nervi glave i vrata
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fibers: for the
sternocleidomastoid m. from the
ventral primary
rami of spinal nn.C2 and C3 - for
trapezius viaventral primary
rami of C3 and C4
alveolar, anterior
superior
infraorbital n. dental plexus none maxillary canine and
incisor teeth and
gingiva; maxillary
sinus
anterior superior
alveolar n. is
enclosed in bone its
entire length
alveolar, inferior mandibular division of the
trigeminal n.(V3)
n. to mylohyoid;inferior dental
plexus; mentalnerve
mylohyoid muscleand anterior belly
of the digastric m.via n. to
mylohyoid
teeth of themandible; skin of the
chin
inferior alveolar n. passes through the
mandibular canal;the mental n. is its
terminal branch
which emergesthrough the mental
foramen
alveolar, middlesuperior
infraorbital n. dental plexus none maxillary premolar teeth and gingiva;
maxillary sinus
middle superior alveolar n. is
enclosed in bone itsentire length
alveolar, posterior superior
maxillary n. dental plexus none maxillary molar teeth and gingiva;
maxillary sinus
posterior superior alveolar n. enters
bone by passing
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through the small
foramina on the posterior surface of
the maxilla
ansa cervicalis superior root(C1 and C2) and
inferior root (C2and C3) of the
ansa cervicalis
to infrahyoidmuscles
omohyoid m.,sternohyoid m.,
sternothyroid m.,thyrohyoid m.,
geniohyoid m.
none superior andinferior roots of the
ansa cervicalis arealso known as the
anterior and posterior roots
anterior deep
temporal n.
mandibular
division of thetrigeminal n.
(V3)
no named
branches
temporalis m. no cutaneous
branches
a branch of the
motor root of CNV; temporalis m.
developed from themesenchyme of the
first pharyngealarch
anterior ethmoidal
n.
nasociliary n. internal & external
nasal brs.
none mucous membrane
lining the anterior ethmoid air cells and
upper anterior part of
the nasal cavity; skinof the lower half of
the nose
anterior ethmoidal
n. passes from theorbit into the
anterior ethmoidal
foramen, passesthrough the
cribriform plate, passes anteriorly on
cribriform plate,then exits the
cranial cavity
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through the
ethmoid fissureinto the nasal
cavity
anterior superior alveolar n.
infraorbital n. dental plexus none maxillary canine andincisor teeth and
gingiva; maxillarysinus
anterior superior alveolar n. is
enclosed in bone itsentire length
auriculotemporaln.
mandibular division of the
trigeminal n.
(V3)
parotid brs.,articular brs.,
anterior auricular
brs.
secretomotor tothe parotid gland
by carrying
postganglionic parasympathetic
fibers from theotic ganglion;
[preganglionic parasympathetic
fibers originate in
the lesser petrosal br. of the
glossopharyngealn. (IX)]
skin of anterior ear and the skin
anterosuperior to the
ear; part of theexternal auditory
meatus;temporomandibular
joint
two roots of theauriculotemporal n.
encircle the middle
meningeal a.
brachial plexus ventral primary
rami of C5-8and T1
dorsal scapular,
long thoracic, n. tosubclavius,
suprascapular,lateral and medial
pectoral, medial
muscles of the
upper limb,excluding
trapezius
skin of the upper
limb
plexus is a latin
word meaning"braid"; axons from
spinal cord levelsC5-T1 are mixed
(braided) in the
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brachial and
antebrachialcutaneous, upper,
middle and lower
subscapular,musculocutaneous,
ulnar, median,axillary, radial
brachial plexus and
repackaged intoterminal branches
so that each branch
contains axonsfrom several spinal
cord segmentallevels
buccal branch of the trigeminal n.
mandibular division of the
trigeminal n.
(V3)
no named branches
no motor branches skin of the cheek,mucosa lining the
cheek
not a motor nerve;easily confused
with the buccal
branch of the facial
n.
buccal branches of the facial n.
facial n. (VII) no sensory branches
zygomaticusmajor & minor,
buccinator,orbicularis oris,
levator anguli
oris, levator labiisuperioris &
alaque nasi,risorius, procerus,
nasalis
no sensory branches not a sensorynerve; easily
confused with the buccal branch of
the trigeminal n.
C1 ventral primaryramus
C1 spinal n. contributes to thesuperior root of
the ansa cervicalis; brs. to: rectus
capitis anterior
rectus capitisanterior and
lateralis, longuscapitis, omohyoid,
sternohyoid,
none C1 contributes tothe cervical plexus
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and lateralis mm.,
longus capitis m.
sternothyroid,
thyrohyoid,geniohyoid
C2 ventral primary
ramus
C2 spinal n. contributes to:
superior andinferior roots of
the ansa cervicalis,lesser occipital n.,
great auricular n.,transverse cervical
n.; brs. to: longus
capitis & colli,
sternocleidomastoid
omohyoid,
sternohyoid,sternothyroid,
thyrohyoid,longus capitis and
longus colli
skin behind the ear
and on the neck below the mandible;
proprioception fromthe
sternocleidomastoidm.
C2 contributes to
the cervical plexus
C3 ventral primary
ramus
C3 spinal n. contributes to:
inferior root of theansa cervicalis,
great auricular n.,
transverse cervicaln., supraclavicular
nn., phrenic n.; brs. to: longus
capitis & colli,
scalenus medius,levator scapulae,
trapezius
omohyoid,
sternohyoid,sternothyroid,
longus capitis &
colli, scalenusmedius, levator
scapulae,respiratory
diaphragm
skin of the
anterolateral neck; proprioception from
the
sternocleidomastoidm. and the trapezius
m
C3 contributes to
the cervical plexus
C4 ventral primary
ramus
C4 spinal n. contributes to:
supraclavicular
longus colli,
scalenus medius,
skin of the root of
the neck and the
C4 contributes to
the cervical plexus
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nn., phrenic n.;
brs. to: longuscolli, scalenus
medius, levator
scapulae, trapezius
levator scapulae,
respiratorydiaphragm
upper shoulder;
proprioception fromthe trapezius m.
C5 ventral primary
ramus
C5 spinal n. contributes to:
phrenic n., longthoracic n.
respiratory
diaphragm,scalene mm.,
muscles of theshoulder and
upper arm
skin of the ventral
arm and ventralforearm
joins the ventral
primary ramus of C6 to form the
superior trunk of the brachial plexus
C6 ventral primaryramus
C6 spinal n. contributes to:long thoracic n.
scalene mm.,muscles of the
lower shoulder and arm
skin of the lateralside of the upper
limb
joins the ventral primary ramus of
C5 to form thesuperior trunk of
the brachial plexus
C7 ventral primary
ramus
C7 spinal n. contributes to:
long thoracic n.
muscles of the
lower shoulder,
arm forearm
skin of the posterior
side of the upper
limb
continues as the
middle trunk of the
brachial plexus
C8 ventral primary
ramus
C8 spinal n. no named
branches
muscles of the
forearm and hand
skin of the medial
side of the upper limb
joins the ventral
primary ramus of T1 to form the
inferior trunk of the
brachial plexus
cardiac,
sympathetic
cervical
sympathetictrunk
no named
branches
heart
(sympathetic:increases rate and
heart, bronchial tree
and lungs
cervical
sympathetic trunk usually gives 3
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force of
contraction, parasympathetic:
decreases rate andforce of contraction);
bronchial tree &lungs via
pulmonary plexus
cervical cardiac
brs. l (superior,middle and
inferior) to thecardiac plexus
cardiac, vagal vagus n. (X) no named
branches
heart
(parasympathetic:
decreases rate and
force of contraction;sympathetic:
increases rate and
force of contraction);
bronchial tree andlungs via
pulmonary plexus
heart, bronchial tree
and lungs
vagus n. has 2
cervical cardiac
brs. (superior and
inferior) and 1 or more thoraciccardiac brs.
