network examples

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Network Display Examples

The examples in this section are carried out in the Pathloss network display

POINT TO POINT CONNECTIVITY ANALYSISIn this example, the connectivity between a number of sites will be established using the automated link creation func-

tion. This example illustrates the following:

Importing sites from a CSV file

• The concept of assigned antenna heights

• Link design rules and automated link design

• Selection rejection criteria

The files used in this example are located in the Pathloss program directory. The default installation directory is

C:\Program Files\Pathloss 5.

In the network display, select the Files - New menu item to start this example.

Select the Configure - Set GIS configuration menu item. Then click the GIS Files button and select the Open menu

item. Load the file Example.p5g located in the Examples\DEM_CLU directory in the Pathloss program directory. Thisfile defines the terrain and clutter data base to be used for this point to point connectivity analysis. Click OK to closethe GIS dialog.

Import site text file

Click the Site list button on the network display tool bar or select the View - Site list menu item. In the site list, select

the Import - Site text file menu and load the file Ptp_link.csv located in the Examples/Ptp_link directory in the Pathlossprogram directory. The file is loaded and displayed in the standard text import utility used throughout the Pathloss

program. This is a four step process.

Step 1An import definition file is not used in this example. Set the Data format to Delimited and set the Start import at line

1. Click the Next button.

Step 2 Set the Delimiter to Comma and note that the column alignment has been correctly formatted. Check the Ignore de-

limiters inside quotation marks option and the click the Next button.



Step 3

Column assignments are carried out in this step. Click on a column to select it. Then select the name to be assignedto the column from the drop down list. For this example, the column naming sequence is: Site name, Latitude, Lon-

gitude, Elevation, Tower height and Assigned antenna height.

The assigned antenna height represents the preferred antenna mounting height on that tower. This could representan available space on the tower or some preferred location such as directly below a torsion restrainer.

Click the Next button.

Step 4 In the final step, units and sign conventions are set

for the file. For this example set the following:

• Latitude to +North

• Longitude to +East

• Elevation units to Meters

The Projected coordinates are not applicable to this

example.



Click the Finish button to carry out the import. Note that the Assigned

antenna height does not appear in the site list. Only a subset of thecomplete site data is displayed. To view the complete data set, place

the cursor on the desired line and select the Edit - Edit item menuitem.

Close the Site list and the sites will be displayed.

It is necessary to save the network gr5 file to proceed with the de-

sign. Select the Files - Save menu item and save the file in the Ex-amples\Ptp_link directory using the name Ptp_link.

GIS setup verification

Once the site data has been entered, the extents of the display are

are available and the GIS setup can be tested

Click the Elevation backdrop button to

verify that the terrain database has been correctly setup.

Click the Clutter backdrop button on the network display tool bar to verify that the clutterdatabase has been correctly setup

Click the E and C buttons on the network display tool bar to remove the elevation and clutter backdrops.



Create point to point links

Select the Operations - Create PTP links menu item.In this example, every possible combination of links

between sites will be evaluated for connectivity.Note that this is not practical for a large number of

sites due to the large number of links required. In

most cases, the operation will be from a selectedsite to a group of sites

Link design Rules Click the Link design rules button. This is always thefirst step in any automated link design operation. Se-

lect the Files - Open menu item and load the ll6ghz.ld5

link design rules file located in the directory Exam-ples\Equipmnt.

This example only considers connectivity between

sites. In the Design scope section, select the Generate

terrain profile and Calculate - set antenna heights op-tions. All other options must be unchecked.



Antenna height calculation Click the Antenna heights - tx lines button in the Design methods and specifications section. Select the Use assigned antenna

heights option in the Calculate antenna heights section. All otheroptions should be set as shown. In this method each link will be

analysed using the assigned antenna heights specified in the im-

port text file. Click the Clearance criteria button. The analysis will

be carried out using a single criteria of 100% F1 at K = 1.33

Click the green check button to close the Point to point antenna heights dialog and then click the green check buttonto close the Point to point link design rules dialog.

Display Criteria Click the Display criteria button and set the criteria to

clearance in the Calculation dropdown list. This term isrelative to the clearance criteria and is expressed in feet

or meters. If the value is zero, this means that the clear-ance criteria has been exactly met. If the clearance is

negative, then the clearance criteria has not been met by

this value. If the value is positive, then excess clearanceexists.

