EVS28 KINTEX, Korea, May 3-6, 2015

Next Gen Electric Vehicle Charging: How utilities are using open standard

platforms to manage load

Lin-Zhuang Khoo Greenlots

Greenlots is a developer of the leading open standards-based enterprise software platform for electric vehicle (EV) charging and grid management. Greenlots helps solve the payment and network management problems created by proprietary EV charging networks while enhancing grid stability. We are the first charging network to be certified by OpenADR - enabling electric vehicles to be active grid participants.

About Greenlots

Open Standards with OCPP!and OpenADR!

Network Management! Easy Driver Access!

HARDWARE AGNOSTIC!We work with leading charging hardware manufacturers. Our solution has been tested extensively with hundreds of units already deployed.!

TURNKEY SOLUTIONS!We help from start to finish (choosing a site > charger selection > commissioning > driver engagement > ongoing support) to ensure a seamless setup.!

• Easy driver roaming!• Single access card!• Mobile app for search and acces

s!• Pay for charging with credit cards!• RFID cards also supported!• 1-800 support number 24/7!!

• View your network in real-time!• Pull usage reports !• Set charging fees with utmost fl

exiblity (/kWh, /hr, /session)!• Get alerted of any faults and st

eps taken to rectify!• 1-800 support number 24/7!• Smart charging & DRLC!

!

• OCPP communication between charger and network!

• OpenADR between utility and vehicles !

• Guards against stranded assets by allowing owners to swap networks without replacing hardware!

What We Do

United States Canada International

Our Work with Utilities

‣ A successful Smart Charging / VGI platform needs: •  Advanced monitoring for predictability •  Real-time data and coordination •  Open and standardized systems

Yesterday Centralized Power

Tomorrow Clean Distributed Resources

Plug-in EV

Plug-in EV

Wind Power Plant

Flow Control Power Quality Device

Storage

Solar PV

Factory Commercial Building

Transmission Network

Distribution Network

Baseload Generation

Peaker Generation

•  Stakeholder and consumer engagement •  Robust pricing and billing to support variety

of biz models in public, workplace, home charging

Plug-in EV

Next Generation EV Charging

The Duck Curve Winter - January 31st

Summer - August 10th

9am !

9pm !

California ISO forecasted grid load thru 2020 based on 33% renewables portfolio

EV Charging – Workplace Charging

9pm !

9am !

‣ Public and workplace charging shadow duck curves perfectly ‣ Have to be demand-respondable for seasonality

Project!DRLC (demand response load control) enabled workplace charging pilot using OpenADR 2.0b with dynamic pricing.70 Level 2 EVSE that can be curtailed to L1 with dynamic pricing at the point-of-sale across 8 SCE properties in So. Cal. !Objective!1. Study real-world usage behavior in response to DR events 2. Determine price elasticity of workplace charging users 3. Observe minimum sized of EV fleet for impact on DR program !Timing!Now live thru 2016 !Greenlots with Control Module Industries provided the turn-key Level 2 charging system with ADR capabilities. Upon plug-in, users choose between 3 prices: High for maximum charge, Medium for maximum charge but curtailed to L1 when called, Low for maximum charge and curtailed to zero when called. This pricing is pushed day-ahead to all payment kiosks and web software across locations. Users may also use the mobile app our check Greenlots’ portal for latest pricing and information about the DR event. When a DR event is called, users have the option to pay a fee to opt-out, unless it is an emergency event. Users are notified via SMS and email during events about the severity and duration.

Demand Response Charging @ Work

Mirroring the Duck Curve

Winter - January 31st

Summer - August 10th

9am !

8pm !

California ISO forecasted grid load thru 2020 based on 33% renewables portfolio

‣ Behavior heavily influenced by time-of-use rates, but ToU alone is insufficient ‣ Need to manage residential charging to avoid secondary peaks ‣ Key is to involve consumer to minimize user impact ‣ How to incentivize consumer to pay for smart L2 charging at home?

Time of Day – no ToU rates! Time of Day – off-peak at midnight!

Residential!SF Bay Area!