carotid body, n. to glossopharynge
al n. (IX)
no named
branches
none sensory receptors in
the carotid body and
carotid sinus
chemoreception
(blood pH) in
carotid body; blood pressure receptors
in carotid sinus; both located near
the bifurcation of the common
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carotid a.; the
vagus n. (X) mayshare a role in this
innervation
carotid plexus,external
superior cervicalganglion of the
sympathetictrunk, via the
external carotidn.
distributes alongthe brs. of the
external carotidartery
vascular smoothmuscle, arrector
pili muscles,sweat glands of
face & upper neck
none postganglionicsympathetic nerve
fibers use arteriesas roadways to
enter the head andneck
carotid plexus,
internal
superior cervical
ganglion of thesympathetic
trunk, via theinternal carotid
n.
most distribute
along the brs. of the internal carotid
artery, althoughthe deep petrosal
n. is an exception because it runs a
short course
independent of anartery
vascular smooth
muscle of the brain, orbit,
forehead, upper nasal cavity;
arrector pilimuscles of
forehead and
anterior scalp;sweat glands of
the forehead;dilator pupillae m.
none postganglionic
sympathetic nervefibers use arteries
as roadways toenter the head and
neck
carotid, external superior cervical
sympatheticganglion
contributes to the
external carotid plexus
vascular smooth
muscle of theinternal carotid
system of vessels;sweat glands,
arrector pili mm.
none there may be two
or more externalcarotid nn. that join
the external carotid plexus from the
superior cervical
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of the skin of the
forehead
ganglion
carotid, internal superior cervicalsympathetic
ganglion
contributes to theinternal carotid
plexus
vascular smoothmuscle of the
external carotidsystem of vessels;
sweat glands,arrector pili mm.
of the skin of theface and scalp
none internal carotid n.appears to be the
upwardcontinuation of the
sypathetic trunk
cervical plexus ventral primary
rami of spinalnerves C1-C4
brs. to: longus
colli & capitis,sternocleidomastoi
d m., trapezius m.,levator scapulae
m., scalenusmedius m., rectus
capitis anterior
and lateralis mm.;superior & inferior
root of the ansacervicalis, n. to the
thyrohyoid m., n.
to the geniohyoidm., lesser occipital
n., great auricular n., transverse
cervical n.,supraclavicular nn.
longus colli &
capitis mm.,rectus capitis
anterior &lateralis mm.,
infrahyoid mm.,thyrohyoid m.,
geniohyoid m.,
respiratorydiaphragm
skin of the
anterolateral neck;skin of the ear and
skin behind the ear
close association of
the supraclavicular nn. to the phrenic
n. results in painfrom the
respiratorydiaphragm referred
to the shoulder
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(medial,
intermediate andlateral),
contributions tothe phrenic n.from C3 and C4
cervicofacialdivision
facial (VII) buccal br.,marginal
mandibular br.,cervical br.
muscles of facialexpression of the
lower part of theface; platysma m.
none cervicofacialdivision usually
forms a loop bycommunication
with the
temporofacial
division of thefacial n.
chorda tympani facial (VII) no named
branches
secretomotor to
the submandibular and sublingual
glands (it carries
preganglionic parasympathetic
axons to thesubmandibular
ganglion)
taste to the anterior
2/3 of the tongue
chorda tympani
joins the lingualnerve in the
infratemporal fossa
and continues withit to the tongue
ciliary ganglion preganglionic parasympathetic
axons arrive viathe inferior
division of the
postganglionic parasympathetic
axons whichdistribute via short
ciliary nn.
sphincter pupillaem., ciliary m. of
the eye
none a parasympatheticganglion; ciliary
ganglion is locatedon the lateral side
of the optic n. near
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oculomotor n.
(III)
the apex of the
orbit; sensory andsympathetic axons
pass through theciliary ganglionwithout synapse -
the sensory root iscarried via the
nasociliary n.andthe sympathetic
root arrives in the
orbit via theinternal carotid a.
ciliary, long nasociliary no named branches
none eyeball (GSA) these nerves bypassthe ciliary ganglion
ciliary, short ciliary ganglion:sensory root -
from the
nasociliary n.(a branch of V1);
sympathetic root- from the
internal carotid
plexus; parasympathetic
root - from theinferior division
of theoculomotor n.
multiple shortciliary nn. which
leave the ciliary
ganglion anteriorly
sphincter pupillae& ciliary mm.
(parasympathetic),
dilator pupillae(sympathetic)
eyeball (GSA) short ciliary nn. aremixed nerves
which contain
sensory and 2 typesof autonomic nerve
fibers; postganglionic
parasympathetic
neurons whoseaxons are located in
these nerves havetheir cell bodies
located in theciliary ganglion
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(III)
cochlear n. vestibulocochle
ar n.
no named
branches
none hearing (SSA) exits the posterior
cranial fossa by passing into the
internal acousticmeatus
cranial nn. nuclei located inthe brain,
branistem andupper cervical
spinal cord
12 pairs: olfactory,optic, oculomotor,
trochlear,trigeminal,
abducens, facial,
vestibulocochlear,glossopharyngeal,
vagus, accessory,hypoglossal
eye muscles,muscles of
mastication,middle ear, face,
tongue, pharynx,
larynx, mostsuprahyoid
muscles,sternocleidomasto
id m., trapeziusm., smooth
muscle of the gut,
cardiac muscle, bronchial smooth
muscle, salivary,lacrimal and
mucous glands in
the head and neck;glands of
digestive system
smell, vision, taste,hearing, balance,
general sensationform the skin of the
face, sense from
viscera of the head,neck, thorax and
abdomen (proximalto the splenic
flexure)
details about eachcranial nerve may
be found elsewherein this chart
deep petrosal n. internal carotid
plexus
no named
branches
vascular smooth
muscle of the
none deep petrosal n.
joins the greater
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mucous
membranes of thelower nasal
cavity, maxillarysinus and palate
petrosal n. to form
the n. of the pterygoid canal; the
deep petrosal n.contains postganglionic
sympathetic axons(synapse occurred
in the superior cervical
sympathetic
ganglion)
digastric m., posterior belly, n.to
facial n. (VII) no named branches
posterior belly of the digastric m.
none the anterior belly of the digastric m. isformed by
mesenchyme from
the 1st pharyngealarch and is supplied
by the n. to themylohyoid m. (V3)
dorsal scapular n. brachial plexus(br. of C5
ventral primary
ramus)
no named branches
rhomboideusmajor and minor
mm.; levator
scapulae m.
none dorsal scapular n. passes through the
scalenus medius m.
esophageal plexus right and left
vagus (X) nn.;thoracic visceral
brs. of the
anterior and
posterior vagaltrunks
preganglionic
parasympatheticaxons from the
vagus n. supply
vagus: GVA from
the esophagus andabdominal gut
proximal to the left
during
development of thegut, the stomach
and esophagus
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sympathetic
trunk
smooth muscle
and glands of thethoracic
esophagus andabdominal gut andits derivatives
proximal to theleft colic flexure;
postganglionicsympathetic axons
from the thoracic
visceral brs.supply vascular
smooth muscle inthe esophageal
vessels
colic flexure;
thoracic visceral brs.carry pain from
the esophagus
rotate 90° to the
right with the resultthat the left and
right vagus nervesmix in theesophageal plexus
and emerge asanterior and
posterior vagaltrunks
ethmoidal, anterior nasociliary n. internal & externalnasal brs.
none mucous membranelining the anterior
ethmoid air cells andupper anterior part of
the nasal cavity; skinof the lower half of
the nose
anterior ethmoidaln. passes from the
orbit into theanterior ethmoidal
foramen, passesthrough the
cribriform plate, passes anteriorly oncribriform plate,
then exits thecranial cavity
through the
ethmoid fissure
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into the nasal
cavity
ethmoidal, posterior
nasociliary n. no named branches
none mucous membranelining the posterior
ethmoid air cells andsphenoid sinus
posterior ethmoidaln. exits the orbit by
passing through the posterior ethmoid
foramen
external carotid n. superior cervical
sympatheticganglion
contributes to the
external carotid plexus
vascular smooth
muscle of theinternal carotid
system of vessels;
sweat glands,arrector pili mm.
of the skin of theforehead
none there may be two
or more externalcarotid nn. that join
the external carotid
plexus from thesuperior cervical
ganglion
external carotid plexus
superior cervicalganglion of the
sympathetic
trunk, via theexternal carotid
n.
distributes alongthe brs. of the
external carotid
artery
vascular smoothmuscle, arrector
pili muscles,
sweat glands of face & upper neck
none postganglionicsympathetic nerve
fibers use arteries
as roadways toenter the head and
neck
facial n. pons and
medulla:
nucleussolitarius of
medulla vianervus
intermedius
greater petrosal n.
