence a grand total of 77K pages, which equals 0 3Gb), thiS was very substantiallybeyond normal hmlts Durham's computIng environment IS due for a complete changeIn June 1992, with a change from MTS to UNIX

3

In London and the Metropohtan Dlstncts It is these macro level statIstics whIch are pubhshed (MInistry of Agnculture, Annual) The raw NFS data IS avadable from the ESRC Data Archive and IS held at Durham for 1979-89 Further, pre-1979, tlffie-senes data IS In the fIles of the M A F F but IS confidentIal and dlff!cult of access The N F S started In a different form In 1940 (Balnes, 1991) and the full senes IS a very slgDlflcant resource

The NatIOnal Food Survey IS avaIlable at the Parhamentary Constituency level until 1983, and thereafter for local authonty dlstncts In the penod 1979-89, 219 constituenCIes out of 650 and 156 dlstncts out of 485 were sampled and data recorded In machine-readable form This affords the researcher a detailed picture of local diet, which can be analysed m three ways

a) Food purchases In 348 categories (value and quantity) can be studied against the followmg Independent vanables

type of area (metropohtan/ non metropohtan, denSity of population), household compOSItion, Income, occupatlOnal status, energy expenditure category at work, social class, ownershIp of dwelhng, welfare benefIt status, season

b) The nutntlOnal content of each household's food purchases can be calculated uSing the Royal Society of ChemIstry's standard composItion tables, whIch are available In machine readable form ThIs can then be compared WIth the DHSS Recommended Dally Allowances to Judge geographical vanatlons In under/over nutntlon

c) USing a Simple geographical informatIon system It IS pOSSIble to produce computer maps of both raw and maDlpulated data

The contract work undertaken was as follows 1 The data were supplied by the Data ArchIve as flat files In SPSSX format on magnetic tapes The cost of documentatIon, tape and postage was very reasonable, WIth the M A F F 's royalty, at 50 per annum, the most slgDlflcant Item

2 The indiVIdual annual data fdes were copied to diSC on the UDlverslty of Durham's mainframe Amdahl5860 computer An Immediate problem encountered was the sheer volume of data Durham's normal resource hmlt of memory IS 500 'pages' of diSC space, With a major hmlt of 10,000 pages Each year of NFS data represents 3-4,000 pages and the full 1979-89 senes therefore totalled 38,500 pages With a full archive back-up (hence a grand total of 77K pages, which equals 0 3Gb), thiS was very substantIally beyond normal hmlts Durham's computing envlTonment IS due for a complete change In June 1992, With a change from MTS to UNIX

3

3 The data were read mto the package program SPSSX, whIch has proved anmvaluable tool of analysIs Most time has been spent on data provmg and mvestlgatlon,wIthout any sub~!antlve exploratory statistical analysIs that IS reserved for a later phaseof the research - Several puzzles arose over the meanmg of sectIOns m tile codebooksupphed by the Data ArchIve, but most of these were cleared up by reference to the staffof the NFS, who have been very helpful It seems that some recoded vanables, whIchwere created for some specIal analytical purposes In the past, have been retained In thecodebook when their structure and relevance was no longer clear See AppendIces 1 and2 for further detaJls

4 Mlspunches can be Identified faIrly easJly and a future task WIll be to clean the datawhere necessary Some problems In reading at least one vanable In the raw data seemto have been encountered by the Data ArchIve's software The solutIOn to thIS problemIS less obvIOUS

5 The NFS data wIll shortly be avaJlable m the form of a database whIch can bemterrogated by SIR, a commercIal relational database program whIch has been adoptedby the M A F F Unfortunately the Umverslty of Durham has no plans to acquIre SIRand research wIll therefore continue uSing SPSSX and dBase IV, neIther of whIch ISIdeal, or the relational package INGRES

6 The structure of the NFS data IS complex In ArchIVe- generated record type 1 thereIS household information, In 1979 7277 cases x 57 vanables ThIs Included regIOn, area,famJly Income, ownershIp of fndge/freezer, etc In record type 2, the level of themdlVldual person, there were m 1979 28,055 cases x 10 vanables, mcludmg baSICmformatlon on age, sex, occupation, and activIty In record type 3 m 1979 there waspurchase data on 369,784 Items x 8 vanables Here type, quantIty and cost of purchaseswere recorded Levels 2 and 3 nest mto level 1 and SPSSX routines have to be wnttento relate the dIfferent levels

Other Data Sets(a) DIet In the Home was a survey carned out m 1969 by SOCIal Surveys (Gallup Poll)Ltd The aun was to !1st everythmg eaten at home dunng the survey day 75 questIonswere asked, rangmg across a WIde spectrum of foods and consumptIon behaVIour Thesurvey resembles those stili used by market research compames, although there were noquestIons on quantities consumed

(b) The NEDO Eating Out Survey, 1974, conducted by SOCIal Surveys (Gallup Poll) Ltdwas an enquIry Into the snacks, meals and dnnks consumed away from home 69questions were asked and a dIary completed

(c) The FamJly ExpendIture Survey IS an annual survey of the Income, payment andexpendIture behaVIOur of a sample of 7,700 households Unfortunately access to dataat the sub-regIOnal IS not pOSSIble The computer tapes wJlI soon be loaded m Durhamfor 1979-89, and the years 1961-1978 (14 studIes) are also avadable at the ESRC DataArchIve The FES IS a nch source of informatIon about household strucmre, Income,welfare benefIt stams, SOCIal class, occupatIOnal status, and expendIture on 64 food Items(mcludmg meals out)

4

3 The data were read mto the package program SPSSX, whIch has proved an mvaluable tool of analysIs Most time has been spent on data provmg and mvestlgatlon, wIthout any sub~!antlve exploratory statistical analysIs that IS reserved for a later phase of the research - Several puzzles arose over the meanmg of sections m the codebook supphed by the Data ArchIve, but most of these were cleared up by reference to the staff of the NFS, who have been very helpful It seems that some recoded vanables, whIch were created for some specIal analytIcal purposes m the past, have been re tamed m the codebook when theIr structure and relevance was no longer clear See AppendIces 1 and 2 for further detaJis

4 Mlspunches can be Identified faIrly easJly and a future task WIll be to clean the data where necessary Some problems m readmg at least one vanable m the raw data seem to have been encountered by the Data ArchIve's software The solutIOn to thIS problem IS less obvIOUS

5 The NFS data wJlI shortly be avaJlable m the form of a database whIch can be mterrogated by SIR, a commercIal relational database program whIch has been adopted by the M A F F Unfortunately the Umverslty of Durham has no plans to acquIre SIR and research wJiI therefore contmue usmg SPSSX and dBase IV, neIther of whIch IS Ideal, or the relational package INGRES

6 The structure of the NFS data IS complex In ArchIVe- generated record type 1 there IS household mformatlOn, m 1979 7277 cases x 57 vanables ThIs mcluded regIOn, area, famJly mcome, ownershIp of fndge/freezer, etc In record type 2, the level of the mdlVldual person, there were m 1979 28,055 cases x 10 vanables, mcludmg basIc mformatlon on age, sex, occupation, and activIty In record type 3 m 1979 there was purchase data on 369,784 Items x 8 vanables Here type, quantity and cost of purchases were recorded Levels 2 and 3 nest mto level 1 and SPSSX routmes have to be wntten to relate the dIfferent levels

Other Data Sets (a) DIet m the Home was a survey carned out m 1969 by SocIal Surveys (Gallup Poll) Ltd The aun was to hst everythmg eaten at home dunng the survey day 75 questIons were asked, rangmg across a WIde spectrum of foods and consumptIon behavIOur The survey resembles those still used by market research compames, although there were no questions on quantities consumed

(b) The NEDO Eatmg Out Survey, 1974, conducted by SocIal Surveys (Gallup Poll) Ltd was an enquIry mto the snacks, meals and dnnks consumed away from home 69 questions were asked and a diary completed

(c) The FamIly Expenditure Survey IS an annual survey of the mcome, payment and expendIture behavIOur of a sample of 7,700 households Unfortunately access to data at the sub-regIOnal IS not possIble The computer tapes wJlI soon be loaded m Durham for 1979-89, and the years 1961-1978 (14 studIes) are also avaJlable at the ESRC Data ArchIve The FES IS a nch source of mformatlon about household structure, mcome, welfare benefIt status, social class, occupatIOnal status, and expenditure on 64 food Items (mcludmg meals out)

4

(d) The NatIOnal Onhne Manpower InfonnatIOn System IS a natIonally networkedcomputer database offenngrapld access and mtegrated analysIs for data from the Censusof Employment, unemployment statIstIcs, and the 1981 populatIOn census The data ISavaIlable at a number of different geographIcal scales and can be mampulated, mappedand downloaded NOMIS IS part of the Department of Geography, Umverslty ofDurham, and I have become a registered user with a current Department ofEmployment 'notIce' and the authorIty to 'download' data from NOMIS The ablhty toexport data from NOMIS IS essentIal for the next stage of my project It IS possIble tomvestlgate NOMIS data on a number of 'geographles' and from my pomt of view themost Important ale the parliamentary constituencies and local authonty dlstncts for NFSdata, and the standard regIOns for the FES Unfortunately the NOMIS parliamentaryconstItuency boundalles are those current (the 1983 reVISIOn) and therefore of limiteduse tor the 1979-83 NFS From 1984 onwards the NFS used local authonty dlstnctboundanes and It IS a relatively sImple task to link NFS data wIth NOMIS vanables onthe same geographIcal frame, such as the Census of Employment by the 1980 StandardIndustnal ClasslflcatJOn, the 1981 PopulatJOn Census, populatIOn by occupatIOn m the10% sample, the Small Area Stalislics 1981, and certam unemployment data

(e) NutntIonal Software After extensive enqumes about the avaIlable dletetIc/nutntIoncomputer programs on the market, It was decIded that none SUited the purposes of theproject exactly Most mterestmg IS the Royal Society of Chemlstry/Mmlstry ofAgnculture's UK NatIonal Nutnent Databank ThIS IS an updated, expanded andmachme-readable fonn of the standard work by McCance & Wlddowson on ThecompositIOn of foods A year's licence for thiS databank has been purchased, butunfortunately the data IS not yet available m the form accessible by database programssuch as dBase IV It will therefore be necessary to wnte some software to enable theuse of thiS data The objectIve will be to allow the translatIon of NFS data mto mapsof nutntIOnal mtake and therefore help to Identify areas and groups of people W1thmareas who may be at nsk of malnutntlon This work IS still at a very early stage ofdevelopment I have been mfonned that the Mmlstry of Agnculture's customisedprogrammes, whIch perform a sImilar function for the regJOnal level, are not availablefor public use

(f) Market research data There are a number of market research compames whIchhave detailed purchasmg behavIour databases with a spatIal content, compiled throughregularly updated panel surveys and questIOnnalTes (Bnush LIbrary, 1989) Examplesare the Bntlsh Market Research Bureau's Target Group Index whIch IS comptled from24,000 questIOnnaires per year at 3,500 locatIOns, askmg questIons on 3,000 brands ofgoods (mcludmg many m the food sector) Others mclude Nielsen Onhne, theSuperpanel (Audits of Great Bntam Ltd), and the Family Food Panel (Taylor NelsonResearch)

5,950

12,2502,100

Enqumes were made about the Bntlsh Market Research Bureau's Target Group IndexCurrent data costs areFood dataLifestyle dataCHOICES, the computer software for analysmg the data

