Integrative medicine

NeuroscienceIntegrative medicine

1. Neurons in the neostriatum areInhibited by GABA released at corticostriate terminalsInhibited by GABA released at nigrostriatal terminalsInhibited by substance P released at corticostraite terminalsExcited by Ach released from hypothalamic caudate terminalsExcited by glutamate released at corticostriate terminalse32.The primary transmitter released from terminals of both neostriatal and paleostriatal neurons isGlycineEnkephalinDopamineGABAGlutamated43.Since motor dysfunctions associated with disturbances of basal ganglia are expressed on the contralateral side of the body, one may conclude that the basal ganglia project Fibers to the spinal cord that are crossedFibers to motor nuclei of the brainstem whose axons then project to the contralateral spinal cordFibers to structures that ultimately influence motor regions of the ipsilateral cerebral cortexAxons to the cerebellum, whose outputs are known to modulate the contralateral side of the bodyc54.In Huntingtons disease, there is loss ofDopamine in the neostriatumSubstance P in the substantia nigraACH and GABA in intrastriatal and cortical neuronsSerotonin in the neostriatumMost of the pallidal neuronsc65.Damage to the subthalamic nucleus will result inTorsion dystoniaTremor at restHemiballismSpastic paralysisTardive dyskinesiac76. Which of the following drugs ameliorate choreiform movements?Ach blockers because there is excess in thee caudate nucleusDopamine blockers cos there is too low a ratio of ACH to dopamine in the neostraitumSerotonin blockers cos there is too low a ratio of serotonin to ACHSubstance P antagonists cos the rato of substance p to ach is too hich in the neostraitum

7. Tardive dyskinesia is most likely the result ofA change in serotonin receptors that causes a hypersensitivity to serotoninA change in ACH receptors that causes a hypersensitivity to ACHA change in enkephalin receptors that cause a hypersensitivity to enkephalinA change in dopamine receptors that cause a hypersensitivity to Dopamine8. A 26 -year old heroin addict has been using a street version of artificial heroin. The drug actually contains 1- methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine(MTPT). The neurological syndrome for which he is at risk is clinically indistinguishable from which of the following?Huntingtons diseaseHemiballismParkinsons diseaseTardive dyskinesiadystoniac1010.The major afferent input to the floculonodular lobe is fromNucleus dorsalisRed nucleusVestibular nucleiCerebral cortex

c1111.Information arising from the cerebral cortex is known to reach the cerebellum. The fibers carrying it are:Somatotopically distributed to the anterior lobeSomatotopically distributed to the vermis of the anterior and posterior lobesSomatotopically distributed to the cerebellar hemispheresDistributed mainly to the dentate nucleusc12 11.The cerebellum contains a number of important feedback relationships with other areas of the CNS. Fill in the appropriate circuits missing for the remaining questions.

12. Frontal lobe deep pontine nuclei cerebellar cortex motor cortex ( frontal lobe).Fastigial nucleus red nucleusInterposed nucleus red nucleusDentate nucleus ventrolateral ( VL) nucleus of the thalamusPurkinje cell axons Reticular Formationc14