The display criteria choice depends on both the Antenna

height calculation method and the Design scope settings.Consider the following:

• Fade margin would not be applicable as no equip-

ment will be added.

• Clearance would not be applicable if the antennaheights were calculated without restricting the

heights to the tower height.

• Antenna heights would not be applicable if the valueswere restricted to the tower heights

Click the green check button to close this dialog.



Click the Create links button. The display shows that the majority of the links have a clearance less that -50 meters.

Selection - rejection criteria The rejection feature will now be used to remove links which did

not meet the clearance criteria. Enter zero in the Less than column

for the Clearance field and click the Reject links button. The dis-

play shows that the links Toms Lake to Demmit and Demmit toBeaverlodge do meet the clearance criteria using the assigned an-tenna heights. All other links meet the clearance criteria. Three

links have an excess clearance greater than 25 meters.



.

The analysis will now be carried out again using calculated anten-

na heights. Click the Link design rules button and then click theAntenna heights - tx lines button. Check the Calculate antenna

heights option and set all other options as show.

Close this dialog and the Link design rules dialog. Click the Create

links button and when the calculation is complete reject all linkswith a clearance less than zero. The display shows that all links

have zero clearance except for the Grand Prairie to Woking linkwhich has a positive clearance. Left click on this link to display the

parameters.



In this case, the minimum antenna height restriction of 5 meters resulted in this positive clearance.

Note that Pathloss data files (pl5) have not been created at this point. All aspects of the design carried out in memory.If the red X (Cancel) button is clicked, all information will be lost and the network display will only show the original

sites.

Finalize links The Finalize links button will add the links in the network display and ifthe Save pl5 data files option is checked, the pl5 files will be created.

This step is not carried out in this example as the intent was to demon-

strate the procedure to determine network connectivity.

LINK DESIGN PROJECTIn this example, three new microwave links will be added to an existingnetwork. The design will involve the following:

• Antenna data files

• Radio data files

• Frequency plan files

• Link design rules and automated link design

• Intra system interference analysis

• Adding frequency data to the master data base (MDB)

• Interference analysis with the MDB.• Creating a group of links

• Multiple link performance analysis

• Project summary report



In the network display, select the Files - Open menu item

and open the project.gr5 file located in the Examples\Projectdirectory. The error message shown will appear if the pro-

gram was not installed in the default directory C:\ProgramFiles\Pathloss 5. The GIS configuration file for this project

(example.p5g) is not on the specified path. This file contains

the terrain database and clutter database definitions whichare required for this example. In this case proceed as fol-

lows:

• Select the Configure - Set GIS configuration menu item.

• Click the GIS files button and the select the Open menu item. Load the file Example.p5g located in the Exam-

ples\dem_clu sub directory in the Pathloss program directory. It will be necessary to change the path names forthe terrain and clutter files.

• Click the Primary DEM tab and then

click the Setup button. Click the Browse button and set the Main directory to the

correct location.

• Repeat the above directory setting forthe Clutter 1 tab.

The network display shows the 3 links from

an existing Dawson Creek site to NS03.

Click the Eleva-

tion backdrop button on the network displaytool bar to verify that the terrain database has

been correctly setup.

Click the Clutter backdrop button on the network

display tool bar to verify that the clutter database

has been correctly setup

Preliminary Setup

The radio and antenna data files required for this example must be add-

ed to the radio and antenna data file indexes.

Select the Configure - Antenna data file index menu item.



Click the Create index button to create an index for the antenna data files required for this example.

• Set the directory tree as shown for the examples\equipmnt directory in the Pathloss program directory.

• Click on the antenna data files “1992.asd” and “1994.asd” in the File column to select these.

• Set the Create index for to the Selected file(s) option and then click the Create index button to add these files to

the antenna data file index.

• Click the Close button and then close the antenna data file index

Select the Configure - Radio data file index menu item.



Click the Create index button to add the required radio data file for this example.


• Click on the radio data file “6706-8.rsd in the File column to select it.

• Set the Create index for to the Selected file(s) option and then click the Create index button to add this file to the

radio data file index.

• Click the Close button and then close the radio data file index

Select the Configure - Frequency plan menu item to access the TX channel lookup table. Select the Files - Open

menu item and open the file “ll6ghz.tc5 located in the examples\equipmnt directory in the Pathloss program directory.