5

(d) The NatIOnal Onhne Manpower InfonnatIOn System IS a natIonally networked computer database offenngrapld access and mtegrated analysIs for data from the Census of Employment, unemployment statIstIcs, and the 1981 populatIOn census The data IS available at a number of different geographical scales and can be mampulated, mapped and downloaded NOMIS IS part of the Department of Geography, Umverslty of Durham, and I have become a registered user with a current Department of Employment 'notice' and the authonty to 'download' data from NOMIS The ablhty to export data from NOMIS IS essential for the next stage of my project It IS pOSSIble to mvestlgate NOMIS data on a number of 'geographles' and from my pomt of vIew the most Important ale the parliamentary constituenCies and local authonty dlstncts for NFS data, and the standard regions for the FES Unfortunately the NOMIS parliamentary constItuency boundalles are those current (the 1983 reVISIOn) and therefore of limited use tor the 1979-83 NFS From 1984 onwards the NFS used local authonty dlstnct boundarIes and It IS a relatively sImple task to link NFS data wIth NOMIS vanables on the same geographical frame, such as the Census of Employment by the 1980 Standard Industnal ClassIfIcatIOn, the 1981 PopulatIOn Census, populatIOn by occupatIOn m the 10% sample, the Small Area Statistics 1981, and certam unemployment data

(e) NutntIonal Software After extensive enqulTles about the available dletetIc/nutntIon computer programs on the market, It was decided that none SUited the purposes of the project exactly Most mterestIng IS the Royal Society of Chemistry/MInistry of Agnculture's UK National NutrIent Databank ThIS IS an updated, expanded and machme-readable fonn of the standard work by McCance & Wlddowson on The compOSitIOn of foods A year's licence for thiS databank has been purchased, but unfortunately the data IS not yet available In the form accessible by database programs such as dBase IV It will therefore be necessary to wnte some software to enable the use of thIS data The objective wIll be to allow the translatIon of NFS data Into maps of nutrItIOnal mtake and therefore help to Identify areas and groups of people Wlthm areas who may be at nsk of malnutntlon This work IS stili at a very early stage of development I have been Infonned that the Mmlstry of Agnculture's customised programmes, which perform a simIlar function for the regional level, are not avaIlable for public use

(f) Market research data There are a number of market research compames which have detailed purchasmg behaViour databases with a spatial content, compiled through regularly updated panel surveys and questIOnnalTeS (Bntlsh Library, 1989) Examples are the Bntlsh Market Research Bureau's Target Group Index which IS compIled from 24,000 questIOnnaires per year at 3,500 locatIOns, aslong questIOns on 3,000 brands of goods (IncludIng many m the food sector) Others mclude Nielsen Onhne, the Superpanel (Audits of Great Bntam Ltd), and the Family Food Panel (Taylor Nelson Research)

Enqumes were made about the Bntlsh Market Research Bureau's Target Group Index Current data costs are Food data Lifestyle data CHOICES, the computer software for analysmg the data

5

12,250 2,100

5,950

The T G I IS also available III book form, at 500 for 34 volumes for 1987, or at anIllspectIOn fee of 1,000 to view the hlstonc senes of volumes which goes back to 1970

These costs were prohibitIVe In the context of the present proJect, but future researchought to take cogmsance of market research data for the wealth of locatIonally-specificmformatIOn It offers

Future work plannedThis project has been lImited m ItS scope to data acquISItion and prelImmarymvestIgatIOn As a result of the contract work undertaken, the present mvestIgator ISnow convmced that there IS a great deaJ of relevant and very valuable work possible msubsequent phases The followmg are some obVIOUS research themes

(I) To model the NFS data statIstIcally The aim here wouJd be to mvestIgate theexplanatory power of the vanables which are most frequently asserted as determmIngdIetary behaVIour The possIbll!tIes for LhlS project are Income; socIal class;employment status, household demographiC structure, retail pnce vanatlons lD relatIOnto overall cost of hVlDg, and other factors, eg ownership of a freezer, age of housewife,etc The expectatIon IS that there wlll be an Important residual regional andsub-regIOnal pattern which wlll have to be explamed by resort to other factors

(11) To Investigate temporal trends In the NFS data Changes through tIme and acrossspace must be allowed for m the statIstIcal analysIs In order to prepare a statIc pooledmodel of the penod 1979-89, but the objectIve In thiS part of the research wlll be ratherto use that trend data to predict future patterns of food purchases and consumptlonHere, conclusIOns wlll be pitched at the scale of the standard regIOn for techmcal reasonsof statistical rehablhty aSSOCiated with the NFS samphng strategy The conclusIOns couldbe enhanced by tnangulatIon with the FES which IS collected at that same regIOnal level

(m) To theonze the results from the analysIs of the empmcal data In BntalD foodconsumption, diet and nutntlOnal status have received msufflclent attentIon m SOCialtheory Much of the growlDg lIterature on the spatial structures of SOCial relations, forlDstance, relates to spatIal diVISions of labour and theIT consequences for changes mproduction relationships Far less attention has been devoted to geographical structuresproduced by and eVidenced ID the consumptIon process The demand Side of the foodsystem can tell us a great deal about the dynamiC of SOCial differentIatIon To thiS endI wish to analyse the changIng household demand for food In tIme and space, reveahngwhat one might call 'diVISIOns of consumptIOn'

(IV) PolIcy ImplIcations of futUle work1 This work would proVide polIcy makers with a valuable tool for cahbratmg theirIdeas NatIonwide polICies are expensive to Implement thiS research could show theextent to which local/regIOnal targetIng IS necessary/desITable Mrs EdwIna Curne wouldno doubt have welcomed such detailed Information when makmg her comments on the'northern' diet

6

The T G I IS also available m book form, at 500 for 34 volumes for 1987, or at an mspectIOn fee of 1,000 to view the hlstonc senes of volumes which goes back to 1970

These costs were prohibitIVe m the context of the present proJect, but future research ought to take cogmsance of market research data for the wealth of locatIon ally-specific mformatIOn It offers

Future work planned This project has been lImited m ItS scope to data acquJSItlon and prelImIDary IDvestIgatIOn As a result of the contract work undertaken, the present mvestIgator IS now convmced that there IS a great deal of relevant and very valuable work possible ID subsequent phases The folIowmg are some obVIOUS research themes

(I) To model the NFS data statIstIcally The aim here would be to mvestIgate the explanatory power of the vanables which are most frequently asserted as determmmg dIetary behaVIour The poss!bd!t!es for LhlS project are Income; socIal class; employment status, household demographiC structure, retaIl pnce vanatlons m relation to overall cost of hvmg, and other factors, eg ownership of a freezer, age of housewife, etc The expectatIon IS that there wdl be an Important reSidual regional and sub-regIOnal pattern which wIll have to be explamed by resort to other factors

(11) To IDvestlgate temporal trends ID the NFS data Changes through tIme and across space must be allowed for ID the statIstIcal analYSIS m order to prepare a statIc pooled model of the penod 1979-89, but the objectIve ID thiS part of the research wIll be rather to use that trend data to predict future patterns of food purchases and consumptIon Here, conclUSIOns wdl be pitched at the scale of the standard region for techmcal reasons of statistical relIabilIty aSSOCiated With the NFS samplIng strategy The conclUSions could be enhanced by tnangulatIon With the FES whIch IS collected at that same regIOnal level

(111) To theonze the results from the analYSIS of the empmcal data In BntalD food consumptIOn, diet and nutntIOnal status have received IDsufilclent attentIon ID SOCial theory Much of the growlDg lIterature on the spatIal structures of SOCial relations, for mstance, relates to spatIal diVISions of labour and theIT consequences for changes m productton relationshIps Far less attention has been devoted to geographical structures produced by and eVidenced m the consumptIon process The demand SIde of the food system can tell us a great deal about the dynamiC of SOCial differentIatIon To thiS end I Wish to analyse the changmg household demand for food m time and space, revealIng what one might call 'diVISIOns of consumptIOn'

(IV) PolIcy ImplIcatIons of futUle work 1 This work would proVide polIcy makers With a valuable tool for calIbratmg thelf Ideas NatIonWide polICies are expensIve to Implement thiS research could show the extent to which local/regIOnal targetmg IS necessary/desITable Mrs Edwma Curne would no doubt have welcomed such detailed mformatIOn when makmg her comments on the 'northern' diet

6

2 It should also be possible to use the detrended spatial model of food consumptiOnto look at the regiOnal health Imphcations of diet This food-health hnk IS commg to thetop of the polItical agenda, as recogmsed by the government m th,.eu white paper TheHealth of the NatIOn pubhshed m June 1991, when tney IIDplIcate the nation's diet mcommon diseases such as coronary heart disease, stroke and some cancers

3 In future I mtend to delve further mto the SOCial theory of diet by extendmg thescope of the work to the whole of the EC I hope to estabhsh contacts With contmentalcolleagues workmg on food systems

ReferencesBames, A (1991) How the NatiOnal Food Survey began, m Slater (1991) 17-23Bntish Library Busmess Information Service (1989) Market research a guIde to BntlSh

Llblary holdmgs London Bntlsh Library, SCience Reference and InformationService

Mlmstry of Agnculture, Flshenes and Food (Annual) HOttSeholdfood consumptIOn andexpenditure London HMS 0

Slater, J M (Ed )(1991) fifty years of the NatIOnal Food Survey, 1940-1990 LondonHMSO

APPENDICES

1 List of vanables In the National Food Survey data sets (1979-89) depoSited Withthe E SRC Data Archive

2 Vanable lImits

3 Parhamentary constituencies used m the National Food Survey samphng frame,1979-1983, With map

4 Local Authonty DistriCts used m the Nal10nal Food Survey samphng frame, 1984-1989, With map

7

2 It should also be possible to use the detrended spatial model of food consumptIOn to look at the regIOnal health Imphcabons of diet This food-health hnk IS commg to the top of the political agenda, as recogmsed by the government m th,.eu white paper The Health of the NatIOn pubhshed m June 1991, when tney lIDphcate the nation's diet m common diseases such as coronary heart disease, stroke and some cancers

3 In future I mtend to delve further mto the SOCial theory of diet by extendmg the scope of the work to the whole of the EC I hope to estabhsh contacts With contmental colleagues workmg on food systems

References Bames, A (1991) How the NatIOnal Food Survey began, m Slater (1991) 17-23 Bntlsh Library Busmess InformatlOn Service (1989) Market research a guIde to BntlSh

Llblary holdmgs London Bntlsh Library, SCience Reference and Informatlon Service

Mmlstry of Agnculture, Flshenes and Food (Annual) HOttSeholdfood consumptIOn and expenditure London HMS 0

Slater, J M (Ed )(1991) fifty years of the NatIOnal Food Survey, 1940-1990 London HMSO

APPENDICES

1 List of vanables ID the Natlonal Food Survey data sets (1979-89) depoSited With the E SRC Data Archive

2 Vanable limits

3 Parhamentary consbtuencles used m the National Food Survey samphng frame, 1979-1983, With map

4 Local Authonty DistriCts used m the National Food Survey samplmg frame, 1984-1989, With map

7

AppendIX 1: LIst of NFS varIables

Var Columns12-5

1 6-72 8-9

3 10-11

~ 12-1J

5 1~6 l5-1b

7 17-18

8 19

9 20-21

10 22

11 2312 24

13 25

1-1 26

15 27-28

16 2917 30-31

18 32-33

Var NameBLOCKHOlJSEHNOREGIONAREA

CYCLE

SERIAL"O

SAMPLEHCOMP

INCGRAD

SOCCLASS

SEGROUP

OWNDW

HWIFEAGEHOHAGE

FRIDGE

PROFESSN

INCELAS

FAMINCINTVWDAT

PERSONS

DescrIptIonl=tlr~t of three data blocksHousehold IdentIfIer numberStandard regIon ICodebook AppendIx BlConstItuency/Local AuthorIty DIstrIct(Codebook ~ppendl~ EiTen day 'Sample perIods (Code book..\ppendlx DISerIal no of household Inconstl tllenc~'T~pe of area code (Codebook SectIon A)HOllseho Id compos 1 t Ion (Codebook SectIonBlGross weekly Income of head ofhOllsehold, except that If the grossweekly Income (earned or unearned) ofthe HOH IS less than the lowestthreshold (56 In 1979, 120 In 1989),and the household contaIns one or moreearners, one at least of whom has awpekly Income over that threshold, thenINCGRAD based on gross weekly Income ofthe prIncIpal earner and CROSSOVERpunGhed '1'. I Code book Sect Ion A)RegIstrar General's socIal classICodebook SectIon BI. Aggregated fromOCCUPATN (Codebook AppendIx A)Reg 1st rar General's soc 10-economlC groupICodebook SectIon Bl. Aggregated fromOCCVPATN (Codebook AppendIx A)OwnershIp of dwellIng (Codebook SectIonAl~ge of housewIfe (Codebook SectIon B)~ge ot head of household (CodeOQQKSectIon BlRefrIgerator and/or freezer, and/ormIcrowave In householdSoclo-econ groupIng [should be sImpleaggregatIon of SOCCLASS, but doesn I tseem to match] (Codebook SectIon B)GroupIng of households for IncomeelastIcIty calculatIons [code onlyallocated to households declarIng a netfamIly Income; other households codedO. So does not dIrectly correspond toHCOMP because of 1 telll 0] (CodebookSectIon BlFamIly Income type (Code book SectIon A)Date ( In month I of IntervIew(1-31)(Codebook SectIon A)Total number of persons In householdI excludIng vIsItors) durIng survey week(Codebook SectIon Al

