neutron sources for material science, condensed matter physics (sns, jparc, ess)

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yalcas - Sylvie Leray – NN2012 – San Antonio, May 20121

Extension of the Liège Intra Nuclear Cascade model to light ion-induced

collisions for medical and space applications

D. Mancusi1, 2, P. Kaitaniemi1, 3, A. Boudard1, J. Cugnon2, J.C. David1, and S. Leray1

1 CEA/Saclay, IRFU/SPhN, France, 2 Liège University, Belgium,

3 Helsinki Institute of Physics, Finland

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yalcas - Sylvie Leray – NN2012 – San Antonio, May 2012 2

Neutron sources for material science, condensed matter physics (SNS, JPARC, ESS)

MYRRHA

Accelerator-driven sub-critical reactors for nuclear waste transmutation (MYRRHA Belgium)

Production of radioactive beams for funda-mental nuclear physics studies (ISOLDE CERN, FRIB, EURISOL)

Therapy with protons or heavy ions beams

Radiation protection, damage to electronic circuits in space or near accelerators

Applications of spallation reactions

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Ionization function of a 200 MeV u-1 carbon ion beam in water (K. Gunzer-Marx et al., New Journal of

Physics 10 (2008) 075003)

Tracks reconstructed in emulsion From

T. Toshito et al., 2006 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record

Carbon fragmentation (~50% of the C ions) spreading of the dose outside the tumor volume

Fragmentation in hadrontherapy

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Effects of galactic cosmic rays in spacecrafts space

Differential flux of galactic cosmic rays J. Miller, Gravitational and Space Biology Bulletin 16(2) June 2003

Relative contribution of different ions to flux, dose, and dose equivalent from galactic cosmic radiationDurante & Cucinotta, Nature Rev. Cancer (2008)

Assessment of radiation risk for manned space flights, estimates of single event upset (SEU) rates for spacecraft memory devices

1,E-07

1,E-06

1,E-05

1,E-04

1,E-03

1,E-02

1,E-01

1,E+00

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

Atomic number (Z)

Rel

ativ

e co

ntrib

utio

n

Flux Dose Dose equivalent

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Experiments at GSI

FIRST experiment: Fragmentation of Ions Relevant for Space and Therapy (INFN - IRFU/SPhN – GSI - ESA collaboration)

See C. Agodi’s talk

C+C, C+Au @ 400 AMeV measured in 2011 further experiments foreseen in 2013: other energies,

Fe+Si, Fe+C

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p (1 GeV)

N

N N

NN

DD p

TransmissionReflection

Potential

b

Target preparation• Wood-Saxon density• Fermi momentum

Entering particles• Coulomb deviation

Propagation (t dependence)• Straight lines, constant velocity• Energy, isospin dependent potential

Interactions (NN, Δ, p)• Minimum distance of approach• Pauli principle

Escaping particles• Quantum transmission• Coalescence in phase space clusters (d, t, …Be)α

End of the cascade (A, Z, E*, J) starting state

for de-excitation (ABLA)

Ingredients of the INCL4 model

V0 (- 45 MeV)

Ef

p in

(38 MeV)h h

h

E=0

(A. Boudard et al., PRC66 (2002) 044615, NPA 740 (2004) 195)

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the Intra-Nuclear Cascade model INCL4.6 coupled to ABLA07

Validation of INCL4 against experimental data

Reaction Cross-section Neutron production LCP productionp(1200 MeV) + Ta

pion production

Residue mass distribution

Isotopic Cross-section

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Residue global analysis: Division of the distributions in mass/charge regions: evaporation residues, deep spallation, fission and intermediate mass fragments

8

Quality PointsGood 2

Moderately good, minor problems 1Moderately bad, particular problems -1

Unacceptably bad, systematically wrong -2

Mass and charge distributions

IAEA benchmark of spallation models

Neutron double differential cross-sections global analysis: Division of the spectra in 4 energy regions: evaporation, pre-equilibrium, pure cascade and quasi-elastic

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MCNPX :INCL4.2 - ABLA INCL4.6 - ABLA07 in MCNPX2.7b

(private version) GEANT4 :

INCL4.2 + LI extension - ABLA (C++ transcription) (removed)

INCL++ (=INCL4.6 + LI extension fully rewritten) coupled to ABLA and G4-deexcitation

PHITS (coll. JAEA, RIST, KEK)

INCL4.6 coupled with the GEM de-excitation model MARS (coll. Fermilab)

INCL4.2 + HE extension – ABLA07

Implementation into high-energy transport codes

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Coulomb deviation Exact reaction Q values (masses from tables) Fusion at low energies

• Frozen projectile Fermi motion until one nucleon interacts

• Absorption for projectile nucleons entering below Ef and with

Extension of INCL4 to LCP induced reactions

Smooth transition from complete to incomplete fusion

direct (peripheral) reactions

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yalcas - Sylvie Leray – NN2012 – San Antonio, May 2012 11

(4He,xn) excitation functions

Accurate Nuclear Data for nuclear Energy Sustainability

Extension of INCL4 to LCP induced reactions

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Two production channels: secondary reactions induced by heliums for heavy isotopes Bi (p,π-) for light isotopes

Production of At isotopes in ISOLDE experiment

Calculations with INCL4.6-ABLA07 in MCNPX2.7.b Data from Y. Tall et al., ND2007

p (1.4 GeV) on a thick PbBi target

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(in the “a” c.m.)

!! Not symmetric treatment !!

b

a

A

Spectators(+ transparents)

)()(qr

Extension to light-ion induced reactions

up to 18O

Projectile spectator: = geometrical spectators +

non-interacting nucleons Excitation energy: hole

configuration De-excitation by Fermi-

Breakup

Target remnant: “normal” INC De-excitation by evaporation or Fermi-Breakup depending on mass

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12C + 12C GEANT4 calculations135 MeV/u 290 MeV/u

Light-ion induced reactions: neutron production

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Fe+C 3000 MeV/u Fe+C 500 MeV/u

Charge changing cross-sections

Cl+C 1000 MeV/u

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Fe+C 3000 MeV/uFe+C 500 MeV/u

Charge changing cross-sections

Cl+C 1000 MeV/u

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12C (95 A MeV) on 5 mm PMMACharge distributions

Data from B. Braunn et al., NIMB 269, 2676-2684 (2011)

Thick target calculation with GEANT4

7° 10° 20°

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12C (200 MeV/u) stopped in 12.78 cm of waterParticle DDXS

Data: K Gunzert-Marx et al., New Journal of Physics 10 (2008) 075003Renormalization needed for d and 4He

Thick target calculation with GEANT4

p d α

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The Intra-Nuclear Cascade model INCL4, which (coupled to ABLA) has proven to be one of the best spallation model for applications, has been extended to light-ion induced reactions and implemented into GEANT4 very promising results despite crude approximations agreement with data similar to QMD, but ~5 times faster

Future work Extension to 10 GeV : multipion channels (done), strangeness

production, antiproton…. (foreseen in the future) Symmetric treatment with interacting potentials

Goal: unified code including HE and LI extensions

Conclusion

neutron sources for material science, condensed matter physics (sns, jparc, ess)

Documents

extension of incl4

abla incl4

incl4 modelv0

c ions

abla07 validation of

nn elast

extension abla07implementation

evaporation residues