Link design procedure

The design links function will be used to automati-

cally carry out the complete design of the links. Thisfunction operates on links in the network display

which do not have an existing pl5 file association.

Select the Operations - Design links menu item. Ifthe error message on the right appears, the project

example has already been carried out and the pl5files were created in that session. In this case, close

the Design links dialog and delete three links. Right click on each link in turn and select the Delete link menu item.Delete the links and the associated pl5 files. Then re-establish the links by left clicking on a site marker and dragging

to the next site.



Click the Link design rules button to bring up the

Point to point link design rules dialog. Then se-lect the Files - Open menu item and load the link

design rules file ll6ghz.ld5 located in the exam-ples\equipmnt directory. This file contains all of

the equipment specifications and calculation op-

tions for the design. The links will be designedaccording to these rules.

The link design rules consist of three parts:

• Calculation options (menu item)

• Design scope

• Design method and specifications

Click each of the buttons in the Design methods

and specifications section and review the settings. Inparticular check the Antenna heights - tx lines item.

Click the Clearance criteria button to view the currently defined clearance criteria. The antenna heights will be calcu-

lated using these values. If the resulting antenna height at either site is greater that the tower height specified in theSite list , then that antenna height will be set to the tower height and the other antenna height will be recalculated.

Select the Calculation options menu item and review these settings. It is important to note that the calculation options

apply only to the link design rules file l l6Ghz.ld5. Close the Calculation options .

Close the Link design rules dialog with the green check. The red X will cancel any changes made.

Click the Display criteria button and set the criteria in the dropdown list to Clearance. This criteria is only applicablewhen the calculated antenna heights are limited to the tower heights. A value of zero means that the clearance cri-



teria has been exactly met. A negative value means that the calculated clearance is less than the objective by that

amount.

Click the Design links button. The links will be designed and thecalculated clearance will be color coded on the display. In this ex-

ample the clearance on each link is zero indicating that the clear-ance criteria has been met.

Note that no pl5 files have been created at this point. The entire

design is stored in memory. Once a design has been generatedthe Finalize links button is activated. This step will create the as-

sociated pl5 files. Click this button and set the file naming conven-tion to Site names and then click the green check. A Save file

dialog box will appear for the first file only, for the sole purpose of

setting the directory for the pl5 files. Use the project directory.

Close the Design links dialog. The design in now complete. Foreach link in turn left click on the link and select the Transmission

analysis menu item. Verify that all aspects of the design have beencarried out.

Frequency Assignments

The next step will be to assign the channel frequencies. These are required for an interference analysis. Select the

Operations - Frequency assignments menu item and follow the steps below:

• Set the Channel number to “6h - 6l”. A two frequency plan will be used in this example.



• Click the Identify high frequency site(s) button and click on the Dawson Creek site marker. All other sites will be

automatically site to follow the high - low sequence.

• Click the Toggle polarization H <-> V button and then click on the NS02 - NS03 link to change its polarization to

horizontal.

• Click the Add new channel assignment button. This will automatically add the channel frequency and polariza-tion to the pl5 files.

This completes the channel assignments step. Click the Red X to close this dialog.

Intra system interference analysis

In this step an interference calculation will be carried out. Two methods are commonly used to determine the accept-

able levels of an interfering signal:

• The maximum threshold degradation per each interference exposure. This is the usual method of coordination

between different users

• The overall reduction in performance of the system due to all interference cases. This criteria will be used in this

example project

Select the Interference - Calculate interfer-

ence menu item and set the parameters andoptions as shown.

In this example project, most of the interfer-

ence cases will be due to the front to back ratio of the antennas. In the dia-gram on the right, the NS02 receiver from NS01 is receiving an interfering

signal from the transmitter an NS01 towards Dawson Creek. In these casesthe interfering signal travels over the same path as the desired signal. This

condition is referred to as fade correlation. When fading occurs on the NS01

to NS02 link, both the desired signal and the interfering signal will be atten-uated. This mechanism will effectively reduce the effect of the interference

and can be taken into account using the fade correlation options.



Click the Correlation options button

to set the correlation for mulitpathand rain fades.

There are two levels of correlation

for multipath fades which depend onthe antenna heights. In the diagram

above, if the antenna heights atNS01 are the same in the directions

to Dawson Creek and NSO2, then

this can be considered to be fullycorrelated; otherwise the fade in

considered to be partially correlated.In the project example, 6 and 10 dB

factors are applied to partially correlated and correlated fades respectively. Rain is not a factor in this frequency band.Click the OK button to close the Correlation options dialog.

