NEW WORLD

Shaping of North America

◦ Supercontinent◦ Contained all dry land◦ Began to drift away

◦ Rocky Mtn. = “Roof of the America”

◦ Lake Bonneville ◦ Utah, Nevada, and Idaho◦ Drained to the Pacific Ocean through Snake and Columbia Rivers◦ Great Lake Remained

Peopling the Americas

◦ 35,000 yrs ago

◦ Bering Strait◦ Eurasia = North America◦ Migratory herds◦ Nomadic Asian hunters

Cont.

◦ 54 million people inhabited America’s◦ Split into tribes◦ 2,000 languages = diverse

◦ Incas = Peru

◦ Aztecs = Mexico◦ 20 million

◦ Elaborate cities

◦ Commerce

Earliest Americans◦ Agriculture

◦ Size◦ Sophistication of culture

◦ Corn = Staff of Life

◦ Spread across America◦ Transformation

◦ Pueblo◦ Rio Grande = Irrigation◦ Adobe

◦ Terraced buildings

Europeans

◦ Caravel = ship◦ Sail more closely into the wind

◦ Portuguese◦ Trading posts along African shoreline◦ Slaves / Gold◦ Slave Brokers

◦ Sugar plantations◦ Shape the New World

Cont.

◦ Spain takes over◦ Ferdinand / Isabella◦ Race for wealth

◦ Portugal dominated Africa

◦ Spain looked westward

Columbus◦ Renaissance = 14th century

◦ Compass

◦ Columbus = sailed for Spain◦ 3 ships◦ 6 weeks◦ Oct. 12, 1492

◦ Bahamas

◦Global economic system emerged◦ Europe, Africa, and New World

Worlds collide

◦ Columbian exchange◦ New World

◦ Exotic animals

◦ Rattle snakes, iguanas

◦ Plants

◦ Corn, tomato, potato, tobacco

◦ Most important gift

◦ Changed economy

◦ Old World◦ crops / animals / disease

◦ Seedlings of sugar cane, dandelions, daisies

◦ Horse

Conquistadores

◦ 1500’s

◦ Spanish Explorers◦ dominant power◦ Fanned out across Americas

◦ Treaty of Tordesillas◦ Dividing Portugal and Spain

Explorers

◦ Vasco Nunez Balboa◦ 1513◦ Panama◦ Pacific Ocean

◦ Ferdinand Magellan◦ 1519◦ Tip of South America to Philippines◦ 1st to sail around the world

Explorers

◦ Juan Ponce de Leon◦ 1513 and 1521◦ Florida

◦ Francisco Coronado◦ 1540 – 1542◦ Arizona / New Mexico / Kansas◦ Grand Canyon / Rio Grande / Colorado River◦ Buffalo

◦ Hernando de Soto◦ Gold seeking / 600 men◦ Mississippi

Explorers

◦Hernan Cortes◦ 1519◦ Mexico◦ Interpreters - Malinche

◦ Aztecs◦ Noche triste – June 30, 1520

◦ Disease

◦ Temples destroyed

Spanish America

◦ 160,000 Spaniards subjugated millions of Indians

◦ Printing Press

◦ Cathedrals

◦ English◦ John Cabot

◦ 1497

◦ Northeaster Coast of North America