Bamboo ConstructionCompany Name

BAMBOO AS A CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL

SUBMITTED BY: SUVENDU PARIDA

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING PARALA MAHARAJA ENGINEERING COLLEGE

Slide MasterINTRODUCTION :• Bamboo has been in wide usage since

ancient times as a low-cost material for houses, bridges etc.

• Recently started appearing in designer homes as flooring, walling and paneling material

• Bamboo is a renewable and versatile resource, characterized by high strength and low weight.

Slide Master• It is estimated that there are 1200 species growing in about 14.5 million hectares area.

• Bamboo is the world’s fastest growing woody

plant. It grows approximately 7.5 to 40 cm a day.

• Bamboo also excels in biomass production, giving 40 tons or more per hectare annually.

• It has been used successfully to rehabilitate soil ravage by brick making in India.

Slide MasterPROPERTIES :•TENSILE STRENGTH

•COMPRESIVE STRENGTH

•ELASTIC MODULUS

•ANISOTROPIC PROPERTY

•SHRINKAGE

•FIRE RESISTANCE

Slide MasterHOW TO PROTECT BAMBOO :UNTREATED BAMBOO• Untreated bamboo has the following life spans in different

conditions– Exposure to soil and atmosphere = 1-3 years– Under cover = 4-7 years– Very favourable conditions = 10-15 years

• Natural durability also depends on the species of the bamboo.PRE-HARVEST AND POST HARVEST PRECAUTIONS• Felling during low sugar content season i.e. dry season• Felling of mature bamboo• Post harvesting transpiration• Water soaking

Slide MasterDIFFERENT PRESERVATION TREATMENTS : BORAX – BORIC ACID PRESERVATION TREATMENT

Depending on the diameter of the bamboo, different sized drill bits, attached to a long steel rod, are used to drill into the centre of the bamboo culms throughout their whole length.

At the preservation treatment pool, bamboo soaks in borax-boric acid solution for 2 days to allow the mineral to penetrate all the nodes and diaphragms.

Bamboo is removed and stacked vertically so the solution can drain and be reused.

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Next, the bamboo poles are left to bask in the sun depending on the amount of sunlight.

The bamboo poles are left to dry slowly in a cool, dry place until they are used for construction.

Slide Master NEEM SEED OIL TREATMENT : • Oil obtained from neem

seeds can be used to improve water resistance and dimensional stability of bamboo culms particularly at high oil-treatment temperature.

• Bamboo samples soaked in hot neem seed oil at 60°C for 4 hours had better water resistance and dimensional stability than samples soaked in oil at room temperature for 24 hours.

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Soaked bamboo samples at room temperature for 24 hoursSoaked bamboo samples at 60°C for 4 hours

Slide MasterPROTECTION OF BAMBOO IN CASe OF BAMBOO REINFORCED STRUCTURES : During the casting and curing of

concrete, reinforcing bamboo absorbs water and expands

The swelling of bamboo pushes the concrete away

Then at the end of the curing period, the bamboo loses the moisture and shrinks back almost to its original dimensions leaving voids around itself

The swelling and shrinkage of bamboo in concrete create a serious limitation in the use of bamboo as a substitute for steel in concrete.

One effective treatment is the application of a thin layer of epoxy to the bamboo surface followed by a coating of fine sand.

Slide MasterBAMBOO HOUSING :The majority of bamboo construction

relates to the rural community needs in developing countries.

common types of construction include farm and school buildings and bridges.

Further applications of bamboo relevant to construction include its use as scaffolding, water piping and as shuttering and reinforcement for concrete.

Slide MasterFOUNDATIONS :• The use of bamboo for foundation is

rather restricted.• The types of bamboo foundations

identified are:• Bamboo in direct ground contact: • For strength and stability, large diameter

and thick walled sections of bamboo with closely spaced nodes should be used.

• Bamboo on rock or preformed concrete footings : Where bamboo is being used for bearings, it should be placed out of ground contact on footings of either rock or preformed concrete.

Preformed concrete footings

Slide MasterBamboo incorporated in to concrete footings : The poles are directly fit into concrete footing.This can be single post and strip footing.

Composite bamboo/concrete columns: a concrete extension is given to a bamboo post using a plastic tube of the same diameter.

Bamboo piles: It is used to stabilize soft soils and reduce building settlement.

Single Post footing

Strip Footing

Bamboo Piles

Slide MasterFLOORING:• The floors may be at ground level, and therefore

consists only of compacted earth, with or without a covering of bamboo matting.

• The various types used are:

• Small bamboo culms: They are directly tied and nailed together.

• Split bamboo: Culms are split along their length into strips, several centimeters wide.

• Flattened bamboo: Formed by splitting green bamboo culms removing the diaphragms, then rolling and flattening them.