Click the Calculate button to run the calculation. Do not save the results.

Select the Interference - View error log menu item to verify that no errors have occurred in the analysis.

Several report formats are provided to analyze the results. The case detail report provides the highest level of detail.

Select the Interference - Reports - Case detail menu item. Step through the interference cases and sub cases. The

vertical green arrows change the receiver case and the red horizontal arrows step through the transmitter interferers.

At the end of each case, a composite performance degradation is provided as shown in the example below.

Case 3 - NS01 from NS02

Composite performance degradation

Interfering level (dBm)

Dawson Creek -105.11 Uncorrelated - Multipath 0.0 dB

NS02 -110.44 Partially correlated - Multipath 6.0 dB

Composite level (dBm) -104.00

Threshold degradation (dB) 4.85

Multipath (dB) 4.33 (-104.81 dBm) including correlation



Adding interference results to Pathloss data files

In this step the interference results aretransferred to the individual pl5 files

and the performance including thethreshold degradation produced by

the interference will be available.

Select the Interference - Update Path-

loss files - Update threshold degradation menu item

For each link in turn left click on the

link and select the Transmission analysis menu item. Then select the Oper-

ations - Interference menu item toview degradation values.

Performance Report

In order to use the performance report, the links

must first be added to a group. Select the Config- ure - Group manager menu item.

Click the New group button and enter a name for

the group (Links)

Select the Links option in the Display section.

Select the Add option in the Cursor mode section.

There are several ways to add links to the newly

created group:

• Click on the link lines in the network display to

add it to the group,

• Click the Add all button (>>) to add all of thelinks in the network display into the group.

• Select the links in the Add from source list

and then click the Add button (>)



Click the green check to exit the Add-edit

groups.

Select the Operations - Performance report menu item. Use the keys on the right side of the

display to organize the sequence and order ofthe links.

Click the Objectives button and select the calcu-

lation method used for the link design step. In the example project,the total annual time below level is used.

The objectives can be relative to a hypothetical reference path

(HRP) in which case the length of this path must be specified or to

the total path length of the links.

In this case the annual availability objective for the end to end pathis 99.998%.

Close the Objectives dialog and click the Report button.

The report for the example project is shown below.

Total time below level

Objectives

Reference section length 133.19 km

Annual availability (%) 99.9980

Annual unavailability (sec) 630.72



Site 1 Site 2 Distance RX-S1 RX-S2 Total

DAWSON CREEK NS01 42.43 km 99.99995 16.8 99.99992 24.8 99.99987 41.6

99.99936 200.9 99.99936 200.9

NS01 NS02 56.66 km 99.99945 172.5 99.99940 187.8 99.99886 360.3

99.99915 268.3 99.99915 268.3

NS02 NS03 34.09 km 99.99998 5.6 99.99998 5.3 99.99997 10.9

99.99949 161.5 99.99949 161.5

133.19 km 99.99938 194.9 99.99931 217.9

99.99800 630.7 99.99800 630.7

Objectives are shown in blue

Interference analysis using the Master data base (MDB)

In this step, an interference analysis will be carried out between the three project links and the actual frequency

records in the area of the project. A data source will first be created and populated with these records.

The first step will be to create a new data source specifically for the example project. Do not use an existing datasource. Alternately you can simply delete the tables from an unused data source and restart the Pathloss program.

Refer to the Pathloss Master Database (MDB) reference for the procedures to create the data source.

The example project is located in northern British Columbia and Alberta. Canadian TAFL frequency data will be used

for the analysis.The data will be imported using the standard text data import feature. Select the Configure - Master database - Add site / frequency data to MDB menu item and load the file LL6_TAFL.TXT located in the Exam-

ples\Project\Tafl sub directory in the Pathloss program directory.

The data is formatted in columns. Click the Load import definitions button and load the file TAFL.ID5 located in thesame directory as the data file.



Click the Next button and verify the column definitions have been set.

Click the Next button again and verify that the column headers have been defined.

Click the Next button again and set the specific import options for this data as shown below:

The Height units, Polarization, Frequency and Power setting are the only options applicable to TAFL data. The TAFLcoordinate format is uniquely handled.