(preganglionic
parasympathetic to pterygopalatine
ganglion, postganglionic
parasympathetic
stapedius m.,
stylohyoid m.,
posterior belly of digastric m.,
muscles of facialexpression;
secretomotor to
taste (SVA) from the
anterior 2/3 of the
tongue; part of theskin of the external
auditory meatus
also known as: CN
VII, 7th cranial
nerve; exits the posterior cranial
fossa by passinginto the internal
acoustic meatus,
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(SVA sensory
root) fromgeniculate
ganglion;superior salivatory
nucleus (GVE preganglionic
parasympathetic) of pons via
nervus
intermedius;facial motor
nucleus of ponsvia motor root
travels with brs. of
maxillary divisionof V), chorda
tympani (SVAtaste from anterior 2/3 of the tongue;
preganglionic parasympathetic to
the submandibular ganglion,
postganglionic
parasympathetic tothe submandibular
and sublingualglands), n. to
stapedius,
posterior auricular n., intraparotid
plexus withtemporal,
zygomatic, buccal,marginal
mandibular &
cervical brs.
lacrimal,
submandibular,sublingual, and
mucous glands of the nasal and oralcavities
goes through the
facial canal; motor to muscles of facial
expression exits theskull at thestylomastoid
foramen
frontal ophthalmic
division of thetrigeminal n.
(V1)
supraorbital n.,
supratrochlear n.
none skin of the forehead
and the medial partof the upper eyelid;
mucous membrane
of the frontal sinus
the most superior
linear structurewithin the orbit
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ganglia,
sympathetic chain
preganglionic
sympatheticfibers arrive via
white ramicommunicantesof ventral
primary rami of spinal nerves
T1-L2
postganglionic
sympathetic fibersdepart via gray
ramicommunicantes toall spinal nn.;
internal & externalcarotid nn.;
cervical cardiac brs.; thoracic
direct visceral brs.;
greater, lesser &least thoracic
splanchnic nn.;lumbar splanchnic
nn.; sacral
splanchnic nn.
dilator pupillae,
vascular smoothmuscle, arrector
pili muscles,sweat glands,suprarenal
medulla, heart,lungs and gut
pain from viscera located lateral to
the vertebral bodiesin the neck, thorax
& abdominopelviccavity; the ganglia plus their
interconnectingfibers are also
known as thesympathetic trunk;
preganglionic cell
bodies are locatedin the
intermediolateralgray matter of
spinal cord levels
T1-L2
ganglion, ciliary preganglionic
parasympatheticaxons arrive via
the inferior division of the
oculomotor n.(III)
postganglionic
parasympatheticaxons which
distribute via shortciliary nn.
sphincter pupillae
m., ciliary m. of the eye
none a parasympathetic
ganglion; ciliaryganglion is located
on the lateral sideof the optic n. near
the apex of theorbit; sensory andsympathetic axons
pass through theciliary ganglion
without synapse -
the sensory root is
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carried via the
nasociliary n.andthe sympathetic
root arrives in theorbit via theinternal carotid a.
ganglion,geniculate
facial n. (VII)(chorda tympani
branch)
nervus intermedius(SVA sensory root
of facial n.)
none taste (SVA) from theanterior 2/3 of the
tongue
a sensory ganglionequivalent in
histologicalstructure and
function to a dorsal
root ganglion;
some taste from the palate travelsthrough the greater
petrosal n. to the
geniculateganglion; located in
the facial canalwithin the petrous
portion of thetemporal bone
ganglion, otic preganglionic parasympatheticvia the lesser
petrosal, fromthe tympanic n.
of theglossopharynge
postganglionic parasympatheticaxons distribute
with the parotid brs. of the
auriculotemporaln. (from V3)
secretomotor tothe parotid gland
none a parasympatheticganglion; the oticganglion hangs off
of the mandibular division of the
trigeminal n. (V3)inferomedial to the
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al n. (IX) foramen ovale
ganglion,
pterygopalatine
preganglionic
parasympatheticaxons arrive via
the n. of the pterygoid canal
from greater petrosal n. of
the facial n(VII);
postganglionic
sympathetic
axons arrive viathe n. of the pterygoid canal
from the deep
petrosal n.
postganglionic
parasympatheticaxons distribute
via the greater &lesser palatine nn.,
nasopalatine n.,sphenopalatine n.
and zygomatic n.
secretomotor to:
mucous glands of the palate, nasal
cavity, lacrimalgland
none a parasympathetic
ganglion; the pterygopalatine
ganglion hangs off of the maxillary
division of thetrigeminal n. (V2)
within the pterygopalatine
fossa;
preganglionic
axons of the greater petrosal n. synapsehere;
postganglionic
sympathetic axonsof the deep petrosal
n. pass through theotic ganglion
without synapsing(they synapse in the
superior cervicalsympatheticganglion)
ganglion,semilunar
ophthalmic (V1), maxillary (V2)
and mandibular (V3) divisions
sensory fibersdepart via the
trigeminal n. (V)
none skin of the face,mucous membranes
of the nasal and oralcavities, mucous
a sensory ganglionequivalent in
histologicalstructure and
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of the trigeminal
n.
membrane of the
anterior 2/3rds of thetongue (GSA only)
function to a dorsal
root ganglion; alsoknown as.
trigeminal or Gasserian ganglion
ganglion, spiral fibers of the
cochlear hair cells
cochlear n. portion
of thevestibulocochlear
n. (VIII)
none hearing (SSA) a sensory ganglion
of the cochlear partof CN VIII
ganglion, stellate neurons in the
intermediolatera
l cell column of
spinal cord levelT1
gray rami
communicans to
spinal nerves C8
and T1(postganglionicsympathetic);
thoracic visceral br.
vascular smooth
muscle, arrector
pili muscle, sweat
glands of the C8& T1 cutaneousdistribution on
chest & upper limb (C8 and T1
dermatomes);
vascular smoothmuscle of the
lungs
pain from lungs a sympathetic
ganglion; stellate
ganglion is formed
by the fusion of theinferior cervicalsympathetic
ganglion and theT1 ganglion of the
sympathetic trunk
ganglion,submandibular
preganglionic parasympathetic
axons from thechorda tympani
(accompanyingthe lingual n.
from the
postganglionic parasympathetic
axons distributeeither directly, or
with branches of the lingual n. to
the submandibular
secretomotor tothe submandibular
and sublingualglands and the
small glands of the lingual
mucosa
none a parasympatheticganglion;
submandibular ganglion is
suspended from thelingual n. near the
deep part of the
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mandibular
division of thetrigeminal n.)
and sublingual
glands
submandibular
gland
geniculate
ganglion
facial n. (VII)
(chorda tympani branch)
nervus intermedius
(SVA sensory rootof facial n.)
none taste (SVA) from the
anterior 2/3 of thetongue
a sensory ganglion
equivalent inhistological
structure andfunction to a dorsal
root ganglion;some taste from the
palate travels
through the greater
petrosal n. to thegeniculateganglion; located in
the facial canal
within the petrous portion of the
temporal bone
geniohyoid m., n.
to
C1 fibers from
the superior rootof the ansa
cervicalis
no named
branches
geniohyoid m. none nerve to the
geniohyoid m.travels with the
hypoglossal nervefor a short distancein the superior neck
glossopharyngealn.
medulla: spinaltrigeminal
nucleus from
tympanic nerve tothe tympanic
plexus and lesser
GSE:stylopharyngeus;
GVE:
GVA: carotid body,carotid sinus,
pharynx, middle ear;
also known as: CNIX, 9th cranial
nerve; the
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the superior
ganglion(GVA); nucleus
solitarius fromthe inferior ganglion (SVA);
nucleusambiguus
(GVA); inferior salivatory
nucleus (GVE -
preganglionic parasympathetic
)
petrosal n., carotid
sinus n.,stylopharyngeus
brs., pharyngeal brs.
secretomotor to
the parotid gland(preganglionic
parasympatheticvia the tympanicn. to the lesser
petrosal n. to theotic ganglion;
postganglionic parasympathetic
via the
auriculotemporaln.)