8

Var Columns 1 2-5

1 6-7 2 8-9

3

5 6

7

8

9

10

11 12

13

15

16 17

18

10-11

12-1J

1-! 15-1b

17-18

19

20-21

22

23 24

25

26

27-28

29 30-31

32-33

AppendIX 1: LIst of NFS varIables

Var Name BLOCK HOlJSEHNO REGION AREA

CYCLE

SERIAL"O

SAMPLE HCOMP

INCGRAD

SOCCLASS

SEGROUP

OWNDW

HWIFEAGE HOHAGE

FRIDGE

PROFESSN

INCELAS

FAMINC INTVWDAT

PERSONS

DescrIptIon l=tlr~t of three data blocks Household ~dentlfler number Standard regIon ICodebook AppendIx Bl Constltuency/Local AuthorIty DIstrIct (Codebook ~ppendl~ Ten day 'Sample ..\ppendlx Dl Serlal no of constltuency

Si perIods 1 Codebook

household In

T;pe of area code ICodebook SectIon Al Househo Id compos 1 t Ion 1 Code book SectIon Bl Gross weekly Income of head of household, except that If the gross weekly Income (earned or unearned) of the HOH IS less than the lowest threshold 156 In 1979, 120 In 1989), and the household contaIns one or more earners, one at least of whom has a wpekly Income over that threshold, then INCGRAD based on gross weekly Income of the prlnclpal earner and CROSSOVER punGhed '1'. 1 Code book Sect lon A) Reglstrar General's soclal class ICodebook Sectlon B). Aggregated from OCCUPATN ICodebook Appendlx A) Reg l.st rar General's soc 10-eConoml.C group ICodebook Sectl.on Bl. Aggregated from OCCVPATN ICodebook Appendl.x A) Ownershl.p of dwellIng (Codebook Sectl.on Al ~ge of housewl.fe (Codebook Sectl.on B) ~ge ot head of household (CodebQQK Sectl.on Bl RefrIgerator and/or freezer, and/or ml.crowave In household Socl.o-econ groupl.ng [should be sl.mple aggregatl.on of SOCCLASS, but doesn't seem to match] (Codebook SectIon BI Groupl.ng of households for l.ncome elastlCl.ty calculatl.ons [code only allocated to households declarIng a net faml.ly Income; other households coded O. So does not dl.rectly correspond to HCOMP because of 1. telll 01 1 Code book Sectl0n Bl Faml.ly Income type (Code book Sectl.on A) Date ( l.n month I of InterVl.ew (1-311(Codebook SectIon AI Total number of persons l.n household I excludl.ng Vl.Sl. tors I durl.ng survey week (Codebook Sectl.on A)

8

Heads of Householdhousewivescomposition x income groupsCode book Section B.composition x income groups,

Code book Section B. Notsplit into HCOMPIGA and

19

20

21

22232425

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

3334

353637

38

3942

4344

4546

47

3 1

35

36-37

383940H-42

43-44

45

46

47

48

49

50

5152-53

545556-57

58-59

60-6162-63

64-6566-67

68-6970-71

72

TPDECINC

PREGNO

MONTH

BENEFITCROSSOVROAP,\DULHl

ADULTF

AGE6

AGE5

AGE4

AGE3

AGE2

AGEl

VISITORSEARNERS

HOHNOHWIFENOHCOMPIG

HCOMPIGA

HCOMPIGBSAMPIGl

SAMPIG2SAMPHCl

SAMPHC2SAMPREG

SPARE

Persons in household with a declaredfamily income [very different fromEARNERS because in TPDECINC largenumbers did not declare 1(CodebookSection BINumber of pregnant women [in effect thenumber of households with pregnantwoman/womenJ(Codebook Section B)IIJanl-12(Dec) [use in combination withINTVWDATJICodebook Section AlCodebook Section ACross-over HOH (Codebook Section AlNumber of OAPs (Codebook Section BlNumber of adul t males (Codebook SectionBINumber of adult females (CodebookSection BlNumber of children aged 16-17 (CodebookSection HINumbar of children aged 12-15 (CodebookSection BlNumber of children aged 8-11 (CodebookSection BlNumber of children aged 5-7 (CodebookSection BlNumber of children aged 1-4 (CodebookSection BlNumber of children aged

-I \J

50

515J

5~

:i5

558

56

57

5961

62

123I4a5

67

123

4

73

7~

75-76

7771:l-82

83-86

87-90

91

\J2-95

%-100

101-102103

104-107

12-56-78-10111213-161718-19

2021-23

12-56-891011-12

13-15

SOECSEG

SOECHC

ENPLHOH

~PARE

EXPEND

TOTFHINC'

HOHOCCPN

OCCACT

HOHDIC

IotKPURCH

YEARFREEPUR

TOTNETBL

BLOCKHOUSEHNOPERSONNOAGESEXWORKCODEOCCUPATNACTIVITYNUTRCODE

VISITORNETBAL

BLOCKHOUSEHNOPURCHNODAYSURVDAYWEEKPURCHCOD

FOODCODE

Soc1o-econom1c group1ng.NoL clear what tIllS IS. Does notcorrespond to SOCCLASS.Household compOSI t10n. Not clear.Does not correspond to HCOMP.1979-82 spare, then 1983 onwards becomesemployment stdtUS of HOH. Codebook'

Fam11y e>.pend1 tu re 1n preVIOUS "eek(food on1 y I. Recall estImate requestedat fIrst bUIVe)' meetIng. CodebookSectIon B.Total weekly net famIly 1ncome.Codebook Sect10n B.Occupat1on of HOH, as 11.sted 1n CodebookAppend1.'- A.ACt1V1.ty level of males aged 18-64.Codebook Sect10n Band Append1.x A.Gross weekl~- Income of HOH or prlnc1palearner. Codebook SectIon B.Total purchase value for "eek.Accurate, d1ary-based t1.gure. CodebookSect10n B.Code book Sect1.on ~.Famll1.es reCeIV1.ng free food. CodebookSect10ns Band C.Total net balance. Code book Sect1.on Aand B.

2=lnd1.v1.dual person data.Housahold number.Code number of each person 1.n household.Person's age In years.

Work1.ng code. Code book Sect1.on A.Occupat10n code. Code book Append1.x A.ActIVIty level of males aged 18-64Nutr1.ent codes for each person(IncludIng VISItors I based on sex and/orage and, In case of males 18-64, degreeof actIVIty.

Net balance for each person.

J=Purchase InformatIon.Household number.Code number of each purchase.Day of survey.Day of week.Purchase/free code. Code book SectIonC.Code number of food types. Codebook

10

-I \J

50

51 5J

5~

j5

558

56

57

59 61

62

1 2 3 I 4a 5

6 7

1 2 3

4

73

7-1

75-76

77 71:l-82

83-86

87-90

91

92-95

%-100

101-102 103

104-107

1 2-5 6-7 8-10 11 12 13-16 17 18-19

20 21-23

1 2-5 6-8 9 10 11-12

13-15

SOECSEG

SOECHC

ENPLHOH

~PARE

EXPEND

TOTFHINC'

HOHOCCPN

OCCACT

HOHDIC

wKPURCH

YEAR FREEPUR

TOTNETBL

BLOCK HOUSEHNO PERSONNO AGE SEX WORKCODE OCCl/PATN ACTIVITY NUTRCODE

VISITOR NETBAL

BLOCK HOUSEHNO PURCHNO DAYSURV DAYWEEK PURCHCOD

SocIo-econom1c groupIng. NoL clear "hat tIllS lS. Does not correspond to SOCCLASS. Household compOSl t10n. Not clear. Does not correspond to HCOMP. 1979-82 spare, then 1983 onwards becomes employment stdtUS of HOH. Codebook'

FamIly e>.pendl tu re 1n prevlous \ooeek (food onl Y I. Recall estlmate requested at flrst "ulvey meetlng. Codebook SectIon B. Total weekly net Codebook SectIon B.

famlly lncome.

OccupatIon of HOH, as l1sted In Codebook Appendl'- A. ActIVIty level of males aged 18-64. Codebook SectIon B and AppendIx A. Gros~ weekly Income of HOH or prIncIpal earner. Codebook Sectlon B. Total purchase value for week. Accurate, dIary-based t1gure. Codebook SectIon B. Code book Sectlon ,. FamIlles recelvlng free food. Codebook SectIons Band C. Total net balance. Code book Sectlon A and B.

2=lndlvldual person data. Housahold number. Code number of each person In household. Person's age ln years.

WorkIng code. Code book SectIon A. OccupatIon code. Code book Appendlx A. ActIVIty level of males aged 18-64 NutrIent codes for each person (lncludlng vlsltors) based on sex and/or age and, ln case of males 18-64, degree of actIvIty.

Net balance for each person.

J=Purchase InformatIon. Household number. Code number of each purchase. Day of survey. Day of week. Purchase/free code. Code book SectIon C.

FOODCODE Code number of food types. Code book

10

5

6

16-19

20-23

iI.ppendix C.PURCHVAL Vaiue of each item.

PURCHQUN Quantity loz, except for fluid oz forco ft'ee essences, \'eg juices, fruitjuices, Veg & salad oils, ice cream;tenths at' pints for milk & cream(powdered & condensed milk as milkequivaLents); eggs in units). Code bookSection C.

11

5 16-19

6 20-23

il.ppendix C. PURCHVAL Value of each item.

PURCHQUN Quantity (oz, except for fluid oz for co ftee essences, \'eg juices, fruit juices, Veg & salad oi.ls, ice cream; tenths of pints for milk & cream (powrlered & condensed milk as milk equi.vaLents); eggs in units). Code book Section C.

11

Append1X 2 N.F.S. var1able l1m1ts and structures

Central

1n tapes

&

7277791576967942719170937115692371627318

?

1979 6832 used 1n pUb11shed report,1980 79161':181 76951982 79~51983 7193198~ 709~

1985 71151986 69251987 71631988 73201989 7739Wales=1 1n data, 0 1n codeboo~Scotland=~ ln data, 1 ln code bookNorth=J 1n data, 2 ln code bookYorksh1re & Humbers1de=~ ln data, 3 ln codebookNorth West=5 ln data, ~ ln codebookEast ~ldlands=6 In data, 5 ln code bookWest Hldlands=7 ln data, 6 1n code bookSouth ~est=8 Ln datB, 7 ln codebookSouth East:9 in data, 8 and 9 in coaeoookEast Angl1a=lO Ln data, 8 and 9 ln code bookSee Append1ces 2 and 3.See codebook's Append1x D

1=Greater London2=Metropol1tan Count1esClvdeslde Conurbat10nJ=Poll1ng d1str1cts (1979-83) and Local.\uthor1 t)' D1str1cts (1984-89) I wardsw1th electoral dens1ty per acre of 7 ormore~=3-6

5=0.5-20=

leastcomes

04P hOllseholds (atof total 1 ncomesupplements.