Note the Antenna Xref and Radio Xref buttons. These are used to define a cross reference between the data file

names in the import file and the data file names used in the program. The antenna data file names in the TAFL fileare not the same as the antenna manufacturers names and there are no radio file names. The cross referencing

method will not be used in this import. Instead the interference analysis will be carried out using default antenna and

radio curves based on the 3 dB beamwith and the emission designator for the antennas and radios respectively.

The Import filter is not used and should be blank. The TAFL data

files has been modified to include only the data in the LL6 frequency

band. The data for the entire country will be imported.

Click the Finish button to carry out the import.



Select the Interference - Calculate interfer-

ence menu item.

Set the Study scope to Analyze links againstMDB sites,

Check the Use default antenna patterns in

MDB and the Use default radio curves in MDB options.

Click the Calculate button to run the interfer-

ence analysis. Then select the Interference - Reports - Case detail menu item. A sample

case detail report is shown below. The follow-

ing points should be noted:

• The radio file name is the radio emission

designator in the database. This was used

to determine the necessary bandwidth andcreate the default TX emission and RX

selectivity curves

• The antenna data name (Default _AA_1_6) represents a default antenna with 1.6 degree 3 dB beamwith, 60 dBfront to back ration and 30 dB boresight cross polarized discrimination.

• Some data entries are missing. For example the threshold degradation is not calculated for receivers in the data-base as the required receive noise floor level is not available

Case 8 - DEMMIT, ALBERTA

Sub Case 1 of 2

Victim RX Interfering TX

DEMMIT, ALBERTADAWSON CREEK

CHW612

Latitude55 27 43.00 N55 48 09.00 N

Longitude119 53 27.00 W119 53 27.00 W

True azimuth (°)331.30 40.46

Coordinating station NS01

Antenna model HPX8-58W

UsageTR TR

Antenna file nameDefault_AA_1_61992

Antenna height (m)49.00 6.99Antenna gain (dBi)40.80 40.80

PolarizationVertical Vertical

Discrimination angle (°)0.45111.02

Radio model MDR-6706-8

Radio file name5M00D7WET6706-8



RX - TX loss (dB)0.00 2.44

TX power (dBm)29.00

ATPC range (dB)

RX noise floor (dBm)

Frequency (MHz)5912.37505912.3750

Channel ID 6h

V-I distance (km)43.10

V-I free space loss (dB)140.59

V-I atmospheric absorption loss (dB)0.29

Antenna discrimination (dB)HHHVVVVH

Interfering TX65.0069.0067.0066.90

Victim RX1.3030.001.30 30.00

Total discrimination (dB)66.3070.3068.3068.20

Interfering level (dBm)-99.02-103.02-101.02-100.92

Performance degradation

Objective (dBm)-115.00

Interfering level (dBm)-101.02

Frequency separation (MHz)0.00

Filter improvement (dB)0.00(rxsel_mask - txem_data)

Other loss (dB)

Short term - long term (%)80.000099.9900

OHLOSS (dB)

Adjusted interfering level (dBm)-101.02

C to I (dB)

Threshold degradation (dB) Uncorrelated

LOCAL STUDYIn this example, the feasibility of using three base stations to provide signal coverage over an area is carried out. This

example illustrates the following:

• Importing sites from a CSV file

• Base station definition

• Local study generation

The files used in this example are located in the Pathloss program directory. The default installation directory is

C:\Program Files\Pathloss 5.

In the network display, select the Files - New menu item to start this example. Select the Configure - Set GIS configuration menu item. Then click the GIS Files button and select the Open menu item. Load the file Example.p5g located



in the Examples\DEM_CLU directory in the Pathloss program directory. This file defines the terrain and clutter data

base to be used for this local study.

Import site text file

Click the Site list button on the network display tool bar or select the View - Site list menu item. In the site list, select

the Import - Site text file menu item and load the file Lclstudy.csv located in the Examples/Lclstudy directory in the

Pathloss program directory. The file is loaded and displayed in the standard text import utility used throughout thePathloss program. This is a four step process.

Step 1An import definition file is not used in this example. Set the Data format to Delimited and set the Start import at line

1. Click the Next button.

Step 2 Set the Delimiter to Comma and note that the column alignment has been correctly formatted. Check the Ignore de- limiters inside quotation marks option and the click the Next button.