Residential Charging – not just Time of Use

Project!In-depth demonstration and testing of charging stations with Smart Energy 2.0 (SE2), OpenADR for local load management !Objective!To pilot multiple DCFCs or Level 2 stations with load management operating on a feeder with limited capacity. The use of automated load management will ensure the total demand stays below the capacity limit of the feeder, whilst minimizing user inconvenience !Timing!Q2 – Q4 2015 !A subsidiary of BC Hydro, Powertech Labs has been working with Greenlots to demonstrate one of the most comprehensive open standards smart charging systems. Greenlots is developing a platform for Powertech which takes multiple energy management standards and protocols (SEP2, OpenADR, OCPP) to create a network with the EV as a central load. The other major utility interest that the project will satisfy is the concept of assets on the grid that can manage themselves according to local constraints without the need for the utility to get involved (“set and forget”). This project will demonstrate the load management functionality using an EMS in the cloud instead of a physical device making smart charging decisions on-site.

Charging with Automated Load Management

Fast Charging Coincides with Peak Demand Slow Charging The most common type of charging provides alternating current to the vehicle’s battery from an external charger. Charging times can range from 4 to 12 hours for a full charge.

Fast Charging Also known as “DC quick charging”, fast charging stations provide a direct current of electricity to the vehicle’s battery from an external charger. Charging times can range from 0.5 to 2 hours for a full charge.

Leaf Fast Charge Profile

Time of Day when Fast Charges Occur

Time of Day that Vehicle Trips Start

DCFC with Battery Storage

DCFC without internal battery

DCFC with internal buffer battery

Peak Demand

Peak Demand Reduction

Peak Demand

15 min.

Stored Energy

DC output to the EV (10% AC/DC conv. Loss) AC Input from the Grid = Demand Charges

Project!German Ministry of Energy funded Project for Smart Charging !Objective!Managed (scheduled) charging to absorb excess wind energy at night !Status!Successfully completed: August 2011 until March 2012 !Greenlots was selected in 2011 to work with Vattenfall, BMW and Daimler on a landmark smart grid project for the German Government in Berlin and Hamburg. The project was a commercial demonstration of using EV battery capacity to absorb excess wind power at night, a growing issue in Germany. 65 Daimler Vito E-Cell and 25 BMW ActiveE vehicles were connected to the Vattenfall back-end and would charge according to the forecast wind energy generation for that night. Greenlots provided the HomePlug AV-enabled EVSE and played an integral part in system integration and testing, while Vattenfall provided control and grid software. When an EV plugs-in, a real-time association between the EVSE to EV is performed over power line communications (PLC) and a charging instruction profile is downloaded to the EV. In 0.5A increments, the charging could be adjusted up or down. This project help contributed to the formation of the HP-GP (Homeplug GreenPHY) standard now used for the CCS connector standard and ISO/IEC 15118

Piloting Using EVs for Wind Energy Storage

Pilot of Two Use Cases for Smart Charging1. Direct load control of EVSE by adjusting the PWM of the pilot signal compliant with EN 61851

2. Vehicle-led charging control - a grid load profile is sent to the vehicle upon plugging-in via PLC (Homeplug AV). The vehicle considers this information with user requirements to decide on a charging profile.

Use Case 1:Adjust duty cycle via OCPP (XML-RPC)

Use Case 2:Grid forecast profile sent to EV via HomePlug AV

Two Pathways to Manage Charging

Consumer (Mobile Apps, Dashboard, Opt-in /-out, Real-time pricing )

Site Host (Earning reports, Utility notifications,, dynamic pricing)

Customer Support and Engagement

Building Energy Management

Solar

Charging Stations

Energy Storage

Solar Following

Open standards

(OCPP, OpenADR)

Charge Optimizati

on

Demand Charge reduction & off-peak charging

User Payments/

Billing

Greenlots SKY

Charging StationsCharging Stations Charging Stations

11am complete 1pm completeCharging scheduled

to begin 11am

Charging Stations

Charging curtailed to L1

Charging complete.User notified

A Complete Smart Charging System

Key Questions for VGI

•  How can VGI or DR support commercial workplace charging? •  How should commercial customers deploy charging? (conside

ring management, costs, type of EVSE, pricing) •  How can ADR be used to minimize local and system impacts of

day-time charging? •  How will users respond to dynamic prices and load manageme

nt? •  What is sweet spot pricing for L2, L1, curtailed charging? •  How can several DC fast chargers work simultaneously without

overloading local capacity?

Lin Khoo!lin@greenlots.com +1 (415) 539 3881 !Greenlots North America!156 2nd Street San Francisco, CA 94105 (415) 539-3884 !Greenlots Asia Pacific!52A Amoy Street Singapore 069878 +65 6227 5944 !www.greenlots.com

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