1 OAPI In whIch at least 75%from penSIons and theIr

8=1 person9=1 male+lfemale10=all others

1980 1=250 or more~=180-249

3=110-180~=b7-110

5=

r'lrGR-\D

I\CGRAD

INC C>R-\[)

INCGR-\D

1984 1=J3J or mure~=1.~7n-15 !1= 140-2691=8J-1395=(fjJh=t83 or more wIth no ~arner7=,8) ~lth no earner

Cl \ P Itoll o,eho Ids (at least 1 OAP) ln \,hlCh at least 75%of [01 f\l J nC'c;me comes tram penbl0ns and theIr&up~lemenl~. 8=1 ~erson

q=] m~de+] temale10=1'111 uthers

]9H~ L=~jY~ or Illore~=i. IOO-J~14

1=flb3-2'l91=l:8C,-lb4'1=< 8:1b=85 or more wlth no earner7=

INC"GRAD

7=

HOHAGE 1979-89

FRIDGE 1979-88

1989

PROFrSSN 1979-89

INCEL;S 1979-89

FAMINC 1979-89

INTVWDATPERSONSTPDECINC

~=~5-5~

5=55-646=65-7~

7=75 and over8=not known [none 1n 1979]

1=

PREGNOHONTHBENEFIT

CROSSOVR

OAPADULTMADULTFAGE6AGE5AGE-lAGE3-\GE2AGElVISITORSEARNERSHOHNOHWIFENOHCOMPIG 1979

1IJan)-12IDec)l=Supplementary Benef1t only2=Fam1ly Income Supplementl=Bot h-l=Ne1ther

O=Pr1nc1pal earner 1S head of householdI =HOH has gross weekly 1ncome belowlowest threshold 1n INCGRAD, and thereIS another earner 1n household W1 th1ncome above threshold.

O=m1ss1ng1=Adults only, >1-l5 gross weekly 1ncome2=Adults only, 90-1443=Adults only, 56-894=Adults only, 145 gross weeklyl.ncome6=1 adult+ch1ldren, 90-1447=1 adult+ch1ldren, 56-898=1 adult+ch11dren, 145 gross weekly1ncome10=2 adults+1 Ch11d, 90-14411=2 adults+l Ch1ld, 56-8912=2 adults+1 ch1ld, 145 grossweekly 1ncome14=2 adults+2 ch1ldren, 90-14415=2 adults+2 ch1ldren, 56-8916=2 adults+2 ch1ldren, 145 grossweekly 1ncome18=2 adults+3 ch1ldren, 90-14419=2 aQults+3 chIldren, 56-8920=2 adults+3 ch1ldren, 145gross weekly 1ncome22=2 adults+4 or mo["e ch1ldren, 90-14423=2 adults+4 or more ch11dran, 55=8924=2 adults+4 or more ch1ldren, 1~5 gross weekly Income 2=Adults only, 90-144 3=Adults only, 56-89 4=Adults only, 145 gross weekly l.ncome 6=1 adult+chlldren, 90-144 7=1 adult+chlldren, 56-89 8=1 adult+ch11dren, 145 gross weekly Income 10=2 adults+1 Chlld, 90-144 11=2 adults+l ChIld, 56-89 12=2 adults+1 chIld, 145 weekly Income 14=2 adults+2 chIldren, 15=2 adults+2 chIldren, 16=2 adults+2 chIldren, 17=2 adults+3 chIldren, weekly Income

90-144 56-89 145

18=2 adults+3 chIldren, 90-144 19=2 aQults+3 chlldren, 56-89 20=2 adults+3 chIldren, 145 gross weekly Income 22=2 adults+4 or mOr'e chIldren, 90-144 23=2 adults+4 or more ch11dran, 55=89 24=2 adults+4 or more chIldren,

"

I =GLC2 =,jLC .

c.h1ldren, >145

90-14456-897/acre, Wales 11=Non. Met. )7/acre, Scotland l5=Non. "let. >7/acre, North 16=Non. ~let. >7 lacre, Yorksh1re &. Humbe rS1lie 17=Non ~let . 18=!'7/acre, North West )7/acre, East l-!1dlands >7/acre, West M1dlands )7/acre, South West > 7 lac re, South East >7/acre, East Angl1a >3-6/acre, Wales >3-6/acre, Scotland >3-6/acre, North

>3-6/acre, Yorksh1re &;

>3-6acre, North West >3-6/acre, East H1dlands >3-6/acre, West M1dlands >3-6/acre, South West >3-6/acre, South East >3-6/acre, East Angl1a >O.5-3/acre, Wales >O.5-3/acre, Scotland >O.5-3/acre, North >O.5-3/acre, Yorksh1re &.

>O.5-3acre, North West >O.5-3/acre, East H1dlands >O.5-3/acre, West H1dlands >O.5-3/acre, South West >O.5-3/acre, South East >O.5-3/acre, East Ang11a

l~".~,. ~lsslng 999.t~,\.,~. MIssIng 999.'.'."\\. 'Is per Code book Appendlx -"..'ll"slng 9995.D=not male 18-641=sedentary~=moderatply act~\e

l=very actlveL"\"\"\."\.

499=WherE' lncome shown as net,estlmatE'd, or not possIble to Impute anlncome." "\... -\.""..9=197'l1980=JD,25~

19!:l1198':1983198 I198519l:l6198719881989O=NonE!1 =somE! free food"C\. xx. 1.00 meaml has all mel~ls at home(IncludIng packed lunch provIded byhouseWIfe). DeductIons for each ~ealtaken away from home.Breaktast=0.03Lunch/d1nner=0.04Tea=O.02Supper=0.05WeIghts of tea/supper Interchangeable,wh1che'ver meal l,~rger. If 1 evenIngmeal taken=O. 07.2=lndlvldual person datatotal 1n 1979=28,0551980=30,2541981=29,3981982=30,203

'>OECSEGSOECHCEHPLHOflE\PEND10TFMI/'iCHllHOCCP\I

OCCACT

HOHJNC

h'KPURCHYEAR

FREEPUR

TOTNETBL

BLOCK

lY!:l;l-1:l9

~J=!'

HOUSEH1' s1ck, pregnant'(x ... '(. As per codebook Append1x A.9995=m1ss1ng.O=Not male 1!:l-6-tl=sedentary2=moderately act1veJ=_ er)' act1ve1=Intants

NETBAL

BLOCK

HOUSEHNOPURCHNODAYSUR\

DAYWEEKPURCHCOD

FOODCODEPURCHVALPURCHQUN

l=vesBreakfast=0.03Lunch/dinner=0.04Tea=0.02'iupper=0.05Wei~hts of tea/supper interchangeable,whichever meal larger. If 1 eveningmeal taken=0.07.J=Purchase informationTotal in 1979=369,78~1980=Jq7,54~

1981::JB2,:341982=389,028198J=J50,0841984=J35,6501985=333,7611986=329,2971987=J39,3601988=337,4021989=xxxx"'{ ..... x1-7. Numbered from l=first day ofrecord keeping, 2=second, etc.I=Monday, 2=Tuesday, etc.l=Ordlnarv purchase2=Free (garden, allotment, welfare)1=Free trom employer~=Free from own business (farm, marketgarden)5=Reduced pr1ce food from employero=Free gifts (home produced)7=Withdrawn trom stock8=Fr~e gifts as part of advertisementor sales promotion campaign9=Wel fare mil k where recipient enti tIedto ordinary grade but elects to payquality premium"(xxx~.~x? or in halfpence?xxxx

21

NETBAL

BLOCK

HOUSEHNO PURCHNO DAYSUR\

DAYWEEK PURCHCOD

FOODCODE PURCH\'AL PURCHQUN

l=ves Breakfast=0.03 Lunch/dlnner=0.04 Tea=0.02 'iupper=0.05 Wel~hts of tea/supper Interchangeable, whIchever meal larger. If 1 evenIng meal taken=0.07. J=Purchase InformatIon Total 1n 1979=369,78~ 1980=JQ7,544 1981::JB2,:34 1982=389,028 198J=J50,084 1984=J35,650 1985=333,761 1986=329,297 1987=J39,360 1988=337,402 1989= x"xx ""'X 1-7. Numbered from 1=flrst day of record keepIng, 2=second, etc. I=Monday, 2=Tuesday, etc. l=OrdInarv purchase 2=Free (garden, allotment, welfare) 1=Free trom employer ~=Free from own busIness (farm, market garden) 5=Reduced pr1ce food from employer o=Free gIfts (home produced) 7=WIthdrawn trom stock 8=Fr~e gIfts as part of advertIsement or sales promotIon campaIgn 9=Wel fare ml1 k where recIpIent entl tIed to ordInary grade but elects to pay qualIty premIum "(xx x~.~x? or In halfpence? xxxx

21

AppendIX J: __ ConstItuenCIes used 1n N.F.S. samplIng frame 1979-83

WalesAngleseyCard1ff North-WestCardIff South-EastCard1ganNeathNewportPontypr1ddSwansea, WestW.. st Fl1ntWreAham

ScotlandArgyllBothwellCentral Dunbartonsh1IeDundee WestDunferml1neEast Aberdeensh1reEast F1teEast K1lbrldeEdlnburgh CentralEdInburgh WestGlasgow, CathcartGlasgow, GarscaddenGlasgow, Queen's ParkGlasgow, ShettlestonInvernessKInross & West PerthshlreLanarkMldlothlanSouth AyrshIre

NorthBerwIck-upon-TweedBlaydonChester-le-StreetConsettDurhamEaslngtonGateshead, WestHoughton-le-SprlngMorpethNewcastle CentralNewcastle EastNewcastle WestSouth ShleldsTeesIde, StocktonWhltehaven

YorkshIre & HumbersIdeBarkston AshBarnsleyBrIgg & Scunthorpe

1981/011980/021982/021982/011983/021981/021979/01198J/Ol1980/011979/02

1983/041979/04, 1983/051982/051980/051979/051982/061980/041982/041979/031981/051983/031982/031980/031980/031980/061981/061983/061981/041979/06

1981/091980/071979/091983/071982/071980/091983/081982/091983/091979/071981/071980/081982/081981/081979/08

1983/131983/121981/11

22

AppendIX J: __ ConstItuenCIes used 1n N.F.S. samplIng frame 1979-83

Wales Anglesey Card1ff North-West CardIff South-East Cardlgan Neath Newport Pontyprldd Swansea, West W .. st Fllnt Wre>..ham

Scotland Argyll Bothwell Central Dunbartonshlle Dundee West Dunfermllne East Aberdeenshlre East Flte East Kllbrlde Edlnburgh Central EdInburgh West Glasgow, Cathcart Glasgow, Garscadden Glasgow, Queen's Park Glasgow, Shettleston Inverness KInross & West PerthshIre Lanark MIdlothIan South AyrshIre

North Berwlck-upon-Tweed Blaydon Chester-le-Street Consett Durham EasIngton Gateshead, West Houghton-le-Sprlng Morpeth Newcastle Central Newcastle East Newcastle West South Shlelds Teeslde, Stockton WhItehaven

YorkshIre & HumbersIde Barkston Ash Barnsley BrIgg & Scunthorpe

1981/01 1980/02 1982/02 1982/01 1983/02 1981/02 1979/01 1983/01 1980/01 1979/02

1983/04 1979/04, 1983/05 1982/05 1980/05 1979/05 1982/06 1980/04 1982/04 1979/03 1981/05 1983/03 1982/03 1980/03 1980/03 1980/06 1981/06 1983/06 1981/04 1979/06