Step 3

Column assignments arecarried out in this step.Click on a column to se-

lect it. Then select thename to be assigned to

the column from the drop

down list. For this exam-ple, the column naming

sequence is:

Site name

Latitude

Longitude

Elevation

Tower height.

Click the Next button.



Step 4

In the final step, units and sign conventions are set

for the file. For this example, set the following:

• Latitude to +North

• Longitude to +East

• Elevation units to Meters

The Projected coordinates are not applicable to thisexample.

Click the Finish button to carry out the import.

Close the Site list and the three sites will be dis-

played.

It is necessary to save the network gr5 file to pro-

ceed with the design. Select the Files - Save menuitem and save the file in the Examples\Lclstudy directory using the name Lclstudy.

Click the Elevation backdrop button to verify that the terrain database has been correctlysetup.

Click the Clutter backdrop button on the network display tool bar to verify that the clutter da-tabase has been correctly setup

Click the E and C buttons on the network display tool bar to remove the elevation and clutter backdrops.

Add radio and antenna data

The radio and antenna data files required for this example must be added to the radio and antenna data file indexes.

Select the Configure - Antenna data file index menu item.



Click the Create index button to create an index for the antenna data files used in the local study example.


• Click on the antenna data files “cpuod.asd” and “base_120.asd” in the File column to select these.


the antenna data file index.

• Click the Close button and then close the antenna data file index

Select the Configure - Radio data file index menu item.



.Click the Create index button to create an index for the required radio data files.


• Click on the radio data files “W3500_base.rsd” and “W3500_cpuod.rsd” in the File column to select these.


the radio data file index.

• Click the Close button and then close the radio data file index

These are OFDM radios. The specifica-tions for the different base station radio

modulation rates are shown. This data isthe basis to display Throughput .



Create base stations

A base station can be created at any site by right clicking on the site legendand then selecting the Base station - Create / edit menu item. In this exam-

ple, the base stations will defined for all three sites. Select the Studies - Base stations - Create menu item on the network display menu bar.

Note that the Define base stations for group dropdown list is set to All sites Set the Application type to adaptive modulation in the dropdown list and set

the frequency to 3500 MHz.

Click the Antenna heights - transmission lines but-

ton. The tower heights in the site data text file will be

used for the base station antenna heights. The re-mote antenna heights are 2 meters. Note that a de-

fault base station antenna height is required in theevent that the tower height has not been specified.

Transmission lines are not required with this radio

Click the green check button to close the dialog.

Antenna coupling unit data is not used in this exam-

ple. All entries should be blank.



.Click the Base - mobile specifications button.

Click the Base antenna file button and add the base_120 antenna.

Click the Base radio file button and add the WIMAX 3500 radio.

Click the Remote antenna file button and add the cpuod antenna.

Click the Remote radio file button and add the WIMAX 3500 cpuod radio.Set the Number of sectors to 3 in the Sector definition section. The sector radio and antennas will be the same as

sector 1.

Click the green check box to close this dialog

Click the green check box on the Create base stations dialog and base stations will be added to the three sites. Thesites still retain their point to point functionality.



Generate Local Studies

A local study can be created at any site by right clicking on the site legendand then selecting the Local study - Create / edit menu item. In this ex-

ample, the local studies will be defined and generated for all three basestations. Select the Studies - Local studies - Create / edit menu item.

Set the radius to 35 kilometers and the cell size to 200 meters. This willresult in 1004 radial profiles for each base station. If a 100 meter cell size

is specified, 2056 radial profiles will be required and the operation willtake twice as long.

Initially set the Uplink - Downlink to Receive at mobile.

Click the Display criteria button and select the Data throughput (RSS) op-

tion. This option is only available if an adaptive modulation radio data file

has been loaded into the base stations. Note that all signal levels are

fixed in this case. Only the colors can be changed.



Click the Generate local studies button. The analysis is carried out for each base station and the results are present-

ed in a composite display which shows the best result in each cell.a

Generate an elevation backdrop. The white “no signal” areas are in deep river gorges in the area. The results aremarginal in the direction receive at the mobile station. Select the Studies - Local study - Create /edit menu item and

change the Uplink - downlink direction to Receive at base station . Note that the profile generation and loss calculationoperation is not carried out again. Only the receive level calculations are carried out

The the results show that the system is not useable in this direction. The legend show that 60% of the area has no

signal. This is a result of the different system gains (151 to 165 dB) in each direction.

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