GSA: skin of the
external ear; SVA:taste from the
posterior 1/3 of thetongue
glossopharyngeal
n. exits the posterior cranial
fossa by passingthrough the jugular foramen;it may
penetrate thestylopharyngeus m.
gray ramus
communicans
cell bodies
located in the
sympatheticchain ganglia
none carries
postganglionic
sympathetic axonsto the spinal
nerve; spinalnerve will carry
those axons peripherally to the
skin, bloodvessels, etc.
none gray rami
communicantes
connect thesympathetic chain
to spinal nerves atall vertebral levels
great auricular n. cervical plexus
(contributionsfrom the ventral
primary rami of spinal nerves
mastoid n.,
auricular n.
none skin of the ear and
skin below the ear
the great auricular
n. crosses thesuperficial surface
of thesternocleidomastoi
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C2&C3) d m.
greater occipital n. dorsal primary
ramus of spinalnerve C2
(medial br.)
no named
branches
posterior neck
muscles
skin of the posterior
surface of the scalp
muscles innervated
by this nervedevelop from
epimeres in theembryo
greater palatine n. maxillarydivision of the
trigeminal n.(V2)
posterior inferior lateral nasal brs.
none mucous membraneof the inferior part of
the lateral nasal wall;mucosa of the hard
palate
greater palatine n. passes through the
greater palatinecanal and foramen
greater petrosal n. facial (VII) no named branches
secretomotor (preganglionic
parasympathetic)to: lacrimal gland,
mucous glands of the lower nasal
cavity, maxillary
sinus and palate
none greater petrosal n. joins the deep
petrosal n. to formthe n. of the
pterygoid canal; thegreater petrosal n.
contains:
preganglionic parasympathetic
axons bound for
the pterygopalatineganglion where
they will synapse;it passes through
the hiatus of canalof greater petrosal
n. in the petrous
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part of the temporal
bone
hypoglossal n. medulla:hypoglossal
nucleus
no named branches; branches
of the ventral primary ramus of
spinal nerve C1are carried by this
nerve and are notconsidered to be
branches of the
hypoglossal nerve
intrinsic andextrinsic muscles
of the tongue(except the
palatoglossus m.)
none also known as: CNXII, 12th cranial
nerve; thehypoglossal n. exits
the posterior cranial fossa by
passing through thehypoglossal canal;
the superior root of
the ansa cervicalis
travels with thehypoglossal n. for ashort distance
inferior alveolar n. mandibular division of the
trigeminal n.
(V3)
n. to mylohyoid;inferior dental
plexus; mental
nerve
mylohyoid muscleand anterior belly
of the digastric m.
via n. tomylohyoid
teeth of themandible; skin of the
chin
inferior alveolar n. passes through the
mandibular canal;
the mental n. is itsterminal branch
which emergesthrough the mental
foramen
inferior laryngealn.
recurrentlaryngeal br. of
the vagus n. (X)
no named branches
all intrinsicmuscles of the
larynx except thecricothyroid;
those muscles are:
mucous membraneof the larynx below
the vocal fold
inferior laryngeal n.is the continuation
of the recurrentlaryngeal n., the
name change
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thyroarytenoid,
oblique andtransverse
arytenoid, posterior andlateral
cricoarytenoid,aryepiglottic,
thyroepiglottic,vocalis;
secretomotor to
the mucousmembrane of the
larynx below thevocal fold
occurs at the
cricothyroidarticulation
inferior oblique,
nerve to
inferior branch
of theoculomotor n.
parasympathetic
root to the ciliaryganglion
preganglionic
parasympatheticsupply to the
ciliary ganglionfor innervation of
the sphincter pupillae m. and
ciliary m.; inferior oblique m.
none parasympathetic
root carries GVE(preganglionic
parasympatheticaxons) to the ciliary
ganglion - shortciliary nn. carry the
postganglionic parasympatheticaxons from the
ciliary ganglion tothe eyeball
infraorbital n. maxillarydivision of the
middle alveolar n.,anterior superior
none mucous membraneof the maxillary
infraorbitaln.passes through
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trigeminal n.
(V2)
alveolar n. sinus; upper
premolar, canine andincisor teeth;
maxillary gingiva;skin of the lateralnose, lower eyelid,
upper lip andzygomatic region
the infraorbital
groove, canal andforamen
infratrochlear n. nasociliary br.of the
ophthalmic
division of the
trigeminal n.(V1)
no named branches
none skin and conjunctivaof the medial upper
and lower eyelids;
skin of the lateral
surface of the nose
infratrochlear n. passes inferior to
the trochlea
(pulley) of the
superior oblique m.
intermediate
supraclavicular n.
cervical plexus
(C3&C4)
no named
branches
none skin of the root of
the neck and upper chest, near the mid-
clavicle
pain from
respiratorydiaphragm is
referred to the
shoulder
internal carotid n. superior cervical
sympathetic
ganglion
contributes to the
internal carotid
plexus
vascular smooth
muscle of the
external carotidsystem of vessels;
sweat glands,arrector pili mm.
of the skin of theface and scalp
none internal carotid n.
appears to be the
upwardcontinuation of the
sypathetic trunk
internal carotid superior cervical most distribute vascular smooth none postganglionic
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plexus ganglion of the
sympathetictrunk, via the
internal carotidn.
along the brs. of
the internal carotidartery, although
the deep petrosaln. is an exception because it runs a
short courseindependent of an
artery
muscle of the
brain, orbit,forehead, upper
nasal cavity;arrector pilimuscles of
forehead andanterior scalp;
sweat glands of the forehead;
dilator pupillae m.
sympathetic nerve
fibers use arteriesas roadways to
enter the head andneck
lacrimal n. ophthalmic
division of thetrigeminal n.(V1)
no named
branches
carries
secretomotor axons to thelacrimal gland
skin of the lateral
portion of the upper eye lid and itsassociated
conjunctiva
lacrimal n. carries
the postganglionic parasympatheticaxons from the
zygomaticotempora
l br. of themaxillary n. that
originate in the pterygopalatine
ganglion
laryngeal, inferior recurrent
laryngeal br. of the vagus n. (X)
no named
branches
all intrinsic
muscles of thelarynx except thecricothyroid;
those muscles are:thyroarytenoid,
oblique andtransverse
mucous membrane
of the larynx belowthe vocal fold
inferior laryngeal n.
is the continuationof the recurrentlaryngeal n., the
name changeoccurs at the
cricothyroidarticulation
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arytenoid,
posterior andlateral
cricoarytenoid,aryepiglottic,thyroepiglottic,
vocalis;secretomotor to
the mucousmembrane of the
larynx below the
vocal fold
laryngeal,recurrent vagus n. (X) esophageal brs.,tracheal brs.,cardiac brs.,
pharyngeal brs.,
inferior laryngealn.
upper esophagus,lower pharynx,laryngeal mm.
(except
cricopharyngeus);smooth muscle of
the trachea;secretomotor to
mucosal glands inthe upper
esophagus, lower
pharynx, larynx below the vocal
fold, trachea;cardiac muscle of
the heart (slows
heart rate,
upper esophagus,lower pharynx,larynx below the
vocal folds, GVA
from heart
right recurrentlaryngeal n. loops posteriorly around
the right subclavian
a.; left recurrentlaryngeal n. loops
posteriorly aroundthe aortic arch and
ligamentumarteriosum; the
inferior laryngeal
br. supplies allintrinsic muscles of
the larynxEXCEPT the
cricothyroid m.