1981/09 1980/07 1979/09 1983/07 1982/07 1980/09 1983/08 1982/09 1983/09 1979/07 1981/07 1980/08 1982/08 1981/08 1979/08

1983/13 1983/12 1981/11

22

1982/101980/111979/131982/11

Valley (pt)1979/121982/121979/101981/101982/131979/111981/131981/121983/101980/101980/131980/12

Dearne ValleyGoole, & Galnsborough (pt)HarrogateHowdenHuddersfIeld East & ColneKlngston-upon-Hull, WestKlngston-upon-Hull, EastLeeds Ea!>tLeeds SouthPudseyRlponRother ValleySheffIeld, AttercllfteSheffIeld, BrlghtsldeSheffIeld, HallamWakefleldYork

1983/11

North WestAccrlngtonAltrlncham & SaleBlrkenheadBootleBurnleyClltheroe & Sklpton (pt)CreweCrosbyDarwenFarnworthHazel GroveHeywood & RoytonHuytonKnutsfordLIverpool, EdgehlllLIverpool, GarstonLIverpool, KlrkdaleLl,erpool, WaltonMacclesfleldMlddleton & PrestwlchNantwlchNewtonOldham WestRossendaleRuncornStretford

East MIdlandsAshfleldBelperBolsoverCarltonDaventryDerby NorthHorncastle & Louth (pt)KetterlngLeIcester West

1979/151980/141979/171980/161979/141979/161981il71983/151980/151979/181980/171979/191981/151981/181981/161981/141983/161982/171983/181982/151982/161983/171981/141982/181980/181983/14

1982/201981/201981/211979/201982/211979/211983/191983/211980/19

23

Dearne Valley Goole, & Galnsborough (pt) Harrogate Howden Hudderstleld East & Colne Klngston-upon-Hull, West Klngston-upon-Hull, East Leeds Ea!>t Leeds South Pudsey Rlpon Rother Valley SheffIeld, Atterclltte Sheftleld, Brlghtslde Sheftleld, Hallam Wakefleld York

North West Accrlngton Altrlncham & Sale Blrkenhead Bootle Burnley Clltheroe & Sklpton (pt) Crewe Crosby Darwen Farnworth Hazel Grove Heywood & Royton Huyton Knutstord LIverpool, Edgehlll LIverpool, Garston LIverpool, Klrkdale Ll>erpool, Walton Macclesfleld Mlddleton & Prestwlch Nantwlch Newton Oldham West Rossendale Runcorn Stretford

East MIdlands Ashfleld Belper Bolsover Carlton Daventry Derby North Horncastle & Louth (pt) Ketterlng LeIcester West

1982/10 1980/11 1979/13 1982/11

Valley (pt) 1979/12 1982/12 197~/10

1981/10 1982/13 1979/11 1981/13 1981/12 1983/10 1980/10 1980/13 1980/12

1979/15 1980/14 1979/17 1980/16 1979/14 1979/16 1981il7 1983/15 1980/15 1979/18 1980/17 1979/19 1981/15 1981/18 1981/16 1981/14 1983/16 1982/17 1983/18 1982/15 1982/16 1983/17 1981/14 1982/18 1980/18 1983/14

1982/20 1981/20 1981/21 1979/20 1982/21 1979/21 1983/19 1983/21 1980/19

23

1983/11

LlncolnMansfleld -MeltonNottlngham EastNottlngham WestWelhnlgborough

West MldlandsBlrmlngham, LadywoodBlrmlngham, Perry BarrBromsgrove & ReddltchCQventry North EastCoventry South EastCo\entry South WestKlddermlnsterLeekMel1denOswestrySollhullSouth WorcestershlreStratford-on-AvonWalsall NorthWalsall SouthWarley EastWarlet WestWolverhampton South EastWolverhampton South WestThe Wrekln

South WestBathBrlstol North EastBrlstol WestClrencester & TewkesburyNorth CornwallNorth DorsetPlymouth, DrakePlymouth, SuttonPooleSallsburySouth DorsetTotnesTruroWest DorsetWest GloucestershlreWestburyWestern-super-MareYeovl1

South EastArunde1BanburyBarklngBarklng, DagenhamBarnet, Flnch1eyBarnet, Hendon North

1982/191980/211979/221981/191983/201980/20

1981/221979/231981/231982/241983/221981/241980/251983/231979/27, 198J/251982/231980/231979/251981/2519i12/221979/241980/221983/241980/241979/261982/25

1979/30, 1983/261980/261981/281981/271979/291980/271982/281982/261979/28, 1983/291979/311980/281982/271983/281983/271980/291981/291981/261982/29

1979/391981/401981/311983/341980/311979/34

24

LIncoln MansfIeld Melton NottIngham East NottIngham West Welhnlgborough

West MIdlands BIrmIngham, Ladywood BIrmIngham, Perry Barr Bromsgrove & ReddItch CQventry North East Coventry South East Co\entry South West KIddermInster Leek Mellden Oswestry Sollhull South Worcestershlre Stratford-on-Avon Walsall North Walsall South Warley East Warlet West Wolverhampton South East Wolverhampton South West The WrekIn

South West Bath BrIstol North East Brlstol West Clrencester & Tewkesbury North Cornwall North Dorset Plymouth, Drake Plymouth, Sutton Poole SalIsbury South Dorset Totnes Truro West Dorset West GloucestershIre Westbury Western-super-Mare Yeovll

South East Arundel Banbury Barklng BarkIng, Dagenham Barnet, Flnch1ey Barnet, Hendon North

1982/19 1980/21 1979/22 1981/19 1983/20 1980/20

1981/22 1979/23 1981/23 1982/24 1983/22 1981/24 1980/25 1983/23 1979/27, 198J/25 1982/23 1980/23 1979/25 1981/25 19i12/22 1979/24 1980/22 1983/24 1980/24 1979/26 1982/25

1979/30, 1983/26 1980/26 1981/28 1981/27 1979/29 1980/27 1982/28 1982/26 1979/28, 1983/29 1979/31 1980/28 1982/27 1983/28 1983/27 1980/29 1981/29 1981/26 1982/29

1979/39 1981/40 1981/31 1983/34 1980/31 1979/34

24

BaslldonBaslngstokeBexley, SldcupBralnt.reeBrentwood & OngarBromleyBucklngham

1981/371980/401980/321982/4J1979/40, 1983/39198JIJ21983/43

Camden, Hampstead 1983/30Chelmsford 1979/45Chesham & Amersham 1980/42Chlchest.er 1983/40Croydon North West 1982/34Dorklng 1980/43Eallng North 1981/32East Grlnstead 1981/43East Hertfordshlre 1980/39East Surrey 1981/39Enfleld, Edmonton 1983/31Enfleld North 1981/35Enfleld, Southgate J979/37Eton & Slough 1983/37Fareham 1980/41Faversham 1982/39Gravesens 1983/38GUlldford 1981/42Hackney South & Shoredltch 1979/35Harlngey, Hornsey 1981/34Harlngey, Tottenham 1980/33Harrow West 1982/31Harwlch 1983/42Havant. & waterloo 1981/41Hllllngdon, RU1Sllp-Northwood 1980/35Hllllngdon, Uxbrldge 1982/35Houn&low, Brentwood & Isleworth 1983/35Hove 1983/36Isllngton Noren 1982/33Kenslngton & Chelsea 1981/30Lewlsham West 1983/33Mld Bedfordshlre 1979/41Newbury 1979/44Newham North-West 1982/30North ~est Surrey 1981/38OAtord 1980/37Portsmouth South 1979/42Readlng South 1982/42Redbrldge, Ilford North 1982/32Redbrldge, Wanstead & Woodford 1979/33Relgate 1979/43Saffron Walden 1982/40Sa~nt Albans 1983/41South East Essex 1982/36Southampton, Itchen 1981/36Southampton, Test 1980/36Southend West 1982/41SouthwarK, DulwlCh 1980/34Southwark, Peckham 1980/30

25

Baslldon Baslngstoke Bexley, Sldcup Bralnt.ree Brentwood & Ongar Bromley Bucklngham Camden, Hampstead Chelmsford Chesham & Amersham Chlchest.er Croydon North West Dorklng Eallng North East Grlnstead East Hertfordshlre East Surrey Enfleld, Edmonton Enfleld North Enfleld, Southgate Eton & Slough Fareham Faversham Gravesens GUlldford Hackney South & Shored1tch Harlngey, Hornsey Harlngey, Tottenham Harrow West Harwlch Havant. & waterloo Hllllngdon, RU1Sllp-Northwood

1981/37 1980/40 1980/32 1982/43 1979/40, 1983/39 19831J2 1983/43 1983/30 1979/45 1980/42 1983/40 1982/34 1980/43 1981/32 1981/43 1980/39 1981/39 1983/31 1981/35 J 979/37 1983/37 1980/41 1982/39 1983/38 1981/42 1979/35 1981/34 1980/33 1982/31 1983/42 1981/41 1980/35 1982/35 Hllllngdon, Uxbrldge

Houn&low, Brentwood & Isleworth 1983/35 Hove 1983/36 lSllngton North 1982/33 Kenslngton & Chelsea 1981/30 Lewlsham West 1983/33 Mld Bedtordshlre 1979/41 Newbury 1979/44 Newham North-West 1982/30 North ~est Surrey 1981/38 OAtord 1980/37 Portsmouth South 1979/42 Readlng South 1982/42 Redbrldge, Ilford North 1982/32 Redbrldge, Wanstead & Woodford 1979/33 Relgate 1979/43 Saiiron Walden 1982/40 Salnt Albans 1983/41 South East Essex 1982/36 Southampton, Itchen 1981/36 Southampton, Test 1980/36 Southend West 1982/41 SouthwarK, DulwlCh 1980/34 Southwark, Peckham 1980/30

25

Thanet EastTonbrldgeTower Hamlets, Dethnal GreenI'al tham ForestWandsworth, Battersea ~outhWandsworth, PutneyWelw)n, HatfleldWoklngham

East AngllaCambrldgeNorth NortolkNorth-West NorfolkNorwlch NorthNorwlch South

219/650

1979/381982/J8

& Dow 1979/32198G/401981/331979/3&1982/371980/38

1980/-141982/441979/461981/-141983/1-l

26

Thanet East Tonbrldge Tower Hamlets, Dethnal Green I,al tham Forest Wandsworth, Battersea ~outh Wandsworth, Putney Welw)n, Hatfleld Woklngham

East AnglLa Cambrldge North Nortolk North-West Norfolk Norwlch North Norwlch South

219/650

1979/38 1982/J8

& Dow 1979/32 198G/40 1981/33 1979/3& 1982/37 1980/38

1980/-14 198G/44 1979/46 1981/-14 1983/1-1

26

F1gure 1. Shaded areas represent the par11amentaryconst1luenC1es used 1n the N.F.S. sa.p11ng frame 1979-83

27

F1gure 1. Shaded areas represent the par11amentary const1luenC1es used 1n the N.F.S. sa.p11ng frame 1979-83

27

Append1X 4 Local Au-Lhorl.ty Ihst.r1cts used 1n N.F.S. sampl1ngtrame, 1984-89

1986, 1987, 19881989/Q2,J,41986, 1987, 1988,

WalesAI;; n & Dee",u.lel,atdLttCeredlgIonIslwynMe1ronnydd~lonmouth

Port Talbot (AtanlSouth Pembroke.hlreSwanseavale ot GlamorganWre>..ham ~Iae 101

ScotlandClydebankLunnlnghameDumbartonDunterm1IneEast LothIanEdInburghFalk1rkGlasgow CIty