Bamboo Cane Floor Decking

Split Bamboo Floor Decking

Flattened Bamboo Floor Decking

Slide Master• Bamboo mats: The slivers are woven into mats of different sizes according to the available hot-press plates and user’s demands. In construction using bamboo mats, phenolic resins are employed.• Bamboo plastic composites:It is an innovative technology in which bamboo fiber is the raw material and compounded with plastic as the core material of the flooring. The ratio of plastic should be over 30% for higher water resistance and dimensional stability.

BAMBOO MAT

Slide MasterBAMBOO WALLS :

WHOLE BAMBOO CULMS

VERTICAL HALVED CULMS

BAJAREQUE

WATTLE

WOVEN BAMBOO

WALL

Slide MasterROOFING :• The roof offers protection against

extremes of weather including rain, sun and wind, and to provide shelter, clear and usable space beneath the canopy.

• The simplest form consists of a bamboo purlin and beams, supported on perimeter posts.

• Corrugated sheets made out of bamboo are also used commonly as roof covering.

• A layer of bitumen is sandwiched between two mats of bamboo forming a semi rigid panel.

• Plastered bamboo: A cement plaster, with or without the addition of organic fibres, is traditionally applied to bamboo roofs, to get stronger roof coverings.

Simplest Form

Corrugated Sheets Bituminised Bamboo Mats

Slide MasterSCAFFOLDING :• Because of the favourable relationship between

load-bearing capacity and weight, bamboo can be used for the construction of save scaffoldings even for very tall buildings.

• The cane extension is carried out by lashing the cane ends together with several ties.

• The vertical and horizontal canes used for scaffolding are almost exclusively joined using soft lashing.

• This technique has the great advantage that the joints can be re-tensioned to the right degree without difficulty and also quickly released again.

Slide MasterBAMBOO REINFORCED CONCRETE : COMPARISON OF BAMBOO AND STEEL

The strength of bamboo is greater than steel.

Bamboo is easily accessible

Bamboo lowers the cost of construction

Bamboo can crack and deflect more than steel reinforcement.

Bamboo Reinforced Column

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Ultimate compressive

strength

Allowable compressive

strength

Ultimate tensile

strength

Allowable tensile stress

Allowable bond stress

Modulus of elasticity

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Conventional Concrete Bamboo Reinforced Concrete

Slide MasterRESISTANCE TO EARTHQUAKES• High residual strength to absorb shocks

and impacts.• Flexure coupled with its very low mass.

• Prototype house built with bamboo sheet roofing and bamboo-reinforced concrete walls withstood a simulated earthquake measuring 7.8 on the Richter scale

• A bamboo house that withstood an earthquake that occurred at Sikkim measuring 6.9 in September 2011

• 30 houses at the epicenter of a 7.6 magnitude earthquake survived without any damage in Costa Rica in 1991

Slide MasterADVANTAGES: Strength - Bamboo is an extremely strong natural fibre,

on par with standard hardwoods, when cultivated, harvested, prepared and stored properly.

Flexibility - Bamboo is highly flexible. During its growth, it may be trained to grow in unconventional shapes. After harvest, it may be bent and utilized in archways and other curved areas.

Earthquake-resistance - It has a great capacity for shock absorption, which makes it particularly useful in earthquake-prone areas.

Slide Master Lightweight - Bamboo is extremely lightweight. Consequently, building with bamboo can be accomplished faster with simple tools than building with other materials. Cranes and other heavy machinery are rarely required.

Cost-effective – Economical, especially in areas where it is cultivated and is readily available. Transporting cost is also much lesser.

Durability - As long-lasting as its wooden correlates, when properly harvested and maintained.

Slide MasterLimitations and drawbacks : Few considerations currently limit the use of bamboo as a universally

applicable construction material Jointing techniques - Although many traditional joint types exist, their

structural efficiency is low. Considerable research has been directed at the development of more effective methods.

Flammability - Bamboo structures are not fire-resistant, and the cost of treatment, where available, is relatively high.

Lack of design guidance and codification - The engineering design of bamboo structures has not yet been fully addressed. There is little or no data containing specifications of bamboo.

Slide MasterIMPLEMENTATIONIN INDIA

Bamboo House in Kerela

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Bamboo Hut in Assam

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Bamboo Bridge in Arunachal Pradesh Spanning 30m

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Bamboo Church In Colombia

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Bamboo Housing In Haiti

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Bamboo Cladding on a Contemporary House

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Science Tower In Brazil Made up of Bamboo

Slide Master CONCLUSION :

• Since time immemorial, bamboo has played an important role in the development of mankind.

• It has been the backbone of much of the world’s rural life and will remain so as the population increases.

• The realization that bamboo is the most potentially important non-timber resource and fast-growing woody biomass, has evoked keen interest in the processing, preservation, utilization and the promotion of bamboo as an alternative to wood.

• Its high valued utilization not only promotes the economic development, but also saves forest resources to protect our ecological environment as a wood substitute.

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THANK YOU