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decreases force of
contraction)
laryngeal, superior vagus n. (X) internal br.,external br. cricothyroid m.,inferior
pharyngealconstrictor m.;
secretomotor tomucosal glands of
the larynx abovethe vocal folds
mucous membraneof the larynx above
the vocal folds
external br.supplies the
cricothyroid m.; allother intrinsic
muscles of thelarynx are supplied
by the recurrentlaryngeal n.
lateral
supraclavicular n.
cervical plexus
(C3&C4)
no named
branches
none skin of the root of
the neck and upper
shoulder
pain from
respiratory
diaphragm isreferred to theshoulder
lesser occipital n. ventral primaryramus of spinal
nerve C2
no named branches
none skin behind the ear lesser occipital n.arises from the
cervical plexus
lesser palatine n. maxillarydivision of the
trigeminal n.(V2)
no named branches
none mucous membraneof the soft palate and
posterior hard palate
lesser palatine n. passes through the
greater palatinecanal and lesser
palatine foramen
lesser petrosal n. tympanic nerve,
from the
glossopharyngeal n. (IX)
otic ganglion secretomotor
(preganglionic
parasympathetic)for the parotid
none lesser petrosal n.
synapses in the otic
ganglion and postganglionic
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gland axons distribute to
the parotid gland by joining the
auriculotemporal n.
lingual n. mandibular division of the
trigeminal n.(V3)
no named branches
none general sense fromthe anterior 2/3 of
the tongue and floor of the mouth
lingual n. is joined by the chorda
tympani (taste and preganglionic
parasympathetic)from the facial n. in
the infratemporal
fossa; the
submandibular ganglion hangsfrom the lingual
nerve in the
paralingual space
long ciliary n. nasociliary no named
branches
none eyeball (GSA) these nerves bypass
the ciliary ganglion
mandibular
division of the
trigeminal n.
trigeminal
ganglion; motor
root arises fromthe pons
meningeal br.,
medial pterygoid
and lateral pterygoid nn.,
masseteric n.,anterior and
posterior deeptemporal nn.,
buccal n.,
SVE: mylohyoid
m., anterior belly
of the digastricm.; tensor
tympani m., tensor veli palatini m.;
muscles of mastication
(temporalis,
GSA: skin of the
lower lip and jaw
extending superiorlyabove level of the
ear; mucousmembrane of the
tongue and floor of the mouth; lower
teeth and gingiva of
also known as: V3;
passes through the
foramen ovale toexit the middle
cranial fossa; theotic ganglion is
associated with themedial side of V3
below the foramen
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auriculotemporal
n., lingual n.,inferior alveolar n.
masseter, medial
pterygoid andlateral pterygoid)
the mandibular
alveolar arch
ovale; the
auriculotemporal n.carries
postganglionic parasympatheticaxons to the parotid
gland; thesubmandibular
ganglion isassociated withe
the lingual n. near
the submandibular gland;
postganglionic parasympathetics
from the
submandibular ganglion supply the
submandibular gland and the
sublingual gland
mandibular,
marginal
facial n.
(cervicofacial
division)
no named
branches
orbicularis oris
m., depressor
anguli oris m.,depressor labii
inferioris m.,mentalis m.
none branches of the
facial nerve
innervate musclesderived from the
mesenchyme of thesecond pharygeal
arch
masseteric n. mandibular no named masseter m. none masseteric n.
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division of the
trigeminal n.
branches passes over the
mandibular notchto reach the deep
surface of themasseter m.
maxillary division
of the trigeminal n.
trigeminal
ganglion
meningeal br.,
posterior superior alveolar n.,
pharyngeal, posterior superior
medial and lateral
nasal brs.,
nasopalatine n.,greater and lesser palatine nn.,
zygomatic n.,
infraorbital n.
none GSA: skin of the
upper lip, cheek,lower eyelid;
mucous membraneof the palate; teeth
and gingiva of the
maxillary alveolar
arch; the mucousmembrane liningmost of the nasal
cavity; the mucous
membrane lining themaxillary sinus
also known as: V2;
maxillary divisionof the trigeminal n.
passes through theforamen rotundum
to enter the
pterygopalatine
fossa; the pterygopalatineganglion is
associated with it in
the pterygopalatinefossa;
postganglionic parasympathetic
fibers distributewith branches of
the maxillary
division to mucousglands of the nasal
cavity and palate;the zygomatic n. &
its brs. carry
postganglionic
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parasympathetic
axons to the orbitto reach the
lacrimal n. andlacrimal gland
medial
supraclavicular n.
cervical plexus
(C3&C4)
no named
branches
none skin of the root of
the neck and upper chest, anteriorly
pain from
respiratorydiaphragm is
referred to theshoulder
mental n. inferior alveolar
n.
no named
branches
none skin of the chin the
lower lip
mental n. passes
through the mental
foramen
middle superior alveolar
infraorbital n. dental plexus none maxillary premolar teeth and gingiva;
maxillary sinus
middle superior alveolar n. is
enclosed in bone itsentire length
mylohyoid, n. to inferior alveolar
n., a branch of the mandibular
division of the
trigeminal n.(V3)
no named
branches
mylohyoid m.,
anterior belly of the digastric m.
none n. to mylohyoid
arises near thelingula of the
mandible; course
within themylohyoid groove
of the mandible
nasociliary n. ophthalmic
division of thetrigeminal n.
communicating br.
to the ciliaryganglion, long
none eyeball, skin of the
nose and medialsides of the eyelids;
the distribution of
this nerve isindicated by its
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(V1) ciliary n., anterior
and posterior ethmoidal nn.,
infratrochlear n.
conjunctiva of the
medial sides of theeyelids; mucous
membranes of theupper nasal cavity,ethmoid and
sphenoid sinuses
name - nasociliary
nasopalatine n. maxillary
division of thetrigeminal n.
(V2)
no named
branches
none mucous membrane
of the nasal septum;mucous membrane
of the anterior
portion of the palate
nasopalatine n.
innervates themucosa overlying
the primary palate
(development); it passes through two
openings in bone:sphenopalatine
foramen and
incisive canal
nervus intermedius pons & medulla:
nucleussolitarius of
medulla (SVAsensory root)
from geniculateganglion;superior
salivatorynucleus (GVE
preganglionic parasympathetic
joins with the
motor root to formthe facial n. (VII);
its fibers arecontained in the
greater petrosal n.and the chordatympani
secretomotor to
the lacrimal glandand mucous
glands of thelower nasal
cavity;secretomotor tothe mucosa of the
maxillary sinusand palate
(synapse occurs atthe
taste from the
anterior 2/3 of thetongue
nervus intermedius
occupies anintermediate
position betweenthe motor root of
VII and cranial n.VIII when theyenter the internal
acoustic meatus
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) of pons pterygopalatine
ganglion);secretomotor to
submandibular and sublingualglands (synapse
occurs at thesubmandibular
ganglion)
occipital, greater dorsal primary
ramus of spinal
nerve C2(medial br.)
no named
branches
posterior neck
muscles
skin of the posterior
surface of the scalp
muscles innervated
by this nerve
develop fromepimeres in the
embryo
occipital, lesser ventral primary
ramus of spinalnerve C2
no named
branches
none skin behind the ear lesser occipital n.
arises from thecervical plexus
occipitalis tertius dorsal primary
ramus of spinalnerve C3
(medial br.)
no named
branches
posterior neck
muscles
skin of the posterior
surface of the neck
muscles innervated
by this nervedevelop from
epimeres in the
embryooculomotor n. oculomotor
nuclei of themidbrain
(extraocular muscles);
accessory
superior br.,
inferior br.