HamIltonKyle & CarrIckMonklandsMorayHotherwe 11Perth & K1nrossStewartryW1gtown

NorthDurham

LangbaurghNorth Tynes1de

Stockton-on-Tees

Sunderland

Tynedale

Yorksh1re & Humbers1deBradfordCleethorpes

Doncaster

East Yorksh1reHoldernessLeeds

28

1985/01, 1986, 1987/Ql,G.319/:j8, 19/:j91984/031985/0~

19/:j9/Q3,-I1985/03, 19!:l6, 19!:l7/Ql,21988, 1989/Q1,2,31987/QJ,4, 1988, 19!:l9/Q1,21984/02, 1986/Q1, 1987198-1/011989/Q4

198-1/041986/Q2,3,4, 1987, 19881985/08, 1986/Ql1985/05, 1986, 1987/Ql1984/081985/07,1984/05,1985/04,198919891988, 19891987/Q2,3,4, 1988, 1989/Ql1984/061984/071985/06, 1986/Q1,2,31986/Q4, 1987/Q1,2,3,4, 19881988, 1989

1984/11,1985/11,1986,1987,1988, 1989/Q1,21989/Q41985/10, 1986, 1987, 1988,19891984/09, 1987/Q4, 1988,1989/Ql,2,31984/10, 1985/09, 1986,1987/Ql,2,31989/Q3,4

1984/15, 1987, 1988, 19891984/16, 1985/13, 1986,1987/Q11984/13, 1987/Q2,3,4, 1988,1989/Ql1988, 19891985/16,1986 , 1987, 19881984/12, 1986/Q3,4, 1987,

Append1X 4 Local Au-Lhorl.ty Ihst.r1cts used 1n N.F.S. sampl1ng frame, 1984-89

Waies Ai;; n & Dee'oule l,atdLtt CeredlgIon Islwyn Me1ronnydd ~fonmouth

Port Talbot (Atanl South Pembroke.hlre Swansea vale ot Glamorgan Wre>..ham ~fae 101

Scotland Clydebank Cunnlnghame Dumbarton DunfermlIne East LothIan Edlnburgh Falk1rk Glasgow CIty

HamIlton Kyle & CarrIck Monklands Moray Hotherwe 11 Perth & K1nross Stewartry W1gtown

North Durham

Langbaurgh North TynesIde

Stockton-on-Tees

Sunderland

Tynedale

YorkshIre & HumbersIde Bradford Cleethorpes

Doncaster

East Yorksh1re Holderness Leeds

28

1985/01, 1986, 1987/Q1,G.3 191:l8. 191:l9 1984/03 1985/0~

191:l9/Q3,-I 1985/03, 19!:!6, 19!:!7/Ql,2 1988, 1989/Q1,2,3 1987/QJ,4, 1988, 19!:!9/Q1,2 1984/02, 1986/Ql, 1987 198-1/01 1989/Q4

198-1/04 1986/Q2,3,4, 1987, 1988 1985/08, 198b/Ql 1985/05, 1986, 1987/Ql 1984/08 1985/07, 1984/05, 1985/04, 1989 1989

1986, 1987, 1988 1989/Q2,J,4 1986, 1987, 1988,

1988, 1989 1987/Q2,3,4, 1988, 1989/Ql 1984/06 1984/07 1985/06, 1986/Ql,2,3 1986/Q4, 1987/Ql,2,3,4, 1988 1988, 1989

1984/11,1985/11,1986,1987, 1988, 1989/Ql,2 1989/Q4 1985/10, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989 1984/09, 1987/Q4, 1988, 1989/Q1,2,3 1984/10, 1985/09, 1986, 1987/Q1,2,3 1989/Q3,4

1984/15, 1987, 1988, 1989 1984/16, 1985/13, 1986, 1987/Q1 1984/13, 1987/Q2,3,4, 1988, 1989/Ql 1988, 1989 1985/16, 1984/12,

1986 , 1987 t 1988 1986/Q3,4, 1987,

RotJ}erhamSheffleld

WakefleldYork

1988, 19891985/15, 1986, HI89/Q2,J,41984/14, 1986/Q-!, 1987, 1988,19891985/12, 1986/Q1, 21985/14, 1986/Q1,2,3

1!:l88 ,

1987, 198819861987/Q2,3,4,

1985/20, 19861988, 19891988, 19891985/19, 1986, 1987, 19881985/22, 1986, 1987/Q11989/Q2,3,41985/21, 1989/Q3,41984/21, 19891984/191987, 19881984/181985/17,1984/21,1984/22,1989/Q11984/17, 1988, 19891986, 19871985/18, 1986, 1987, 1988,1989/Q1,2

StockportTraffordWlgan

North WestBlackpoolBoltonChesterCongletonEllesmere Port & NestonHyndburnKnowsleyLlverpoolMacclesfleldManchesterRochrlaleSal fordSeftonSouth Rlbble

East MldlandAshfleldBostonCharnwoodChesterfleldDerbyHarboroughHlgh PeakKetterlngNorth East DerbyshlreNott,nghamSouth Derbyshlre

1987/Q2,3,4, 1988, 1!:l8!:l/Q11986, 19871989/Q2,3,41985/23, 1986, 1987/Q1,2,31987/Q4, 1988, 19891985/211988, 19891984/251985/25, 1986, 1987/Q11984/231984/24

West MldlandsBlrmlngham

BrldgnorthBromsgroveDudleyNewcastle-under-LymeOswestrySandwel1

Staffordshlre MoorlandsStoke-an-TrentSratford-upon-AvonTamworthWolverhampton

1984/28,1985/28,1986,1987,1988,19891988, 19891984/27, 1988, 19891984/261985/27, 1986/Q11984/301985/26, 1986, 1987/Q1,2,1989/Q3,41985/30, 19861985/29, 1986, 1987, 19881987, 19881984/29, 1988, 19891988,1989/Q1,2

29

RotJ}erham Sheffleld

Wakefleld York

North West Blackpool Bolton Chester Congleton Ellesmere Port & Neston Hyndburn Knowsley LIverpool MacclesfIeld Manchester Rochdale Sal ford Sefton South Rlbble

Stockport Trafford WIgan

East MIdland Ashtleld Boston Charnwood ChesterfIeld Derby Harborough HIgh Peak KetterIng North East DerbyshIre NottIngham South DerbyshIre

West MIdlands BIrmIngham

BrIdgnorth Bromsgrove Dudley Newcastle-under-Lyme Oswestry Sandwell

StaffordshIre Moorlands Stoke-an-Trent Sratford-upon-Avon Tamworth Wolverhampton

29

1988, 1989 1985/15, 1986, H189/Q2,J,4 1984/14, 1986/Q-!, 1987, 1988, 1989 1985/12, 1986/Q1, 2 1985/14, 1986/Q1,2,3

1985/20, 1986 1988, 1989 1988, 1989 1985/19, 1986, 1987, 1988 1985/22, 1986, 1987/Q1 1989/Q2,3,4 1985/21, 1989/Q3,4 1984/21, 1989 1984/19 1987, 1988 1984/18 1985/17, 1984/21, 1984/22, 1989/Q1

1987, 1988 1986 1987/Q2,3,4,

1984/17, 1988, 1989 1986, 1987

1!l88,

1985/18, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989/Q1,2

1987/Q2,3,4, 1988, 1!l89/Q1 1986, 1987 1989/Q2.3.4 1985/23, 1986. 1987/Q1,2,3 1987/Q4, 1988, 1989 1985/21 1988. 1989 1984/25 1985/25, 1986. 1987/Q1 1984/23 1984/24

1984/28,1985/28,1986.1987. 1988.1989 1988, 1989 1984/27, 1988, 1989 1984/26 1985/27. 1986/Q1 1984/30 1985/26, 1986, 1987/Q1.2, 1989/Q3,4 1985/30, 1986 1985/29, 1986. 1987, 1988 1987. 1988 1984/29, 1988, 1989 1988,1989/Q1.2

Wyre 'Forest

Sotlth WestBrtstol

CheltenhamForest of DeanKIngswoodMId DevonNorth AvonNorth CornwallPoolePurbeckSalIsburySedgemoorTetgnbrIdgeYeovll

South EastAdurAYlesburyAylesbury ValeBrIghtonBroxbourneChelmsfordCherwellColchesterDacorumDoverEastlelghElmbrIdgeEpsomHavant & WaterlooHoveNew ForestOxfordRelgateSouthamptonSouth OxonSOllth WIghtSwaleTandrIdgeTendrIng

Thurrock

wealdenWelwyn HatfIeldWest O},.onWInchesterWoklnghamWycombe

LondonBarkIng & Dagenham

30

1986/Q2,3,4, 1987,- 1988

1984/31, 1985/31, 1986,1987/Q1,2,3, 1989/Q41987/Q4, 1988, 1989/Q1,2,31988, 19891985/33, 1986, 1987/Q11988, 19891984/331984/341987/Q2,3,4, 1988, 19891985/34, 1986/Q1,21986/Q3,4, 1987, 19881986, 19871985/32198un

1984/451985/481986/Q1,21987/Q3.4. 19118, 1989/Q1,21989/Q2,3,41985/51, 1911b, 1987/Q1,2,31984/521989/Q41986, 19871984/471987/Q2,3,4, 1988, 1989/Q11985/45, 1986, 1987/Q11984/491985/49, 1986, 1987/Q1,21987, 1988, 1989....... n .. ~..,.n .. I"\n~ , .........l~OO/O.r::::;, .L:100/~L

1989/Q3,419!:l4/501984/44, 1985/44, 1986/Q11988, 19891986/Q2,3,4, 1987, 19881985/47, 19861987, 1988, 191191984/51, 1987/Q4, 1988,1989/Q1,2,31985/50, 198b/Q1,2,3, 1988,19891988, 19891987, 19881986/Q3,4, 1987, 19881984/481985/461984/40, 1988, 1989

1985/40, 1986, 1987/Q1

Wyre 'Forest

SOtlth West BrLstol

Cheltenham Forest of Dean Klngswood Mld Devon North Avon North Cornwall Poole Purbeck Sallsbtlry Sedgemoor Telgnbrldge Yeovll

South East Adur AYlesbury Aylesbtlry Vale Brighton Broxbourne Chelmsford Cherwell Colchester Dacorum Dover Eastleigh Elmbrldge Epsom Havant & Waterloo Hove New Forest Oxford Relgate Southampton South Oxon SOllth Wlght Swa1e Tandrldge Tendrlng

Thurrock

wealden Welwyn Hatfleld West O}"on Wlnchester Wokingham Wycombe

London Barklng & Dagenham

30

1986/Q2,3,4, 1987,- 1988

1984/31, 1985/31, 1986, 1987/Q1,2,3, 1989/Q4 1987/Q4, 1988, 1989/Q1,2,3 1988, 1989 1985/33, 1986, 1987/Q1 1988, 1989 1984/33 1984/34 1987/Q2,3,4, 1988, 1989 1985/34, 1986/Q1,2 1986/Q3,4, 1987, 1988 1986, 1987 1985/32 198-un

1984/45 1985/48 1986/Q1,2 1987/Q3,4, 1988, 1989/Q1,2 t989/Q2,3,4 1985/51, 198b, 1987/Q1,2,3 1984/52 1989/Q4 1986, 1987 1984/47 1987/Q2,3,4, 1988, 1989/Ql 1985/45, 1986, 1987/Q1 1984/49 1985/49, 1986, 1987/Q1,2 1987, 1988, 1989 .. "n .. ~..,.n "l"\n~/"""" .l~OO/O.r::::;, .L:100/~.L

1989/Q3,4 19!:l4/50 1984/44, 1985/44, 1986/Q1 1988, 1989 1986/Q2,3,4, 1987, 1988 1985/47, 1986 1987, 1988, 1989 1984/51, 1987/Q4, 1988, 1989/Ql,2,3 1985/50, 198b/Q1,2,3, 1988, 1989 1988, 1989 1987, 1988 1986/Q3,4, 1987, 1988 1984/48 1985/46 1984/40, 1988, 1989

