networks protocols

7/30/2019 Networks Protocols

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Network Protocols


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Networking Protocols

A protocol defines the rules of procedures, which

computers must obey when communicating with

each other


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The OSI Reference Model is an abstractdescription for layered communications and

computer network protocol design.


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OSI Model OSI Open Systems Interconnect

The OSI model is a standard used to allow

different vendors to interoperate .

The OSI model is known as a layered protocol,specifying seven (7) layers of interface. Each layer

performs a well defined function.


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Layers of the OSI ModelAll

People

Seem

To

Need

Data

Processing


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Click to view youtube video
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5mPQdiEHrjA


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Layer 1: Physical The physical layer defines how a transmission

medium such as a cable connects to a computer.

This layer also specifies how to physicallymove

data (raw bits) between modems.


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Layer 2: Data Link Divides the stream of bits received from the

network layer into manageable data units called

frames.

Responsible for error-free transfer of frames to

other computer via the Physical Layer.


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Layer 3: Network The network layer identifies computers on a

network and determines how to direct information

transferring over a network.

Responsible for addressing and routing.


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Layer 4: Transport The transport layer corrects errors in transmission and

ensures that information is delivered reliably.

It manages the flow control of data between parties across

the network.

It ensures that the whole message arrives intact and in

order.


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Layer 5: Session Responsible for dialogue control


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Layer 6: Presentation This layer is concerned with ensuring that a

receiving computer understands the information

sent to it.

It converts information from one form to another

Involves data encryption, compression and

translation services.


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Layer 7: Application This layer facilitates user functions and provides

guidelines for network services.

Functions include file, print, message, database,

and application services.


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Benefits of The OSI Model Dividing the complex network operation into more

manageable layers.

Networks can be updated more easily by replacing

individual layers instead of the entire system software.

STOP HERE FOR TODAY


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START HERE

FOR CLASS 2


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HTTPHyperText TransferProtocol

The underlying protocol used by the World WideWeb. HTTP defines how messages are formatted

and transmitted, and what actions Web servers

and browsers should take in response to various

commands.


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HTTP For example, when you enter a URL in your browser, this

actually sends an HTTP command to the Web server

directing it to fetch and transmit the requested Web page.

http://www.webopedia.com

Click here to read another explanation:

http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Http+protocol
http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Http+protocolhttp://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Http+protocol


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FTP

File TransferProtocol

The protocol for exchanging files over the Internet.

FTP is most commonly used to download a file

from a server using the Internet or to upload a file

to a server (e.g., uploading a Web page file to a

server).



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IEEE protocols

Click here to see what the IEEE ishttp://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/0,,sid9_gci214016,00.html
http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/0,,sid9_gci214016,00.htmlhttp://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/0,,sid9_gci214016,00.html


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IEEE802.16g IEEE 802.16 is a series of Wireless Broadband standards

authored by the IEEE.

IEEE 802.16 is written by a working group established by IEEEStandards Board in 1999 to develop standards for the globaldeployment of broadband Wireless Metropolitan AreaNetworks.

The current version is IEEE 802.16-2009 amended by IEEE802.16j-2009. 16g was authored in 2007 for Management PlaneProcedures and Services


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HTTPS HyperText TransferProtocolSecure

Used to access a secure Web server. When https:// isused as the prefix of a Web address rather than the

common http://, the session is managed by a security

protocol, and the transmission is encrypted to andfrom the Web server.

http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia


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STOP HERE FOR TODAY(class2)


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TCP TCP is Responsible for verifying the correct

delivery of data from client to server. Data can be

lost in the intermediate network. TCP adds

support to detect errors or lost data and to trigger

retransmission until the data is correctly and

completely received.


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IP IP is responsible for moving packets of data from

node to node. IP forwards each packet based on a

four byte destination address(the IP number).


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TCP/IP Transmission ControlProtocol/Internet Protocol

The suite of communication protocols used toconnect hosts on the internet.

TCP/IP uses several protocols, the two main onesbeing TCP and IP.



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IEEE802.11a/b Institute ofElectrical andElectronics Engineers


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VoIP Voice overInternet Protocol

A category of hardware and software that enablespeople to use the Internet as the transmission

medium for telephone calls by sending voice data

in packets using IP.


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