GSE: superior br.:
levator palpebraesuperioris m.,
superior rectus m.;inferior br: medial
rectus m., inferior
none also known as: CN
III; oculomotor n. passes through the
superior orbitalfissure to exit the
middle cranial
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oculomotor
nucleus (nucleusof Edinger-
Westphal - preganglionic parasympathetic
)
rectus m., inferior
oblique m.; GVE:ciliary m. &
sphincter pupillaem. (preganglionic parasympathetic
axons go to theciliary ganglion
via the parasympathetic
root,
postganglionic parasympathetic
go from the ciliaryganglion to the
eyeball via short
ciliary nn.)
fossa
of the pterygoid
canal
formed by the
union of thegreater petrosal
n.(preganglionic
parasympathetic
) and the deep petrosal n.
(postganglionicsympathetic)
ends in the
pterygopalatineganglion
(parasympathetic)
secretomotor
(parasympathetic)to: lacrimal gland
and mucousglands of nasal
cavity and
maxillary sinus;sympathetic
innervation tovascular smooth
muscle in the
same region
none contains:
preganglionicaxons of the greater
petrosal n. boundfor pterygopalatine
ganglion where
they will synapse; postganglionic
sympathetic axonsof the deep petrosal
n. which will pass
through the
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pterygopalatine
ganglion withoutsynapsing
olfactory n. the filaments of
the bipolar olfactory
epithelial cellsconstitute the
olfactory n.
second order
olfactory nervecell bodies located
in the olfactory bulb
none smell (SVA) also known as: CN
I, 1st cranial n.;multiple olfactory
filaments passthrough the
cribriform plate toenter the anterior
cranial fossa and
synapse in theolfactory bulb; the
olfactory tractcarries the signal
from the bulb to
olfactory cortex of the forebrain
ophthalmicdivision of the
trigeminal n.
trigeminalganglion
meningeal br.,lacrimal n., frontal
n., nasociliary n.
none (GSA) skin of theforehead, upper
eyelid and nose;mucous membrane
of the upper nasalcavity, frontal sinus,ethmoid air cells and
sphenoid sinuses
also known as: V1;the ophthalmic
division of thetrigeminal n. passes
through thesuperior orbitalfissure to exit the
middle cranialfossa; the lacrimal
n. receives postganglionic
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parasympathetic
axons to thelacrimal gland from
thezygomaticotemporal br. of the
zygomatic n.
optic n. ganglion layer
of the retina tothe forebrain
none none vision (SSA) also known as: CN
II, 2nd cranialnerve; the course of
the optic nerve is:
through the opticcanal to the optic
chiasma, then theoptic tract to the
lateral geniculate
body and opticradiation
otic ganglion preganglionic parasympathetic
via the lesser petrosal, from
the tympanic n.of theglossopharynge
al n. (IX)
postganglionic parasympathetic
axons distributewith the parotid
brs. of theauriculotemporaln. (from V3)
secretomotor tothe parotid gland
none a parasympatheticganglion; the otic
ganglion hangs off of the mandibular
division of thetrigeminal n. (V3)inferomedial to the
foramen ovale
palatine, greater maxillary
division of the
posterior inferior
lateral nasal brs.
none mucous membrane
of the inferior part of
greater palatine n.
passes through the
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trigeminal n.
(V2)
the lateral nasal wall;
mucosa of the hard palate
greater palatine
canal and foramen
palatine, lesser maxillary
division of thetrigeminal n.
(V2)
no named
branches
none mucous membrane
of the soft palate and posterior hard palate
lesser palatine n.
passes through thegreater palatine
canal and lesser palatine foramen
petrosal, deep internal carotid plexus
no named branches
vascular smoothmuscle of the
mucous
membranes of the
lower nasalcavity, maxillarysinus and palate
none deep petrosal n. joins the greater
petrosal n. to form
the n. of the
pterygoid canal; thedeep petrosal n.contains
postganglionicsympathetic axons
(synapse occurred
in the superior cervical
sympatheticganglion)
petrosal, greater facial (VII) no named
branches
secretomotor
(preganglionic parasympathetic)
to: lacrimal gland,mucous glands of
the lower nasal
none greater petrosal n.
joins the deep petrosal n. to form
the n. of the pterygoid canal; the
greater petrosal n.
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cavity, maxillary
sinus and palate
contains:
preganglionic parasympathetic
axons bound for the pterygopalatineganglion where
they will synapse;it passes through
the hiatus of canalof greater petrosal
n. in the petrous
part of the temporal bone
petrosal, lesser tympanic nerve,from the
glossopharynge
al n. (IX)
otic ganglion secretomotor (preganglionic
parasympathetic)
for the parotidgland
none lesser petrosal n.synapses in the otic
ganglion and
postganglionicaxons distribute to
the parotid gland by joining the
auriculotemporal n.
pharyngeal plexus motor
contributed bythe vagus n.(X); sensory
contributed bythe
glossopharyngeal n. (IX),
no named
branches
vagus: all muscles
of the pharynxexceptstylopharyngeus;
sympathetic:smooth muscle in
the pharyngealvasculature
glossopharyngeal:
mucous membranelining the pharynx
the muscles of the
pharyngeal wall areskeletal m. derivedfrom the
mesenchyme of the4th pharyngeal arch
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vasomotor
contributed bythe superior
cervicalsympatheticganglion
phrenic n. ventral primaryrami of spinal
nerves C3-C5(cervical plexus)
no named branches
skeletal muscle of the respiratory
diaphragm
diaphragmatic pleura; some fibers
contributed to the pericardium and to
the adjacent
mediastinal andcostal pleurae
phrenic n. crossesthe anterior surface
of the anterior scalene m.
plexus, brachial ventral primaryrami of C5-8
and T1
dorsal scapular,long thoracic, n. to
subclavius,suprascapular,
lateral and medial
pectoral, medial brachial and
antebrachialcutaneous, upper,
middle and lower subscapular,musculocutaneous,
ulnar, median,axillary, radial
muscles of theupper limb,
excludingtrapezius
skin of the upper limb
plexus is a latinword meaning
"braid"; axons fromspinal cord levels
C5-T1 are mixed
(braided) in the brachial plexus and
repackaged intoterminal branches
so that each branchcontains axonsfrom several spinal
cord segmentallevels
plexus, cervical ventral primary brs. to: longus longus colli & skin of the close association of
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rami of spinal
nerves C1-C4
colli & capitis,
sternocleidomastoid m., trapezius m.,
levator scapulaem., scalenusmedius m., rectus
capitis anterior and lateralis mm.;
superior & inferior root of the ansa
cervicalis, n. to the
thyrohyoid m., n.to the geniohyoid
m., lesser occipitaln., great auricular
n., transverse
cervical n.,supraclavicular nn.
(medial,intermediate and
lateral),contributions to
the phrenic n.
from C3 and C4
capitis mm.,
rectus capitisanterior &
lateralis mm.,infrahyoid mm.,thyrohyoid m.,
geniohyoid m.,respiratory
diaphragm
anterolateral neck;
skin of the ear andskin behind the ear
the supraclavicular
nn. to the phrenicn. results in pain
from therespiratorydiaphragm referred
to the shoulder
plexus, esophageal right and left
vagus (X) nn.;thoracic visceral
brs. of the
sympathetic
anterior and
posterior vagaltrunks
preganglionic
parasympatheticaxons from the
vagus n. supply
smooth muscle
vagus: GVA from
the esophagus andabdominal gut
proximal to the left
colic flexure;
during
development of thegut, the stomach
and esophagus
rotate 90° to the
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trunk and glands of the
thoracicesophagus and
abdominal gut andits derivatives proximal to the
left colic flexure; postganglionic
sympathetic axonsfrom the thoracic
visceral brs.
supply vascular smooth muscle in
the esophagealvessels
thoracic visceral
brs.carry pain fromthe esophagus
right with the result
that the left andright vagus nerves
mix in theesophageal plexusand emerge as
anterior and posterior vagal
trunks
plexus, external
carotid
superior cervical
ganglion of thesympathetic
trunk, via theexternal carotid
n.
distributes along
the brs. of theexternal carotid
artery
vascular smooth
muscle, arrector pili muscles,
sweat glands of face & upper neck
none postganglionic
sympathetic nervefibers use arteries
as roadways toenter the head and
neck
plexus, internal
carotid
superior cervical
ganglion of thesympathetictrunk, via the
internal carotidn.