1985/40, 1986, 1987/Q1

Barnet

BrentRromleylamdenClty ot London & WestmlnsterCroydonHammersmlthHarrowH"verlngHllllngdonkenslngton & CheJ.ea

KlngstonLambethLewlshamMertonNewhamRedbndgeRlchmondSouthwarkTower Hamlets

East AngllaBaberghBroadlandCambrldgeEast CambrldgeshlreGreat YarmouthNorth NorfolkSouth Cambrldgeshlre

156/485

31

1985/41, 1986/_Ql.2,J, 1988,19891987/Q2,3,4, 1988, 1989/Ql198H, 19891985/39, 1986/Ql1984/391989/Q3,41987/Q4, 1988, 1989/Ql,2,31985/37, 1986, 1987/Ql,219841J81985/381984/J5, 1985/35, 1986,1987/Ql,2,31984/41, 198f:l/Q4, 1987, 19881989/Q419H4/J6, 1986/Q3,4, 1987, 19881984/37, 1989/Q2,3,41988, 19891987/Q3,4, 1!>88, 1989/Q1,21986, 19H71986/Q2,3,4, 1987, 1988, 19891985/36, 1986/Ql,2

1985/43, 1986, 1987/Ql,2,31987, 1988, 19891984/421989/Q41985/42, 19861984/431987/Q4, 1988, 1989/Ql,2,3

BarneL

Brent Rromley lamden Clty ot London & Westmlnster Croydon Hammersmlth Harrow H""verlng Hllllngdon kenslngton & CheJ.ea

Klngston Lambeth Lewlsham Merton Newham Redbndge Rlchmond Southwark Tower Hamlets

East Anglla Babergh Broadland Cambrldge East Cambrldgeshlre Great Yarmouth North Norfolk South Cambrldgeshlre

156/485

31

1985/41, 1986/_Ql,2,J, 1988, 1989 1987/Q2,3,.J, 1988, 1989/Ql 1988, 1989 1985/39, 1986/Ql 1984/39 1989/Q3,4 1987/Q4, 1988, 1989/Ql,2,3 1985/37, 1986, 1987/Ql,2 1984/J8 1985/38 1984/J5, 1985/35, 1986, 1987/Ql,2,3 1984/41, 198b/Q4, 1987, 1988 1989/Q4 1984/J6, 1986/Q3,4, 1987, 1988 1984/37, 1989/Q2,3,4 1988, 1989 1987/Q3,4, 1!.88, 1989/Q1,2 1986, 1987 1986/Q2,3,.J, 1987, 1988, 1989 1985/36, 1986/Ql,2

1985/43, 1986, 1987/Ql,2,3 1987, 1988, 1989 1984/42 1989/Q4 1985/42, 1986 1984/43 1987/Q4, 1988, 1989/Ql,2,3

FIgure 2. Shaded areas represent the local authorIty dIstrIctsused In the N.F.S. saaplIng frame 1984-89

32

FIgure 2. Shaded areas represent the local authorIty dIstrIcts used In the N.F.S. saaplIng frame 1984-89

32

(b) Have you a SlOte of home grown vegetables or frult 1

PROMPT EACH IN TURN Yes NoPotatoes 1 2Beans 3 4Tomatoes 5 6Apples 7 BPears 9 0BoWed own frUit 1 2Jam from own frUit 3 4Honev 5 6Anv other SPECIFY 7 B

NOTE IF HOUSEWIFE HAS STOCKS OF HOMEPRODUCED FOOO IONS J AND K) REMEMBERTHE OUANTITY OF FOOD TAKEN FROM STORESHOULD BE ENTERED IN LOWER PANEL OF THERECORD BOOK ON THE DAY IT IS TAKEN OUTOF STOCK FOR HOUSEHOLD USE

J 00 you grow any of your vegetables or frUit?

ITIJTime of ~rh,s call ~

Flrsr tnrerVlew Dmade at rh call

CONSTITUENCY

AUTH NO

10 DAY PERIOO BEGINNING

INTERVIEWER S NAME

SOCIAL SURVEY DIVISION, OPCS,St Cathennes House,10, Klngsway,London,WC2B 6JP

YX

y

X

Y

X

No24

6

YesNo

YesNo

YesNo

YasGarden 1Allotment 3Farm 5

(a) Have you a srore of preserved eggsfrom your own hens?

IF YES IYI

la) Where?PROMPT EACH IN TURN

IF YES IYI

K Have you your own hens?

NATIONA' 000 SURVEY 1984

TO BE COMPLETEO AT FIRST INTERVIEW

EXPLAIN THE PURPOSE OF THE SURVEY BUT DO NOT, FNTlON KEEPING A RECORD BOOK UNTIL AFTER THEIN, 'RVIEW

A REGION I AB AREA

C PERIOD

0 AREA TYPE

E SERIAL NO OF HOUSEHOLD

F O.t. of 'IfSI interview c:::::Jt2 dtglts for d.y month and year)G C.n you tell me how much you spent

on food for your household last week?,,-,.,..,..","...."." ,~,.,..EOand food for pets) ,

1 :

H Do you have a refrigerator?

Yes = 1 [1 IIf No leave blankI Do you h.ve a deep freeze, (ADD IN

CASE OF PEOPLE WITH REFRIGERATOR r:TI~~.~~fC_h~~ ~~~~..~~=~::~~n?~:Pf:e:llng 3u"" - ".... Cl , ..".v............ "UL..," .""".... ,! ,camp.rlmenl)?

Ye. :: 1

If No leave blank

NATIONA' 000 SURVEY 1984

TO BE COMPLETEO AT FIRST INTERVIEW

EXPLAIN THE PURPOSE OF THE SURVEY BUT DO NOT , FNTlON KEEPING A RECORD BOOK UNTIL AFTER THE I", 'RVIEW

A REGION LA

B AREA

C PERIOD

0 AREA TYPE

E SERIAL NO OF HOUSEHOLD

F O.t. of 'Irst interview c:::::J ,2 dtglts for d.y month and year) G C.n you tell me how much you spent

on food for your household last week?

"_"'m, ,.,"'''. m, ... ,,, ,~,., EO ond food for petsl ,

1 :

H Do you have a refrigerator?

Yas = 1 I I I If No leave blank 2 I Do you h.ve a deep freeze, (ADD IN

CASE OF PEOPLE WITH REFRIGERATOR

I I ~~.~~fC_h~~ ~~~~ .. ~~=~::~~n?~:Pf:e:llng I 3 U"" - " .... Cl , .. " .., ............ "UL..," '''''''''' , , I camp.rlment)? Ye. :: 1

If No leave blank

J 00 you grow any of your vegetables or frUit? Ves Y

IF YES IYI No X

la) Where? PROMPT EACH IN TURN Yes No

Garden 1 2 Allotment 3 4 Farm 5 6

(b) Have you a SlOrs of home grown vegetables or frult 1

PROMPT EACH IN TURN Ves No Potatoes 1 2 Beans 3 4 Tomatoes 5 6 Apples 7 8 Pears 9 0 BoWed own frUit 1 2 Jam from own frU11 3 4 Honev 5 6 Any other SPECIFY 7 8

K Have VOU vour own hens?

IF YES IYI

(a) Have you a store of preserved eggs from your own hens?

Yes No

Ves No

NOTE IF HOUSEWIFE HAS STOCKS OF HOME PROOUCED FOOO IONS J AND KI REMEMBER THE OUANTITY OF FOOO TAKEN FROM STORE SHOULD 8E ENTEREO IN LOWER PANEL OF THE RECORO BOOK ON THE DAY IT IS TAKEN OUT OF STOCK FOR HOUSEHOLD USE

y

X

Y X

INTERVIEWER S NAME

AUTH NO

10 DAY PERIOO BEGINNING

CONSTITUENCY

Forst anterv,ew D Time of made at Ih call thiS call

SOCIAL SURVEY DIVISION, OPCS, SI Calherones House, 10, K,ngsway, London, WC2B 6JP

I~~

DU

. -I

l\:)COMPLETE AT Trv ~ Jet nil mco""Afler deductions" net

TO BE OBTAINED AT FIRST INTERVIEW FINAL VISIT Belln d,ducnons = gf

S..lMlId1er working OFFICE USE OccupahOn 01 workers In d,l./I Income Type of Incomef P N U SH RelatIOnship 10 Housewife

dl!SWpllOns 01 non earners gIVing SupplemenT.rv or CodeM f Age , 2 0 3 4 PuT X 1911nS1 HOH Induslrv In d".11I 2 or If pregnanT OCC Ne! b.lance Iwho mlly be an absenteel sources of mcome Benehl I Ne' Grs Ac. Est

6 758 9 (4 digItS) leg Type 01 pension pnvate means I [ I

L 4 5 6 7 8,

N G A EIPersons living ,n

9 ID 11 12 13 I N G A Ethe dwellinG and I

altered lor by 14 15 18 17 18 I N G A Ethe housewlle 19 20 21 22 23

I N G A E,(U1Cludts boarders ,

S900THE NATIONAL FOOD SURVEY

1984

All the partIculars you gIve on thIs form wIll be treated InSTRICT CONFIDENCEPlease do not put your name or eddress on It

HOW TO USE THISBOOKLET

1 There are two pages for each day

2 On the fIrst of the two pages please wrtte down all the Items of foodcomtng Into the house on that day

3 On the second page please show what was eaten at each meal andwho ate the meal

HOUSEHOLDCOMPOSITION

SEX AGE

The IntervIewer WIll call agatn on -

DAY DATE TIME

Household scales Yes I--or sprtng balanceowned? No

Sprtng balance Yes I--loaned? No

Interviewer s name

Authortty number

lO-day pertod begtnntng

ConstItuency

RegIon

Area

Pertod

Area type

Serta I No of household

I

1

Total 0Persons

SOCIAL SURVEY DIVISION OPCSSt Cathertnes House10, KtngswayLondonWC2B 6JPTelephone number 01-242-0262 Ex! 2264

on behalf ofMInIstry of Agrtculture, Flshertes and FoodWhItehall Place,(West Block)London,SW1A 2HH

3

THE NATIONAL FOOD SURVEY 1984

All the particulars you give on this form will be treated on STRICT CONFIDENCE Please do not put your name or address on It

HOW TO USE THIS BOOKLET

There are two pages for each day

2 On the forst of the two pages please write down all the Items of food coming Into the house on that day

3 On the second page please show what was eaten at each meal and who ate the meal

HOUSEHOLD COMPOSITION

SEX AGE

The Interviewer Will call again on -

DAY DATE

Household scales Yes or spring balance

No owned?

