new material in construction

8/11/2019 New Material in Construction

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NEW CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS

NITYA - 025

JAY KRISHNA

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TYPES OF CONCRETE

Ever since Thomas Edison patented Portland cement in 1907, it has been used for a

variety of different uses. Sidewalks, buildings, sinks, and furniture are but a few of theproducts made from cement in the form of concrete. Cement is the dry powder that

when mixed with other additives and water makes concrete. Over the past decade, new

types of concrete and cement have been formulated that do everything from bend, to

grow plants, and let light through.


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BENDABLE CONCRETE

LITRACON :

TECECO (porecocrete porous concrete)

ECO-CEMENT CARBONATION

BETAO ORGANICO

SPRAYED CONCRETE

SHOTCRETE

PERVIOUS CONCRETE

ROLLER-COMPACTED CONCRETE

GLASS CONCRETE

ASPHALT CONCRETE

RUBBERIZED CONCRETE

POLYMER CONCRETE

TYPES OF CONCRETE
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The Use of Mineral Admixtures

After realization of the need for durable concrete structures, the composition of concrete has

undergone changes. From being a product made of three or four materials (cement, aggregates,

water), today a typical durable concrete consists of six or more materials. The use of low water

cement ratio enables a reduction in the volume and size of capillary voids in concrete; this alone is

not sufficient to reduce the cement based content of concrete which is the source of micro-

cracking from thermal shrinkage and drying shrinkage.

Admixtures

Pozzolans, such as fly ash and silica fume, are the most commonly used mineral admixtures in

high-strength concrete. These materials impart additional strength to the concrete by reacting with

portland cement hydration products to create additional C-S-H gel, the part of the paste

responsible for concrete strength .

ADMIXTURES


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High Performance Concrete

In the United States, in response to widespread cracking of concrete bridge decks, the construction process

moved towards the use of High Performance Concrete (HPC) mixes. Four types of HPC were developed .

High Volume Fly Ash Concrete HVFA)

The high volume fly ash concrete (HVFA) represents an emerging technology for highly durable and resourceefficient concrete structures.

Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag GGBFS)

The problems associated with the quality of fly ash do not exist in the case of Ground Granulated Blast

Furnace Slag GGBFS, as the produce is necessarily the outcome of grinding to the required particle size. Thus

the use of GGBFS as a mineral admixture should be preferred, despite long leads for end users in certain

parts of India far from the steel plants


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Condensed Silica Fume CSF)

CSF is a by-product of Ferro-Silicon industry and at present an

imported product, easily available in the Indian market.

Photo-catalytic Cement

This is a patented Portland cement developed by Italcementi Group. The photo-catalytic components use

the energy from ultra-violet rays to oxidize most organic and some inorganic compounds

Insulated Concrete Form ICF)

ICF structural elements allow maximum clear spans. The ICF elements are used for large commercialbuildings, residential buildings etc

Self

curing, Shrinkage-free concreteItalian researchers have produced a concrete by the combined use of

a water reducing admixture based on polycarboxylate in order to reduce both the mixing water andcement.

A shrinkage reducing admixture

An expansive agent based on a special calcium oxide.


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PERVIOUS CONCRETE:
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Pervious concrete (also called porous concrete, permeable concrete, no fines

concrete and porous pavement) is a special type of concrete with a high

porosity used for concrete flatwork applications that allows water from

precipitation and other sources to pass directly through, thereby reducing the

runoff from a site and allowing groundwater recharge. Pervious concrete is

made using large aggregates with little to no fine aggregates. The concrete paste

then coats the aggregates and allows water to pass through the concrete slab.

PREVIOUS CONCRETE


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Pervious concreteis sometimes specified by engineers and architects when porosity is

required to allow some air movement or to facilitate the drainage and flow of water

through structures.


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Typically, between 15% and 25% voids are achieved in the hardenedconcrete, and flow rates for water through pervious concrete are typicallyaround 480 in./hr (0.34 cm/s, which is 5 gal/ft/ min or 200 L/m/min),although they can be much higher

Both the low mortar content and high porosity also reduce strengthcompared to conventional concrete mixtures, but sufficient strength formany applications is readily achieved.

Pervious concrete pavement is a unique and effective means to addressimportant environmental issues and support sustainable growth. By

capturing rainwater and allowing it to seep into the ground, porousconcrete is instrumental in recharging groundwater, reducing stormwaterrunoff, and meeting US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) stormwater regulations.


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Pervious concrete is traditionally used in parking areas,

areas with light traffic, residential streets, pedestrian

walkways, and greenhouses.

This pavement technology creates more efficient land use

by eliminating the need for retention ponds, swales,

and other storm water management devices.

In doing so, pervious concrete has the ability to

lower overall project costs on a first-cost basis.

The use of pervious concrete is among the Best Management Practices (BMPs) recommended by theEPA, and by other agencies and geotechnical engineers across the country, for the management ofstorm water runoff on a regional and local basis.

USES OF PREVIOUS CONCRETE

It is an important application for sustainable construction and is one of many low impact development techniquesused by builders to protect water quality.


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TIS & Partners has just unveiled a strong and surprisingly low-tech brick thatcan be rapidly produced in disaster areas, and applied to the quick

construction of long lasting shelter. Since the bricks main component iscommon sand they can be produce in quantity nearly anywhere.

The process of making the brick uses carbon dioxide to harden sand and abinder to provide tensile strength.

In fact, the inventor claims the bricks are 2.5 times the tensile strength ofconcrete in one day, meaning that the construction of walls would need much

less steel reinforcement and could be used immediately in emergencyconstructions.

THEbricks are created using a very simple process: high silicon content sand isput into an air tight mold that can be virtually any shape. CO2 is pumped intothe mold and bonds with the silica to make a solid brick-like material in lessthan a minute at this point, the brick is very strong under lateral loads, butstill crumbles if stressed under tensile pressure.

NEW CO SAND BRICKS


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The next step is to infuse the bricks with a binder such as epoxy or urethane. Bathing the

blocks in the binder creates a hardened block that has all the proper requirements for a strong

building component.

The bricks strength is 2.5 times that of concrete in less than 24 hours, which is critical for

emergency building and predicted to have a 50 year lifespan.

The finished bricks can also be more easily transported from where they are locally produce to

the building site, and thanks to their tensile strength, they can create walls that require little or

no added steel reinforcement. The product also has the promise of being a valuable way to

sequester carbon.


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Sheet of Russian plywood, routed into a series of a series of triangulartiles, held together by a vinyl mesh.created was a skin that would allow us to focus on the structure and

would adapt to it, leaving the builder the total control with the flexibilityto change the forms at any moment during the whole processThe team have begun a collaborationwith Biffi carpentry in Milan; theyhope to investigate other possibleuses for the materials such as claddingand flexible walls.

WOODEN SKIN


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