most distribute
along the brs. of the internal carotidartery, although
the deep petrosaln. is an exception
because it runs ashort course
vascular smooth
muscle of the brain, orbit,forehead, upper
nasal cavity;arrector pili
muscles of forehead and
none postganglionic
sympathetic nervefibers use arteriesas roadways to
enter the head andneck
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independent of an
artery
anterior scalp;
sweat glands of the forehead;
dilator pupillae m.
plexus, pharyngeal motor contributed by
the vagus n.(X); sensory
contributed bythe
glossopharynge
al n. (IX),vasomotor
contributed bythe superior
cervical
sympatheticganglion
no named branches
vagus: all musclesof the pharynx
exceptstylopharyngeus;
sympathetic:smooth muscle in
the pharyngeal
vasculature
glossopharyngeal:mucous membrane
lining the pharynx
the muscles of the pharyngeal wall are
skeletal m. derivedfrom the
mesenchyme of the4th pharyngeal arch
posterior deeptemporal n.
mandibular division of the
trigeminal n.(V3)
no named branches
temporalis m. no cutaneous branches
a branch of themotor root of CN
V; temporalis m.developed from the
mesenchyme of thefirst pharyngealarch
posterior ethmoidal n.
nasociliary n. no named branches
none mucous membranelining the posterior
ethmoid air cells and
posterior ethmoidaln. exits the orbit by
passing through the
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sphenoid sinus posterior ethmoid
foramen
posterior superior
alveolar n.
maxillary n. dental plexus none maxillary molar
teeth and gingiva;
maxillary sinus
posterior superior
alveolar n. enters
bone by passingthrough the small
foramina on the posterior surface of
the maxilla
pterygopalatine
ganglion
preganglionic
parasympathetic
axons arrive via
the n. of the pterygoid canalfrom greater
petrosal n. of the facial n
(VII);
postganglionicsympathetic
axons arrive viathe n. of the
pterygoid canalfrom the deep petrosal n.
postganglionic
parasympathetic
axons distribute
via the greater &lesser palatine nn.,nasopalatine n.,
sphenopalatine n.and zygomatic n.
secretomotor to:
mucous glands of
the palate, nasal
cavity, lacrimalgland
none a parasympathetic
ganglion; the
pterygopalatine
ganglion hangs off of the maxillarydivision of the
trigeminal n. (V2)within the
pterygopalatine
fossa; preganglionic
axons of the greater petrosal n. synapse
here; postganglionicsympathetic axons
of the deep petrosaln. pass through the
otic ganglionwithout synapsing
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(they synapse in the
superior cervicalsympathetic
ganglion)
ramuscommunicans,
gray
cell bodieslocated in the
sympatheticchain ganglia
none carries postganglionic
sympathetic axonsto the spinal
nerve; spinalnerve will carry
those axons
peripherally to theskin, blood
vessels, etc.
none gray ramicommunicantes
connect thesympathetic chain
to spinal nerves atall vertebral levels
ramus
communicans,white
cell bodies
located in thelateral horn gray
matter of spinal
cord levels T1-L2;
none axons contained
within white ramicommunicantes
will synapse on
postganglioniccell bodies that
will ultimatelyinnervate the skin,
viscera, glands, blood vessels, etc.
pain from viscera is
carried back to thespinal cord through
the white ramus
communicans
white rami
communicantesconnect the
sympathetic chain
to spinal nerves atvertebral levels T1-
L2; carries preganglionic
sympathetic axons
recurrent laryngeal
n.
vagus n. (X) esophageal brs.,
tracheal brs.,cardiac brs.,
pharyngeal brs.,
upper esophagus,
lower pharynx,laryngeal mm.
(except
upper esophagus,
lower pharynx,larynx below the
vocal folds, GVA
right recurrent
laryngeal n. loops posteriorly around
the right subclavian
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inferior laryngeal
n.
cricopharyngeus);
smooth muscle of the trachea;
secretomotor tomucosal glands inthe upper
esophagus, lower pharynx, larynx
below the vocalfold, trachea;
cardiac muscle of
the heart (slowsheart rate,
decreases force of contraction)
from heart a.; left recurrent
laryngeal n. loops posteriorly around
the aortic arch andligamentumarteriosum; the
inferior laryngeal br. supplies all
intrinsic muscles of the larynx
EXCEPT the
cricothyroid m.
semilunar ganglion ophthalmic (V1)
, maxillary (V2)and mandibular
(V3) divisionsof the trigeminal
n.
sensory fibers
depart via thetrigeminal n. (V)
none skin of the face,
mucous membranesof the nasal and oral
cavities, mucousmembrane of the
anterior 2/3rds of thetongue (GSA only)
a sensory ganglion
equivalent inhistological
structure andfunction to a dorsal
root ganglion; alsoknown as.
trigeminal or
Gasserian ganglion
short ciliary n. ciliary ganglion:
sensory root -from the
nasociliary n.(a branch of V1);
multiple short
ciliary nn. whichleave the ciliary
ganglion anteriorly
sphincter pupillae
& ciliary mm.(parasympathetic),
dilator pupillae(sympathetic)
eyeball (GSA) short ciliary nn. are
mixed nerveswhich contain
sensory and 2 typesof autonomic nerve
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sympathetic root
- from theinternal carotid
plexus; parasympatheticroot - from the
inferior divisionof the
oculomotor n.(III)
fibers;
postganglionic parasympathetic
neurons whoseaxons are located inthese nerves have
their cell bodieslocated in the
ciliary ganglion
spiral ganglion fibers of the
cochlear hair cells
cochlear n. portion
of thevestibulocochlear
n. (VIII)
none hearing (SSA) a sensory ganglion
of the cochlear partof CN VIII
stellate ganglion neurons in the
intermediolateral cell column of
spinal cord level
T1
gray rami
communicans tospinal nerves C8
and T1
(postganglionicsympathetic);
thoracic visceral br.
vascular smooth
muscle, arrector pili muscle, sweat
glands of the C8
& T1 cutaneousdistribution on
chest & upper limb (C8 and T1
dermatomes);vascular smoothmuscle of the
lungs
pain from lungs stellate ganglion is
formed by thefusion of the
inferior cervical
sympatheticganglion and the
T1 ganglion of thesympathetic trunk
submandibular
ganglion
preganglionic
parasympathetic
postganglionic
parasympathetic
secretomotor to
the submandibular
none a terminal
parasympathetic
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axons from the
chorda tympani(accompanying
the lingual n.from themandibular
division of thetrigeminal n.)
axons distribute
either directly, or with branches of
the lingual n. tothe submandibular and sublingual
glands
and sublingual
glands and thesmall glands of
the lingualmucosa
ganglion;
submandibular ganglion is
suspended from thelingual n. near thedeep part of the
submandibular gland
suboccipital n. dorsal primaryramus of spinal
nerve C1
no named branches
muscles of thesuboccipital
triangle: rectus
capitis posterior major m., rectus
capitis posterior minor m.,
obliquus capitis
superior m.,obliquus capitis
inferior m.
no cutaneous branches
spinal nerve C1 has NO cutaneous
distribution
superior laryngeal
n.
vagus n. (X) internal br.,
external br.
cricothyroid m.,
inferior pharyngeal
constrictor m.;secretomotor tomucosal glands of
the larynx abovethe vocal folds
mucous membrane
of the larynx abovethe vocal folds
external br.
supplies thecricothyroid m.; all
other intrinsicmuscles of thelarynx are supplied
by the recurrentlaryngeal n.
supraclavicular, cervical plexus no named none skin of the root of pain from
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intermediate (C3&C4) branches the neck and upper
chest, near the mid-clavicle
respiratory
diaphragm isreferred to the
shoulder
supraclavicular,lateral
cervical plexus(C3&C4)
no named branches
none skin of the root of the neck and upper
shoulder
pain fromrespiratory
diaphragm isreferred to the
shoulder
supraclavicular,
medial
cervical plexus
(C3&C4)
no named
branches
none skin of the root of
the neck and upper
chest, anteriorly
pain from
respiratory
diaphragm is
referred to theshoulder
supraorbital n. frontal n, from
the ophthalmicdivision of the
trigeminal n.