Spring balance Yes loaned? No

InterViewer s name

AuthOrity number

lO-day period beginning

Constituency

TIME

I--

~

SOCIAL SURVEY DIVISION OPCS St Catherlnes House 10, Klngsway London WC2B 6JP

S900

Total D Persons

Area Telephone number 01-242-0262 Ext 2264

Period 1 Area type

Serla I No of household 1

on behalf of Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food Whitehall Place,(West Block) London, SW1A 2HH

3

........ OAVI-1FOOD COMING INTO HOME

FOOD BOUGHT AT NORMAL PRICES -Oz lb. Grammes DESCRIPTION OF FOOD COST PLEASE LEAVE

PlOts kilos BLANKor number or litres Please U38 Doe Ime for each Item Food a,

,1II

I,1,

J,1II,1,

I1, 1,I 1I

c}-I,, 1,,I 1

;:Q'-II,I 1

~,,,, 1,

~ ~~,, 1,

!/O K-,

1I,~ Q ,, 1,

O~,I 1

A,

"""I 1,

irQ ,,, 1~

,

/;,

1,I

~ 0.........,I 1,J,

1,I,111

. 1,,1,,

I 1I,,I 1,,,

1,,HOME GROWN FOOD. GIFTS FREE MILK SCHOOL MILK WELFARE FOOD

Oz lb., Grammes SOURCEFREE OR PLEASE LEAVE

kilos DESCRIPTION OF FOODCOST BLANKPlOts, Garden farm school. clinic

or number or htres employer, own bUSiness ete Food a Free

:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

FOR OFFICE USE

4340

341

342

343

344

3452

346

347

34B

FOOD COMING INTO HOME ........ DAy 1-1 FOOD BOUGHT AT NORMAL PRICES -

Oz lb. Grammes DESCRIPTION OF FOOD COST PLEASE LEAVE Pints kilos BLANK

or number or litres Please U38 ODe Ime for each Item Food a , I

1 I I I I 1 I J ,

1 I , I ,

1 I I 1 I 1 I I 1 I

c}-I I I 1 I I

I 1 ;:Q'-

, I 1 I 1

~ I I I , 1 I

~ ~~ , I 1 I

1.;0 K-, ,

1 , I

~ C) , I 1 ,

O~ I ,

1 A

, , ""'-

, 1 I

1r0 I , , 1 ~

I <

/; I 1 , I ~ 0 ..........

I I 1 I J I

1 I I , 1

1 1

. < 1 I

1 I I I 1 I I

I I 1 I I I

1 I I HOME GROWN FOOD. GIFTS FREE MILK SCHOOL MILK WELFARE FOOD

Oz lb., Grammes SOURCE FREE OR PLEASE LEAVE

kilos DESCRIPTION OF FOOD COST BLANK pmts, Garden farm school. clinic

or number or htres employer, own bUSiness ete C Food a Free

: I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

FOR OFFICE USE

340 343 346

4 341 344 347 342 345 348

2

MEALS1 2 3 4

BREAKFAST DINNER TEA SUPPERor or or or

FIrst meal Midday meal Afternoon meal Evening meal

,

C"z--

HOUSEWIFE'S COMMENTS

NOTES Standard large loaf = 280l 1800g)

Standard small loaf = 140l 14 00g)

6

PLEASE LEAVE BLANK

BREAD POTATOES

Separate 80ughtdelivery Incharge bulk

'R\1130 o!'Cs 7/S3

HOUSEWIFE'S COMMENTS

NOTES Standard large loaf = 280z (800g)

Standard small loaf = 140z (400g)

PLEASE LEAVE BLANK

BREAD POTATOES

Separate 80ught delivery In charge bulk

6

IR \1130 OPeS 7/83

NATIONAL FOOD SURVEY

1. Das1C data

The baS1C data are gathered from two documents:-

(1) fam11y and personal deta11s taken from the N.F.S. schedules!

(11) deta11s of purchased or free food taken from the N.F.S. log-books.

The quest10n numbers and answers for each household are keyed to d1sc andthen put on magnet1c tape 1n the order as pr1nted on the schedule (om1tt1ngboth 1tems 1f the quest10n 1S unanswered), followed by the food code deta11sfrom the log-book. All the 1nformat10n for all the households 1n one cycle1S keyed on to one reel of magnet1c tape.

2. Generated data

The computer program va11dates the punched data and 1nd1cates any1ncons1stenc1es (eg, wrong quest10n numbers, food codes wh1ch are not 1n currentuse, abnormally large quant1t1es, etc). For records wh1ch are totally acceptable,certa1n add1tlonal household and personal deta11s are generated, and a permanentrecord 1S wr1tten to a magnet1c d1sc flle. (All records are eventuallypreserved on a spec1al magnet1c tape). The permanent record 1ncludes a f1xedarea conta1n1ng details such as reg10n, area, cycle number, total purchasevalue, etc., followed by two var1able length areas. The f1rst of these records,for each person and V181tor, the age, sex, oceupat10n code, whether work1ng,nutr1ent code and net balance. The second conta1ns all deta11s from theleft-hand pages of the log-books, in the same sequence, 1nclud1ng the day ofsurvey/dal of week marker and, for each food acqUls1t10n, the food code,purchase/free code, quant1ty and purchase value.

3. Append1x A g1ves the class1f1cat10n of occupatlons.

4. Append1x B 11sts the Local Author1ty D1str1cts be1ng surveyed.

5. Append1x C 11sts the food codes 1n current use.

6. Append1x D 1S the t1metable.

Nat10nal Food SurveyFood Econom1cs Un1t 'C'Wh1tehall Place (West)LondonSW1A 2HH

January 1984

NFS 1235

7

NATIONAL FOOD SURVEY

1. Das1C data

The baS1C data are gathered from two documents:-

(1) fam11y and personal deta11s taken from the N.F.S. schedules!

(~I) detaIls of purchased or free food taken from the N.F.S. log-books.

The questIon numbers and answers for each household are keyed to d,SC and then put on magnetIC tape In the order as prInted on the schedule (omIttIng both Items 1f the questIon IS unanswered), followed by the food code detaIls from the log-book. All the 1nformat10n for all the households In one cycle IS keyed on to one reel of magnet1c tape.

2. Generated data

The computer program va11dates the punched data and Ind1cates any Inconslstenc1es (eg, wrong questIon numbers, food codes WhICh are not ,n current use, abnormally large quant1t1es, etc). For records WhICh are totally acceptable, certaIn add,tIonal household and personal deta1ls are generated, and a permanent record 1S wr1tten to a magnet1c d1sc fIle. (All records are eventually preserved on a spec1al magnet1c tape). The permanent record 1ncludes a f1xed area conta1n1ng details such as regIon, area, cycle number, total purchase value, etc., followed by two var1able length areas. The f1rst of these records, for each person and VIsItor, the age, sex, occupatIon code, whether work1ng, nutrIent code and net balance. The second contaIns all detaIls from the left-hand pages of the log-books, in the same sequence, 1nclud1ng the day of survey/dal of week marker and, for each food acqUlsltlon, the food code, purchase/free code, quantIty and purchase value.

3. AppendIX A g1ves the clasB1f1cat10n of occupatIons.

4. Append1x B 11sts the Local AuthorIty DIStr1CtS beIng surveyed.

5. Append1x C 11sts the food codes In current use.

6. Append1x D 1S the tImetable.

January 1984

NFS 1235

Nat10nal Food Survey Food Econom1cs Unlt 'C' WhItehall Place (West) London SW1A 2HH

7

A. HOUSEHOLD AND PERSONAL DETAILSTAKEN FROM SCHEDULE

Serial Humber of the log-book completed by the housewlfe'1' to 'E'on schsdule

A.

B.

One digit code denoting the standardstatistical region.

One digl t code denoting the area(Local authority district) >/l thlnthe region.

) These two codes together) denote the area (local

1

authorlty dlstrlct) - seeAppendlx B (computer codesare numbered from 1consecutlve ly)

'F' Onschedule

8

C. Two dlgit period code (the periods are successive 10 daysampling penods throughout the year).

D. One digit "type-of-e.rea" (sample class) code

1 Greater London

~. The Metropolitan districts and the Central Clydesldeconurbation

Non-Metropolltan districts

3. Local authorlty dlstrlcts wlth an electoraldensity of 7 or more electorsper acre

4. Local authority dlstricts >/lth an electoraldenslty of 3 but fewer than 7electors per acre

5. Local authorlty dlstricts wlth an electoraldensity of 0.5 but fewer than 3electors per acre

6. Local authorlty dlstricts >/lth an electoraldenslty of fewer than 0.5 electorsper acre

E. Serial number of household ln area (local authorlty dlstr.ct)

A dlstlnguishing number (from 1 upwards) allocated to eachhousehold for each perlod/area group.

Date of flrst interview

day, month and year (~ dlgl ts each day, month and year)

'1' to 'E' on echedule

'F' On schedule

8

A. HOUSEHOLD AND PERSONAL DETAILS TAKEN FROM SCHEDULE

Serial Humber of the log-book completed by the housewlfe

A.

B.

One digit code denoting the standard statistical region.

One digl t code denoting the area (Local authOrity district) Wlthln the region.

) These two codes together ) denote the area (local

1

authorlty dlstrlct) - see Appendlx B (computer codes are numbered from 1 consecutl ve ly)

C. Two dlgit period code (the periods are successive 10 day sampling perlode throughout the year).

D. One digit "type-of-e.rea" (sample class) code

1. Greater London

~. The Metropolitan districts and the Central Clydeslde conurbation

Non-Metropolltan districts

3. Local authorlty dlstrlcts wlth an electoral density of 7 or more electors per acre

4. Local authority dlstricts Wlth an electoral denslty of 3 but fewer than 7 electors per acre

5. Local authorlty dlstricts wlth an electoral density of 0.5 but fewer than 3 electors per acre

6. Local authorlty dlstricts Wlth an electoral denslty of fewer than 0.5 electors per acre

E. Serial number of household ln area (local authon ty dlstr. et)

A dlshnguishing number (from 1 upwards) allocated to each household for each perlod/area group.

Date of flrst interview

day, month and year (2 dlglts each day, month and year)

1.

'A' cont1DUed

-Expenditure in previous week

Amount of money spent on food dur1ng preceding weet, expressedin 's to 1 dscimal places. Don't know, etc, codsd 999.

Computer code

Rerr1gerator 1n the household Owns fr1dge only : 1

" freezer tI ~ 2Yes 1If no, left blank. " both " : 3

" neither " : 4Deep-freezer 1n the household

Yes 1If no, left blank

PersonSex Age(b) Whether(c) Occupah on(d) (e)No (a) - Worla.ng trance

g~ 4 5 6 7 89 10 11 12 13W 14 15 16 17 1819 20 21 22 23~5) 24 25 26 27 286) 29 30 31 32 33F) 34 35 36 37 388) 39 40 41 42 43(9) 44 45 46 47 48

(10 ) 49 50 51 52 53(11 ) 54 53 56 57 58(12 ) 59 60 61 62 63~ 13) 64 65 66 67 6814) 69 70 71 P 73

Ownersh1p of dwel11ng

1 : UnfllI'n1shed, counc11

? : UnfllI'n1shed, other, rented

3 : Furmshed, rented

4 : Rent free

5 : Owns outnght

6 : Owns W1 th mortgaie

V1s1tor(f)

Sex Age(b) Occupat1on(d) Net(e)No balance-

(1) 75 76 77 78(2) 79 80 81 82 -(3) 83 34 05 86(4 ) 87 88 89 90(5) 91 92 93

~(6) 95 96 97(7 ) 99 1L,Q 101 102

0 . 9

3

1

2

4-39-13

14-1819-?324-28~9-33

34-3839-4344-4849-5354-5859-6364-6869-73

74

~est10n No.on SClledule

7')-7,~

7)-

, A' eont1. nued

Rotes: (a) A person lS anyone whc spends at least four nlghts 1.n thehousehold durlng the week of Survey and also has at leastone meal a day from the household fo;r-supply on at leastfour days, except that lf he/ehe 16 the head of the house-hold, the "cross-over" head of household or the housewlfe,he or she 1S regarded as a person, 1n!ll cases.

(b) If the age lS not gl.ven, coded as 99

(c) Whether york+ng:

~ 1 or, lf pregnant, 6(F)

(p)

(N)

(U)

Full-tlme worker

P~rt-tlme worker

Non-worker

Unemployedtemporar11y

=? ", I1

= 0 "t 'I

3 If, I,

"

"

"

, 7

, 5

, 8

(SH) Slck temporar1ly = 4 "~,, " , 9

(d) OCClloahon. A four-d1gl.t NFS code derlved from theRegJ.strar-General's codJ.ng of occupatlon. An add1honal(5th) dJ.g1t has been ass1gned to the occupat10n-code tolndlcate the degree of act1V1ty for males between the agesof 18 and 64 years