(V1)
medial and lateral
brs.
none skin of the forehead;
mucous membraneof the frontal sinus
supraorbital nerve
passes through thesupraorbital
foramen (notch)
supratrochlear n. frontal n, from
the ophthalmic
division of thetrigeminal n.
(V1)
no named
branches
none skin of the medial
forehead and the
medial part of theupper eyelid;
associatedconjunctiva
supratrochlear n.
passes superior to
the trochlea(pulley) of the
superior oblique m.
sympathetic chainganglia, cervical
preganglionicsympathetic
postganglionicsympathetic depart
dilator pupillaem.; vascular
pain from viscera located parallel tothe vertebral bodies
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fibers arrive via
white ramicommunicantes
of ventral primary rami of spinal nerves
T1-T5
via gray rami
communicans tocervical spinal nn.;
internal andexternal carotidnn.; cervical
cardiac brs.
smooth muscle;
arrector pilimuscles and sweat
glands of headand neck; heartand lungs
in the neck; there
are no white ramicommunicantes at
cervical levels
temporal, anterior
deep
mandibular
division of thetrigeminal n.
(V3)
no named
branches
temporalis m. no cutaneous
branches
a branch of the
motor root of CNV; temporalis m.
developed from the
mesenchyme of thefirst pharyngeal
arch
temporal, posterior
deep
mandibular
division of thetrigeminal n.
(V3)
no named
branches
temporalis m. no cutaneous
branches
a branch of the
motor root of CNV; temporalis m.
developed from the
mesenchyme of thefirst pharyngeal
arch
temporofacial
division of the
facial n.
facial n. temporal,
zygomatic and
buccal brs.
muscles of facial
expression of the
upper part of theface; frontalis m.,
anterior andsuperior
auricularis mm.
none temporofacial
division of the
facial n. usuallyforms a loop by
communicationanteriorly with the
cervicofacial
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division
to carotid body glossopharyngeal n. (IX)
no named branches
none sensory receptors inthe carotid body and
carotid sinus
chemoreception(blood pH) in
carotid body; blood
pressure receptorsin carotid sinus;
both located near the bifurcation of
the commoncarotid a.; the
vagus n. (X) may
share a role in thisinnervation
to digastric m., posterior belly
facial n. (VII) no named branches
posterior belly of the digastric m.
none the anterior belly of the digastric m. is
formed bymesenchyme from
the 1st pharyngeal
arch and is supplied by the n. to the
mylohyoid m. (V3)
to geniohyoid m. C1 fibers from
the superior root
of the ansacervicalis
no named
branches
geniohyoid m. none nerve to the
geniohyoid m.
travels with thehypoglossal nerve
for a short distancein the superior neck
transverse cervical cervical plexus no named none skin of the anterior transverse cervical
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n. (C2 and C3) branches surface of the neck n. penetrates the
platysma m. butdoes not innervate
it
trigeminal n. motor rootarises from the
trigeminalmotor nucleus
in the pons(SVE); sensory
part arises from
the trigeminalganglion (GSA)
and projects intothe pons to the
primary sensory
nucleus of V or more inferiorly
to the nucleus of the spinal root
of V (medullaand upper spinal
cord)
ophthalmic,maxillary and
mandibular divisions
SVE: anterior belly of the
digastric m.,mylohyoid m.,
tensor veli palatinim., tensor tympani
m.; muscles of
mastication:temporalis m.,
masseter m.,lateral pterygoid
m., medial
pterygoid m.
skin of the face;mucous membranes
of the nasal and oralcavities; general
sensation (GSA) tothe anterior 2/3 of
the tongue
also known as: CNV, 5th cranial
nerve; some brs.carry pre- or
postganglionic parasympathetic
fibers; the
trigeminal n.divides into three
divisions at thetrigeminal
ganglion; SVE
supplies muscles of 1st pharyngeal arch
origin
trochlear n. trochlear nucleus of the
midbrain
no named branches
superior obliquem. of the eye
(GSE)
none also known as: CNIV, 4th cranial
nerve; the trochlear n. passes through
the superior orbitalfissure to exit the
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middle cranial
fossa; it is thesmallest cranial
nerve and the onlycranial nerve toarise from dorsum
of brainstem
tympanic n. glossopharynge
al n.
tympanic plexus,
which gives rise tothe lesser petrosal
n.
secretomotor
(preganglionic parasympathetic
axons which will
synapse in the oticganglion) to the
parotid gland
mucous membrane
lining the middle ear cavity
tympanic n. passes
from the inferior ganglion of CN IX
through the
tympaniccanaliculus to reach
the middle ear
vagus n. medulla: dorsal
motor nucleus(GVE
preganglionic
parasympathetic); inferior
ganglion(GVA); nucleus
ambiguus(SVE); superior ganglion (GSA);
inferior ganglion(SVA)
auricular br.,
pharyngeal br.,superior laryngeal,
superior and
inferior cervicalcardiac brs.,
recurrent laryngealn., thoracic cardiac
brs., brs. to the pulmonary plexus, brs. to the
esophageal plexus,anterior and
posterior vagaltrunks
SVE: intrinsic
muscles of thelarynx, pharynx
(except
stylopharyngeus),and palate (except
tensor veli palatini); GVE:
smooth muscle of the respiratorytree & gut
(proximal to theleft colic flexure),
heart;secretomotor:
GSA: skin of the
external auditorymeatus; GVA:
viscera of head,
neck, thorax &abdomen proximal to
the left colic flexure;SVA: taste from the
epiglottis
also known as: CN
X, 10th cranialnerve; the vagus n.
passes through the
jugular foramen toexit the posterior
cranial fossa; vagusmeans "wanderer"
in reference to itsextensivedistribution to the
body cavities
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mucous glands of
the larynx,respiratory tree,
pharynx and gut;secretomotor todigestive glands
vestibular n. pons andmedulla
no named branches
none balance/proprioception (SSA)
vestibular n. is partof the
vestibulocochlear n.
vestibulocochlear
n.
pons & medulla:
vestibular nuclei
from thevestibular ganglion of the
semicircular ducts; cochlear
nuclei in the
inferior cerebellar
peduncle
divides within the
temporal bone into
vestibular andcochlear parts
none vestibular:
balance/propriocepti
on (SSA); cochlear:hearing (SSA)
also known as: CN
VIII, 8th cranial
nerve; auditorynerve; passes intothe internal
auditory meatus
white ramus
communicans
cell bodies
located in the
lateral horn graymatter of spinal
cord levels T1-L2;
none axons contained
within white rami
communicanteswill synapse on
postganglioniccell bodies that
will ultimately
pain from viscera is
carried back to the
spinal cord throughthe white ramus
communicans
white rami
communicantes
connect thesympathetic chain
to spinal nerves atvertebral levels T1-
L2; carries
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innervate the skin,
viscera, glands, blood vessels, etc.
preganglionic
sympathetic axons
zygomatic n. maxillarydivision of thetrigeminal n.
(V2)
zygomaticofacial&zygomaticotempor
al
carriessecretomotor fibers
skin of the facelateral and superior to the orbit
zygomatic n.carries postganglionic
parasympatheticfibers from the
pterygopalatineganglion to the
lacrimal gland (via
the communicating br. of the
zygomaticotemporal n. which joins the
lacrimal n.)
zygomaticofacial
n.
zygomatic from
the maxillary
division of thetrigeminal n.
(V2)
no named
branches
none skin of face lateral to
the orbit
zygomaticofacial n.
passes through the
zygomaticofacialforamen
zygomaticotempor
al n.
zygomatic from
the maxillary
division of thetrigeminal n.
(V2)
communicating br. carries
secretomotor
fibers
skin of face
superolateral to the
orbit
zygomaticotempora
l n. carries
postganglionic parasympathetic
fibers from the pterygopalatine
ganglion to the
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lacrimal gland (via
the communicating br. which joins the
lacrimal n.)
58